537:(husband selection) ceremony for his daughter Samyukta. He did not invite Prithviraj to this ceremony, but Samyukta had fallen in love with Prithviraj, and decided to select him as her husband. Prithviraj came to the ceremony and eloped with the princess after a fight with Jaichand's men. This anecdote is not supported by any historical evidence either.
416:. Afterwards, the Ghurids ransacked the city of Kashi (Varanasi) and destroyed several temples there. According to Hasan Nizami, "nearly 1000 temples were destroyed and mosques were raised on their foundations". A number of local feudatory chiefs came forward to offer their allegiance to the Ghurids.
1305:
In 1194, Muizzuddin returned to India. He crossed the Jamuna with 50,000 cavalry and moved towards Kanauj. A hotly contested battle between
Muizzuddin and Jaichandra was fought at Chandawar near Kanauj. We are told that Jaichandra had almost carried the day when he was killed by an arrow, and his
509:
had friendly relations with the
Gahadavalas. It is also possible that Gahadavalas may have supported the Chandelas, because the Chahamanas were a common rival of these two kingdoms. This hypothesis notwithstanding, there is no evidence to suggest that Jayachandra and Prithviraja were rivals.
412:, Jayachandra was seated on an elephant when Qutb al-Din killed him with an arrow. The Ghurids captured 300 elephants alive, and plundered the Gahadavala treasury at the Asni fort. The identification of Asni is not certain, but most historians believe it to be the present-day Asni village in
1241:
In the winter of A.D. 1194-1195 Shihabuddin once more marched into
Hindustan and invaded the doab. Rai Jaichand moved forward to met him....then description of Chandwar struggle. Shihabuddin captured the treasure fort of Asni and then proceeded to Benaras, 'where he converted about thousand
504:
in a battle against
Prithviraj. The Chandelas were defeated in this battle. The inscriptional evidence confirms that Prithviraj defeated Paramardi, but there is no evidence for a Gahadavala-Chandela alliance. That said, it is known that Paramardi's grandfather
207:
eloped with
Prithviraj against his wishes, and he allied with the foreign non-Hindu Ghurids to ensure Prithviraj's downfall. The name "Jaichand" became synonymous with the word "traitor" in folklore of northern India because of this legend.
448:, many of whose claims at least regarding Jayachandra are unsubstantiated, historically inaccurate or clearly contradicted by evidence. According to the text, Jayachandra ("Jaichand") was a cousin of the
489:
was the issue of this marriage. This narrative is historically inaccurate: the
Somavanshi dynasty did not have any king named Mukunda-deva. Moreover, the Somavanshis had already been displaced by the
496:
The text also talks of a conflict between
Jaichand and Prithviraj. Neither Chahamana nor Gahadavala inscriptions mention any such conflict. The text claims that Jaichand assisted the
346:) claim that Jayachandra defeated the Ghurids multiple times. The contemporary Muslim accounts, on the other hand, mention only two battles: one relatively minor engagement and the
1419:, p. 317:"There is, however, nothing to support the current story that Jayachandra invited the Muslim king to invade India to weak his vengeance against Prithviraja."
263:
Jayachandra's inscriptions praise him using the conventional grandiloquent terms, but do not mention any concrete achievement of the king. The records of his neighbouring
1767:
526:
ceremony to proclaim his supremacy. However, none of the
Gahadavala inscriptions mention such a ceremony by Jaichand. The contemporary literary work
540:
It is possible that
Jaichand and Prithviraj were political rivals, as indicated by their non-cooperation against the Ghurid invaders. But the
1839:
1545:
1298:
1265:
1798:
225:
544:
claim that
Jaichand not only refused to help Prithviraj against the Ghurids, but also formed an alliance with the invading Ghurid king
1813:
420:
95:
1735:
1714:
1693:
1672:
1632:
1611:
1587:
1760:
1306:
army was totally defeated. Muizzuddin now moved on to Banaras which was ravaged, a large number of temples there being destroyed
325:, Jayachandra was "the greatest king of India and possessed the largest territory", and his army had a million soldiers and 700
199:. The epic poem was likely written centuries after his death. According to this account, he was a rival of another Indian king,
1793:
291:
is believed to have invaded the Gahadavala territory, but this invasion may have taken place after Jayachandra's death.
1753:
474:
397:). It appears that the defeated army was not Jayachandra's main army, but only a smaller body of his frontier guards.
