957:, sometimes as Arab and sometimes as Ishmaelite. The names "Nabat, Kedar, Abdeel, Dumah, Massa, and Teman" were mentioned in the Assyrian royal inscriptions as Arabian tribes. Jesur is mentioned in Greek inscriptions in the first century BC. Assyrian and Babylonian Inscriptions have referred to the Ishmaelites as "Sumu'ilu" and Ernst Knauf had written that Yisma'el is a typical West Semitic Personal name found in texts from the third millennium BC to pre-Islamic Arabic in the first half of the first millennium CE. He argues that the North Arabian "Sama'il" would be rendered "Shumu'il" by Assyrians, and would have the same meaning as "Yisma'el" and hence the Shumu'ilu tribes would be descended to an ancestor named Yisma'el, which is anglicized as Ishmael. One of the Inscriptions mentioning the Ishmaelites is
968:(Dumat Al-Jandal), which was also the cultic residence of the six deities of the "king of the Arabs", as John Travis Noble writes. Tayma's pantheon was quite different from that of Duma, which seems to be the capital of the Ishmaelites, even though Tema appears as a son of Ishmael in Genesis 25. Noble then writes that it is unlikely that all twelve tribes associated with the sons of Ishmael were in the Ishmaelite Confederacy simultaneously, and tribes joined in one instance may not be a part of it in another instance, and they sometimes may have fought each other despite the association with the wider Ishmaelite Confederacy. However, the term "Ishmaelites" or rather "Sumu'ilu" disappears from documentary sources as the
704:
998:
767:
there was a great water fountain." A group of people passed by, and saw the well and Hajar and
Ishmael sitting there. They asked Hagar for some of the water from the well; she agreed, and an Arab tribe began there. Ishmael grew up there and learned Arabic from the tribe while waiting for his father. When Ibrahim arrived in Marwa, he learned that his son was alive. When young Ishmael saw his father, he ran to him and they embraced.
2534:
351:, who attributed the known Ishmaelite (Shumu'ilu) Tribes as the names of the sons of Ishmael. However, the name and narrative of Ishmael found in other parts of Genesis would antedate this by centuries. The Hebrew Bible already contained the story of Ishmael, and it would later come across Ishmaelite Tribes, and they would invent names for Ishmael's sons, named after the various tribes in the Ishmaelite Confederacy.
651:
31:
2520:
245:
2548:
770:
Allah (God) decided to test
Ibrahim again, and he dreamed two nights in a row of sacrificing Ishmael. Ibrahim blindfolded himself, because he could not bear to see his son suffer, then he placed the knife on Ishmael neck and wield the knife, when he opened his blindfold he found Ishmael standing next
766:
in search of water for her son. After her seventh run between the hills, an angel appeared before her. He helped them, saying that God heard
Ishmael's cry and would provide them with water; Hajar stopped the water with stones. Muhammad said, "May Allah forgive Hajar if she doesn't stop the water,
235:
to the north. Christian Frevel holds that while there certainly existed a tribe of Sumu'il in the eighth century BCE, it is possible that the biblical tradition describing the existence of
Ishmaelites in the Middle Bronze Age is unhistorical and emerged no earlier than the eighth or seventh
2440:
and Qedar." Medieval Jewish sources also usually identified Qedar with Arabs and
Muslims. According to author and scholar Irfan Shahîd, while Western scholars viewed this kind of "genealogical Ishmaelism" with suspicion, the concept can be supported for certain groups among the Arabs,
176:
in the Bible, Ishmael had one daughter and twelve sons, the "twelve princes" mentioned in
Genesis 17:20. In Islamic tradition, this gave rise to the "Twelve Tribes of Ishmael", Arab tribes from which the early Muslims were descended. In Jewish tradition, the
775:, the first Islamic prophet, and Ibrahim and Ishmael began building the Kaaba. Ibrahim built the mosque, and Ishmael provided the stones, When the walls were built and the roof was almost complete, Ibrahim stood on the miraculous
2445:
Genealogical
Ishmaelism was viewed with suspicion as a late Islamic fabrication because of the confusion in Islamic times which made it such a capacious term as to include the inhabitants of the south as well as the north of the
2489:(an Arabic-speaking tribe), learning the pure Arabic tongue from them. When grown-up, he successively married two ladies from the Jurhum tribe, the second wife being the daughter of Mudad ibn 'Amr, leader of the Jurhum tribe."
