3407:
82:
534:
3418:
50:
492:
322:
565:
walls, are designed to protect against the harsh
Batanes environment, which is known as a terminal passage of typhoons in the Philippines. The basic cogon grass is still preserved as roofs of their houses, thickly constructed to withstand strong winds. These houses are comparable to the white houses
511:
Traditionally, because of frequent typhoons and drought, they plant root crops able to cope with the environment. These crops include yam, sweet potato, taro, garlic, ginger, and onion, as they ensure higher chances of survival during awry climate conditions. The Ivatan study the behavior of animals,
461:
in addition to their native language. However, Ivatan language has been endangered especially among newer generation of
Ivatans born in Mindanao due to assimilation to the Cebuano-speaking majority, with Cebuano is their main language with varying fluency in their ancestors' native language or none
295:
The archaeological assemblages of
Batanes can be divided into four distinct phases, with minor variation between islands. Phase 1 (2500 to 1000 BCE), is characterized by red-slipped and fine cord-marked pottery similar to the pottery assemblages of prehistoric Taiwan. Phase 2 (1300 BCE to 1 CE), is
677:
ji P'Supwan Añitu: good place spirit Añitus who became friends and allies of a mortal woman named Carmen Acido; sometimes taking in the form of dogs, they aided her and guided her in many of her tasks until her death from old age; despite their kindness towards Carmen, most people avoided the farm
664:
Añitu between
Chavidug and Chavayan: place spirit Añitus who were reported to create sounds when the gorge between Chavidug and Chavayan were being created through dynamite explosions; believed to have shifted their residences after the construction of the
1328:
333:. In 1786, Ivatans were forced to resettle in the lowlands of Batanes. The Ivatans lived under Spanish rule for 115 years and gained their independence on September 18, 1898. However, June 6 is celebrated in Batanes as its founding day.
507:
The Ivatan's culture has been largely influenced by the climate of
Batanes. Due to severe climatic disruptions to their agriculture, Ivatans have developed numerous successful strategies to protect their food supply and way of life.
684:
Cairn-dwelling Añitu: place spirit Añitus who lived in cairns and put a curse towards a man who destroyed their home; appearing as humans, the shaman Balaw conversed with them to right the wrong made by the man against their
561:. These homes were small, well-situated, and designed to protect against strong winds. The Spaniards introduced large-scale production of lime to the Ivatan for the construction of their now-famous stone houses. Meter-thick
688:
Mayuray Añitu: a wandering Añitu who expanded and was filled with darkness; encountered by a young boy who the spirit did not harm; referred to as a kapri, Añitus who walk around and grow as tall as the height for their
521:
The sea is vital to the Ivatan's way of life. They depend on the flying fish (dibang) and dolphinfish (arayu) present on the shores of
Batanes in the months of March through May. They have a native delicacy called
1400:
216:
The culture of the
Ivatans is partly influenced by the environmental condition of Batanes. Unlike the old-type nipa huts common in the Philippines, Ivatans have adopted their now-famous stone houses made of
300:
sourced from Taiwan. Phase 3 (500 BC/1 CE to 1200 CE), is characterized by plain red-slipped pottery. Phase 4 (c. 1200 CE onwards), is characterized by imported pottery, indicating trade contacts with the
1750:
1058:
Paths of
Origins: The Austronesian Heritage in the Collections of the National Museum of the Philippines, the Museum Nasional Indonesia, and the Netherlands Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde
1055:
Bellwood, Peter; Hung, Hsiao-Chun; Itzuka, Yoshiyuki (2011). "Taiwan Jade in the
Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction". In Benitez-Johannot, Purissima (ed.).
668:
Rirryaw Añitu: place spirit Añitus who played music and sang inside a cave in
Sabtang, while lighting up the fire; believed to have change residences after they were disturbed by a man
1056:
681:
Mayavusay Añitu: place spirit Añitus living in a parcel of land in Mayavusay; sometimes take in the form of piglets, and can return cut vegetation parts into the mother vegetation
341:
In 1990, the population of the Ivatans was 15,026, an increase of 24% over the 1980 population of 12,091. These were distributed to the six municipalities, with 38% residing in
1612:
1408:
3356:
3221:
2910:
2681:
512:
sky color, wind, and clouds to predict the weather. Ivatans usually gather their animals and stay in their houses when they see that the cows take shelter from the
243:
A 2011 genetic study has concluded that it is likely that the Batanes Islands were initially only used as "stepping stones" during the early stages of the maritime
2999:
2987:
1743:
671:
ji Rahet Añitu: a grinning place spirit Añitu who lived in an old tree; a man later cut the tree and found an earthen pot believed to have been owned by the Añitu
2552:
2744:
646:
Supreme Being: referred to as Mayo, in one account; probably regarded as remote as fear and meticulous ritual care are often related instead towards the Añitu
2749:
2443:
3241:
2814:
2707:
2671:
1483:
Bellwood, Peter; Dizon, Eusebio (2013). "The Batanes Islands, Their First Observers, and Previous Archaeology". In Bellwood, Peter; Dizon, Eusebio (eds.).
