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the museum was theoretically supported by
Lithuanian and Soviet authorities, they provided few resources, assigning the organisers no budget and only giving them a burnt out former Ghetto building as a headquarters. Following the end of the war in 1945, it became clear that the volunteers' work was incompatible with the priorities of Soviet authorities, who burnt 30 tons of cache materials and, having demanded that any publicly displayed books be reviewed by a censor, simply refused to return any that were submitted.
644:; after local anti-communists swore to boycott his lecture, he extended his time there for an extra day, speaking to hundreds about his experience as a Ghetto fighter. Wanting to see his family again, he decided to travel by plane rather than the longer train route, and was on the flight to Buenos Aires from Mendoza on 23 April 1954, when it crashed shortly after takeoff, killing everyone on board (see also
411:('United Partisans Organisation'), Kaczerginski fought in the Vilna Ghetto resistance and escaped with the survivors to the surrounding forests. Working along Sutzkever as the historian of the FPO's Vitnberg Brigade, he translated many Soviet fighting songs into Yiddish and during his service with a Soviet unit wrote the "uncharacteristically grisly-worded"
482:('collector') of Jewish music in 1944, considering the partisan and ghetto songs to be "the martyrs’ last will and testament to future generations" and worthy of preservation. Lacking formal musical training, Kaczerginski instead memorised each song, interviewing former comrades and other survivors, before having them transcribed by
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and other FPO survivors to go about rebuilding Jewish culture and digging up the hidden Paper
Brigade caches. He founded the Vilna Museum of Jewish Art and Culture, later known as the Vilna Jewish Museum, the first post-Holocaust Jewish museum in Europe, with some of the recovered materials. Although
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with his second wife, Meri Szutan, with whom he had his only child, Liliane (Libele) Kaczerginski, born March 5, 1947. Liliane, known as
Liliana Cordova, lives between Paris and Madrid, is a co-founder of The International Jewish Antizionist Network (IJAN, founded in 2008 in San Francisco, USA), and
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from destruction. The author, editor or publisher of most of the first post-Holocaust songbooks, Kaczerginski was responsible for preserving over 250 Holocaust songs – the majority of those still known. Despite the enduring popularity of many of his own works, and the importance of his labours to
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Kaczerginski himself has become "largely anonymous", and is little known outside of
Yiddish language circles despite the enduring popularity of many of his songs. Despite this, he is considered to have been tremendously influential: having collected over 250 Holocaust songs during his time as a
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evoked powerful manifestations of affection and enthusiasm for the fighter and singer of
Yiddish Vilna and for the indefatigable developer of a new Yiddish culture. was a great occasion in the life of the Argentine community and thousands of people will long, long remember the grand reception
396:(ERR)—the Nazi organisation tasked with stealing or destroying Jewish cultural property—dictated that the Jewish literary archives in Vilna be categorised and burnt, Kaczerginski was one of the Ghetto residents forced to help them. Along with other labourers working on the project, including
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named Hirsh
Ayzenshtat, whose shop apparently served a mostly proletarian clientele. Around this time Kaczerginski was drawn into local circles of the outlawed communist party, and published his first writings – articles concerning class struggle and the living conditions of workers.
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On March 5, 1947 at 7:10 a.m., at 15 Santerre Street, Liliane was born to
Szmariahu Kaczerginski, born in Vilnius (Poland) on October 28, 1908, without profession, and to Meri Szutan, his wife, born in Swiencian (Poland), on June 17, 1913, without profession, and residing at 133 Boulevard
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Local leftists vehemently opposed
Kaczerginski due to his explicit conversion away from communism, and often disrupted his speaking engagements. Despite this he maintained a heavy pace of lecturing, songwriting and journalism, writing for the Israeli Labor Party newspaper
550:. His employment with the Parisian Jewish Culture Congress allowed him to visit the United States in 1948 to attend the World Jewish Cultural Conference, and he used the opportunity to take speaking engagements in 30 different cities before returning to Paris.
495:, the first post-war Jewish songbook in Poland and the first songbook to explicitly include "ghetto songs". Having undergone a political transformation during the war and early Soviet occupation, he shifted from communism to an engagement with Zionism, writing
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honoring him and the overflowing halls during his first lectures, to which the audience listened with bated breath. Within a short time he had won the greatest affection of
Argentine Jewry. His friends numbered in the hundreds, perhaps in the thousands.
