788:, according to Gaddafi, is a perverse solution to the problem of democracy. A Parliament can not speak on behalf of the people, because democracy means the rule of the people, not of those who act on its behalf. Methods of electing the parliament can not be considered democratic, because the masses become completely disconnected from the Members of Parliament. The MPs monopolize the power of the masses and the right to decide their business for them. Parliament, in fact, represents not the people, but the party that won the elections. In fact, the people are used by the political forces in the struggle for power. The system of elected parliaments is a demagogic system because votes can be bought and manipulated, that is, parliamentary representation is a fraud. In general, the theory of representative government is, Gaddafi argues, an outdated practice that was invented by philosophers and thinkers at the time when the common folk were ordered about like livestock by their rulers.
838:"Society is composed of many individuals and entities. Therefore, if an individual is insane, that does not mean that the rest of society are mad, too. Press is a method of expression of society, not a single person or entity. A newspaper, if owned by an individual, expresses only the views of its owner. The assertion that it represents public opinion is untenable and has no basis, because in reality it expresses the views of an individual, and from the point of view of genuine democracy it is unacceptable that an individual should own the print media and other types of media that provide the public with information."
722:") on the establishment of a "regime of people's power" (the so-called 'direct popular democracy') in Libya, and the country was renamed the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. The Revolutionary Command Council was also renamed and transformed into the General Secretariat of the Congress. In practice, the Arab Socialist Union then merged with the apparatus of the General People's Congress. The people elected into the General Secretariat of the General People's Congress were Gaddafi (General Secretary) and four of his closest associates — Major
56:
653:
143:
816:"The only means of people's democracy are the people's congresses. Any other system of government is undemocratic. All existing world systems of government are undemocratic, if they do not adhere to this method of governance. People's congresses are the ultimate goal of the movement of peoples on the path to democracy. People's congresses and people's committees represent the end result of the peoples' struggle for democracy."
2685:
1802:
912:
it." "A tribe is the same as a family, but one that has increased due to the increased growth of offspring, that is, the tribe is a big family. The Nation is a tribe, but a tribe that has grown as a result of increased offspring, i.e., a nation is a large tribe. The World is a nation but a nation divided into many nations as a result of population growth, i.e., the world is a great nation."
1071:(GPC), consisting of representatives of People's Committees. In practice, the GPC had the functions of a parliament. Its members were elected at local and regional levels, although some were assigned by Gaddafi personally. Gaddafi also appointed his ministers from among the members of the GPC. While Gaddafi did not hold any official posts, he remained the leading political figure in Libya.
1129:
853:, comparing it with slavery, and proclaims the right of an employee to any product produced by them. A person must work in accordance with their powers and must also be able to satisfy their needs, and all surplus should be directed to the accumulation of social wealth. The accumulation of surplus by one person reduces the needs of another person, and is therefore unacceptable.
685:
uprisings and coups in the Arab world. Similarly, in Libya, on 1 September 1969 a group of Libyan army officers belonging to the
Movement of Free Officers, Unionists, and Socialists overthrew the monarchy and proclaimed the Libyan Arab Republic. The supreme power was temporarily relegated to the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), headed by 27-year-old Colonel Muammar Gaddafi.
835:. According to him, "a human being, as an individual, should have the freedom of expression, and even if mad, s/he should have the right to freely express his/her madness." Man, as a legal entity, is also free to express themselves as such. In the first case the man represents only himself, in the second—only a group of individuals forming a legal entity.
707:. It was proclaimed that one of the main goals of the revolution was the building of a form of socialism based on "religion, morality and patriotism". Gaddafi and his companions intended to achieve this through "social justice, high levels of production, the elimination of all forms of exploitation and the equitable distribution of national wealth".
792:
system does not alter the substance of the matter. Moreover, the more numerous the parties are, the more intensive is the power struggle between them, which in turn undermines the programmes geared to benefit the entire society. The interests of society and of its development are sacrificed for the sake of the partisan struggle for power.
915:"The tribe is the natural social protection of the individual, ensuring his social needs." In Libya, according to accepted social tradition, the tribe collectively provides redemption of its members by collectively paying ransom for them, paying their fines, avenging them and collectively defending them.
987:", Gaddafi constantly made revisions to this theory. Before the "Green Book", Islam was considered one of the ideological sources of official ideology in Libya, but the third part of this book, which appeared in the summer of 1979, did not assess its truthfulness on the basis of the precepts of Islam.
876:. Gaddafi made a televised public examination of the pro-opposition clergy members on the subject of the Qur'an. According to Gaddafi, he proved that they were unable to answer his questions, and he subsequently used that as a reason to deprive some of them of the right to conduct religious services.