980:, who had been entrenched there as early as the 6th century BC. According to Knauf, this expansion caused the tribes to decrease contact, and this caused the Ishmaelite Confederacy to end, not any military defeat.
2478:), who are also prominently featured in the Genesis account. It is likely that they and their tribes lived in northwestern Arabia and were historically the most important of the twelve Ishmaelite tribes.
771:
to him and instead of
Ishmael there was a lamb. Ibrahim knew it was a test from Allah and then he received a command from Allah to rebuild the mosque for Ishmael's tribe which had been constructed by
2312:
289:
But as for
Ishmael, I have heard thee: behold I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation.
862:
annotates
Genesis 25:16, describing the extent of their settlements: "And they dwelt from Hindekaia unto Chalutsa, which is by the side of Mizraim , from thy going up towards Arthur ."
2504:), Arab scholars alternate, with some citing the line as through Nebaioth, others Qedar. Many Muslim scholars see Isaiah 42 (21:13–17) as predicting the coming of a servant of
2305:
285:
Hagar conceived Ishmael from Abraham, and the Ishmaelites descend from him. After Abraham pleaded with God for Ishmael to live under his blessing, chapter 17 states:
739:
a favor above the nations. With some of their forefathers and their offspring and their brethren, We chose them and guided them unto a straight path". (Quran 6:86).
2450:. But short of this extravagance, the concept is much more modest in its denotation, and in the sober sources, it applies only to certain groups among the Arabs of
3002:
543:
Promised to become a great nation; described as "a wild donkey of a man" whose hand would be against everyone and everyone's hand against him. (Genesis 16:11-12)
2462:
ancestor for some of the Arabs of western Arabia. Prominence is given in Arab genealogical accounts to the first two of Ishmael's twelve sons, Nebaioth (Arabic:
2298:
449:
751:. He prayed for them after leaving them, saying: "O our Lord! I have made some of my offspring to dwell in an uncultivatable valley by Your Sacred House (the
277:. However, Sarah could not conceive. In chapter 16, Sarah (then Sarai) gave her slave Hagar in marriage to Abraham, in order that Abraham might have an heir.
3336:
154:
747:
bore the prophetic child, who was named Ishmael by Allah through one of his angels. God ordered Ibrahim to bring Ishmael and Hajar to present-day
2424:(737–819 AD) established a genealogical link between Ishmael and Muhammad using writings and the ancient oral traditions of the Arabs. His book,
3191:
212:
based on the similarity of sounds, but others reject this connection. Different Islamic groups assign the ancestry of the Islamic prophet
2815:
2454:
times. Some important statements to this effect were made by Muhammad when he identified some Arabs as Ishmaelites and others as not.
3361:
3341:
3163:
3050:
2875:
690:
3301:
620:
Received blessings from God but not specified as inheritors of the covenant promises given to Abraham's descendants through Isaac
623:
Inherited the covenant promises made to Abraham, including land, numerous descendants, and divine protection (Genesis 28:13-15)
1264:
759:. So fill some hearts among men with love towards them, and (O Allah) provide them with fruits so that they may give thanks."
3356:
3119:
3088:
2428:("The Abundance of Kinship"), seems to posit that the people known as "Arabs" (of his time) were all descendants of Ishmael.
