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A dozen skeletons have been found in the so-called Hall of the Dead, located midway between the entrance and the paintings. From their positions, some extended and some in a fetal position, and their condition, covered with a stalactite crust, the skeletons are assumed to be ancient interments.
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at a much smaller figure crouched to his side and is carrying a long snake or snakelike object. This 2 meter (6 foot) tall painting is one of the rare Olmec-style portrayals of human-on-human dominance, which some researchers interpret as a scene of
168:(1200-900 BC, uncalibrated)" in date. Juxtalhuaca is, so far as is known, unassociated with any large town of that period. It is also not known how Olmec-influenced art came to be painted hundreds of kilometres (or miles) from the
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The most well-known of the cave art is
Painting 1, which features a large bearded man with a black cloak, a striped tunic, and an elaborate headpiece. The arms and legs are covered with
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with green plumes, near a red jaguar whose large ears and eyes give it a youthful cast. A design that has provisionally been interpreted as a temple was found on a stalagmite.
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The site's paintings have been estimated to be over a kilometre down a long cavern: descent times are roughly two hours and some passages are partially filled with water.
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Just before the paintings, a 250-foot (80 m) artificial canal was cut into the red clay floor of the cave. The purpose of this canal is not known.
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The cave paintings have been known since at least the 1920s, but were first professionally documented in the early 1960s by
Gillett Griffin of
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may have obscured the object so that it is seen as a snake-like object and a belt around the smaller figure.
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in what is now a
National Park. The entire cave system is slightly over 5 km. The caves, also called
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fur, and a small jaguar tail is even visible dangling down. The man is brandishing a
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369:", Third Palenque Round Table, eds. Robertson, Merle Greene; Jeffers, Donnan Call.
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cave, Juxtlahuaca walls contain the earliest sophisticated painted art known in
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The
Juxtlahuaca site is located some 45 km southeast of the state capital
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172:. Caves are prominent on many Olmec-style monuments: several Olmec "
106:. The caves are open to the public, but a local guide is required.
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Archaeology of
Ancient Mexico and Central America: an Encyclopedia
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Grove, David C. (2000) "Caves of
Guerrero (Guerrero, Mexico)", in
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The other two prominent displays of human-on-human domination are
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Some have seen this as a rope that is tied to the smaller figure:
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Juxtlahuaca and other Olmec-related sites in the
Formative Period.
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383:; University of Nevada - Las Vegas, accessed February 2007.
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and Carlo T. E. Gay, an
Italian businessman. Archaeologist
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Some have been partially buried as a result of a cave-in.
102:("Grottos of Juxtlahuaca"), are a favorite destination of
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has estimated that the paintings "might probably be
149:Also of note in Juxtlahuaca is a painting of a red
180:, to the north of Juxtlahuaca, also feature cave
349:Image of an Olmec ruler at Juxtlahuaca, Mexico
62:motifs and iconography. Along with the nearby
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337:, American Heritage Publishing, New York.
219:Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures
16:For the town by this name in Oaxaca, see
360:The Olmecs: America's First Civilization
196:A photo of the ruler and smaller figure.
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445:Cave sites in Mesoamerican archaeology
388:"Regional Variation in Maya Cave Art"
342:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
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392:Journal of Cave and Karst Studies
465:Archaeological sites in Guerrero
70:, and only known example of non-
381:Slide show on Juxtlahuaca cave
376:, ed. Evans, Susan; Routledge.
362:, Thames & Hudson, London.
355:Vol 79 No 305, September 2005.
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277:'s Monument 2 and Altar 4 at
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365:Griffin, Gillett G. (1978) "
335:America's First Civilization
27:Painting 1 from Juxtlahuaca.
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344:London: Thames and Hudson.
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416:17.4392667°N 99.1594528°W
358:Diehl, Richard A. (2004)
347:Coe, Michael D. (2005); "
340:Coe, Michael D. (2002);
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367:Cresterías of Palenque
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145:The feathered serpent.
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35:Spanish pronunciation:
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470:Landforms of Guerrero
386:Stone, Andrea (1997)
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100:Grutas de Juxtlahuaca
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39:[xuʃtɬaˈwaka]
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158:Princeton University
18:Santiago Juxtlahuaca
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44:archaeological site
440:Mesoamerican sites
317:Coe (1968), p. 99.
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224:Teopantecuanitlan
151:Feathered Serpent
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136:human sacrifice
121:The red jaguar.
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68:Mesoamerica
54:containing
32:Juxtlahuaca
460:Wild caves
434:Categories
325:References
104:spelunkers
64:Oxtotitlán
353:Antiquity
262:flowstone
279:La Venta
208:See also
82:The cave
76:cave art
52:Guerrero
333:(1968)
131:trident
46:in the
182:motifs
174:altars
127:jaguar
56:murals
230:Notes
74:deep
60:Olmec
72:Maya
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