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rational actions can be good (saving someone who is drowning simply out of a great pity for them is not a morally good act). Kant also denied that the consequences of an act in any way contribute to the moral worth of that act—his reasoning being (highly simplified for brevity) that the physical world is outside our full control, and thus we cannot be held accountable for the events that occur in it.
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Universalizing a maxim (statement) leads to it being valid, or to one of two contradictions—a contradiction in conception (where the maxim, when universalized, is no longer a viable means to the end) or a contradiction in will (where the will of a person contradicts what the universalisation of the
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or principle, which are vastly different from each other; it is according to this that the moral worth of any action is judged. Kant's ethics are founded on his view of rationality as the ultimate good and his belief that all people are fundamentally rational beings. This led to the most important
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Kant's ethics focus, then, only on the maxim that underlies actions, and judges these to be good or bad solely on how they conform to reason. Kant showed that many of our common sense views of what is good or bad conform to his system, but denied that any action performed for reasons other than
656:: to attempt to universalize the maxim (by imagining a world where all people necessarily acted in this way in the relevant circumstances) and then see if the maxim and its associated action would still be conceivable in such a world. For instance, holding the maxim
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view of political institutions. The nature of Rawls' use of Kant has engendered serious controversy but has demonstrated the vitality of
Kantian considerations across a wider range of questions than was once thought plausible.
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Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means to an end, but always at the same time as an end.
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and applying it universally would result in self termination. Thus holding this maxim is irrational as it ends up being impossible to hold it.
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Therefore, every rational being must so act as if he were, through his maxim, always a legislating member in the universal kingdom of ends.
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Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law.
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Laws of
Freedom: A Study of Kant's Method of Applying the Categorical Imperative in the Metaphysik Der Sitten
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maxim implies). The first type leads to a "perfect duty", and the second leads to an "imperfect duty".
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Gary Banham (2000) "Teleology, Transcendental
Reflection and Artificial Life"
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840:. Translated by James W. Ellington (3rd ed.). Hackett. p.
804:. Translated by James W. Ellington (3rd ed.). Hackett. p.
768:. Translated by James W. Ellington (3rd ed.). Hackett. p.
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John Rawls and
Immanuel Kant - A Comparison (seminar paper, 2006)
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drew heavily on his inspiration in setting out the basis for a
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is sometimes also used to describe contemporary positions in
1056:. Aldershot, Hants, England Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate.
905:
CON-TEXTOS KANTIANOS. International
Journal of Philosophy
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Kant's
Practical Philosophy: From Critique to Doctrine
901:"An Interpretation of Rawls' "Kantian Interpretation""
97:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
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A Commentary on Kant's
Critique of Practical Reason
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738:Schopenhauer's criticism of the Kantian philosophy
27:Philosophy of Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher
983:Tekhnehma: Journal of Philosophy and Technology
645:part of Kant's ethics, the formulation of the
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1078:Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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339:Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason
244:Learn how and when to remove this message
179:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
652:Simply put, this criterion amounts to a
311: Question: What Is Enlightenment?
221:of all important aspects of the article.
142:This article includes a list of general
93:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1034:. Lanham: University Press of America.
967:R. Beiner and W.J. Booth (eds.) (1993)
836:Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals
800:Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals
764:Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals
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267:
318:Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals
217:Please consider expanding the lead to
4087:Violence § Philosophical perspectives
1157:Immanuel Kant: Philosophy of Religion
696:Political philosophy of Immanuel Kant
360:On a Supposed Right to Tell Lies from
7:
4196:Philosophical schools and traditions
1161:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1152:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1143:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1134:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1125:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1116:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1107:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
148:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1139:Immanuel Kant: Philosophy of Mind
997:Kant's Transcendental Imagination
45:This article has multiple issues.
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1166:Kant's Aesthetics and Teleology
976:Kant and the Ends of Aesthetics
209:may be too short to adequately
53:or discuss these issues on the
945:Kant's transcendental Idealism
865:Thomas, Domjahn (4 May 2007).
432:Analytic–synthetic distinction
302: Any Future Metaphysics
219:provide an accessible overview
1:
969:Kant and Political Philosophy
964:(University of Chicago Press)
2722:Ordinary language philosophy
325:Critique of Practical Reason
4012:Interpellation (philosophy)
3815:Non-representational theory
2772:Contemporary utilitarianism
2687:Internalism and externalism
1148:Immanuel Kant: Radical Evil
1052:Palmquist, Stephen (2000).
1030:Palmquist, Stephen (1993).