1944:
672:
557:
Central to the biblical narrative, forming the foundation of the nation of Israel and playing key roles in biblical history
703:
3351:
2413:
1509:
224:
976:
came to power of the kings living in tents. Southern Palestine and the surrounding areas were inhabited considerably by
668:
298:
And these are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to their generations: the firstborn of Ishmael
3321:
1439:
2781:
2766:
3065:
king of kedar (Qedarites) is named alternatively as king of Ishmaelites and king of Arabs in Assyrian Inscriptions
2751:
661:
281:
And Sarai Abram's wife took Hagar her maid the Egyptian ... and gave her to her husband Abram to be his wife.
3331:
2188:
2908:
2493:
1934:
958:
462:
322:
178:
2458:
Ishmaelism, in this more limited definition, holds that Ishmael was both an important religious figure and
2039:
1984:
457:
344:
318:
124:
104:
3255:
2345:
as examples of God's power to destroy those who did not believe and follow their prophets and messengers.
2029:
950:
712:
472:
331:
231:, a tribal confederation that would take control of the incense trade route during the dominance of the
2420:
had said: "The first whose tongue spoke in clear Arabic was Ishmael, when he was fourteen years old."
972:
fell. However, the individual tribes and members kept going on, as there are references from the time
546:
Promised to become a great nation; bearer of the covenant promises made to Abraham (Genesis 35:11-12)
3316:
3199:
2735:
2561:
2173:
2054:
2903:
2539:
2421:
2263:
1579:
1274:
232:
193:
136:
711:
wall, associated with Ibrahim (Abraham), Ishmael and their building of the Kaaba (now part of the
3346:
2996:
2785:
2770:
2755:
2451:
1969:
1734:
1619:
1479:
1204:
1139:
590:
Chosen people, bearers of the Abrahamic covenant, recipients of divine promises (Genesis 17:7-8)
36:
3149:
1559:
3159:
3133:
3115:
3084:
3056:
3046:
3021:
2984:
2913:
2881:
2871:
2848:
2840:
2614:
2447:
2417:
2409:
2079:
1924:
1529:
1169:
1159:
1149:
1034:
847:
3153:
3078:
3040:
3326:
3195:
2610:
2386:
2382:
2233:
2229:
2218:
2199:
1844:
1824:
1744:
1539:
1419:
1344:
1334:
1284:
1214:
1114:
1064:
740:
150:
149:
and small kingdoms described in Abrahamic tradition as being descended from and named after
2691:
997:
2169:
2139:
1999:
1904:
1894:
1804:
1784:
1674:
1609:
1569:
1549:
1459:
1384:
1374:
1324:
1294:
1234:
1224:
1104:
1054:
973:
969:
965:
348:
258:
173:
115:
95:
2675:
Ismael: Untersuchung zur Geschichte Palästinas und Nordarabiens im 1. Jahrtausend v. Chr.
1364:
2799:"Let Ishmael Live Before You!" Finding a Place for Hagar's Son in the Priestly Tradition
2718:"Let Ishmael Live Before You!" Finding a Place for Hagar's Son in the Priestly Tradition
964:
The Ishmaelite Confederacy did have differences. The Qedar Tribe's political center was
2940:
2525:
2244:
2154:
2098:
1874:
1764:
1694:
1394:
859:
763:
744:
732:
201:
2648:
The Ancient Arabs: Nomads on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent, 9th–5th Century B.C.
3310:
2618:
2501:
2124:
1629:
1489:
776:
772:
467:
327:
270:
146:
2964:
2836:
2606:
2553:
2505:
2128:
1599:
1354:
872:
736:
2326:
1988:
1754:
1664:
1449:
1304:
1254:
708:
650:
30:
2955:
2571:
2515:
2429:
2274:
1914:
1884:
1714:
1519:
1084:
977:
838:
also lists the sons and states that they "inhabit the lands which are between
797:
205:
82:
2885:
2852:
3096:
2917:
2739:
2581:
2576:
2566:
2508:
who is associated with Qedar and interpret this as a reference to Muhammad.
2367:
2359:
2259:
2214:
2184:
2109:
2094:
1499:
1469:
1314:
1074:
1014:
946:
839:
818:
793:
304:
197:
2988:
2912:(in Ancient Greek). Vol. Book 1: From creation to the death of Isaac.