781:
According to the "Green Book", the winner in the struggle for power is always an instrument of government — an individual, party, class; and the loser is always the people, and thus, it is not true democracy. The political struggle often leads to the rise to power of an instrument of government which
684:
In the 1960s and 1970s, in the countries of the Arab-Muslim East, various theories of "national brands of socialism", named "Islamic socialism", became widespread. This socialism was based on the principles of nationalism, religion and equality, and its ideas inspired a number of revolutions, popular
990:
On the contrary, "the truth" of
Islamic provisions themselves was evaluated in terms of their compatibility with the theory. It was declared that the driving force of history was national and social struggle. At the same time, as Gaddafi specified, "if we were to restrict ourselves to the support of
932:
Third – the tendency to deny a woman her natural role of mother and replace her with nurseries is the beginning of a denial of humane, human society and of its transformation into a biological society, living an artificial life (as a result of this, in Libya, there are no kindergartens, and a woman,
860:
During the development of his economic ideas, Gaddafi put forward another slogan: "Real Estate—property of its inhabitant." That is, a person living in a house was an owner, not a tenant. In May 1978, a law was passed, whereby renting residential premises was prohibited, and tenants became owners of
907:
The third part—the "Public aspect of the Third
International Theory" was published on 1 June 1979. This addressed many aspects of life, including women, the education system, sports, and merging the world's languages. In this part a global vision of proper co-existence is presented. The fundamental
883:
Thanks to successful oil exploration starting in 1961, Libya has become a prosperous state with the highest per capita income in Africa. In 1970, oil prices on world markets increased considerably, leading to the accumulation of substantial funds in Libya, as a supplier of oil to western countries.
864:
With the slogan "Partners, not employees", workers and employees under the leadership of the People's
Committees took over businesses and institutions in not only production but also trade, as well as the various services of service. Former owners got compensation and the opportunity to participate
856:
In
September 1977, Gaddafi put forward as the basis of economic life the principle of "self-government in the economy". In line with this principle, it was envisaged that enterprises should be transferred to the collective management of those who work there. The slogan "Partners, not employees" was
812:
Gaddafi offers to create a special hierarchical structure of people's congresses and committees, resulting in a system where "management becomes popular, control becomes popular, and the old definition of democracy as 'control of people over the government' is replaced by its new definition as 'the
1109:
on 18 November 1992, it was decided to set up a new political structure: this was to initiate the country's transition to the supreme level of democracy — "a Model
Jamahiriya". It was about creating, instead of the primary public meetings (People's Congresses), 1500 communes, which are self-guided
943:
The issue of language is also addressed: "People will remain underdeveloped, until there is a common language." However, this question can be resolved only through a merging of languages in a series of stages, over several generations, provided that over time these generations lose their inherited
879:
The final result of the economic reforms in the
Jamahiriya was meant to be "the achievement of a new socialist society", a stage at which profit and money disappear from society and it becomes fully productive, and production fully meets the material needs of all members of society. At this stage,
868:
The functioning of the political system of the "Jamahiriya" in the field and especially in production was hampered both by the opposition of the upper classes and by the insufficient preparations for the activities conducted and the inability of the new management staff to manage the economy. This
791:
The party, according to the "Green Book", is a modern tool of dictatorial rule — it is the power of a part over the whole. Parties are established by groups of people to act in their interests, or to impose their views on the public and to establish their ideology on it. The number of parties in a
911:
According to the "Green Book": "if the national spirit is stronger than the religious spirit, the struggle between different nations, which used to be united in one religion, is amplified, and each of those nations achieves independence, returning to the social structure that is characteristic of
819:
In the proposed
Jamahiriya, the entire population is divided into People's Congresses, which elect the People's Committees, which in turn form the second round of the People's Congresses, which elect the State Committees, which fulfil the function of state administration. Issues considered at the
710:
The
Revolutionary Command Council was to function as the centre of the political organization of society, with the right to appoint cabinet ministers, to declare war and enter into contracts, to issue decrees with the force of law, and to handle key aspects of internal affairs and foreign policy.
795:
In addition, parties may be corrupt and can be bribed from the outside and inside. The 'opposition' is not an organ of control over the activities of the people of the ruling party, it only waits for the right moment to take the place of the ruling party at the trough of power. Control is in the
729:
Two years later, the five leaders resigned from public office and were replaced by professional managers. From then until his death, Gaddafi officially held the title of the Leader of the Libyan
Revolution and the group of the five leaders is named "the Revolutionary Leadership". Furthermore, a
1101:
The transformation of Libyan society into Jamahiriya was accompanied by many zigzags and went more slowly than Gaddafi intended. The system that he created may have aroused the Libyan people to political activism, but, as he had to admit, "popular participation in government was not complete".
803:
The referendum is also described as a falsification of democracy. Voters can say only "yes" or "no." The theory states that everyone should be able to justify their desire and the cause of their approval or disapproval. Therefore, to be completely democratic, it is necessary to create such an
1113:
The need to reorganize the former political system, as explained by Gaddafi, was primarily due to the fact that it had "failed to ensure genuine democracy because of the complexity of the structure, which created a gap between the masses and the leadership, and was characterized by excessive
827:
At the General People's Congress, which gathers together the governing bodies of the people's congresses, the people's committees, the trade unions and the professional associations, the most important public issues are discussed and the definitive legislative decisions are made.
1082:
has been declared in the country, and oil revenues make it possible to maintain a high standard of living for the Libyan population. The presence of foreign capital is reduced, and the state owns the enterprises in the large and medium industries.