224:. According to a Kamauli inscription, he was crowned king on 21 June 1170 CE. Jayachandra inherited his grandfather
1284:
1834:
1028:) of Kashisha Jayachchandra, identified with the king Jayachandra. The inscription records the construction of a
990:
Praharaja-Sharman. Nevertheless, after ascending the throne, Jayachandra assumed the dynasty's traditional title
449:
358:
272:
423:
succeeded him on the Gahadavala throne. According to one theory, he was a Ghurid vassal. However, in an 1197 CE
979:
According to the 1167 CE Kamauli inscription, as a prince, Jayachandra was initiated as a worshipper of
490:
321:
280:
1056:, similar terms associated with "traitors" in popular culture.jayachandra is not a traitor. He's pure
1844:
518:
485:
had defeated Mukunda-deva, who concluded a peace treaty by marrying his daughter to prince Jaichand.
1533:
1523:
179:
159:
1236:
Politics and Society During the Early Medieval Period: Collected Works of Professor Mohammad Habib
1564:
1537:
957:
903:
466:
347:
217:
200:
147:
31:
1272:
Jaichandra was defeated and killed by Muhammad Ghauri at Chandawar (40 km east of Agra) in 1193
560:
Several inscriptions from Jayachandra's reign have been discovered, most of them in and around
1731:
1710:
1689:
1668:
1649:
1628:
1622:
1607:
1601:
1583:
1577:
1541:
1294:
1261:
880:
843:
823:
803:
783:
763:
743:
723:
703:
683:
663:
643:
621:
601:
413:
390:
303:
invaded Jayachandra's kingdom in the 1193 CE. The Muslim accounts describe Jayachandra as the
106:
57:
1725:
545:
401:
354:
268:
187:
1053:
1049:
549:
453:
444:
362:
334:
195:
1527:
1597:
1226:
913:
457:
300:
288:
183:
1828:
1803:
1014:
924:
482:
221:
178:. The last powerful king of his dynasty, he was defeated and killed in 1194 CE, in a
171:
131:
85:
998:"). His Kamauli grant inscription states that he made a village grant and performed
552:, the name "Jaichand" became synonymous with the word "traitor" in Hindu folklore.
408:
with an army of 50,000 cavalry in 1194 CE. According to the 16th century historian
1230:
1018:
522:
campaign (conquest in all directions). At the end of this campaign, he conducted a
506:
424:
393:. Nizami states that this army defeated "the army of the enemies of the Religion" (
366:
326:
316:
284:
241:
1683:
1662:
1643:
1288:
1255:
1234:
1788:
1727:
Religious Beliefs and Practices of North India During the Early Mediaeval Period
1704:
1057:
1041:
999:
984:
1776:
534:
473:
The text states that Jaichand's wife was a daughter of king Mukunda-deva, the
374:
264:
121:
72:
470:, according to which Prithviraj's mother had nothing to do with the Tomaras.
464:. This claim is directly contradicted by the more reliable contemporary text
1006:
930:
565:
530:, which presents Jaichand as a hero, does not mention this campaign either.
501:
339:
193:
A fictional account of Jayachandra (as Jaichand) occurs in a legendary text
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1045:
1010:
884:
561:
523:
497:
486:
409:
312:
276:
237:
204:
167:
1568:
17:
980:
627:
478:
386:
233:
163:
116:
1002:
ceremony in the presence of the god Kṛittivāsa (an epithet of Shiva).
1745:
1023:
405:
1021:, and one Shrimitra (Śrimītra). Shrimitra is named as a perceptor (
995:
569:
461:
394:
382:
378:
175:
1316:
1314:
575:
The inscriptions from Jayachandra's reign include the following:
987:
439:
308:
151:
143:
1749:
456:("Prithviraj Chauhan"). Their mothers were sisters born to the
1439:
1437:
150:
dynasty of northern India. He is also known as Jayachchandra (
1490:
1488:
1197:
1195:
1193:
158:
in vernacular legends. He ruled the Antarvedi country in the
1555:
D. P. Dubey (2008). "A note on the identification of Asni".
1144:
1142:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1088:
1086:
952:
Jayachandra's court poet Bhatta Kedar wrote a eulogy titled
146:: Jayacandra, r. 21 June 1170– 1194 CE) was a king from the
1428:
960:. Another lost eulogy on his life is the poet Madhukar's
170:. His territory included much of the present-day eastern
1079:. Gwalior: Vidya Mandir Publications. 1983. p. 256.
1392:
1172:
427:inscription, he assumes the titles of a sovereign.