348:, returning to Vilna in June 1940. Working with various Jewish writers organisations, his initial enthusiasm for the Soviet cause was soured by the shutting or censoring of many newspapers and publishing organisations, along with the arrest of
318:. Kaczerginski was responsible for organisational work and editing, along with writing "animated, sometimes incendiary verses" that were extremely popular with the group's audience. In parallel, he worked for the Yiddish-language newspaper
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After departing Vilna (and experiencing extreme anti-semitism in Moscow), Kaczerginski moved to the largely-intact city of Łódź, where he was employed by the
Central Jewish Historical Commission. Kaczerginski had begun working as a
660:, his loss marked "the inescapable end of the Old World Yiddish cultural community, already decimated and dispersed". Sutzkever, having heard of the accident in Tel Aviv, simply telegrammed the Kaczerginski family
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Renowned during his lifetime as a poet and writer, Kaczerginski dedicated much of his time after the start of the Second World War to collecting pre-war Yiddish songs and songs of the Holocaust in order to save
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is currently an activist in the Palestine solidarity movement. In 1950 the family moved to Buenos Aires. Shmerke Kaczerginski was killed in a plane crash in Argentina in 1954, at the age of 45.
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Accordingly, Kaczerginski and others prepared to smuggle the collection yet again—this time to the United States. Volunteers took the books across the border to Poland, enlisting the help of
38:
595:, after a job offer from the Jewish Cultural Congress, and they sailed there in May 1950. Already famous as a result of both his lecturing and publication, Kaczerginski's arrival:
279:, to Volf and Alte Kaczerginski. Both of his parents died in early 1914, leaving Kaczerginski and his younger brother Yankl in the care of their grandfather. He was sent to the
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contacts to move them into non-Soviet Europe. From there much of the material went to New York, although some was retained by Sutzkever (who later gave his material to the
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The remainder of the 1940s saw a writing rate that was "productive even by his own industrious standards". 1947 saw the publication of a Wilno ghetto songbook (
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for his education, where he was "a good scholar and even better comrade". After graduating he enrolled in night school and supported himself by working for a
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404:, which instead smuggled thousands of works past the Nazi guards and hid them in various caches in and around the Ghetto for retrieval after the war.
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615:('I Was a Partisan: The Green Legend'), a two-part memoir based on the journals he had maintained throughout the Second World War. Working with
372:, where he married Barbara Kaufman and returned to writing in order to improve morale for the inmates. Works produced during this time included
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and the local Jewish community shot or rounded up and sent to camps or ghettos. Kaczerginski managed to avoid capture until 1942 by posing as a
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Fishman, David E. (2016). "The Last 'Zamlers': Avrom Sutzkever and Shmerke Kaczerginski in Vilna, 1944-1945". In Veidlinger, Jeffrey (ed.).
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Having visited Israel in 1950, Kaczerginski was excited by the possibility of moving there – but instead chose to take his family to
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166:; October 28 1908 – April 23 1954) was a Yiddish-speaking poet, musician, writer and cultural activist. Born to a poor family in
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to record several pieces for the Jewish Historical Commission. During this time he also wrote several original works, including
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295:, where he organised a drama club for other inmates. This radicalism also led him to write his earliest known songs, including
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Fishman, David (1996). "Those Daring Escapades of Vilna's 'Papir Brigade': How a Yiddish Poet and His Crew Rescued Judaica".
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728:, p. 7. The quotation is translated by Werb (original Yiddish: "a guter talmid un a nokh beserer khaver") from the
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571:, or 'Partisans Advance!', a memoir of his time in combat with the FPO. A year later he published another songbook,
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Jewish museum in Europe; he quickly became disenchanted with the Soviets and communism and developed into an ardent
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As a consequence of his political radicalism, Kaczerginski was regularly beaten by police and often imprisoned in
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partisan, poet and writer, his songbooks are the source of the majority of surviving pieces of the genre.
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583:: 'Between Hammer and Sickle'. The late 1940s also saw the birth of his only daughter and child, Libele.