699:
Following this, the Libyan leadership informed the ambassadors of the United States and Britain that it was terminating the respective agreements. Almost at the same time an offensive began against the position of foreign capital in the economy.
799:
Gaddafi compares party and clan. In his view, in the struggle for power, the party is no different from a power struggle between tribes and clans. Both types of struggle are portrayed as having a negative and disintegrating effect on society.
761:
The first part of the "Green Book" is "Solving the problem of democracy: The Authority of the People". This political aspect of the Third International Theory, published in January 1976, rejects traditional forms of democracy such as
865:
in the management of these enterprises, but in "equal partnership with the producers." This campaign was described as a "people's capture" and was a form of elimination of private ownership of business by upper and middle classes.
738:
The official ideological doctrine is the Third International Theory, described in Gaddafi's "Green Book" (1976–1979). Copies of the "Green Book" were always on sale in Libyan bookstores in many languages prior to the revolution.
908:
principles come down to this: every nation should have its own religion, and should recognize the importance of a continuous social chain ("the family—the tribe—the nation—the world," "from the small to the great").
1090:. A hierarchical system of courts conducts judicial proceedings. Small lawsuits are considered in the Magistrates' Courts. Next come the Courts of the First Stage, the Appellate Courts and the Supreme Court.
936:
Fourth – males in the world of plants and animals are by nature strong and rough, whereas women in the world of plants and animals in the world and the world's peoples are by nature beautiful and tender.
719:
887:
At the same time, to improve Libya's international prestige, huge sums were spent on creating a well-equipped modern army. In the Middle East and North Africa, Libya served as a carrier of ideas of
869:
led to discontent and unrest among the population against the political and economic innovations of the Libyan leadership. Some of the Muslim clergy accused Gaddafi of "deviation from the Qur'an."
703:
The first results and the nearest tasks of the Libyan revolution were fixed in a public statement on 11 December 1969, a Provisional Constitutional Declaration. Islam was declared the official
2912:
2788:
994:
In the subsequent explanations and comments on the "Green Book", many of its provisions underwent significant revisions while still remaining the basic catechism of ideology in Libya.
210:
846:
The second part of the "Green Book"—"The solution of the economic problem (Socialism)"—sets out the economic aspect of the Third International Theory (published on 2 February 1978).
284:
730:
hierarchy of Revolutionary Committees was established with the purpose of implementing the policies of the Revolutionary Leadership within the system of the People's Congresses.
278:
461:
2444:
1333:
857:
given theoretical justification in the second part of the Green Book, and in November of the same year this idea began to be implemented in some industrial enterprises.
2754:
1539:
1277:
488:
446:
3018:
2892:
925:
Second – a woman is an individual of the female sex, whereas a man is an individual of the male sex. In view of this, a woman "has a regular disease in the form of
892:
2474:
1921:
1053:
Gaddafi's "Jamahiriya" form of government was supposed to be different from both the monarchy and the republic, hence the name of "Third" International Theory.
954:"Mass sport is a social need of the human beings, so it is unacceptable from either a sporting or a democratic point of view to 'subcontract' sport to others ";
1002:
The theory was partially implemented in Libya. In March 1977, the "Declaration of Sabha" was declared, and the republic was transformed into a Jamahiriya (the
2907:
1003:
406:
272:
630:
The Higher Council for National Guidance was created to disseminate and implement this theory, and it found partial realization in Libya, a self-proclaimed
1067:
Under Gaddafi, Libya was governed by a military regime professing the idea of Arab nationalism, socialism, and Islam. The highest state authority was the
1017:
slightly modified his theory by introducing a thesis about the era of large spaces in which the nation-state is becoming inviable. The word "Jamahiriya" (
2998:
1857:
309:
2429:
2917:
2721:
2424:
1042:
adjective formed from the term "Jamahir" (masses). It echoes the Arabic term for "Republic", "Jumhuriyah" (formally the feminine nisba adjective from
782:
represents a minority, and that through legal democratic means. Thus, all existing political regimes falsify genuine democracy and are dictatorships.
975:
This approach to sport led to most of Libya's stadiums being open only during military parades, and any kind of wrestling being strictly prohibited.
2554:
2484:
2449:
692:
orientation of the Libyan revolution manifested itself clearly in the first months of the new regime. On 7 October 1969, at the 24th Session of the
596:
2795:
2749:
2414:
1062:
217:
1926:
3058:
2744:
1147:
991:
Muslims only, that would be an example of bigotry and selfishness: True Islam is the one that defends the weak, even if they are not Muslims".
804:
instrument of government, which would be identical to the entire nation as a whole, rather than to a representative body acting on its behalf.
774:, and outlines the basic principles of direct popular democracy based on the people's congresses and people's committees. The book argues that
679:
530:
386:
264:
1309:
1473:
1407:
1226:
1199:
604:
426:
411:
2092:
2052:
247:
1068:
1006:). Those forms of exploitative private ownership were abolished (whereas private family businesses in the service sector were preserved).
821:
715:
884:
Government revenues from oil exports were to be used to finance urban development and the creation of a modern system of social welfare.