400:Jayachandra then himself led a larger army against
283:) do not mention any conflict with him either. The
258:
Find-spots of inscriptions from Jayachandra's reign
127:
115:
105:
101:
91:
81:
71:
63:
55:
41:
1009:suggests that Jayachandra also showed interest in
389:. He dispatched a 50,000-strong army commanded by
1557:Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute
564:. One of the inscriptions has been discovered at
533:According to the text, Jaichand also conducted a
1013:. This inscription begins with an invocation to
1467:
230:Ashva-pati Nara-pati Gaja-pati Rajatrayadhipati
48:Ashva-pati Nara-pati Gaja-pati Rajatrayadhipati
1563:. Deccan College Research Institute: 231–236.
1416:
1356:
248:("patron of different branches of learning").
1761:
548:. Although historians dispute the account in
8:
1506:
1443:
1104:
438:Jayachandra is a prominent character in the
1494:
1479:
1455:
1404:
1380:
1368:
1344:
1332:
1320:
1213:
1201:
1184:
1160:
1148:
1133:
1116:
1092:
1768:
1754:
1746:
1239:. People's Publishing House. p. 116.
577:
38:
1242:idol-temples into house for the Musalmans
27:King from the Gahadavala dynasty of India
1624:History of Kanauj To the Moslem Conquest
1077:Tomars of Delhi by Harihar Niwas Dwivedi
941:Construction of Jayapura cave monastery
516:further claims that Jaichand launched a
1706:Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Vedic Terms
1685:Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India
1257:Historical Dictionary of Medieval India
1068:
1429:Dhirendra K Jha & Krishna Jha 2012
1645:The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty
1576:Dhirendra K Jha; Krishna Jha (2012).
7:
162:, including the important cities of
154:: Jayaccandra) in inscriptions, and
350:, in which Jayachandra was killed.
493:before Vijayachandra's ascension.
25:
1709:. Vol. 1. Sarup & Sons.
1667:. Vol. 1. Orient Blackswan.
1664:A Dictionary of Indian Literature
956:on his life, but the work is now
649:Varanasi: Near Adikeshava Temple
918:Erection of Siddheshvara temple
775:Village grant (Kotharavandhuri)
669:Varanasi: Near Krttivasa Temple
377:kingdom after taking control of
246:Vividha-vidya-vichara-vachaspati
50:Vividha-vidya-vichara-vachaspati
1260:. Scarecrow Press. p. 80.
1703:Swami Parmeshwaranand (2000).
1621:Rama Shankar Tripathi (1989).
1293:. Orient Longman. p. 71.
1032:(cave monastery) at Jayapura.
232:("leader of three forces: the
1:
1005:An inscription discovered at
965:
216:Jayachandra was a son of the
1840:12th-century Indian monarchs
1529:Indian Epigraphical Glossary
332:The Hindu accounts (such as
962:Jaya-Mayank-Jasha-Chandrika
855:Village grant (Abhelavatu)
373:, he decided to attack the
1861:
1393:Swami Parmeshwaranand 2000
1254:Iqtidar Alam Khan (2008).
1173:Rama Shankar Tripathi 1989
174:and some parts of western
29:
1784:
815:Village grant (Dayadama)
365:in 1192 CE. According to
46:
1661:Sujit Mukherjee (1998).
1579:Ayodhya - The Dark Night
755:Village grant (Godanti)
1688:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1627:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1606:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1290:Medieval India:800-1700
835:Village grant (Saleti)
67:21 June 1170 – 1194 CE
30:For other people, see
1724:V. B. Mishra (1973).
1682:Sukumar Dutt (1988).
906:: Myohar (or Meohar)
369:'s 13th century text
1642:Roma Niyogi (1959).
1468:Sujit Mukherjee 1998
481:. Jaichand's father
1534:Motilal Banarsidass
1458:, pp. 255–260.
1417:R. C. Majumdar 1977
1357:R. C. Majumdar 1977
1347:, pp. 113–114.
1323:, pp. 111–112.
1216:, pp. 110–111.
948:Cultural activities
923:1180s-1190s (1240s
584:Place of discovery
581:Date of issue (CE)
1407:, p. 106-107.
904:Kaushambi district
849:Randavai on Ganga
829:Randavai on Ganga
809:Randavai on Ganga
467:Prithviraja Vijaya
419:Jayachandra's son
348:Battle of Chandwar
201:Prithviraj Chauhan
180:battle near Yamuna
32:Jayachandra (name)
1822:
1821:
1582:. HarperCollins.