2547:
2542:
2527:
2522:
2787:
2649:
2514:
3442:
2955:
2654:
1736:
2782:
296:
characterized by circle-stamped and red-slipped pottery that later also developed rectangular and "fishnet" designs. Phase 2 also features Fengtian
1581:
3231:
3072:
2661:
1251:
634:
1558:
2905:
2612:
2534:
2365:
661:
Añitu: refers to the souls of the dead, place spirits, and wandering invisibles not identified nor tied down to any particular locale or thing
3236:
3094:
2970:
2585:
2401:
2304:
1780:
1004:
Hung, H.-C.; Iizuka, Y.; Bellwood, P.; Nguyen, K. D.; Bellina, B.; Silapanth, P.; Dizon, E.; Santiago, R.; Datan, I.; Manton, J. H. (2007).
894:
3293:
3276:
3128:
3111:
2975:
2722:
2644:
2491:
2396:
1167:
466:
1094:
968:
3308:
3065:
3018:
2831:
2775:
2486:
2481:
2391:
3271:
3116:
2632:
2350:
136:
3077:
2994:
2666:
2622:
2600:
1502:
1441:
1383:
1229:
1150:
1069:
988:
445:
of northern Luzon), Tagalog, and English languages. Ivatan residents of Mindanao and their descendants are also fluent speakers of
1622:
658:
The Giver: the entity who provides all things; the souls of the upper-class travel to the beings' abode in heaven and become stars
3089:
3082:
2940:
2935:
2826:
2639:
2627:
2436:
1759:
1458:
1287:
480:
381:
182:
692:
Dayanak Añitu: a type of very small Añitu with red eyes and gold ornaments; accepting their gold ornaments will cause misfortune
3452:
3397:
3326:
3201:
3153:
3050:
2945:
2843:
2727:
2712:
2580:
132:
566:
in New Zealand, Ireland, and the Scottish Highlands. Pre-colonial Ivatans also constructed fortified hills protected by sheer
3123:
2925:
2900:
2732:
2501:
2476:
2330:
2277:
413:
844:"Genetic affinities between the Yami tribe people of Orchid Island and the Philippine Islanders of the Batanes archipelago"
674:
Nuvwan Añitu: good place spirit Añitus who saved a woman from a falling tree; they are offered rituals through the vivyayin
518:(communal pasture) and birds taking refuge in houses or in the ground. A pink sky with an orange hue also heralds a storm.
3346:
3251:
3040:
3035:
2759:
2617:
2509:
2299:
3173:
3168:
3138:
3101:
3060:
3004:
2821:
2797:
2717:
2568:
2294:
3457:
3163:
3158:
3030:
2965:
2920:
2804:
2695:
2676:
2605:
2429:
2360:
2335:
1431:
1373:
817:
1263:
1193:
3392:
3193:
3148:
3055:
2982:
2888:
2792:
2770:
2595:
2590:
2461:
2386:
2345:
2340:
2235:
2202:
3288:
3211:
3106:
2960:
2930:
2915:
2809:
1617:
3266:
3256:
3226:
3178:
3143:
3045:
2355:
1252:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372483339_Islandness_in_the_Province_The_Language_of_a_Migrated_Ivatan
3331:
3206:
2863:
1702:
567:
258:
Archaeological excavations also reveal that the islands were part of the extensive trade in jade artifacts (
238:
1485:
4000 Years of Migration and Cultural Exchange: The Archaeology of the Batanes Islands, Northern Philippines
970:
4000 Years of Migration and Cultural Exchange: The Archaeology of the Batanes Islands, Northern Philippines
3361:
2870:
2739:
1967:
1650:
1527:
244:
142:
3246:
1589:
428:
1264:"Ivatan People of the Philippines: History, Customs, Culture and Traditions [Batanes Islands]"
1194:"Ivatan People of the Philippines: History, Customs, Culture and Traditions [Batanes Islands]"
608:
are ancient lyrical songs that are supposed to be sung when they are merry or just finished work. The
3421:
3261:
2848:
2836:
1566:
937:
234:
179:
166:
158:
655:
used to catch flying fishes called dibang, which are in turn used to catch the summertime fish arayu
3371:
3283:
1851:
842:
Loo, Jun-Hun; Trejaut, Jean A; Yen, Ju-Chen; Chen, Zong-Sian; Lee, Chien-Liang; Lin, Marie (2011).