742:
The book is a collection of quotes of the Libyan leader, divided into three parts and covering the following vital aspects of existence:
2464:
2409:
373:
355:
899:(in 1992) led to a significant weakening of Libya. On 12 September 2003, the UN Security Council lifted the sanctions imposed in 1992.
3003:
2404:
349:
2546:
2469:
714:
In 1973, Gaddafi organized the Arab Socialist Union, which became the sole legal political organization in the country. In 1977 the
1990:
1829:
1341:
1291:
1242:
3073:
2805:
2777:
2334:
2326:
1152:
647:
296:
180:
1780:
Efremov VS. The sensational offer of the Libyan leader /Newspaper " St. Petersburg Gazette. 7 April 2001. № 63 (2453), pp. 25
670:(published from 1976 to 1979). It is a system of views which criticizes European-style democracy and Soviet Marxism in detail.
474:
431:
2072:
3033:
2494:
2256:
1850:
233:
634:
model state. The fall of Gaddafi and his death in 2011 led to the disestablishment of his system and its replacement by the
940:
Accordingly, Gaddafi concluded that "human rights are for everyone—men and women, but the responsibilities are not equal."
2714:
2062:
2042:
2022:
1799:
635:
481:
254:
2759:
2439:
2399:
2389:
1938:
824:. Accordingly, the outcomes and decisions of the General Congress are brought to the lower levels in the reverse order.
526:
421:
401:
240:
63:
1955:
1110:
mini-states within a state, each with full authority within its district, including the allocation of budgetary funds.
3053:
3048:
2564:
2394:
2384:
1815:
891:
and as an uncompromising enemy of Israel and the United States. The sharp drop in oil prices in mid-1980s and the UN
1023:
3028:
3023:
3013:
2993:
2783:
2535:
2528:
2459:
2138:
205:
1965:
1093:
The official main principle of government in Libya was: "Power, wealth and weapons — in the hands of the people."
2688:
2489:
2379:
2276:
1943:
1843:
589:
1749:
Kiselev SA Muammar Gaddafi – the theorist of the Third International Theory / / Vedomosti. l2003. № 10. with. 13
3043:
2707:
1997:
1767:
Vladimir Bogdanov. Scandal at the top: Muammar Gaddafi has caused the League of Arab States to break apart / /
775:
696:, the Permanent Representative of Libya announced its intention to eliminate all foreign bases on Libyan land.
200:
337:
3008:
2650:
2569:
2354:
1191:
367:
290:
31:
343:
2944:
2077:
1810:
1010:
918:
A special place in the Green Book is reserved for women, their physical build and social role in society:
666:
566:
319:
2831:
2635:
2369:
2364:
2241:
2221:
2032:
2002:
652:
620:
1553:
55:
3068:
2884:
2861:
2670:
2640:
2600:
2595:
2499:
2374:
2211:
785:
396:
110:
1117:
As a whole, after 1992, the Jamahiriya pursued a policy of building an "Islamic socialist society".
3038:
2660:
2017:
1950:
693:
612:
554:
98:
1504:
1378:
796:
hands of the party in power (through Parliament), and power in the hands of the party in control.
3063:
2813:
2665:
2645:
2605:
2521:
2504:
2479:
2286:
2097:
2087:
2067:
2037:
2012:
1533:
1444:
1271:
723:
550:
331:
126:
121:
102:
2281:
2625:
2316:
2251:
2166:
2146:
1599:
1523:
1469:
1436:
1403:
1261:
1222:
1195:
1185:
984:
896:
832:
546:
436:
94:
1463:
1397:
1216:
983:
In the absence of specific prescriptions for the transformation of society in the so-called "
944:
traits: "the sensory perceptions, tastes and temperament of their fathers and grandfathers."
627:
countries, based on the stated belief that both of these ideologies had been proven invalid.
2849:
2843:
2837:
2825:
2559:
2266:
2231:
2201:
2196:
2171:
1980:
1866:
1589:
1142:
1079:
888:
873:
689:
562:
542:
534:
222:
185:
142:
106:
76:
68:
2956:
2950:
2897:
2730:
2610:
2579:
2574:
2359:
2306:
2236:
2216:
2191:
2181:
2082:
1960:
1806:
1758:
Strokan S.N. Libya defends its principles / / Kommersant. 2005. № 243 / P (№ 3327), pp. 16
1578:"Religion and ideology: Mu'ammar al-Kadhdhafi, Islam and the "Third International Theory""
1018:
767:
522:
506:
416:
175:
158:
2419:
1828:"Left" in the Arab East: the Libyan experience - M.: Institute for the Near East, 2005 (
1793:
2938:
2867:
2855:
2770:
2615:
2454:
2349:
2344:
2311:
2301:
2291:
2261:
2186:
2176:
2057:
1985:
1880:
1075:
704:
600:
441:
325:
89:
2987:
2902:
2819:
2620:
2246:
2226:
2161:
2113:
2027:
657:
2973:
2655:
2296:
2156:
2151:
2007:
1933:
1134:
1047:
926:
114:
1885:
971:
suggest that humanity has not completely rid itself of the vestiges of barbarism."
