33:
1128:
Traditionally, all cone shells have been included in the
Linnaean genus Conus. Tucker & Tenorio (2009) have recently proposed an alternative shell- and radula-based classification that recognizes 4 families and 80 genera of cones. In WoRMS, we currently still recognize a single family Conidae
417:
is paucispiral with 1.5 whorls. The anal notch is deep, and the anterior notch is absent. The early whorls are not nodulose but may be ornamented by an undulating carina. Later whorls may be ornamented with nodules. Cords are absent on the whorls. The
434:
is shorter than the posterior section, and the blade is short. A posterior fold is present, and the posterior blade is absent. A basal spur is present, and the barb is short. A shaft fold is present and is blunt at its anterior
1086:
Petuch E.J. & Sargent D.M. (2011) New species of
Conidae and Conilithidae (Gastropoda) from the tropical Americas and Philippines. With notes on some poorly-known Floridian species. Visaya 3(3): 37-58.
360:
has an elongated anterior section with serrations and a large exposed terminating cusp, a non-obvious waist, blade is either small or absent and has a short barb, and lacks a basal spur.
348:
is usually multispiral. Markings often include the presence of tents except for black or white color variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars.
1448:
1074:
Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011). "A new operational classification of the
Conoidea". Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273-308.
298:
972:
was initially begun by
Christopher Meyer and Alan Kohn, and is continuing, particularly with the advent of nuclear DNA testing in addition to mDNA testing.
1435:
1065:
Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009), Systematic
Classification of Recent and Fossil Conoidean Gastropods, ConchBooks, Hankenheim, Germany, 295 pp.
1098:
1388:
1129:(following Puillandre et al. 2011), but Tucker & Tenorio's 80 genera classification is presented as "alternative representation".
1487:
996:
986:
478:
519:
266:
In the new classification of the family
Conidae by Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015),
1140:
A new, distinct endemic
Africonus species (Gastropoda, Conidae) from Sao Vicente Island, Cape Verde Archipelago, West Africa
1338:
999:
as "alternative representations." Debate within the scientific community regarding this issue continues, and additional
1520:
995:. The binomial names of species in the 82 cone snail genera listed in Tucker & Tenorio 2009 are recognized by the
975:
However, in 2011, some experts still prefer to use the traditional classification, where all species are placed in
918:
that were in the family. Their classification proposed 3 distinct families and 82 genera for the living species of
1299:
New species of
Gradiconus and Kohniconus from the western Atlantic (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Conidae, Conilithidae).
779:
1258:
914:. In 2009 however, J.K. Tucker and M.J. Tenorio proposed a classification system for the over 600 recognized
1362:
Genetic divergence and geographical variation in the deep-water Conus orbignyi complex (Mollusca: Conoidea)
1286:
Genetic divergence and geographical variation in the deep-water Conus orbignyi complex (Mollusca: Conoidea)
1403:
763:
1474:
603:
531:
341:
1102:
336:
The basic shell shape is conical to elongated conical, has a deep anal notch on the shoulder, a smooth
1218:
Species-level phylogeography and evolutionary history of the hyperdiverse marine gastropod genus Conus
1492:
1351:
1025:
Bouchet, P. (2015). Jaspidiconus Petuch, 2003. Accessed through: World
Register of Marine Species at
930:
1374:
1026:
1179:
The mitochondrial genome of Conus textile, coxI-conII intergenic sequences and conoidean evolution.
1122:
1000:
965:
1205:
Patterns of cladogenesis in the venomous marine gastropod genus Conus from the Cape Verde
Islands
615:
543:
195:
55:
1177:
P.K. Bandyopadhyay, B.J. Stevenson, J.P. Ownby, M.T. Cady, M. Watkins, & B. Olivera (2008),
1479:
1461:
1453:
839:
675:
639:
567:
32:
1466:
1379:
1515:
887:
253:
1273:
The genus Benthofascis (Gastropoda: Conoidea): a revision with descriptions of new species.
927:
875:
803:
791:
747:
687:
627:
579:
507:
108:
103:
41:
1164:
N. Puillandre, E. Strong, P. Bouchet, M. Boisselier, V. Couloux, & S. Samadi (2009),
949:, with comparisons to molecular (DNA) studies. Published accounts of genera within the
851:
827:
723:
699:
651:
236:
1509:
1244:
Inferring the mode of speciation in the Indo-West Pacific Conus (Gastropoda: Conidae)
863:
711:
663:
591:
444:
320:
113:
954:
923:
555:
419:
369:
337:
177:
1192:
Did tectonic activity stimulate Oligo-Miocene speciation in the Indo-West Pacific?