558:
550:
450:
330:
3411:
3133:
2230:
2225:
2217:
2005:
1861:
1846:
1714:
1662:
1539:
1508:
1171:
733:
458:
248:
120:
1102:
3351:
1990:
1962:
1914:
1856:
1498:
1437:
1379:
1288:
https://www.asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-10-01-1972/hooker%20cohesion%20in%20ivatan.pdf
1225:
1146:
1065:
1037:
984:
875:
780:
748:
625:, chants that chronicle the adventures of the Ivatan's forefathers as they escape a disaster.
586:
470:
284:. The Ivatan also maintained close trade relationships and intermarried with the neighboring
3447:
3321:
3216:
2406:
2320:
2088:
2020:
1957:
1924:
1488:
1352:
1027:
1017:
974:
865:
855:
446:
354:
350:
346:
116:
112:
3341:
3336:
3316:
3298:
2950:
2858:
2853:
2325:
2174:
2058:
1947:
1899:
1894:
1805:
1142:
773:
753:
703:
424:
358:
190:
108:
541:
Ivatan house, one of the oldest structures in the Batanes islands. The house is made of
2381:
2151:
2141:
2083:
2010:
1952:
1919:
1904:
1889:
1871:
1831:
1821:
1816:
1032:
1005:
870:
843:
768:
738:
728:
718:
533:
373:
362:
342:
198:
162:
368:
Ivatans can be found in almost every part of the country as a minority, especially in
3436:
2245:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2050:
2000:
1995:
1909:
1866:
1826:
743:
723:
441:
409:
385:
289:
206:
2156:
2111:
2093:
2078:
2025:
1929:
1728:
785:
500:
454:
389:
369:
306:
302:
365:. In the 2000 census, 15,834 Ivatans were among the 16,421 population in Batanes.
1219:
1135:
2452:
2192:
1977:
797:
585:
is a headgear designed to protect the wearer from sun and rain. It is made from
194:
87:
49:
2197:
2015:
1985:
713:
469:, like the rest of the country, although some have not converted and practice
393:
285:
260:
202:
154:
1512:
1493:
557:
Before Spaniards arrived in the Philippines, Ivatans built their houses from
1770:
1022:
860:
562:
542:
222:
1041:
879:
439:, and possibly Yami. The Ivatans widely speak and understand the Ilocano (
979:
491:
2263:
2255:
2240:
1939:
1881:
1810:
1006:"Ancient Jades Map 3,000 Years of Prehistoric Exchange in Southeast Asia"
763:
405:
401:
297:
1718:
1666:
1543:
251:(c. 3000 BCE). It was later re-colonized by Austronesians from northern
2421:
2207:
2184:
2166:
2146:
2126:
1433:
The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture and Community
758:
708:
397:
377:
321:
273:
269:
186:
94:
17:
1357:
1299:
818:"Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)"
2136:
1836:
895:"Taiwan's 'Rock Star' Tribal Folk Share Same Ancestry with Filipinos"
281:
265:
255:
at around 1200 BCE, which became the ancestors of the Ivatan people.
210:
1375:
Cultures of Disaster: Society and Natural Hazards in the Philippines
3366:
3183:
2131:
2121:
2116:
2103:
1797:
1775:
792:
571:
546:
532:
475:
320:
310:
277:
252:
218:
201:, but also share close linguistic and cultural affinities to the
197:. They are genetically closely related to other ethnic groups in
483:
denominations especially in Basco, the capital town of Batanes.
2425:
1732:
1588:. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Archived from
1401:"Ivatan of Batanes Share Secrets of Survival in Typhoon Belt"
526:(the pith of the banana stalk) which is served with the wine
1327:
Madulid, Domingo A.; Agoo, Esperanza Maribel G. (2009).