2961:
2271:
2128:
1975:
1970:
1916:
1895:
1577:
850:
726:, and generals Abu-Bakr Younis Jabr, Mustafa al-Harrubi and Huveyldi al-Hmeydi.
624:
558:
84:
1105:
Therefore, at the session of the General People's Congress held in the town of
2206:
2123:
2118:
2047:
1124:
771:
763:
616:
608:
361:
1603:
1440:
711:
Chairman of the IBS, Gaddafi was appointed head of the Libyan Arab Republic.
1890:
1035:
968:
574:
538:
190:
72:
1594:
570:
960:"Stadiums exist in order to restrict the masses from using sports fields";
17:
2630:
2339:
1627:
Borisov, SP (27 March 2002). "Muammar Gaddafi on the road to socialism".
1489:
1425:"Qadhafi's "Perestroika": Economic and Political Liberalization in Libya"
1363:
831:
In the first part of the "Green Book" Gaddafi also lays out his views on
582:
578:
80:
2922:
1448:
1424:
1014:
593:
1629:
1522:
Studies, American University (Washington, D.C.) Foreign Area (1979).
1260:
Studies, American University (Washington, D.C.) Foreign Area (1979).
964:
631:
1310:"African intellectuals remember late Muammar Gaddafi as pan-African"
718:, representing numerous national committees, adopted a decree (the "
585:, and many Islamic fundamentalists were imprisoned during his rule.
1835:
1528:. Department of Defense], Department of the Army. pp. 203–205.
1266:. Department of Defense], Department of the Army. pp. 203–205.
947:
The Green Book also has an original take on sports and spectacles:
2699:
2434:
1106:
1087:
651:
569:, for Gaddafi argued that Muslims needed to return to God and the
664:
Key provisions of the Third International Theory are outlined in
656:
Muammar Gaddafi, author of the Third International Theory, at an
2703:
1839:
1336:[Libyan Jamahiriya between past and present – Part 1].
933:
once she has given birth to a child, never goes to work again).
1334:"Libijska džamahirija između prošlosti i sadašnjosti – 1. Dio"
1078:
of Libya, but the influence of the Muslim clergy is limited.
929:, but if this does not happen, then she has become pregnant."
820:
People's Congresses are finally formulated each year at the
1554:"Human rights worse after Gaddafi - Libya | ReliefWeb"
1148:
Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)
1820:
880:
profits and money were meant to disappear by themselves.
1724:. Translated by Kovalev, N.G. Moscow: Infra. p. 38.
1693:. Translated by Kovalev, N.G. Moscow: Infra. p. 22.
1678:. Translated by Kovalev, N.G. Moscow: Infra. p. 10.
1663:. Translated by Kovalev, N.G. Moscow: Infra. p. 4.
752:
The public aspect of the "Third International Theory."
1028:
573:
and rejected formal interpretation of the Qur'an as
561:, and it was partly influenced by the principles of
2931:
2877:
2804:
2737:
2588:
2545:
2513:
2325:
2137:
2106:
1909:
1873:
462:
1971 Libyan Federation of Arab Republics referendum
120:
62:
41:
30:Not to be confused with the Third International or
2445:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
615:. It was proposed by Gaddafi as an alternative to
599:during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s as developed by
577:. However, Gaddafi's regime has been described as
279:Secretary General of the General People's Congress
1771:. 24 May 2004. (Central edition) N3483, with. 12
1490:"Gaddafi: From Popular Hero to Isolated Dictator"
1364:"Gaddafi: From Popular Hero to Isolated Dictator"
957:"Collective sport is the business of the masses";
922:First – "A woman is a human, just like a man is";
872:In response, authorities made serious efforts at
1735:Kudelev, V.V. (2007). "The situation in Libya".
1644:Kudelev, V.V. (2007). "The situation in Libya".
746:Solving the problem of Democracy (People Power);
588:It has similarities with the system of Yugoslav
533:, was officially based. It combined elements of
27:Theory of governance proposed by Muammar Gaddafi
2893:Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights
1034:, approximately " of the masses") is an Arabic
778:is in fact nothing but a kind of dictatorship.
749:Solving the problem of the economy (Socialism);
531:Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
1057:Politics and government of Libya under Gaddafi
951:"Sport can only be individual, like a prayer";
2715:
2475:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
1922:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
1851:
1702:
1700:
1622:
1620:
581:, rather than fundamentalist, for he opposed
482:
285:Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council
8:
2908:Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution
1706:Strokan SN Libya defends its principles / /
1538:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1276:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
273:Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution
1465:NATO's Failure in Libya: Lessons for Africa
1399:NATO's Failure in Libya: Lessons for Africa
1218:NATO's Failure in Libya: Lessons for Africa
2722:
2708:
2700:
1858:
1844:
1836:
521:, was the style of government proposed by
489:
475:
133:
54:
38:
2918:40th anniversary of the Libyan Revolution
1593:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1009:With the advent of globalization and the
1004:Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
447:Support for rebel and paramilitary groups
407:Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
2555:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
2485:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
2450:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
1468:. African Books Collective. p. 27.
1402:. African Books Collective. p. 27.
1221:. African Books Collective. p. 27.