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and night school, where he became involved in communist politics and was regularly beaten or imprisoned.
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666:: "we will not believe, there are no words". Many years later Sutzkever wrote him a memorial poem,
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301:('Fathers, mothers, children'), a renowned Jewish socialist song written when he was 15 years old.
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researchers and Yiddish cultural activists, his early death has led to his relative anonymity.
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in November 1947, lecturing survivors of the Holocaust, gathering new songs, and stopping in
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collective to help Jewish children in Łódź. A year later he married Meri Szutan, a native of
220:, Kaczerginski returned home to recover the hidden cultural works and founded the first post-
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Yiddish Songs of the Shoah: A Source Study Based on the Collections of Shmerke Kaczerginski
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YIVO and the Making of Modern Jewish Culture: Scholarship for the Yiddish Nation
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Liliane (Libele) Kaczerginski Cordova (Paris, 5 de marzo de 1947), 76 years old.
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Rocking an Empty Cradle: A Psychological Study of Yiddish Holocaust Lullabies
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At the age of 15 he began publishing original songs and poetry, including
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and orphaned at a young age, Kaczerginski was educated at the local
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Kaczerginski's sudden death shocked the Yiddish-speaking world; to
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beggar. Finally identified as Jewish, Kaczerginski was sent to the
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Birth certificate of Liliane Kaczerginski, Shmerke's only daughter.
189:, a secular Jewish writing collective whose other members included
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501:('Pioneers' song') in 1946 and collaborating with the Zionist
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544:('It Will Happen') commemorating the British attack on the
310:, a Jewish writing collective whose other members included
183:("Fathers, mothers, children"), and soon began organising
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Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Argentina
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Going to the People: Jews and the Ethnographic Impulse
378:('Springtime'), about his wife's death in April 1943,
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and other members of the Yiddish community. Following
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Using some of this material, he edited and published
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Barbara Kaufman (1942–1943), Meri Szutan (1946-1954)
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216:After the expulsion of the Nazis from Vilna by the
201:led to Kaczerginski's eventual imprisonment in the
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1789:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1954
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390:('Hymn of Youth'). When representatives of the
1683:List of Lithuanian Righteous Among the Nations
1087:. Indiana University Press. pp. 164–174.
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1030:From That Place and Time: A Memoir, 1938–1947
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646:Aerolíneas Argentinas accidents and incidents
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1057:California School of Professional Psychology
672:('With Shmerke, when forests are burning').
271:Kaczerginski was born on 28 October 1908 in
1131:(PhD thesis). UMI Dissertation Publishing.
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640:, Kaczerginski found himself lecturing in
612:Ikh bin geven a partizan: di grine legende
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629:('Let Salvation Come'). Set to music by
456:, Kaczerginski returned with Sutzkever,
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445:Kaczerginski with books saved by the
400:and Abraham Sutzkever, he formed the
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663:mir viln nit gleybn nito kayn werter
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669:Mit shmerken, ven es brenen velder
409:Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye
393:Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg
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1549:Fareinigte Partizaner Organizacje
730:Shmerke Katsherginski ondenk-bukh
1678:History of the Jews in Lithuania
577:and in 1949 the political tract
156:Shmaryahu "Shmerke" Kaczerginski
43:Shmerke Kaczerginski (left) and
1102:Kuznitz, Cecile Esther (2014).
636:In 1954 during the festival of
344:in order to volunteer for the
1:
1794:Polish emigrants to Argentina
512:In the aftermath of the 1946
211:United Partisans Organisation
1734:Jews from the Russian Empire
1028:Dawidowicz, Lucy S. (2008).
429:(Warsaw) to commemorate the
423:('The Jewish Partisan') and
324:and the Soviet organisation
1197:Related articles by country
1125:Werb, Bret Charles (2014).
732:(Buenes Aires, 1955), p. 9.