499:, a headgear for sunlight and rain protection made from
1166:
Philippine National Statistics Office (July 10, 2002).
1651:"Death and After Death: Ivatan Beliefs and Pracices"
650:
620:
513:
329:
On June 26, 1783, Batanes was incorporated into the
3307:
3192:
3017:
2887:
2758:
2694:
2567:
2500:
2469:
2460:
2374:
2313:
2287:
2276:
2254:
2216:
2183:
2165:
2102:
2049:
2042:
1976:
1938:
1880:
1796:
1789:
1459:"Ivatan Joins Dinagyang to Promote Batanes Tourism"
225:, designed to protect against the hostile climate.
148:
126:
102:
72:
59:
40:
1134:
577:One of the endemic clothing of the Ivatans is the
1528:"Archaeological Explorations in Batanes Province"
962:
960:
958:
1696:
449:(majority language of large parts of Mindanao),
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1613:"'Tatayak' Making Keeps Ivatan Seafarers Alive"
1010:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1322:
1320:
1168:"Population in Batanes Showed an Upward Swing"
967:Bellwood, Peter; Dizon, Eusebio, eds. (2013).
2437:
1744:
1436:. The World Conservation Union. p. 103.
592:The Ivatans have three folk song styles: the
8:
1703:"The World and the Ways of the Ivatan Añitu"
1563:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
1526:Dizon, Eusebio Z.; Santiago, Rey A. (1996).
942:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
35:
649:Mayo: a fisherfolk hero who introduced the
3189:
3023:
2893:
2755:
2700:
2573:
2466:
2444:
2430:
2422:
2284:
2046:
1973:
1793:
1751:
1737:
1729:
1457:Calubiran, Maricar M. (January 16, 2008).
1399:Trinidad-Echavez, Andrea (June 29, 2008).
1329:"Notes on The Economic Plants of Batanes:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
34:
1492:
1356:
1099:National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
1031:
1021:
978:
869:
859:
1345:Bulletin of National Museum of Ethnology
1300:"Ivatan Language of the Batanes Islands"
615:The Ivatan have legends that are called
530:, on festive occasions such as weddings.
490:
431:, the Ivatan has two dialects including
419:The mother tongue of the Ivatans is the
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
809:
635:List of Philippine mythological figures
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1611:Espiritu, E. V. (September 6, 2007).
1224:. University of Hawaii. p. 213.
837:
835:
7:
1586:Glimpses: Peoples of the Philippines
1430:Brown, Jessica; et al. (2005).
73:Regions with significant populations
893:Quismundo, Tarra (April 6, 2015).
27:Austronesian ethnolinguistic group
25:
820:. Philippine Statistics Authority
3443:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
3417:
3416:
3405:
1760:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
1378:. RoutledgeCurzon. p. 165.
382:Cordillera Administrative Region
80:
48:
1701:Hornedo, Florentino H. (1980).
1649:Hornedo, Florentino H. (1994).
1218:Galvez Rubino, Carl R. (2000).
1170:(Press release). Archived from
459:indigenous Mindanaoan languages
1221:Ilocano Dictionary and Grammar
325:An Ivatan man fresh from work.
264:), a network that extended to
1:
1559:"Early Philippine Literature"
1487:. ANU E Press. pp. 1–8.
479:. However, there are growing
2911:Business process outsourcing
651:
621:
514:
3474:
1557:Quindoza-Santiago, Lilia.
632:
629:Indigenous Ivatan religion
495:An Ivatan woman wearing a
232:
3388:
3026:
2896:
2703:
2576:
1766:
1618:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1141:. Lonely Planet. p.
423:but is commonly known as
153:
131:
107:
77:
64:
47:
2815:House of Representatives
2708:Administrative divisions
1494:10.22459/TA40.12.2013.01
1133:Rowthorn, Chris (2003).
465:Today, most Ivatans are
1023:10.1073/pnas.0707304104
861:10.1186/1471-2156-12-21
453:(main lingua franca of
239:Philippine jade culture
54:An elderly Ivatan woman
3453:Ethnic groups in Luzon
3412:Philippines portal
2956:Science and technology
1372:Bankoff, Greg (2002).
554:
504:
326:
245:Austronesian expansion
3367:Sport and martial art
2783:Executive departments
1569:on November 15, 2007.
980:10.22459/TA40.12.2013
938:"The Batanes Islands"
612:is sung during work.