1547:978-81-208-0562-0
1507:V. B. Mishra 1973
1444:Sukumar Dutt 1988
1300:978-81-250-3226-7
1267:978-0-8108-5503-8
1105:D. C. Sircar 1966
992:Parama-Maheshvara
945:
944:
881:Faizabad district
860:22 February 1181
844:Varanasi district
824:Varanasi district
804:Varanasi district
784:Varanasi district
780:25 December 1177
764:Varanasi district
744:Varanasi district
724:Varanasi district
704:Varanasi district
684:Varanasi district
664:Varanasi district
644:Varanasi district
640:21 November 1173
622:Varanasi district
602:Varanasi district
414:Fatehpur district
404:who marched from
391:Qutb ud-Din Aibak
357:had defeated the
353:The Ghurid ruler
322:Kamil ut-Tawarikh
228:'s royal titles:
137:
136:
16:(Redirected from
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1835:Gahadavala kings
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1345:Roma Niyogi 1959
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1117:Roma Niyogi 1959
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1093:Roma Niyogi 1959
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1080:
1073:
970:
967:
954:Jaichand Prakash
578:
546:Muhammad of Ghor
402:Muhammad of Ghor
355:Muhammad of Ghor
344:Purusha-Pariksha
315:). According to
188:Muhammad of Ghor
39:
21:
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1054:Vidkun Quisling
1050:Benedict Arnold
1038:
977:
968:
950:
700:30 August 1175
568:in present-day
558:
550:Prithviraj Raso
542:Prithviraj Raso
514:Prithviraj Raso
454:Prithviraja III
445:Prithviraj Raso
436:
432:Prithviraj Raso
363:Prithviraja III
335:Prithviraj Raso
297:
295:Ghurid invasion
261:
260:
259:
254:
252:Military career
214:
203:. His daughter
196:Prithviraj Raso
160:Gangetic plains
49:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1811:
1806:
1801:
1799:Govindachandra
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1598:R. C. Majumdar
1594:
1588:
1573:
1552:
1546:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1499:
1497:, p. 198.
1484:
1482:, p. 197.
1472:
1470:, p. 142.
1460:
1448:
1446:, p. 209.
1433:
1431:, p. 234.
1421:
1409:
1397:
1395:, p. 541.
1385:
1383:, p. 106.
1373:
1361:
1359:, p. 339.
1349:
1337:
1335:, p. 231.
1325:
1310:
1299:
1285:Satish Chandra
1276:
1266:
1246:
1227:Mohammad Habib
1218:
1206:
1204:, p. 107.
1189:
1187:, p. 110.
1177:
1175:, p. 323.
1165:
1163:, p. 109.
1153:
1151:, p. 105.
1138:
1136:, p. 103.
1121:
1109:
1097:
1095:, p. 102.
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872:Village grant
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840:11 April 1180
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820:11 April 1180
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800:11 April 1180
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795:Village grant
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613:Village grant
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528:Rambha-Manjari
442:language text
435:
429:
305:Rāi of Banaras
296:
293:
289:Lakshmana Sena
257:
256:
255:
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250:
242:elephant corps
226:Govindachandra
213:
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2:
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1814:Harishchandra
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1804:Vijayachandra
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1800:
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1737:90-04-03610-5
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1716:9788176250887
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1634:9788120804043
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1613:9788120804364
1609:
1605:
1604:
1603:Ancient India
1599:
1595:
1591:
1589:9789350299012
1585:
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1574:
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1509:, p. 70.
1508:
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1128:
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1118:
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1019:Bodhisattavas
1016:
1015:Gautam Buddha
1012:
1008:
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994:("devotee of
993:
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760:9 April 1177
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740:9 April 1177
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598:21 June 1170
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483:Vijayachandra
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421:Harishchandra
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371:Taj-ul-Maasir
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219:
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172:Uttar Pradesh
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133:
132:Vijayachandra
130:
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111:Harishchandra
110:
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86:Vijayachandra
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33:
19:
1808:
1726:
1705:
1684:
1663:
1648:. Oriental.