2334:
244:
3025:
609:
Contributed to the ethnic and cultural diversity of the ancient Near East
3060:
2899:
2497:
2437:
2043:
1814:
1774:
1724:
1684:
1589:
1244:
1194:
1094:
835:
808:
434:
300:
217:
213:
209:
762:
Ishmael and Hagar were very thirsty, and Hagar ran between the hills of
2931:
2731:
2586:
2482:
2398:
2394:
2203:
2113:
2083:
2018:
1864:
1854:
1834:
1794:
1704:
1639:
1429:
1044:
942:
843:
724:
675: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
480:
404:
366:
335:
262:
162:
72:
2935:
2944:(in Aramaic) – via Newsletter for Targumic and Cognate Studies.
2486:
2459:
2402:
2338:
2333:"Ancient Arabs", tribes that had vanished or been destroyed, such as
2278:
2158:
2014:
1024:
728:
444:
312:
308:
501:
Comparing aspects of the descendants of Ishmael and Israel (Jacob):
347:, Genesis 25 would have been added during the Persian Period by the
3135:
Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature
2904:"ch. 12: Of Ishmael, Abraham's son; and of the Arabians' posterity"
805:
And after the death of Abraham, Ishmael reigned twenty-seven years;
612:
Played a significant role in shaping biblical history and theology
2811:
2481:
Muslims believe that the first person to speak Arabic clearly was
2433:
2390:
2363:
2342:
2248:
2003:
1973:
954:
822:
756:
752:
748:
720:
702:
439:
373:
274:
266:
243:
186:
182:
166:
158:
142:
56:
2349:
2143:
930:
814:
568:
Descendants of Abraham through Sarah and other wives/concubines
554:
Played various roles including traders, allies, and adversaries
60:
579:
Settled in the Promised Land of Canaan (later known as Israel)
644:
2348:"Pure Arabs" of South Arabia, descending from Qahtan son of
601:
Genesis 35:22-26; Various genealogies throughout the Bible
189:. These traditions are accepted by both Islam and Judaism.
204:. Some Abrahamic scholars described the historic tribe of
2642:
2640:
2638:
2609:
to the third century BCE, but A.D. Crown writes that its
2381:) of central, western, and North Arabia, descending from
755:
in Mecca) in order, O our Lord, that they may perform As-
141:'sons of Ishmael') were a collection of various
2432:(1301–1373) writes (translated): "All the Arabs of the
2362:(Qahtanis) are said to have migrated from the land of
181:
were descended from Abraham and his wife Sarah's son,
3114:( ed.). Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans.
576:
Inhabited regions primarily in the Arabian Peninsula
200:
as a tribe descended from the second son of Ishmael,
2968:(in Geez) – via Internet Sacred Texts Archive.
2353:
129:
109:
78:
67:
51:
43:
21:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
535:Twelve sons (from different wives and concubines)
3288:. Vol. 1. University of Arkansas Press, 2000, 50
3045:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 51, 52.
2613:resembles more the language used by the scholar
953:from 9th to 6th century BC, mention the king of
2686:
2684:
2443:
802:
295:
287:
279:
3177:
3175:
2730:Frevel, Christian. History of Ancient Israel.
813:And for thirty years after his death from the
811:ruled for one year in the lifetime of Ishmael;
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
2306:
8:
3275:al-Mousawi in Boudreau et al., 1998, p. 219.
3020:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
2673:
3286:A Muslim Primer: Beginner's Guide to Islam
3001:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2313:
2299:
987:
353:
29:
3256:"The Ka'abah And The Abrahamic Tradition"
3095:Assyrian records document Ishmaelites as
2831:
2829:
691:Learn how and when to remove this message
227:inscriptions refer to the Ishmaelites as
3132:McClintock, John; Strong, James (1894).
503:
2845:The Asatir: the Samaritan book of Moses
2634:
2598:
990:
598:Genesis 25:12-18; 1 Chronicles 1:29-31
2994:
2650:Magnes Press, Hebrew University, 1984.