1099:"SEASHELL COLLECTOR | Interview of Pr Alan Kohn, Professor Emeritus, Zoology"
867:(Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) (alternate representation, original combination)
807:(Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) (alternate representation, original combination)
739:(Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) (alternate representation, original combination)
667:(Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) (alternate representation, original combination)
619:(Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) (alternate representation, original combination)
571:(Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) (alternate representation, original combination)
559:(Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) (alternate representation, original combination)
815:
283:
150:
1426:
1166:
Identifying gastropod spawn from DNA barcodes: possible but not yet practicable
1006:
All this has been superseded in 2015 by the new classification of the Conidae
946:
942:
735:
460:
414:
345:
90:
456:
381:
239:
232:
1041:
1042:
Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015).
961:
include J.K. Tucker & M.J. Tenorio (2009), and Bouchet et al. (2011).
1420:
228:
125:
78:
1440:
982:
969:
950:
938:
919:
915:
905:
901:
385:
256:
242:
137:
1257:
A second species of Pseudoconorbis (Gastropoda: Conoidea) from India.
1151:
P. Bouchet, Yu I. Kantor, A. Sysoev, and N. Puillandre (March 2011),
985:: for example, according to the current November 2011 version of the
934:
431:
357:
66:
1397:
1333:, 1758-1840". Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London.
1003:
studies are being carried out in an attempt to clarify the issue.
991:
977:
910:
483:
260:
246:
1027:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=456435
1360:
Puillandre N., Meyer C.P., Bouchet P., and Olivera B.M. (2011),
1284:
Puillandre N., Meyer C.P., Bouchet P., and Olivera B.M. (2011),
1123:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14107
1044:
One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails
1401:
1231:
Explosive radiation of Cape Verde Conus, a marine species flock
1096:
Interview of Professor Alan Kohn, Professor Emeritus, Zoology
1271:
Tucker, J. K., Tenorio, M. J. & Stahlschmidt, P. (2011)
1203:
R.L. Cunha, R. Castilho, L. Ruber, & R. Zardoya (2005),
989:, all species within the family Conidae are in the genus
476:
This list of species is based on the information in the
344:. The shoulder of the shell is usually nodulose and the
843:(Petuch & Sargent, 2011) (alternate representation)
643:(Petuch & Sargent, 2011) (alternate representation)
1155:, Journal of Molluscan Studies 77:273-308, at p. 275.
795:(Petuch & Myers, 2014) (alternate representation)
715:(Petuch & Myers, 2014) (alternate representation)
607:(Petuch & Myers, 2014) (alternate representation)
1082:
1080:
1410:
1220:, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34:257-272.
1349:Technology and the Fall of the Mono-Generic Family
1181:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46: 215-223.
1153:A New Operational Classification of the Conoidea
1138:C.M.L. Afonso & M.J. Tenorio (August 2011),
1312:Compendium of Florida Fossil Shells, Volume 1
523:(Cossignani, 2014) (alternate representation)
427:Radular tooth (not known for fossil species)
410:Shell characters (living and fossil species)
353:Radular tooth (not known for fossil species)
333:Shell characters (living and fossil species)
8:
1393:setting forth the genera recognized therein.
1384:setting forth the genera recognized therein.
1255:Tucker, J. K. & Stahlschmidt, P. (2010)
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1037:
1035:
896:Significance of "alternative representation"
1190:S.T. Williams & T.F. Duda, Jr. (2008),
861:Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014: synonym of
801:Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014: synonym of
733:Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014: synonym of
661:Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014: synonym of
613:Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014: synonym of
565:Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014: synonym of
553:Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014: synonym of
1398:
1314:MDM Publications, Wellington, FL., 432 pp.
1297:Tucker, J. K. & Tenorio, M. J. (2011)
1168:, Molecular Ecology Resources 9:1311-1321.
964:Testing in order to try to understand the
31:
20:
855:(Petuch, 2013) (alternate representation)
535:(Petuch, 2013) (alternate representation)
1046:. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23
813:(Hwass in Bruguière, 1792): synonym of
721:(Hwass in Bruguière, 1792): synonym of
1246:, Journal of Biogeography 32:1429-1439.