587:Move to Argentina and death
534:('Our Song') in tribute to
88:Córdoba Province, Argentina
1810:
1724:People from Vilensky Uyezd
1518:Lithuanian Security Police
1176:The Holocaust in Lithuania
1108:Cambridge University Press
556:Dos gezang fun vilner geto
520:. From there he toured 17
470:National Library of Israel
1769:20th-century male writers
1688:Songs of the Vilna Ghetto
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1615:HKP 562 forced labor camp
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338:Soviet invasion of Poland
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1744:Yiddish-language writers
1625:Kauen concentration camp
1620:Kailis forced labor camp
1589:Ninth Fort November 1941
1034:Rutgers University Press
626:Zol shoyn kumen di geule
340:, Kaczerginski moved to
298:Tates, mames, kinderlekh
180:Tates, mames, kinderlekh
131:Tates, mames, kinderlekh
1327:Franz Walter Stahlecker
1032:. New Brunswick, N.J.:
522:displaced persons camps
304:A year later he joined
199:Nazi invasion of Poland
1749:Yiddish-language poets
1584:Kaunas 29 October 1941
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431:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
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417:('Partisan's March'),
356:Vilna was occupied by
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97:Poet, writer, partisan
56:Shmaryahu Kaczerginski
580:Tsvishn hamer un serp
574:Lider fun di getos un
452:Participating in the
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437:Vilna, Łódź and Paris
384:('Quiet, Quiet') and
267:Early life and career
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228:. After some time in
1754:Vilna Ghetto inmates
1719:Writers from Vilnius
1451:Bronislovas Paukštys
1370:Shmerke Kaczerginski
1287:Aleksandras Lileikis
354:Operation Barbarossa
164:שמערקע קאַטשערגינסקי
120:Holocaust literature
31:Shmerke Kaczerginski
1523:Rollkommando Hamann
1322:Rudolf Joachim Seck
1051:Duhl, Lisa (1999).
1764:20th-century poets
1640:Marcinkonys Ghetto
1446:Petronėlė Lastienė
1410:Yitzhak Wittenberg
1405:Elchonon Wasserman
1317:Adrian von Renteln
1282:Algirdas Klimaitis
1257:Algimantas Dailidė
631:Abraham Isaac Kook
454:recapture of Vilna
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420:Yid, du Partizaner
407:Having joined the
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1533:Ypatingasis būrys
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1400:Abraham Sutzkever
1375:Zelig Kalmanovich
1248:Perpetrators and
807:, pp. 18–19.
795:, pp. 17–18.
783:, pp. 13–14.
568:Partizaner geyen!
398:Zelig Kalmanovich
312:Abraham Sutzkever
191:Abraham Sutzkever
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112:Literary movement
45:Abraham Sutzkever
16:(Redirected from
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678:
653:
650:
588:
585:
484:David Botwinik
438:
435:
333:
330:
277:Russian Empire
268:
265:
232:, he moved to
151:
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85:(aged 45)
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54:
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42:
34:
33:
30:
24:
14:
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10:
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1599:Švenčionėliai
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1577:
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1554:Paper Brigade
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1461:Antanas Poška
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1395:Ephraim Oshry
1393:
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1385:Rozka Korczak
1383:
1381:
1380:Vitka Kempner
1378:
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1360:Josef Glazman
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1302:Jonas Noreika
1300:
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1292:Hinrich Lohse
1290:
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1250:collaborators
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1192:The Holocaust
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1013:
1008:
1005:
1002:, p. 36.
1001:
996:
993:
990:, p. 33.
989:
984:
981:
978:, p. 32.
977:
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966:, p. 31.
965:
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957:
954:, p. 30.
953:
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941:
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926:
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915:, p. 25.
914:
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882:
878:
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861:
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855:, p. 23.
854:
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842:
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771:, p. 11.