18:
16:Abrahamic tradition of tribal identity
587:Not explicitly depicted in the Bible
565:Descendants of Abraham through Hagar
430:
428:
426:
416:
414:
412:
403:
401:
399:
389:
387:
385:
372:
365:
7:
3158:. London: Routledge. pp. 92–3.
2956:"ch. 83: Concerning the King of the
991:Historical Arab states and dynasties
876:says "And therefore the children of
673:adding citations to reliable sources
2471:
2463:
2412:(676–743 AD) wrote that his father
119:
99:
2742:. 2023. p. 37. ISBN 9781628375138.
14:
3042:Ancient Records from North Arabia
2847:. London: Royal Asiatic Society.
2801:(PhD thesis). Harvard University.
2720:(PhD thesis). Harvard University.
2366:following the destruction of the
2329:divided Arabs into three groups:
938:Historical records using the term
617:Inheritance of Covenant Promises
55:Northern Arabia, Western Arabia (
3337:Ancient peoples of the Near East
2868:A companion to Samaritan studies
2546:
2532:
2518:
1412:Western dynasties and caliphates
996:
649:
3228:Alfonso, 2007, p. 137, note 36.
2678:Harrassowitz, 1985. 1–5, 81–91.
2393:. Such as the ancient tribe of
846:, the name of which country is
660:needs additional citations for
606:Impact on History and Theology
3254:Ali, Mohar (15 October 2005).
2397:, or the modern-day tribes of
984:Arabic genealogical traditions
513:Descendants of Israel (Jacob)
293:Chapter 25 lists his sons as:
1:
3192:"'Arabia' in Ancient History"
3080:Muhammad and the Golden Bough
2485:: "Isma'il grew up among the
2414:Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
3110:Hamilton, Victor P. (1990).
3083:. Indiana University Press.
2605:This text has been dated by
928:, for they were the seed of
35:Map of Ishmaelite tribes in
3302:NET Bible Under Ishmaelites
2870:. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr.
2797:Noble, John Travis (2013).
2716:Noble, John Travis (2013).
2354:
1132:Arab empires and caliphates
723:, "Allah has gifted all of
551:Role in Biblical Narrative
130:
110:
3378:
3181:Wheeler, 2002, p. 110-111.
2936:"Section V. Chaiyey Sarah"
2866:Crown, Alan David (1993).
951:North Arabian inscriptions
830:
3244:Shahîd, 1989, p. 335-336.
2341:, often mentioned in the
961:, in column vii line 96.
420:
418:
393:
391:
370:
28:
3362:Iron Age peoples of Asia
3342:Semitic-speaking peoples
2492:In accounts tracing the
1440:Umayyad state of Córdoba
807:And all the children of
634:Twelve tribes of Israel
265:'s first wife was named
3219:Alexander, 1847, p. 67.
2909:Antiquities of the Jews
2900:Josephus, Titus Flavius
2389:through his descendant
949:royal inscriptions and
573:Geographical Influence
524:Jacob (renamed Israel)
510:Descendants of Ishmael
216:either to Kedar, or to
179:Twelve Tribes of Israel
3155:Arabia Before Muhammad
3150:O'Leary, De Lacy Evans
2981:Assyriesche Lesestuche
2674:
2456:
2377:The "Arabized Arabs" (
828:
716:
595:Genealogical Listings
584:Relationship with God
562:Covenant Relationship
357:Family of Ishmaelites
345:documentary hypothesis
341:
291:
283:
249:
3357:Former confederations
2470:) and Qedar (Arabic:
2030:Sultanate of Zanzibar
1945:Mutawakkilite Kingdom
831:Josephus' Antiquities
713:Great Mosque of Mecca
706:
247:
147:tribal confederations
3352:Hebrew Bible nations
3077:Stetkevychc (2000).
3018:Arabia and the Bible
2621:in the 11th century.