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3967:Existence precedes essence
2036:Svatantrika and Prasangika
1130:Immanuel Kant: Metaphysics
1080:(Harvard University Press)
899:Vadim, Chaly (June 2015).
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658:kill anyone who annoys you
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362: Benevolent Motives
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4102:Hermeneutics of suspicion
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1258:Philosophy of mathematics
1248:Philosophy of information
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1112:Immanuel Kant: Aesthetics
954:(Mercer University Press)
353:The Metaphysics of Morals
4082:Transvaluation of values
3888:Apollonian and Dionysian
1054:Kant's critical religion
671:The formulations of the
2727:Postanalytic philosophy
2668:Experimental philosophy
971:(Yale University Press)
947:(Yale University Press)
723:Adaptive representation
575:) is the philosophy of
452:Hypothetical imperative
394:Transcendental idealism
293:Critique of Pure Reason
163:more precise citations.
4201:Philosophical theories
4152:Philosophy of language
4117:Linguistic determinism
4027:Master–slave dialectic
4002:Historical materialism
3298:Continental philosophy
2860:Social constructionism
1872:Hellenistic philosophy
1288:Theoretical philosophy
1263:Philosophy of religion
1253:Philosophy of language
1012:Howard Caygill (1995)
952:Kant's Moral Teleology
673:categorical imperative
647:categorical imperative
572:
447:Categorical imperative
4032:Master–slave morality
3840:Psychoanalytic theory
3243:Philosophy portal
2762:Scientific skepticism
2742:Reformed epistemology
1268:Philosophy of science
950:Thomas Auxter (1982)
557:Philosophy portal
2663:Critical rationalism
2370:Edo neo-Confucianism
2214:Acintya bheda abheda
2193:Renaissance humanism
1904:School of the Sextii
1278:Practical philosophy
1273:Political philosophy
1121:Immanuel Kant: Logic
1099:at Wikimedia Commons
999:(Palgrave Macmillan)
992:(Palgrave Macmillan)
917:10.5281/zenodo.18510
702:political philosophy
690:Political philosophy
583:philosopher born in
464:Political philosophy
332:Critique of Judgment
86:factual accuracy is
3852:Speculative realism
2234:Nimbarka Sampradaya
2145:Korean Confucianism
1892:Academic Skepticism
995:Gary Banham (2006)
988:Gary Banham (2003)
974:Gary Banham (2000)
507:Arthur Schopenhauer
399:Critical philosophy
3972:Existential crisis
3903:Binary oppositions
3830:Post-structuralism
2855:Post-structuralism
2757:Scientific realism
2712:Quinean naturalism
2692:Logical positivism
2648:Analytical Marxism
1867:Peripatetic school
1779:Chinese naturalism
1306:Aesthetic response
1233:Applied philosophy
728:Kantian empiricism
654:thought experiment
609:philosophy of mind
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4017:Intersubjectivity
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2577:Kierkegaardianism
2539:Transcendentalism
2499:Neo-scholasticism
2345:Classical Realism
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1909:Neopythagoreanism
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1283:Social philosophy
1095:Media related to
1026:(Basil Blackwell)
1014:A Kant Dictionary
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2717:Normative ethics
2697:Legal positivism
2673:Falsificationism
2658:Consequentialism
2653:Communitarianism
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2494:New Confucianism
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2140:Neo-Confucianism
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1914:Second Sophistic
1899:Middle Platonism
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1382:Consequentialism
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4142:Linguistic turn
4072:Totalitarianism
4037:Oedipus complex
3898:Being in itself
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3773:German idealism
3753:Critical theory
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3652:Ortega y Gasset
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2800:Critical theory
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2782:Wittgensteinian
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2529:Social contract
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3890:
3885:
3880:
3878:Always already
3875:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3835:Psychoanalysis
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3810:Non-philosophy
3807:
3805:Neo-Kantianism
3802:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3763:Existentialism
3760:
3758:Deconstruction
3755:
3750:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3271:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3246:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3046:Middle Eastern
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2953:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2810:Existentialism
2807:
2805:Deconstruction
2802:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2638:Applied ethics
2634:
2632:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2602:Nietzscheanism
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2544:Utilitarianism
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2442:Transcendental
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2380:Existentialism
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2168:Augustinianism
2165:
2159:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2081:Zoroastrianism
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1938:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1924:Church Fathers
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1806:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1439:Libertarianism
1436:
1435:
1434:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1243:Metaphilosophy
1240:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1086:
1085:External links
1083:
1082:
1081:
1071:
1062:
1049:
1040:
1027:
1017:
1010:
1003:Howard Caygill
1000:
993:
986:
979:
972:
965:
955:
948:
936:
933:
930:
929:
911:(1): 142–155.
