481:
49:
551:
447:
467:
433:
516:
502:
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421:
machines decorated in similar colours or with similar motifs but generally personal preference seems to have been prevalent. More than one pilot (on both sides) recorded that the contrast with the plain khaki of RFC fighters was helpful in rapidly distinguishing friend from foe in the hurly-burly of a dogfight and might have aided the accreditation of air victories claimed by individual German pilots.
37:
530:
420:
soon adopted the fashion until few fighters flew in the manufacturers' finish, their fuselages in particular at least sporting the pilot's monogram or perhaps his favourite colour(s), even if the wings (as was often the case) remained in camouflage. A squadron theme was sometimes followed, with
334:
concentrated on hindering the work of the Allied two-seater corps reconnaissance and bombing squadrons. Offensive incursions by fighters any distance behind Allied lines were avoided, as were mass confrontations with large allied fighter formations, on the grounds that such operations risked
256:
A target was set to establish 37 new squadrons in the next 12 months, equipped with up-to-date single-seat fighters and manned by specially selected and trained pilots, to counter the successes of the Allied fighter squadrons operated by the RFC and the French
279:
fighters, that created the German air superiority of the first half of 1917. Boelcke was killed in an aerial collision on 28 October but his tactics, especially formation flying and a combination of aggression and prudence known as the
407:
German aircraft left the factory in a standard finish, although this differed from one manufacturer to another. Clear varnish on fabric and wooden surfaces had changed by 1916 to various camouflage schemes. In the
640:
unit were used offensively but units undertaking strategic bombing, long range reconnaissance and ground support of German ground units, especially during offensives, were expected to operate without fighter
249:(German Air Service) reflecting a far greater degree of autonomy, although it remained an integral part of the army and acquired a far greater number and variety of specialist units, including
44:
50 - mid to late 1917. The subdued staffel scheme of black and white stripes and chevrons can be seen on the fuselage and tailplanes of most machines, which are otherwise in factory finish.
354:
in particular were associated for organisational and supply purposes with the (theoretically independent) Bavarian army, which did not add to overall efficiency in these departments.
1497:
311:
and still regarded as the most disastrous period in the history of
British military aviation). This ascendancy was not to last, as new allied fighters (most famously, the
369:(Fighter Wing and Fighter Group). These units were moved from one section of the front to another as the tactical situation demanded. The most famous of these units was
195:(aerial guard service) units, consisting only of fighters. This process was by no means universally welcomed, nor did it bring immediate success. By April 1916, the
480:
323:) were already starting to come into service, all of which more than matched the last of the Albatros fighters to see squadron service, the disappointing
350:(eventually about 67 of them) were considered to be Prussian while other such units were associated with Bavaria, Saxony and Württemberg. The Bavarian
30:
902:
802:
783:
764:
432:
126:. At this period their function was seen almost entirely as "protection" for the reconnaissance missions which were the primary duty of the
416:
11, Richthofen celebrated by painting his
Albatros red and the squadron followed suit, painting at least part of their machines red. Other
550:
272:
813:
346:
rapidly established the status of their squadrons as elite units, which became associated with the kingdoms of the German Empire. Most
501:
446:
171:, single-seat battle unit) formations. Fighter aircraft already in service and their pilots were detached from the general-purpose
466:
979:
961:
1492:
757:
Above The Lines: The Aces and
Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918
370:
515:
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this gave way to a riot of colour, as pilots repainted their machines as they pleased. In
January 1917, when he took over
312:
180:
529:
105:
261:. Boelcke, the leading fighter pilot of the day, was called on to organise the manning, equipment and training of
237:
391:, most of them equipped with Albatros D.Vs. A long overdue re-equipment with new types began, most notably the
122:
By the end of the spring of 1915, the first German fighter aircraft were being issued in small numbers to the
115:
Field Flyer
Detachments). The first specialist bombing and close support units began forming during 1915. The
379:
4, 6, 10 and 11, commanded by
Richthofen until he was killed, many of which flew the supremely manoeuvrable
357:
To obtain a local and temporary air superiority, larger fighter units were established, composed of several
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297:
110:
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48:
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242:
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units and brought together in pairs and quartets at important locations. Such units were formed at
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82:
232:
176:
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881:
864:
828:
798:
779:
760:
78:
155:
In
February 1916, the first step towards fighter-only units began, with the establishment by
148:
fighters but it was to be almost a year before the first specialist fighter units joined the
836:
220:
208:
144:
71:
947:
271:
was equipped with a motley collection of fighters, including early Fokker and
Halberstadt
224:
196:
558:
776:
Jasta War
Chronology: A Complete Listing of Claims and Losses, August 1916–November 1918
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21:"Jasta" redirects here. For the lead singer of heavy metal band Hatebreed, see
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245:, the German flying service was reorganised, greatly expanded and renamed the
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814:"Verdun: The First Air Battle for the Fighter: Part I - Prelude and Opening"
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had established air superiority on the
Western Front (known since as
184:
253:(hunting squadrons), the first German single-seater fighter units.