536:
494:
429:Austronesian language
324:
247:from Taiwan into the
183:ethnolinguistic group
149:Related ethnic groups
3232:Fashion and clothing
3073:Environmental issues
3000:Water and sanitation
2837:Regional Trial Court
2682:World Heritage Sites
936:Datar, Francisco A.
235:Austronesian peoples
193:of the northernmost
167:Austronesian peoples
159:Taiwanese aborigines
3222:Cultural properties
2988:Tourist attractions
2535:Japanese occupation
1592:on January 21, 2008
1016:(50): 19745–19750.
549:and its roofing of
376:(most specifically
331:Spanish East Indies
37:
3458:History of Batanes
3237:Historical markers
3095:Indigenous peoples
2971:Telecommunications
2745:Political families
2586:Biosphere reserves
1781:Indigenous peoples
1707:Philippine Studies
1655:Philippine Studies
1580:Peralta, Jesus T.
1532:Philippine Studies
734:Kapampangan people
555:
505:
327:
249:Philippine Islands
3430:
3429:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3294:Traditional games
3129:Income inequality
3112:Human trafficking
3013:
3012:
2976:Telephone numbers
2883:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2750:Political parties
2723:Foreign relations
2690:
2689:
2563:
2562:
2548:Marcos presidency
2539:Postcolonial era
2419:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2272:
2271:
2264:Suludnon/Tumandok
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
1625:on April 17, 2008
1358:10.15021/00003920
1335:Phoenix loureiroi
1105:on March 11, 2008
781:Hiligaynon people
749:Pangasinan people
471:ancestral worship
172:
171:
143:ancestral worship
137:Roman Catholicism
16:(Redirected from
3465:
3420:
3419:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3190:
3144:Overseas workers
3066:Higher education
3024:
2894:
2832:Court of Appeals
2788:Executive office
2756:
2701:
2574:
2515:Pre-colonial era
2467:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2423:
2285:
2047:
1974:
1794:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1730:
1723:
1722:
1698:
1671:
1670:
1646:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1621:. Archived from
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1582:"Ivatan/Itbayat"
1577:
1571:
1570:
1565:. Archived from
1554:
1548:
1547:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1496:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1411:on June 29, 2008
1407:. Archived from
1396:
1390:
1389:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1304:iloko.tripod.com
1296:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1260:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1174:on April 3, 2008
1163:
1157:
1156:
1140:
1130:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1101:. Archived from
1091:
1076:
1075:
1063:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1025:
1001:
995:
994:
982:
964:
953:
952:
950:
948:
933:
910:
909:
907:
905:
890:
884:
883:
873:
863:
839:
830:
829:
827:
825:
814:
654:
624:
619:. They have the
517:
421:Chirin nu Ibatan
404:particularly in
98:
90:
86:
84:
83:
60:Total population
52:
38:
21:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3406:
3404:
3376:
3303:
3272:Public holidays
3188:
3117:Sex trafficking
3009:
2875:
2793:Law enforcement
2754:
2686:
2650:Protected areas
2559:
2528:American period
2496:
2456:
2450:
2420:
2411:
2370:
2309:
2279:
2268:
2250:
2212:
2179:
2161:
2098:
2030:
1972:
1934:
1876:
1785:
1762:
1757:
1727:
1726:
1700:
1699:
1674:
1648:
1647:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1505:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1132:
1131:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1093:
1092:
1079:
1072:
1064:. ArtPostAsia.
1061:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1003:
1002:
998:
991:
973:. ANU E Press.
966:
965:
956:
946:
944:
935:
934:
913:
903:
901:
892:
891:
887:
841:
840:
833:
823:
821:
816:
815:
811:
806:
774:Boholano people
754:Bicolano people
704:Ivatan language
700:
695:
678:where they live
642:
637:
631:
489:
339:
319:
280:, and northern
241:
231:
191:Babuyan Islands
141:minority also,
140:
135:(predominantly
92:
91:
81:
79:
78:
55:
43:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3471:
3469:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3435:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3414:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3078:Climate change
3070:
3069:
3068:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2995:Transportation
2992:
2991:
2990:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2968:
2963:
2961:Stock exchange
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2764:
2762:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2655:National parks
2647:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2625:
2623:Extreme points
2620:
2615:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2601:Climate change
2593:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2553:Fifth Republic
2550:
2545:
2543:Third Republic
2537:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2523:Spanish period
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455: articles
2451:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2282:
2280:or expatriates
2274:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1724:
1672:
1661:(4): 509–527.