565:. The theory also contained elements of
2430:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
2415:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
1737:Journal of the Russia in Global Affairs
1646:Journal of the Russia in Global Affairs
1505:"Mu'ammar Gaddafi: A Populist Approach"
1379:"Mu'ammar Gaddafi: A Populist Approach"
1184:John, Ronald Bruce St (15 March 2023).
1167:
1063:Politics of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
136:
3019:History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
2745:History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
2425:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
1722:The Green Book: Translated from Arabic
1710:. - 2005. - № 243 / P (№ 3327), pp. 17
1691:The Green Book: Translated from Arabic
1676:The Green Book: Translated from Arabic
1661:The Green Book: Translated from Arabic
1531:
1269:
680:History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
603:. It was also inspired in part by the
265:History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
1582:Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis
412:1970 expulsion of Italians from Libya
7:
2947:(Gaddafi National Mosque, 2007–2013)
1338:H-Alter – Udruga za medijsku kulturu
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
874:limiting the influence of the clergy
861:their rental apartments and houses.
2465:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
1462:Campbell, Horace (15 August 2013).
1396:Campbell, Horace (15 August 2013).
1215:Campbell, Horace (15 August 2013).
1097:Modification of the theory in Libya
1046:"people"). They both come from the
1022:
510:
2405:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
1927:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
1292:"The Middle East in Revolt - TIME"
1243:"The Middle East in Revolt - TIME"
674:Intellectual and political context
25:
2999:Anti-communism in the Middle East
2470:Palestine Liberation Organization
2684:
2683:
2410:Arabian Peninsula People's Union
2093:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
1127:
813:people's control over itself'."
648:The Green Book (Muammar Gaddafi)
297:Chairperson of the African Union
141:
2053:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
1509:All Digital Humanities Projects
1383:All Digital Humanities Projects
1332:Iveković, Ivan (3 April 2009).
529:, on which his government, the
432:West Berlin discotheque bombing
2495:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
2257:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
1187:Historical Dictionary of Libya
356:United States bombing of Libya
1:
3059:Syncretic political movements
1794:Libya: Third Universal Theory
1576:Hjärpe, Jan (1 August 1976).
1503:Beam, Jacob (12 April 2023).
1377:Beam, Jacob (12 April 2023).
1340:(in Croatian). Archived from
636:National Transitional Council
248:Revolutionary Command Council
2440:Federation of Arab Republics
2400:Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
2390:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
1991:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
1939:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
1800:Alternative political system
1086:The basis of justice is the
402:Federation of Arab Republics
2565:Flag of the Arab Federation
2395:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
2385:Arab Socialist Action Party
1029:
903:Public aspect of the theory
427:Weapons of mass destruction
350:Action in the Gulf of Sidra
3090:
2765:Third International Theory
2536:On the Way of Resurrection
2529:The Battle for One Destiny
2460:Lebanese National Movement
1901:Third International Theory
1633:. No. 23. p. 19.
1060:
895:for its connection to the
807:
677:
645:
503:Third International Theory
255:General People's Committee
196:Third International Theory
44:Third International Theory
29:
3004:Arab nationalism in Libya
2970:
2679:
2490:Unified Political Command
2380:Arab Nationalist Movement
2277:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
2073:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
1944:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
1720:Gaddafi, Muammar (2003).
1689:Gaddafi, Muammar (2003).
1674:Gaddafi, Muammar (2003).
1659:Gaddafi, Muammar (2003).
1423:Vandewalle, Dirk (1991).
1069:General People's Congress
822:General People's Congress
716:General People's Congress
590:socialist self-management
455:Elections and referendums
53:
1998:1952 Egyptian revolution
1192:Rowman & Littlefield
776:representative democracy
525:on 15 April 1973 in his
150:This article is part of
3074:Totalitarian ideologies
2789:international reactions
2651:Palestinian nationalism
2570:Flag of the Arab Revolt
2063:1966 Syrian coup d'état
2043:1963 Syrian coup d'état
2023:1961 Syrian coup d'état
998:Implementation in Libya
979:Relationship with Islam
291:Prime Minister of Libya
211:International reactions
122:Political position
2945:Uganda National Mosque
2078:1969 Libyan revolution
1956:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
1811:Open Directory Project
1595:10.30674/scripta.67108
1525:Libya, a Country Study
1263:Libya, a Country Study
1011:information revolution
661:
567:Islamic fundamentalism
515:Third Universal Theory
374:NATO invasion of Libya
368:First Libyan Civil War
3034:Left-wing nationalism
2832:Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
2636:Jordanian nationalism
2370:Arab Islamic Republic
2365:Arab Higher Committee
2242:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
2222:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
2033:North Yemen civil war
1966:Arab–Israeli conflict
1805:14 March 2017 at the
1038:. It is the feminine
967:and various kinds of
849:This part criticizes
678:Further information:
655:
513:), also known as the
2862:Saif al-Arab Gaddafi
2796:Reception and legacy
2738:History and politics
2671:Tunisian nationalism
2641:Lebanese nationalism
2601:Egyptian nationalism
2596:Algerian nationalism
2500:United Arab Republic
2375:Arab Liberation Army
2355:Arab Ba'ath Movement
2212:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1194:. pp. 356–358.