104:, which had been established in 1912 as the aviation service of the
342:
Publicity for successful German fighter pilots and the cult of the
975:
188:
119:
were subordinate to the Army command to which they were attached.
47:
35:
755:
Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank W. & Guest, Russell F. (1991).
267:
which was to become the model for these new squadrons. Initially
943:
383:
triplane from the autumn of 1917. By March 1918, there were 80
275:
types. In September, the squadron began to receive the first
857:
Reconnaissance & Bomber Aircraft of the 1914–1918 War
203:
had long gone and the Eindeckers were giving way to the
108:, was largely organised in small general purpose units (
439:
Halberstadt D II reportedly flown by Boelcke of Jasta 2
292:
fighter arm for the rest of the war. Several pilots of
227:
built up over the Western Front during the so-called
893:
Shacklady, Edward & Treadwell, Terry C. (2002).
395:, which for the first time since mid-1917, gave the
296:
trained by Boelcke, became fighter leaders, notably
1449:
1403:
1342:
986:
231:and as a result of the superior performance of the
159:Friedrich Stempel of units described variously as
855:Lamberton, W. M. (1962). Cheesman, E. F. (ed.).
1498:Jastas of the Imperial German Army Air Service
101:Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches
955:
8:
191:and other places along the Western Front as
199:established by the Eindecker pilots in the
962:
948:
940:
878:Aircraft Camouflage and Markings 1907–1954
793:Gray, Peter & Thetford, Owen (1970) .
142:pioneered the aggressive use of the early
399:equipment that matched their opponents'.
31:Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act
29:. For the United States legislation, see
25:. For the solo album by Jamey Jasta, see
223:, during which the German side lost the
653:
629:
428:
40:A lineup of Albatros D.III fighters of
795:German Aircraft of the First World War
473:Fokker DR I of Josef Jacobs of Jasta 7
723:Shacklady & Treadwell, 2002, p.97
508:Fokker DR I of Manfred von Richthofen
7:
687:Gray & Thetford, pp. xxviii–xxix
52:An Albatros DIII wreck Flanders 1917
14:
522:Fokker Dr. I of Lt Raben Jasta 15
980:Imperial German Army Air Service
970:
797:(2nd ed.). London: Putnam.
549:
528:
514:
500:
479:
465:
445:
431:
827:(3). The Great War Society: 9.
1:
895:Classic WWI Aircraft Profiles
812:Guttman, Jon (Summer 2009).
696:Gray & Thetford, p. xxx
211:D-series biplane fighters.
1514:
880:. Letchworth: Harleyford.
732:Gray & Thetford, p.xxx
247:Deutschen Luftstreitkräfte
20:
876:Robertson, Bruce (1957).
660:Gray & Thetford, p.ix
219:In the aftermath of the
921:"Jagdstaffeln (Jastas)"
778:. London: Grub Street.
774:Franks, Norman (1998).
759:. London: Grub Street.