1216:T.F. Duda, Jr. & A.J. Kohn (2005),
1021:
1019:
1015:
891:Rehder, 1944 (alternate representation)
837:Petuch & Sargent, 2011: synonym of
637:Petuch & Sargent, 2011: synonym of
1229:T.F. Duda, Jr. & E. Rolan (2005),
904:species were placed within the family
497:(G. B. Sowerby II, 1866): synonym of J
422:is smooth, and the operculum is small.
413:The shell is turbinate in shape. The
926:. This classification was based upon
789:Petuch & Myers, 2014: synonym of
709:Petuch & Myers, 2014: synonym of
601:Petuch & Myers, 2014: synonym of
505:(G. B. Sowerby II, 1866): synonym of
7:
486:) list. Species within the subgenus
1375:To World Register of Marine Species
1301:Miscellanea Malacologica 5(1):1-16.
40:Apertural and abapertural views of
1364:, Zoologica Scripta 40(4) 350-363.
1288:, Zoologica Scripta 40(4) 350-363.
299:Tucker & Tenorio 2009 taxonomy
14:
1207:Systematic Biology 54(4):634-650.
997:World Register of Marine Species
987:World Register of Marine Species
775:Jaspidiconus jaspideus pfluegeri
589:(Cossignani, 2007): synonym of
479:World Register of Marine Species
1233:, Molecular Ecology 14:267-272.
515:Jaspidiconus alexandremonteiroi
443:These species are found in the
368:These species are found in the
1310:Petuch & Drolshage (2011)
908:and were placed in one genus,
520:Conasprella alexandremonteiroi
293:Distinguishing characteristics
1:
1142:, Gloria Maris 50(5): 124-135
761:(Green, 1830) represented as
759:Jaspidiconus jaspideus pealii
517:Cossignani, 2014: synonym of
430:The anterior sections of the
873:(Conrad, 1869): synonym of
825:(Petuch, 1988): synonym of
777:Petuch, 2003 represented as
685:(Gmelin, 1791): synonym of
673:(Petuch, 1979): synonym of
649:(Coltro, 2004): synonym of
599:Jaspidiconus damasomonteiroi
577:(Clench, 1953): synonym of
541:(Crosse, 1865): synonym of
495:Jaspidiconus acutimarginatus
459:, meaning that they prey on
885:(Rehder, 1944): synonym of
1537:
1337:Monteiro A. (ed.) (2007).
1329:Chronological Taxonomy of
757:(Green, 1840): synonym of
440:Geographical distribution
365:Geographical distribution
279:Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
981:within the single family
957:) that include the genus
849:Petuch, 2013: synonym of
780:Conus jaspideus pfluegeri
773:Petuch, 2003: synonym of
745:Petuch, 2013: synonym of
697:Petuch, 2013: synonym of
625:Petuch, 2013: synonym of
611:Jaspidiconus ericmonnieri
539:Jaspidiconus anaglypticus
529:Petuch, 2013: synonym of
276:Conasprella (Ximeniconus)
270:has become a subgenus of
204:Conasprella (Ximeniconus)
201:
194:
183:
176:
56:Scientific classification
54:
46:Conus jaspideus pfluegeri
39:
30:
23:
1259:Miscellanea Malacologica
1242:B. Vallejo, Jr. (2005),
835:Jaspidiconus roatanensis
819:Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
727:Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
703:Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
695:Jaspidiconus mackintoshi
635:Jaspidiconus fluviamaris
563:Jaspidiconus berschaueri
380:These species eat other
1194:Evolution 62:1618-1634.
922:, including the family
883:Jaspidiconus vanhyningi
623:Jaspidiconus exumaensis
309:in the following ways:
207:Emerson & Old, 1962
1347:Berschauer D. (2010).
871:Jaspidiconus stearnsii
799:Jaspidiconus poremskii
787:Jaspidiconus pomponeti
771:Jaspidiconus pfluegeri
764:Conus jaspideus pealii
683:Jaspidiconus jaspideus
575:Jaspidiconus branhamae
527:Jaspidiconus allamandi
16:Subgenus of gastropods
1475:Paleobiology Database
847:Jaspidiconus sargenti
823:Jaspidiconus rachelae
743:Jaspidiconus oleiniki
719:Jaspidiconus mindanus
647:Jaspidiconus henckesi
604:Conus damasomonteiroi
532:Conasprella allamandi
499:aspidiconus jaspideus
859:Jaspidiconus simonei
707:Jaspidiconus marinae
659:Jaspidiconus herndli
587:Jaspidiconus damasoi
1521:Gastropod subgenera
1352:The Cone Collector
1339:The Cone Collector
1327:Kohn A. A. (1992).