397:Libyan Arab Republic
241:Arab Socialist Union
218:Reception and legacy
2760:Cultural Revolution
2661:Sahrawi nationalism
2018:1959 Mosul uprising
1951:Great Syrian Revolt
1796:at country-data.com
1566:Harris 1986, p. 58.
1429:Middle East Journal
1298:. 22 February 2011.
1249:. 22 February 2011.
808:People's congresses
694:UN General Assembly
613:Three Worlds Theory
555:African nationalism
422:Cultural Revolution
338:Egyptian–Libyan War
99:African nationalism
3054:Socialism in Libya
3049:Political theories
2814:Fathia Nuri Khalid
2666:Syrian nationalism
2646:Libyan nationalism
2606:Greater Mauritania
2522:The Arab Awakening
2505:United Arab States
2480:Rejectionist Front
2287:Gamal Abdel Nasser
2098:Yemeni unification
2088:Lebanese Civil War
2068:17 July Revolution
2038:Ramadan Revolution
2013:14 July Revolution
1769:Rossiyskaya Gazeta
897:Lockerbie bombings
724:Abdessalam Jalloud
662:
551:left-wing populism
511:نظرية عالمية ثالثة
344:Chadian–Libyan War
332:Lebanese Civil War
320:Libyan coup d'état
103:Left-wing populism
47:نظرية عالمية ثالثة
3029:Islamism in Libya
3024:Islamic socialism
3014:Far-left politics
2994:African socialism
2981:
2980:
2755:Foreign relations
2750:Domestic politics
2697:
2696:
2626:Iraqi nationalism
2317:Constantin Zureiq
2167:Abdul Rahman Arif
2147:Butrus al-Bustani
1821:Site "Kaddafi.ru"
1475:978-0-7983-0370-5
1409:978-0-7983-0370-5
1228:978-0-7983-0370-5
1201:978-1-5381-5742-8
1114:centralization."
985:Islamic socialism
833:freedom of speech
768:political parties
720:Sabha Declaration
547:Islamic socialism
499:
498:
437:Lockerbie bombing
168:
167:
132:
131:
95:Islamic socialism
92:(since the 1990s)
87:(until the 1990s)
16:(Redirected from
3081:
2850:Hannibal Gaddafi
2844:Mutassim Gaddafi
2838:Al-Saadi Gaddafi
2826:Muhammad Gaddafi
2724:
2717:
2710:
2701:
2687:
2686:
2560:Eagle of Saladin
2267:Amin al-Husseini
2232:Faisal I of Iraq
2202:Sultan al-Atrash
2197:Mansur al-Atrash
2172:Abdul Salam Arif
1981:War of Attrition
1867:Arab nationalism
1860:
1853:
1846:
1837:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1717:
1711:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1597:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1529:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1492:. 17 March 2011.
1486:
1480:
1479:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1366:. 17 March 2011.
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1329:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1267:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1181:
1143:Gaddafi loyalism
1137:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1080:Direct democracy
1032:
1026:
927:monthly bleeding
889:Arab nationalism
690:anti-imperialist
621:Marxism–Leninism
563:direct democracy
543:Anti-imperialism
535:Arab nationalism
512:
491:
484:
477:
390:
313:
223:Gaddafi loyalism
186:Arab nationalism
164:
163:
161:
154:
153:
145:
138:
137:
134:
107:Direct democracy
77:Anti-imperialism
69:Arab nationalism
58:
39:
21:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3044:Muammar Gaddafi
2984:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2966:
2957:Tragedy Khadafi
2951:Gaddafi Stadium
2927:
2898:Amazonian Guard
2873:
2800:
2733:
2731:Muammar Gaddafi
2728:
2698:
2693:
2675:
2611:Greater Morocco
2584:
2580:Pan-Arab colors
2575:Hawk of Quraish
2541:
2509:
2360:Arab Federation
2321:
2307:Abdullah Rimawi
2282:Mostéfa Merarda
2237:Muammar Gaddafi
2217:Ahmed Ben Bella
2192:Jamal al-Atassi
2182:Bashar al-Assad
2133:
2102:
2083:Black September
1961:Anglo-Iraqi War
1905:
1869:
1864:
1807:Wayback Machine
1790:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1705:
1698:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1556:. 14 July 2012.