2562:History of the Arabs
2494:ancestry of Muhammad
959:Sennacherib's Annals
779:to finish the roof.
669:improve this article
248:The Qedarite Kingdom
3112:The book of Genesis
3016:Montgomery (1934).
2979:Delitzsche (1912).
2672:Knauf, Ernst Axel.
2540:Saudi Arabia portal
2500:(and from there to
2436:are descendants of
2422:Hisham ibn al-Kalbi
2410:Abu Ja'far al-Baqir
1007:Ancient Arab states
518:Founding Patriarch
233:Neo-Assyrian Empire
161:, the first son of
59:), Central Arabia (
3322:Muslim communities
2786:King James Version
2771:King James Version
2756:King James Version
2416:informed him that
2072:Current monarchies
1735:Sharifate of Mecca
1205:Emirate of Tbilisi
1195:Emirate of Armenia
1045:Kingdom of Osroene
880:became kings over
717:
631:Ishmaelite tribes
250:
208:as descendants of
185:, via Isaac's son
37:Pre-Islamic Arabia
2448:Arabian Peninsula
2426:Jamharat al-Nasab
2385:the elder son of
2323:
2322:
2288:
2287:
2063:
2062:
2055:Tippu Tip's State
1953:
1952:
1925:Emirate of Beihan
1657:Arabian Peninsula
1648:
1647:
1403:
1402:
1187:Eastern dynasties
1178:
1177:
1123:
1122:
1035:Nabataean Kingdom
1025:Kingdom of Lihyan
870:The 14th century
821:; and they built
719:According to the
707:The semicircular
701:
700:
693:
641:Islamic narrative
638:
637:
628:Tribal Structure
540:Promised Destiny
498:
497:
494:
493:
343:According to the
257:According to the
172:According to the
165:and the Egyptian
157:according to the
140:
128:
120:بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيل
108:
88:
87:
71:Firstborn son of
24:بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيل
3369:
3332:Tribes of Arabia
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3251:
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3242:
3229:
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3208:
3207:
3198:. Archived from
3196:Centre for Sinai
3188:
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2794:
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2782:Genesis 25:13–15
2779:
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2758:
2749:
2743:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2713:
2696:
2695:
2688:
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2646:Eph'al, Israel.
2644:
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2542:
2537:
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2075:
2040:Nabahani dynasty
1985:Nabahani dynasty
1970:Makhzumi dynasty
1966:
1965:
1661:
1660:
1416:
1415:
1215:Emirate of Crete
1191:
1190:
1136:
1135:
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1065:Kingdom of Hatra
1015:Kingdom of Qedar
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788:Samaritan Asaṭīr
783:Other traditions
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317:And Mishma, and
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240:Jewish narrative
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1895:Muscat and Oman
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349:Priestly source
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3202:on 2008-11-19
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3099:and as Arabs
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2752:Genesis 16:3
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2607:Moses Gaster
2601:
2554:islam portal
2491:
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2378:
2371:
2327:genealogists
2324:
2284:1921–present
2269:1900–present
2254:1868–present
2239:1833–present
2224:1810–present
2209:1783–present
2194:1775–present
2179:1761–present
2164:1752–present
2149:1749–present
2134:1744–present
2129:Saudi Arabia
2119:1727–present
2104:1727–present
2089:1631–present
1099:300s–500s AD
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667:Please help
662:verification
659:
532:Twelve sons
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253:Hebrew Bible
228:
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194:1 Chronicles
192:Genesis and
191:
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131:Banī Ismā'īl
91:
89:
3317:Ishmaelites
2983:. Leipzig.
2958:Ishmaelites
2452:pre-Islamic
2379:mustaʿribah
2372:sadd Ma'rib
1989:Pate Island
1962:East Africa
1755:Sulaymanids
1695:Ukhaidhirds
1480:Sulaymanids
1450:Muhallabids
1355:Munqidhites
1255:Shirvanshah
1109:300s–602 AD
1079:196–1100 AD
1069:100s–241 AD
888:, and over
884:, and over
777:small stone
709:Hijr Ismail
236:centuries.