403:Personal colour schemes
284:, remained the core of
165:Kampfeinsitzer Kommando
16:German fighter squadron
1493:Aerial warfare tactics
489:Manfred von Richthofen
298:Manfred von Richthofen
259:Aéronautique Militaire
238:Aéronautique Militaire
111:Feldfliegerabteilungen
53:
45:
235:(RFC) and the French
51:
39:
897:. London: Cerberus.
339:could ill-afford.
106:Imperial German Army
669:Guttman, 2009, p. 9
456:, Hans von Hippel,
335:attrition that the
303:By April 1917, the
243:Battle of the Somme
98:Before April 1916,
741:Robertson pp.61–62
233:Royal Flying Corps
77:(squadron) of the
54:
46:
1480:
1479:
904:978-1-84145-102-2
804:978-0-370-00103-6
785:978-1-898697-84-8
766:978-0-948817-19-9
557:Albatros D.Va of
66:, abbreviated to
1505:
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835:. Archived from
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487:Albatros D.V of
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389:Luftstreitkräfte
372:Jagdgeschwader 1
337:Luftstreitkräfte
290:Luftstreitkräfte
288:practice in the
221:Battle of Verdun
150:Luftstreitkräfte
145:Fokker Eindecker
83:Luftstreitkräfte
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363:Jagdgeschwader
229:Fokker Scourge
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201:Fokker Scourge
161:Fokkerstaffeln
140:Oswald Boelcke
130:. Pilots like
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27:Jasta (album)
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929:. Retrieved
924:
894:
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856:
844:. Retrieved
837:the original
824:
820:
794:
775:
756:
748:Bibliography
737:
728:
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573:Jagdstaffeln
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559:Hans Böhning
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418:Jagdstaffeln
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410:Jagdstaffeln
409:
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397:Jagdstaffeln
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393:Fokker D.VII
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385:Jagdstaffeln
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377:Jagdstaffeln
376:
375:composed of
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359:Jagdstaffeln
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352:Jagdstaffeln
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348:Jagdstaffeln
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332:Jagdstaffeln
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309:Bloody April
305:Jagdstaffeln
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64:Jagdstaffeln
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381:Fokker Dr.I
367:Jagdgruppen
361:, known as
321:SPAD S.XIII
286:Jagdstaffel
241:during the
209:Halberstadt
88:World War I
59:Jagdstaffel
42:Jagdstaffel
23:Jamey Jasta
1487:Categories
861:Letchworth
649:References
94:Background
886:762271927
869:774660042
821:Relevance
540:Pippart,
1343:Bavarian
987:Prussian
931:22 March
833:34567862
617:Jasta 18
610:Jasta 15
603:Jasta 11
563:Jasta 79
542:Jasta 19
538:Leutnant
493:Jasta 11
325:D.V/D.Va
319:and the
181:Avillers
70:) was a
62:(plural
978:of the
846:May 26,
641:escort.
596:Jasta 5
588:Jasta 2
581:Jasta 1
571:Famous
458:Jasta 5
425:Gallery
387:in the
344:Air ace
294:Jasta 2
269:Jasta 2
264:Jasta 2
215:History
86:during
75:Staffel
72:fighter
976:Jastas
927:. 2015
901:
884:
867:
831:
801:
782:
763:
315:, the
313:S.E.5a
205:Fokker
185:Jametz
1404:Saxon
840:(PDF)
817:(PDF)
624:Notes
414:Jasta
189:Cunel
113:, FFA
68:Jasta
933:2017
899:ISBN
882:OCLC
865:OCLC
848:2014
829:OCLC
799:ISBN
780:ISBN
761:ISBN
365:and
330:The
207:and
177:Vaux
138:and
273:"D"
173:FFA
169:KEK
163:or
152:.
124:FFA
117:FFA
1489::
1472:84
1467:64
1462:47
1457:28
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1395:80
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1355:23
1350:16
1334:90
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1039:10
923:.
859:.
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561:,
491:,
327:.
300:.
187:,
183:,
179:,
134:,
90:.
56:A
1034:9
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1024:7
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994:1
963:e
956:t
949:v
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907:.
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167:(
33:.
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