1552:
1551:
1547:
1530:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1344:on 27 July 2011
1331:
1330:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1183:
1182:
1169:
1164:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1099:
1065:
1059:
1000:
981:
905:
844:
810:
786:Parliamentarism
759:
736:
682:
676:
650:
644:
605:Little Red Book
523:Muammar Gaddafi
495:
466:
451:
417:1973 oil crisis
384:
379:
307:
302:
260:
229:
160:Muammar Gaddafi
159:
157:
156:
155:
151:
149:
148:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
83:
79:
75:
71:
49:
48:
45:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3087:
3085:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3009:Arab socialism
3006:
3001:
2996:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2939:Gaddafi Mosque
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2881:
2879:
2878:Related topics
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2868:Khamis Gaddafi
2865:
2859:
2856:Ayesha Gaddafi
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2810:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2781:
2778:The Green Book
2774:
2771:Escape to Hell
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2704:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2589:Related topics
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2455:Islamic Legion
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2345:Al-Mourabitoun
2342:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2312:Hamdeen Sabahi
2309:
2304:
2302:Fuad al-Rikabi
2299:
2294:
2292:Adnan Pachachi
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2262:Saddam Hussein
2259:
2254:
2252:Sati' al-Husri
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2187:Hafez al-Assad
2184:
2179:
2177:Zaki al-Arsuzi
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2058:Aden Emergency
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2003:Iraqi Intifada
2000:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1986:Yom Kippur War
1983:
1978:
1973:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1881:Arab socialism
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1797:
1789:
1788:External links
1786:
1783:
1782:
1773:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1727:
1712:
1696:
1681:
1666:
1651:
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1568:
1559:
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1454:
1435:(2): 216–231.
1415:
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1283:
1252:
1234:
1227:
1207:
1200:
1166:
1165:
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1159:
1158:
1154:The Green Book
1150:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1122:
1119:
1098:
1095:
1076:state religion
1061:Main article:
1058:
1055:
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996:
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952:
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901:
843:
840:
809:
806:
758:
757:"People Power"
755:
754:
753:
750:
747:
735:
732:
705:state religion
675:
672:
667:The Green Book
660:summit in 2009
646:Main article:
643:
640:
601:Edvard Kardelj
497:
496:
494:
493:
486:
479:
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468:
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442:UTA Flight 772
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201:The Green Book
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183:
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170:
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152:a series about
146:
130:
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117:
90:Pan-Africanism
66:
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59:
51:
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43:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
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2:
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3020:
3017:
3015:
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3007:
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2911:
2909:
2906:
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2903:Bab al-Azizia
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2870:(seventh son)
2869:
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2860:
2857:
2854:
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2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2822:(second wife)
2821:
2820:Safia Farkash
2818:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2806:Personal life
2803:
2797:
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2790:
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2779:
2775:
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2742:
2740:
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2816:(first wife)
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2656:Pan-Islamism
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2420:Ba'ath Party
2297:Ameen Rihani
2157:Jassem Alwan
2152:Michel Aflaq
2008:Algerian War
1934:Iraqi Revolt
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1342:the original
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115:Anti-Zionism
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3069:Pan-Arabism
2962:Yaki Kadafi
2864:(sixth son)
2852:(fifth son)
2840:(third son)
2828:(first son)
2350:Arab Ba'ath
2272:Salah Jadid
2129:Arabization
1976:Six-Day War
1971:Suez Crisis
1917:Arab Revolt
1896:Pan-Arabism
1609:25 December
772:referendums
625:Third World
559:Pan-Arabism
383:Leadership
364:(1986–1987)
346:(1978–1987)
299:(2009–2010)
293:(1970–1972)
287:(1969–1977)
281:(1977–1979)
275:(1979–2011)
85:Pan-Arabism
3039:Patriotism
2988:Categories
2953:(Pakistan)
2941:(Tanzania)
2858:(daughter)
2514:Literature
2207:Tariq Aziz
2124:Arab world
2119:Arab Union
2048:Dhofar War
1816:Green Book
1708:Kommersant
1348:14 October
851:wage labor
764:parliament
642:Background
617:capitalism
609:Mao Zedong
597:Yugoslavia
362:Toyota War
176:Early life
18:Jamahiriya
3064:Nasserism
2932:Namesakes
2888:newspaper
2547:Symbolism
1891:Nasserism
1886:Ba'athism
1826:Ryasov AV
1604:2343-4937
1588:: 56–71.
1534:cite book
1441:0026-3141
1272:cite book
1036:neologism
969:wrestling
893:sanctions
842:Socialism
575:blasphemy
539:Nasserism
519:Gaddafism
306:Military
191:Nasserism
127:Left-wing
73:Nasserism
32:Comintern
2886:Al-Shams
2689:Category
2631:Islamism
2340:Al-Fatat
2107:Concepts
1874:Ideology
1803:Archived
1739:(1): 32.
1648:(1): 31.
1121:See also
1024:جماهيرية
734:Doctrine
611:and the
583:Salafism
579:Islamist
81:Islamism
64:Ideology
2923:Isratin
2784:Killing
2335:Al-Awda
1910:History
1449:4328274
1156:(Libya)
1050:J-M-H.
1015:Gaddafi
632:utopian
594:Titoist
387:History
206:Killing
1830:review
1630:Pravda
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1044:Jumhur
1019:Arabic
965:Boxing
770:, and
571:Qur'an
507:Arabic
376:(2011)
370:(2011)
358:(1986)
352:(1986)
340:(1977)
334:(1976)
328:(1973)
322:(1969)
2913:GICDF
2435:Fatah
1445:JSTOR
1162:Notes
1107:Sirte
1088:Quran
1040:nisba
1611:2021
1600:ISSN
1540:link
1470:ISBN
1437:ISSN
1404:ISBN
1350:2020
1296:Time
1278:link
1247:Time
1223:ISBN
1196:ISBN
1048:root
688:The
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