1636:
1603:
1572:
1549:
1538:(4): 479–499.
1518:
1503:
1475:
1463:The News Today
1449:
1442:
1422:
1391:
1384:
1364:
1351:(1): 191–205.
1316:
1291:
1280:
1268:yodisphere.com
1255:
1244:
1230:
1210:
1198:yodisphere.com
1185:
1158:
1151:
1116:
1077:
1070:
1047:
996:
989:
954:
911:
885:
831:
808:
807:
805:
802:
801:
800:
795:
790:
789:
788:
783:
778:
777:
776:
769:Cebuano people
764:Visayan people
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
739:Ilocano people
736:
731:
729:Tagalog people
726:
721:
719:Gaddang people
716:
711:
706:
699:
696:
694:
693:
690:
686:
682:
679:
675:
672:
669:
666:
662:
659:
656:
647:
643:
641:
638:
633:Main article:
630:
627:
488:
485:
457:) and various
374:Cagayan Valley
338:
335:
318:
315:
307:Yuan dynasties
230:
227:
199:Northern Luzon
185:native to the
170:
169:
151:
150:
146:
145:
129:
128:
124:
123:
105:
104:
100:
99:
75:
74:
70:
69:
62:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
41:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3470:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3423:
3415:
3413:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3362:Sign language
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3090:Ethnic groups
3088:
3084:
3083:Deforestation
3081:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:National debt
2939:
2937:
2936:Fiscal policy
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2827:Supreme Court
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2628:Island groups
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:Colonial era
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1513:j.ctt5hgz91.6
1510:
1506:
1504:9781925021288
1500:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1476:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1443:2-8317-0797-8
1439:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1423:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1385:0-7007-1761-7
1381:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1233:
1231:0-8248-2088-6
1227:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1211:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1152:1-74059-210-7
1148:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:9789719429203
1067:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
997:
992:
990:9781925021288
986:
981:
976:
972:
971:
963:
961:
959:
955:
943:
939:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
912:
900:
896:
889:
886:
881:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
853:
849:
845:
838:
836:
832:
819:
813:
810:
803:
799:
796:
794:
791:
787:
784:
782:
779:
775:
772:
771:
770:
767:
766:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
744:Igorot people
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
724:Ibanag people
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
697:
691:
687:
683:
680:
676:
673:
670:
667:
663:
660:
657:
653:
648:
645:
644:
639:
636:
628:
626:
623:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
575:
574:(or idjang).
573:
569:
564:
560:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
531:
529:
525:
519:
516:
509:
502:
498:
493:
486:
484:
482:
478:
477:
472:
468:
463:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:
442:lingua franca
438:
434:
430:
427:. A distinct
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
410:Lanao del Sur
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:Central Luzon
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
336:
334:
332:
323:
316:
314:
312:
308:
304:
299:
293:
291:
290:Orchid Island
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:
256:
254:
250:
246:
240:
236:
228:
226:
224:
220:
214:
212:
208:
207:Orchid Island
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
181:
177:
176:Ivatan people
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
144:
138:
134:
130:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
96:
89:
76:
71:
68:(2020 census)
67:
63:
58:
51:
46:
39:
36:Ivatan people
30:
19:
3398:Bibliography
3327:Coat of arms
3299:Value system
3202:Architecture
3154:Prostitution
3051:Demographics
2921:Central bank
2864:Marine Corps
2844:Armed Forces
2728:Human rights
2713:Constitution
2662:Ramsar sites
1968:Zamboangueño
1841:
1713:(1): 21–58.