111:Yīšməʿēʾlīm
92:Ishmaelites
22:Ishmaelites
3311:Categories
3206:2009-04-16
3120:0802823092
3090:0253332087
2629:References
2572:Israelites
2430:Ibn Kathir
2360:Qahtanites
2275:Hashemites
2230:Al Maktoum
2200:Al Khalifa
1885:Upper Yafa
1875:Ya'arubids
1715:Qarmatians
1600:Sumadihids
1089:220–638 AD
1085:Ghassanids
978:Nabataeans
947:Babylonian
681:March 2022
225:Babylonian
206:Nabataeans
83:Old Arabic
3347:Ethnonyms
3261:15 August
3152:(2000) .
3138:. Harper.
3097:Qedarites
2997:cite book
2886:611644250
2853:540827714
2740:SBL Press
2582:Muhajirun
2577:Magarites
2567:Hagarenes
2460:eponymous
2368:Marib Dam
2260:Al Sharqi
2215:Al Nuaimi
2185:Al Mualla
2174:Abu Dhabi
2170:Al Nahyan
2110:Al Qasimi
2095:Al Qasimi
2059:1860–1887
2049:1858–1895
2034:1856–1964
2024:1746–1828
2009:1277–1495
1994:1203–1894
1949:1926–1970
1939:1906–1934
1929:1903–1967
1919:1858–1967
1915:Qu'aitids
1909:1836–1921
1905:Rashidids
1899:1820–1970
1889:1800–1967
1879:1624–1742
1869:1597–1872
1859:1463–1521
1849:1454–1526
1839:1395–1967
1835:Kathirids
1829:1305–1487
1825:Jarwanids
1819:1253–1320
1809:1229–1454
1799:1159–1174
1789:1154–1624
1785:Nabhanids
1779:1083–1174
1769:1076–1253
1759:1063–1174
1749:1047–1138
1745:Sulayhids
1644:1837–1969
1640:Senussids
1634:1554–1659
1624:1230–1492
1614:1049–1078
1604:1041–1091
1594:1039–1110
1584:1031–1091
1580:Jawharids
1574:1027–1063
1570:Muzaynids
1564:1026–1057
1560:Hammudids
1554:1023–1062
1550:Yahsubids
1544:1023–1091
1534:1020–1086
1524:1013–1039
1514:1012–1051
1504:1004–1412
1470:Aghlabids
1399:1697–1842
1389:1517–1865
1379:1480–1677
1369:1517–1697
1359:1025–1157
1349:1024–1080
1345:Mirdasids
1335:Numayrids
1315:Jarrahids
1305:Mazyadids
1285:Hamdanids
1275:Hashimids
1235:Habbarids
1225:Dulafids
1075:Tanukhids
840:Euphrates
819:Euphrates
794:Samaritan
334:, Jetur,
198:Qedarites
125:romanized
105:romanized
44:Ethnicity
2918:70357552
2902:(1683).
2839:(1927).