770:
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727:
722:
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664:
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639:
634:
632:
628:
627:
622:
618:
617:Michl Gelbart
613:
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548:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:Kielce pogrom
510:
508:
504:
500:
499:
498:Khalutsim lid
494:
493:
492:Undzer gezang
487:
485:
480:
473:
471:
467:
462:
459:
455:
448:
447:Paper Brigade
443:
436:
434:
432:
427:
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415:
410:
405:
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402:Paper Brigade
399:
395:
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377:
376:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:Zalman Reisen
347:
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207:Paper Brigade
204:
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157:
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144:
140:
136:
133:
132:
128:
126:Notable works
124:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
96:
92:
89:
81:23 April 1954
80:
76:
73:
69:
55:
51:
46:
40:
35:
28:
19:
1739:Jewish poets
1660:Vilna Ghetto
1630:Kovno Ghetto
1574:Jäger Report
1501:Perpetrators
1471:Anton Schmid
1436:Kazys Binkis
1369:
1365:Jay M. Ipson
1350:Chaim Yellin
1332:Martin Weiss
1312:Helmut Rauca
1277:Bruno Kittel
1187:Main article
1127:
1103:
1084:
1073:
1052:
1029:
1021:Bibliography
1007:
995:
983:
971:
959:
947:
920:
908:
901:Fishman 2016
896:
889:Fishman 2016
884:
877:Kuznitz 2014
872:
865:Fishman 1996
860:
848:
836:
829:Fishman 2016
824:
817:Kuznitz 2014
812:
800:
788:
776:
764:
737:
729:
721:
674:
667:
655:
635:
624:
621:Artur Rolnik
606:
603:
598:
593:Buenos Aires
590:
578:
572:
566:
562:Khurbn vilna
560:
554:
552:
545:
541:S'vet geshen
539:
511:
496:
490:
488:
474:
463:
451:
418:
412:
406:
391:
385:
379:
373:
370:Vilna Ghetto
358:Nazi Germany
335:
319:
303:
296:
290:
285:lithographer
281:Talmud Torah
270:
257:
254:
247:
244:
215:
203:Vilna Ghetto
178:
176:
172:Talmud Torah
155:
154:
129:
83:(1954-04-23)
18:Kaczerginski
1714:1954 deaths
1709:1908 births
1466:Ona Šimaitė
1456:Karl Plagge
1390:Abba Kovner
1341:Victims and
1307:Mike Pasker
1297:Franz Murer
658:Chaim Grade
536:Hirsh Glick
458:Abba Kovner
316:Chaim Grade
259:Yiddishkeit
218:Soviet Army
195:Chaim Grade
1703:Categories
1645:Ninth Fort
1542:Resistance
1343:resistance
1272:Karl Jäger
680:References
531:Undzer lid
507:Švenčionys
387:Yugnt himn
336:After the
307:Yung Vilne
186:Yung Vilne
94:Occupation
61:1908-10-28
1137:982299385
1065:926122847
1012:Duhl 1999
1000:Werb 2014
988:Werb 2014
976:Werb 2014
964:Werb 2014
952:Werb 2014
940:Werb 2014
925:Werb 2014
913:Werb 2014
853:Werb 2014
841:Werb 2014
805:Werb 2014
793:Werb 2014
781:Werb 2014
769:Werb 2014
757:Werb 2014
742:Werb 2014
726:Werb 2014
699:Werb 2014
547:SS Exodus
503:Gordoniya
342:Białystok
222:Holocaust
1429:Rescuers
1227:Slovakia
638:Passover
346:Red Army
146:Children
102:Language
1232:Ukraine
1207:Estonia
1202:Belarus
1075:Forward
642:Mendoza
375:Friling
249:Magenta
226:Zionist
160:Yiddish
106:Yiddish
1608:Places
1594:Ponary
1567:Events
1494:Groups
1241:People
1222:Russia
1217:Poland
1212:Latvia
1135:
1114:
1091:
1063:
1040:
652:Legacy
565:) and
538:, and
526:Munich
479:zamler
466:Bricha
426:Varshe
326:Agroid
197:. The
138:Spouse
607:Hador
518:Paris
273:Vilna
234:Paris
168:Vilna
68:Vilna
1133:OCLC
1112:ISBN
1089:ISBN
1061:OCLC
1038:ISBN
619:and
366:mute
364:and
362:deaf
314:and
230:Łódź
193:and
78:Died
53:Born
648:).
472:).
1705::
1110:.
1106:.
1059:.
1055:.
1036:.
932:^
749:^
706:^
687:^
509:.
486:.
433:.
328:.
275:,
162::
118:,
70:,
1168:e
1161:t
1154:v
1139:.
1120:.
1097:.
1078:.
1067:.
1046:.
867:.
251:.
158:(
63:)
59:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