1644:
1623:
1602:
1578:
1560:
1556:
1528:
1524:D. C. Sircar
1516:Bibliography
1502:
1475:
1463:
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1400:
1388:
1376:
1364:
1352:
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1231:K. A. Nizami
1221:
1209:
1180:
1168:
1156:
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1100:
1076:
1071:
1029:
1022:
1004:
991:
978:
961:
953:
951:
892:Jayachandra
869:Jayachandra
852:Jayachandra
832:Jayachandra
812:Jayachandra
792:Jayachandra
772:Jayachandra
752:Jayachandra
732:Jayachandra
712:Jayachandra
692:Jayachandra
672:Jayachandra
652:Jayachandra
632:Jayachandra
618:4 June 1172
610:Jayachandra
574:
559:
556:Inscriptions
541:
539:
532:
527:
517:
513:
512:
507:Madanavarman
495:
472:
465:
443:
437:
431:
418:
399:
370:
367:Hasan Nizami
352:
343:
333:
331:
320:
304:
298:
262:
245:
229:
215:
194:
192:
186:army led by
155:
140:Jaya-chandra
139:
138:
77:21 June 1170
47:
36:
1845:1194 deaths
1809:Jayachandra
1789:Chandradeva
1058:nationalist
1042:La Malinche
1000:tulapurusha
985:Vaishnavite
969: 1183
846:: Varanasi
826:: Varanasi
806:: Varanasi
786:: Varanasi
766:: Varanasi
746:: Varanasi
299:The Muslim
265:Hindu kings
82:Predecessor
42:Jayachandra
1829:Categories
1794:Madanapala
1777:Gahadavala
1536:. p.
1064:References
726:: Kamauli
686:: Kamauli
666:: Kamauli
646:: Kamauli
624:: Kamauli
604:: Kamauli
590:Issued by
587:Issued at
535:svayamvara
475:Somavanshi
375:Gahadavala
218:Gahadavala
212:Early life
182:against a
148:Gahadavala
122:Gahadavala
73:Coronation
58:Antaravedi
1730:. BRILL.
1007:Bodh Gaya
931:Bodh Gaya
912:Vastavya
889:Varanasi
866:Varanasi
789:Varanasi
769:Varanasi
749:Varanasi
729:Varanasi
709:Varanasi
706:: Sehwar
689:Varanasi
607:Vadaviha
566:Bodh Gaya
519:digvijaya
502:Paramardi
450:Chahamana
359:Chahamana
340:Vidyapati
327:elephants
281:Kalachuri
273:Chahamana
92:Successor
1600:(1977).
1569:42931209
1526:(1966).
1287:(2007).
1229:(1981).
1046:Yanakuna
1036:See also
1011:Buddhism
975:Religion
938:Unknown
935:Unknown
914:Thakkura
909:Unknown
885:Faizabad
863:Unknown
593:Purpose
562:Varanasi
524:rajasuya
498:Chandela
487:Samyukta
477:king of
460:king of
410:Firishta
317:Ibn Asir
277:Chandela
269:Paramara
240:and the
238:infantry
205:Samyukta
168:Varanasi
156:Jaichand
56:King of
18:Jaichand
1779:dynasty
1654:5386449
1233:(ed.).
983:by the
981:Krishna
628:Prayaga
313:Banaras
301:Ghurids
244:") and
234:cavalry
164:Kannauj
117:Dynasty
1734:
1713:
1692:
1671:
1652:
1631:
1610:
1586:
1567:
1544:
1297:
1264:
1024:diksha
1017:, the
491:Gangas
479:Kataka
458:Tomara
434:legend
406:Ghazni
236:, the
184:Ghurid
128:Father
1565:JSTOR
1026:-guru
996:Shiva
900:1189
877:1186
680:1175
660:1174
570:Bihar
500:king
462:Delhi
452:king
425:Kotwa
395:Islam
383:Delhi
379:Ajmer
361:king
287:king
220:king
176:Bihar
107:Issue
64:Reign
1732:ISBN
1711:ISBN
1690:ISBN
1669:ISBN
1650:OCLC
1629:ISBN
1608:ISBN
1584:ISBN
1542:ISBN
1295:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1030:guha
988:guru
958:lost
440:Braj
385:and
338:and
309:King
285:Sena
279:and
166:and
152:IAST
144:IAST
971:).
387:Kol
342:'s
319:'s
311:of
1831::
1561:68
1559:.
1540:.
1538:35
1532:.
1487:^
1436:^
1313:^
1303:.
1270:.
1192:^
1141:^
1124:^
1085:^
1052:,
1048:,
1044:,
966:c.
927:)
925:VS
883::
572:.
381:,
329:.
275:,
271:,
190:.
1769:e
1762:t
1755:v
1740:.
1719:.
1698:.
1677:.
1656:.
1637:.
1616:.
1592:.
1571:.
1550:.
964:(
307:(
267:(
142:(
34:.
20:)
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