2615:Ab Hisda
2512:See also
2496:back to
2438:Nebaioth
2418:Muhammad
2264:Fujairah
2245:Al Thani
2155:Al Sabah
2044:Wituland
1979:896–1279
1935:Idrisids
1865:Qasimids
1845:Tahirids
1815:Usfurids
1805:Rasulids
1775:Zurayids
1739:968–1925
1725:Wajihids
1719:899–1077
1709:897–1962
1699:865–1066
1685:Yufirids
1679:819–1138
1675:Ziyadids
1669:751–1970
1610:Tahirids
1540:Abbadids
1520:Tujibids
1494:831–1091
1460:Idrisids
1444:756–1031
1424:710–1019
1420:Salihids
1385:Harfushs
1375:Turabays
1339:990–1081
1329:990–1096
1325:Uqaylids
1319:970–1107
1309:961–1150
1299:955–1071
1295:Rawadids
1289:890–1004
1279:869–1075
1259:861–1538
1245:Kaysites
1239:854–1011
1209:736–1122
1174:909–1171
1170:Fatimids
1164:750–1258
1160:Abbasids
1150:Umayyads
1140:Rashidun
1105:Lakhmids
1095:Salihids
943:Assyrian
918:Arsîbânâ
848:Nabathæa
842:and the
836:Josephus
521:Ishmael
435:Nebaioth
301:Nebaioth
271:Egyptian
269:and her
229:Sumu'ilu
218:Nebaioth
214:Muhammad
210:Nebaioth
145:tribes,
79:Language
52:Location
3327:Abraham
2989:2008786
2932:Onkelos
2736:Georgia
2732:Atlanta
2611:Aramaic
2587:Saracen
2483:Ishmael
2399:Otaibah
2395:Hawazin
2387:Abraham
2383:Ishmael
2204:Bahrain
2140:Al Said
2125:Al Saud
2114:Sharjah
2084:Morocco
2080:'Alawis
2019:Mombasa
1855:Jabrids
1795:Mahdids
1765:Uyunids
1729:926–965
1705:Rassids
1689:847–997
1630:Saadids
1620:Nasrids
1530:Amirids
1510:Bakrids
1500:Kanzids
1484:814–922
1474:800–909
1464:788–974
1454:771–793
1434:745-757
1395:Shihabs
1365:Ma'nids
1269:864–928
1265:Alavids
1249:860–964
1229:840–897
1219:824–961
1199:654–884
1154:661–750
1144:632–661
916:, and '
914:Fînḳânâ
898:Kuergue
878:Ishmael
844:Red Sea
741:Ibrahim
725:Ishmael
507:Aspect
485:Kedemah
481:Naphish
405:Ishmael
367:Abraham
336:Naphish
263:Abraham
163:Abraham
155:prophet
151:Ishmael
139:
127::
107::
73:Abraham
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3024:
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2487:Jurhum
2476:Qaydār
2403:Mutayr
2339:Thamud
2279:Jordan
2159:Kuwait
1590:Hudids
926:Mase'a
924:, and
920:, and
912:, and
908:, and
904:, and
900:, and
896:, and
892:, and
809:Nebaot
800:adds:
798:Asaṭīr
729:Alyasa
454:Mishma
450:Mibsam
445:Adbeel
330:, and
321:, and
313:Mibsam
311:, and
309:Adbeel
307:, and
303:; and
116:Arabic
96:Hebrew
3061:79767
2812:Quran
2593:Notes
2498:Ma'ad
2472:قيدار
2468:Nabīt
2434:Hejaz
2391:Adnan
2364:Yemen
2355:ʿĀbir
2343:Quran
2249:Qatar
2234:Dubai
2219:Ajman
2004:Kilwa
1974:Shewa
955:Qedar
910:Môrnâ
886:Kebet
882:Tereb
823:Mecca
796:book
757:Ṣalāt
753:Kaaba
749:Mecca
745:Hajar
733:Yunus
721:Quran
477:Jetur
468:Hadar
463:Massa
458:Dumah
440:Kedar
374:Hagar
328:Hadar
323:Massa
319:Dumah
305:Kedar
275:Hagar
267:Sarah
202:Kedar
187:Jacob
183:Isaac
167:Hagar
159:Quran
57:Hejaz
47:Arabs
3263:2015
3160:ISBN
3116:ISBN
3085:ISBN
3057:OCLC
3047:ISBN
3022:OCLC
3003:link
2985:OCLC
2914:OCLC
2882:OCLC
2872:ISBN
2849:OCLC
2816:6:86
2619:Tyre
2502:Adam
2464:نبيت
2401:and
2350:Eber
2337:and
2144:Oman
966:Duma
945:and
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922:Lîbâ
906:Mâkâ
902:Kîfî
894:Sôba
890:Nôbâ
858:The
792:The
773:Adam
743:and
735:and
473:Tema
332:Tema
153:, a
143:Arab
137:lit.
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2335:ʿĀd
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