1710:
1706:
1658:
1654:
1627:. Retrieved
1623:the original
1616:
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1590:the original
1585:
1575:
1567:the original
1562:
1552:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1484:
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1462:
1452:
1432:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1409:the original
1405:Inquirer.net
1404:
1394:
1374:
1367:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1333:Species and
1330:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:
1294:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1267:
1258:
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
1220:
1213:
1203:September 9,
1201:. Retrieved
1197:
1188:
1176:. Retrieved
1172:the original
1161:
1136:
1107:. Retrieved
1103:the original
1098:
1095:"The Ivatan"
1057:
1050:
1013:
1009:
999:
969:
945:. Retrieved
941:
902:. Retrieved
899:Inquirer.net
898:
888:
851:
848:BMC Genetics
847:
822:. Retrieved
812:
786:Waray people
689:surroundings
616:
614:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
591:
587:vuyavuy palm
582:
578:
576:
556:
539:Sinadumparan
538:
527:
523:
520:
510:
506:
501:vuyavuy palm
496:
474:
464:
455:Soccsksargen
440:
436:
432:
420:
418:
390:Metro Manila
370:Metro Manila
367:
340:
337:Demographics
328:
294:
259:
257:
242:
215:
180:Austronesian
175:
173:
133:Christianity
65:
32:Ethnic group
29:
3124:Immigration
2926:Child labor
2901:Agriculture
2871:Coast Guard
2805:Legislative
2740:Legal codes
2613:Earthquakes
2477:Archaeology
2453:Philippines
2278:Immigrants
2006:Maguindanao
1862:Romblomanon
1847:Kapampangan
1137:Philippines
798:Moro people
568:embankments
559:cogon grass
551:cogon grass
357:and 8% for
292:in Taiwan.
195:Philippines
88:Philippines
3437:Categories
3347:Great Seal
3284:Psychology
3247:Literature
3242:Inventions
3041:Corruption
3036:Censorship
2906:Automotive
2767:Executive
2760:Government
2618:Ecoregions
2510:Prehistory
2502:Chronology
2331:Indonesian
1991:Banguingui
1963:Surigaonon
1915:Hiligaynon
1857:Pangasinan
1309:January 7,
1273:January 7,
804:References
714:Tao people
481:Protestant
451:Hiligaynon
394:Calabarzon
286:Tao people
261:lingling-o
233:See also:
203:Tao people
155:Tao people
3277:Festivals
3262:Mythology
3174:Squatting
3169:Sexuality
3139:Languages
3061:Education
3005:ZIP codes
2849:Air Force
2798:President
2718:Elections
2672:Volcanoes
2645:Mountains
2569:Geography
2492:Political
2470:Overviews
2346:Malaysian
2300:Brazilian
2226:Agutaynen
2089:Kankanaey
1958:Sangirese
1925:Porohanon
1852:Masbateño
1813:(Ilongot)
1771:Filipinos
1468:April 17,
1339:Loureiroi
1178:April 17,
854:(1): 21.
640:Immortals
570:known as
563:limestone
543:limestone
473:to their
467:Catholics
437:Itbayáten
372:, nearby
353:, 11% in
349:, 12% in
345:, 23% in
223:limestone
103:Languages
3422:Category
3352:Language
3164:Religion
3159:Refugees
3102:Genetics
3031:Abortion
2966:Taxation
2822:Judicial
2696:Politics
2677:Wildlife
2606:Typhoons
2487:Military
2351:Nepalese
2336:Japanese
2295:American
2288:Americas
2256:Suludnon
2241:Tagbanua
2231:Palawano
2218:Palaweño
2175:Ratagnon
2122:Higaonon
2117:Bukidnon
2094:Tinguian
2059:Balangao
2043:Highland
1948:Butuanon
1940:Mindanao
1900:Capiznon
1895:Boholano
1811:Bugkalot
1806:Bicolano
1719:42632505
1667:42633468
1629:April 7,
1596:April 7,
1544:42634196
1237:April 6,
1109:April 7,
1042:18048347
947:April 6,
880:21281460
698:See also
600:and the
462:at all.
414:Cotabato
406:Bukidnon
402:Mindanao
298:nephrite
165:, other
163:Ilocanos
127:Religion
3448:Batanes
3393:Outline
3309:Symbols
3217:Cuisine
3194:Culture
3149:Poverty
3134:Kinship
3056:Divorce
3019:Society
2983:Tourism
2889:Economy
2771:Cabinet
2633:islands
2596:Climate
2591:Borders
2482:Economy
2462:History
2407:Spanish
2402:Russian
2382:English
2361:Iranian
2321:Chinese
2305:Mexican
2208:Mamanwa
2185:Negrito
2167:Mangyan
2152:Teduray
2147:Tasaday
2142:Subanon
2132:Mandaya
2127:Mamanwa
2084:Kalinga
2011:Maranao
1953:Kalagan
1920:Karay-a
1905:Cebuano
1890:Aklanon
1882:Visayas
1872:Tagalog
1832:Ilocano
1822:Gaddang
1817:Cuyunon
1790:Lowland
1415:July 1,
1033:2148369
904:May 11,
871:3044674
824:July 4,
759:Negrito
709:Batanes
665:passage
617:kabbata
610:kalusan
602:kalusan
589:fiber.