1001:molecular phylogeny
966:molecular phylogeny
900:Prior to 2009, all
755:Jaspidiconus pealii
551:Jaspidiconus arawak
1275:Zootaxa 2796:1-14.
811:Jaspidiconus pusio
671:Jaspidiconus iansa
616:Conus ericmonnieri
544:Conus anaglypticus
455:These species are
263:and their allies.
1503:
1502:
1462:Open Tree of Life
1404:Taxon identifiers
840:Conus roatanensis
731:Jaspidiconus ogum
676:Conasprella iansa
640:Conus fluviamaris
568:Conus berschaueri
403:
326:
289:
280:
220:
219:
215:
208:
189:
50:
1528:
1496:
1495:
1483:
1482:
1470:
1469:
1457:
1456:
1444:
1443:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1399:
1389:Gastropods.com:
1380:Gastropods.com:
1315:
1308:
1302:
1295:
1289:
1282:
1276:
1269:
1263:
1253:
1247:
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1234:
1227:
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1214:
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1201:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1143:
1136:
1130:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1101:. Archived from
1094:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1023:
888:Conus vanhyningi
595:Cossignani, 2007
401:
324:
287:
278:
213:
206:
187:
48:
35:
21:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1478:
1473:
1465:
1460:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1406:
1371:
1324:
1322:Further reading
1319:
1318:
1309:
1305:
1296:
1292:
1283:
1279:
1270:
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1254:
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1241:
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1215:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1172:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1146:
1137:
1133:
1126:Classification:
1121:
1117:
1108:
1106:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1051:
1040:
1033:
1024:
1017:
1012:
898:
876:Conus stearnsii
804:Conus poremskii
792:Conus pomponeti
748:Conus jaspideus
688:Conus jaspideus
628:Conus jaspideus
580:Conus branhamae
508:Conus jaspideus
503:acutimarginatus
474:
452:Feeding habits
377:Feeding habits
295:
281:represented as
209:represented as
190:
185:Conus jaspideus
172:
169:
168:
154:
140:
128:
116:
111:
109:Hypsogastropoda
106:
104:Caenogastropoda
93:
81:
69:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1534:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1500:
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1471:
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1445:
1432:
1416:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1370:
1369:External links
1367:
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1031:
1014:
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1011:
1008:
897:
894:
893:
892:
880:
868:
856:
852:Conus sargenti
844:
832:
828:Conus rachelae
820:
808:
796:
784:
768:
752:
740:
728:
724:Conus mindanus
716:
704:
700:Conus mindanus
692:
680:
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656:
652:Conus henckesi
644:
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325:Linnaeus, 1758
301:distinguishes
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1197:
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1154:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1105:on 2012-02-27
1104:
1100:
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1090:
1083:
1081:
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1068:
1062:
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1058:
1056:
1054:
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1047:
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1038:
1036:
1032:
1029:on 2015-03-18
1028:
1022:
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1016:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
993:
988:
984:
980:
979:
973:
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962:
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948:
944:
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937:differences,
936:
932:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
912:
907:
903:
895:
890:
889:
884:
881:
878:
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872:
869:
866:
865:
864:Conus simonei
860:
857:
854:
853:
848:
845:
842:
841:
836:
833:
830:
829:
824:
821:
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741:
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712:Conus marinae
708:
705:
702:
701:
696:
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684:
681:
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669:
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664:Conus herndli
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633:
630:
629:
624:
621:
618:
617:
612:
609:
606:
605:
600:
597:
594:
593:
592:Conus damasoi
588:
585:
582:
581:
576:
573:
570:
569:
564:
561:
558:
557:
552:
549:
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485:
481:
480:
471:
462:
458:
454:
453:
451:
446:
445:West Atlantic
442:
441:
439:
433:
432:radular tooth
429:
428:
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421:
416:
412:
411:
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396:
395:
387:
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379:
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367:
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355:
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335:
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332:
331:
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329:
323:
322:
321:sensu stricto
318:
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312:
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308:
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292:
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286:
285:
277:
273:
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127:
123:
121:Superfamily:
120:
119:
115:
114:Neogastropoda
110:
105:
100:
97:
96:
92:
88:
85:
84:
80:
76:
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72:
68:
64:
61:
60:
57:
53:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1412:Jaspidiconus
1411:
1391:Conilithidae
1390:
1381:
1361:
1353:
1348:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1311:
1306:
1298:
1293:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1267:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1238:
1230:
1225:
1217:
1212:
1204:
1199:
1191:
1186:
1178:
1173:
1165:
1160:
1152:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1125:
1118:
1107:. Retrieved
1103:the original
1092:
1070:
1043:
1005:
990:
976:
974:
963:
959:Jaspidiconus
958:
955:Conilithidae
924:Conilithidae
909:
899:
886:
882:
879:Conrad, 1869
874:
870:
862:
858:
850:
846:
838:
834:
831:Petuch, 1988
826:
822:
814:
810:
802:
798:
790:
786:
783:Petuch, 2003
778:
774:
770:
762:
758:
754:
751:Gmelin, 1791
746:
742:
734:
730:
722:
718:
710:
706:
698:
694:
691:Gmelin, 1791
686:
682:
679:Petuch, 1979
674:
670:
662:
658:
655:Coltro, 2004
650:
646:
638:
634:
631:Gmelin, 1791
626:
622:
614:
610:
602:
598:
590:
586:
583:Clench, 1953
578:
574:
566:
562:
556:Conus arawak
554:
550:
547:Crosse, 1865
542:
538:
530:
526:
518:
514:
511:Gmelin, 1791
506:
502:
498:
494:
488:Jaspidiconus
487:
477:
475:
420:periostracum
402:Petuch, 2003
399:Jaspidiconus
398:
370:Indo-Pacific
340:and a small
338:periostracum
319:
315:
314:
306:
303:Jaspidiconus
302:
296:
288:Thiele, 1929
282:
275:
271:
268:Jaspidiconus
267:
265:
249:
224:Jaspidiconus
223:
222:
221:
214:Thiele, 1929
210:
203:
202:
188:Gmelin, 1791
184:
178:Type species
171:Petuch, 2003
165:Jaspidiconus
164:
163:
149:
98:(unranked):
49:Petuch, 2004
45:
25:Jaspidiconus
24:
18:
1357:: pp. 51-54
1262:4(3):31-34.
920:cone snails
816:Conus pusio
767:Green, 1830
457:vermivorous
284:Conasprella
272:Conasprella
261:cone snails
250:Conasprella
211:Conasprella
151:Conasprella
1510:Categories
1109:2011-12-04
1010:References
947:cladistics
943:physiology
931:morphology
736:Conus ogum
461:polychaete
415:protoconch
384:including
382:gastropods
346:protoconch
233:sea snails
159:Subgenus:
91:Gastropoda
490:include:
397:Subgenus
342:operculum
240:gastropod
62:Kingdom:
1427:Q6164113
1421:Wikidata
243:mollusks
229:subgenus
196:Synonyms
133:Family:
126:Conoidea
79:Mollusca
74:Phylum:
67:Animalia
1516:Conidae
1467:2904105
1454:1467720
1441:6511586
1382:Conidae
1344:: 1-28.
983:Conidae
970:Conidae
968:of the
951:Conidae
939:anatomy
935:radular
916:species
906:Conidae
472:Species
447:region.
372:region.
257:Conidae
245:in the
145:Genus:
138:Conidae
86:Class:
1493:456435
463:worms.
358:radula
313:Genus
259:, the
254:family
237:marine
112:clade
107:clade
102:clade
1488:WoRMS
1480:82797
1449:IRMNG
1331:Conus
992:Conus
978:Conus
928:shell
911:Conus
484:WoRMS
386:cones
316:Conus
307:Conus
305:from
247:genus
227:is a
42:shell
1436:GBIF
953:(or
902:cone
435:end.
356:The
297:The
501:f.
252:,
231:of
44:of
1512::
1490::
1477::
1464::
1451::
1438::
1423::
1354:15
1079:^
1052:^
1034:^
1018:^
945:,
941:,
933:,
274::
235:,
1341:1
1112:.
482:(
388:.
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