515:payaman
487:Culture
447:Cebuano
398:Palawan
378:Cagayan
355:Mahatao
351:Sabtang
347:Itbayat
317:History
274:Palawan
270:Vietnam
229:Origins
187:Batanes
178:are an
121:English
117:Tagalog
113:Ilocano
95:Batanes
18:Ivatans
3337:Flower
3317:Anthem
3289:Sports
3212:Cinema
3107:Health
2931:Energy
2916:Census
2810:Senate
2667:Rivers
2397:Polish
2387:German
2375:Europe
2366:Jewish
2341:Korean
2326:Indian
2246:Molbog
2137:Manobo
2074:Ifugao
2069:Ibaloi
2064:Bontoc
2051:Igorot
2021:Tausug
2001:Iranun
1996:Kaagan
1910:Eskaya
1867:Sambal
1842:Ivatan
1837:Itawes
1827:Ibanag
1717:
1665:
1542:
1511:
1501:
1440:
1382:
1331:Citrus
1228:
1149:
1068:
1040:
1030:
987:
878:
868:
604:. The
598:kanta,
596:, the
503:fiber.
476:anitos
435:, the
425:Ivatan
361:, and
359:Uyugan
282:Borneo
266:Taiwan
211:Taiwan
109:Ivatan
85:
66:38,622
42:Ibatan
3357:Motto
3257:Music
3252:Media
3227:Dance
3184:Pinoy
3179:Women
3046:Crime
2946:Labor
2776:lists
2640:Lakes
2392:Greek
2236:Batak
2203:Batak
2157:Tboli
2112:Blaan
2104:Lumad
2079:Isneg
2026:Yakan
2016:Samal
1986:Bajau
1930:Waray
1798:Luzon
1776:Pinoy
1715:JSTOR
1663:JSTOR
1540:JSTOR
1509:JSTOR
1337:Var.
1062:(PDF)
793:Lumad
652:yuyus
622:rawod
583:vakul
579:vakul
572:ijang
547:coral
528:palek
497:vakul
433:Basco
363:Ivana
343:Basco
311:China
278:Luzon
253:Luzon
219:coral
3372:Tree
3332:Flag
3322:Bird
3267:Name
3207:Arts
2951:Peso
2859:Navy
2854:Army
2733:LGBT
2581:Bays
2356:Arab
2314:Asia
2193:Aeta
1978:Moro
1631:2008
1598:2008
1499:ISBN
1470:2008
1438:ISBN
1417:2008
1380:ISBN
1311:2024
1275:2024
1239:2008
1226:ISBN
1205:2023
1180:2008
1147:ISBN
1111:2008
1066:ISBN
1038:PMID
985:ISBN
949:2008
906:2021
876:PMID
826:2023
685:home
606:laji
594:laji
581:. A
545:and
524:uvod
412:and
400:and
305:and
303:Song
237:and
221:and
189:and
174:The
3342:Gem
2198:Ati
1489:doi
1353:doi
1143:203
1028:PMC
1018:doi
1014:104
975:doi
866:PMC
856:doi
416:.
380:),
309:of
288:of
209:in
205:of
3439::
1711:28
1709:.
1705:.
1675:^
1659:42
1657:.
1653:.
1639:^
1615:.
1584:.
1561:.
1536:44
1534:.
1530:.
1507:.
1497:.
1461:.
1403:.
1349:34
1347:.
1343:.
1319:^
1302:.
1266:.
1196:.
1145:.
1119:^
1097:.
1080:^
1036:.
1026:.
1012:.
1008:.
983:.
957:^
940:.
914:^
897:.
874:.
864:.
852:12
850:.
846:.
834:^
537:A
408:,
396:,
392:,
388:,
384:,
313:.
276:,
272:,
268:,
213:.
161:,
157:,
139:),
119:,
115:,
111:,
2445:e
2438:t
2431:v
1752:e
1745:t
1738:v
1721:.
1669:.
1633:.
1600:.
1546:.
1515:.
1491::
1472:.
1446:.
1419:.
1388:.
1361:.
1355::
1341:"
1313:.
1277:.
1241:.
1207:.
1182:.
1155:.
1113:.
1074:.
1044:.
1020::
993:.
977::
951:.
908:.
882:.
858::
828:.
553:.
97:)
93:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