891:
877:
857:
850:
830:Kant, Immanuel
821:
814:
794:Kant, Immanuel
785:
778:
758:Kant, Immanuel
748:
747:
745:
742:
741:
740:
735:
733:Neo-Kantianism
730:
725:
718:
715:
694:Main article:
691:
688:
687:
686:
683:
680:
634:Kantian ethics
629:Kantian ethics
627:Main article:
624:
621:
560:
559:
542:
541:
538:
537:
535:Neo-Kantianism
532:
526:
524:Related topics
523:
522:
519:
518:
515:
514:
512:Baruch Spinoza
509:
504:
499:
494:
492:G. W. F. Hegel
489:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
461:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
418:
413:
408:
401:
396:
390:
387:Kantian ethics
381:
380:
377:
376:
373:
372:
365:
356:
349:
342:
335:
328:
321:
314:
305:
300:Prolegomena to
296:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
272:
271:
265:
264:
252:
251:
234:
233:
213:the key points
203:
201:
194:
187:
186:
141:
139:
132:
125:
124:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4213:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4132:Media studies
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4097:Will to power
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4022:Leap of faith
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3857:Structuralism
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3825:Postmodernism
3823:
3821:
3820:Phenomenology
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3632:Merleau-Ponty
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3292:
3287:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3257:
3256:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:Miscellaneous
3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:Miscellaneous
2877:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2865:Structuralism
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2850:Postmodernism
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2840:Phenomenology
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2777:Vienna Circle
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2707:Moral realism
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Phenomenology
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2449:Individualism
2447:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2314:Judeo-Islamic
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2290:ʿIlm al-Kalām
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2239:Shuddhadvaita
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2173:Scholasticism
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
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1103:Immanuel Kant
1101:
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1063:9780754613336
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941:Henry Allison
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878:9783640089369
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851:0-87220-166-X
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638:deontological
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577:Immanuel Kant
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369:Opus Postumum
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309:Answering the
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269:Immanuel Kant
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169:February 2008
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32:
31:
19:
4062:Ressentiment
3947:Death of God
3939:
3933:Postcritique
3893:Authenticity
3783:Hermeneutics
3687:Schopenhauer
3592:Lévi-Strauss
3305:Philosophers
3248:
3234:
2905:
2896:Postcritique
2886:Kyoto School
2845:Posthumanism
2825:Hermeneutics
2680: /
2621:Contemporary
2597:Newtonianism
2564:
2560:Cartesianism
2519:Reductionism
2355:Conservatism
2350:Collectivism
2288:
2016:Sarvāstivadā
1994:Anekantavada
1919:Neoplatonism
1887:Epicureanism
1820:Pythagoreans
1759:Confucianism
1725:Contemporary
1715:Early modern
1619:Anti-realism
1573:Universalism
1530:Subjectivism
1326:Epistemology
1160:
1151:
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1077:
1053:
1031:
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989:
982:
975:
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944:
935:Bibliography
920:. Retrieved
908:
904:
894:
882:. Retrieved
867:
860:
835:
824:
799:
788:
763:
752:
699:
670:
666:
662:
657:
651:
632:
613:epistemology
604:
600:
599:). The term
573:Kantianismus
564:
563:
502:F. H. Jacobi
487:J. G. Fichte
426:a posteriori
425:
421:
403:
382:
367:
351:
344:
337:
330:
323:
316:
298:
291:
240:
224:
208:
206:lead section
175:
166:
147:
113:
104:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
4137:Film theory
4047:Ontopoetics
3952:Death drive
3928:Ideological
3847:Romanticism
3778:Hegelianism
3552:Kierkegaard
3412:Castoriadis
3372:de Beauvoir
3357:Baudrillard
2891:Objectivism
2830:Neo-Marxism
2792:Continental
2702:Meta-ethics
2682:Coherentism
2587:Hegelianism
2524:Rationalism
2484:Natural law
2464:Materialism
2390:Historicism
2360:Determinism
2251:Navya-Nyāya
2026:Sautrāntika
2021:Pudgalavada
1957:Vaisheshika
1810:Presocratic
1710:Renaissance
1649:Physicalism
1634:Materialism
1540:Normativity
1525:Objectivism
1510:Emergentism
1500:Behaviorism
1449:Metaphysics
1415:Determinism
1354:Rationalism
1020:Mary Gregor
1016:(Blackwell)
1009:(Blackwell)
978:(Macmillan)
593:Kaliningrad
405:Sapere aude
286:Major works
161:introducing
4191:Kantianism
4185:Categories
4092:Wertkritik
3997:Hauntology
3962:Difference
3957:Différance
3697:Sloterdijk
3567:Kołakowski
3190:Amerindian
3097:Australian
3036:Vietnamese
3016:Indonesian
2565:Kantianism
2514:Positivism
2504:Pragmatism
2479:Naturalism
2459:Liberalism
2437:Subjective
2375:Empiricism
2279:Avicennism
2224:Bhedabheda
2108:East Asian
2031:Madhyamaka
2011:Abhidharma
1877:Pyrrhonism
1644:Nominalism
1639:Naturalism
1568:Skepticism
1558:Relativism
1548:Absolutism
1477:Naturalism
1387:Deontology
1359:Skepticism
1344:Naturalism
1334:Empiricism
1298:Aesthetics
1202:Philosophy
1097:Kantianism
1074:John Rawls
744:References
706:John Rawls
601:Kantianism
585:Königsberg
565:Kantianism
497:David Hume
383:Kantianism
144:references
107:March 2008
50:improve it
4127:Semiotics
4122:Semantics
4107:Discourse
3987:Genealogy
3977:Facticity
3748:Absurdism
3677:Schelling
3647:Nietzsche
3522:Heidegger
3337:Bachelard
3322:Althusser
3069:Pakistani
3031:Taiwanese
2978:Ethiopian
2951:By region
2937:By region
2752:Scientism
2747:Systemics
2607:Spinozism
2534:Socialism
2469:Modernism
2432:Objective
2340:Anarchism
2274:Averroism
2163:Christian
2115:Neotaoism
2086:Zurvanism
2076:Mithraism
2071:Mazdakism
1842:Cyrenaics
1769:Logicians
1402:Free will
1364:Solipsism
1311:Formalism
985:Number 6.
922:14 August
884:14 August
469:Teleology
211:summarize
95:talk page
56:talk page
4165:Category
4007:Ideology
3923:Immanent
3918:Critique
3873:Alterity
3866:Concepts
3741:Theories
3727:Williams
3702:Spengler
3657:Rancière
3587:Lefebvre
3572:Kristeva
3537:Irigaray
3532:Ingarden
3512:Habermas
3502:Guattari
3487:Foucault
3462:Eagleton
3407:Cassirer
3387:Bourdieu
3382:Blanchot
3367:Benjamin
3352:Bataille
3255:Category
3210:Yugoslav
3200:Romanian
3107:Scottish
3092:American
3021:Japanese
3001:Buddhist
2983:Africana
2973:Egyptian
2815:Feminist
2737:Rawlsian
2732:Quietism
2630:Analytic
2582:Krausism
2489:Nihilism
2454:Kokugaku
2417:Absolute
2412:Idealism
2400:Humanism
2188:Occamism
2155:European
2100:Medieval
2046:Yogacara
2006:Buddhist
1999:Syādvāda
1882:Stoicism
1847:Cynicism
1835:Sophists
1830:Atomists
1825:Eleatics
1764:Legalism
1705:Medieval
1629:Idealism
1583:Ontology
1563:Nihilism
1467:Idealism
1225:Branches
1214:Branches
832:(1993).
796:(1993).
760:(1993).
717:See also
546:Category
442:Category
437:Noumenon
422:A priori
261:a series
259:Part of
227:May 2017
88:disputed
3992:Habitus
3908:Boredom
3798:Freudo-
3793:Western
3788:Marxism
3712:Strauss
3682:Schmitt
3622:Marcuse
3612:Lyotard
3602:Luhmann
3597:Levinas
3547:Jaspers
3542:Jameson
3527:Husserl
3507:Gramsci
3497:Gentile
3492:Gadamer
3452:Dilthey
3447:Derrida
3442:Deleuze
3377:Bergson
3347:Barthes
3317:Agamben
3205:Russian
3174:Spanish
3169:Slovene
3159:Maltese
3154:Italian
3134:Finland
3102:British
3084:Western
3074:Turkish
3059:Islamic
3054:Iranian
3006:Chinese
2993:Eastern
2960:African
2907:more...
2592:Marxism
2422:British
2365:Dualism
2261:Islamic
2219:Advaita
2209:Vedanta
2183:Scotism
2178:Thomism
2120:Tiantai
2063:Persian
2051:Tibetan
2041:Śūnyatā
1982:Cārvāka
1972:Ājīvika
1967:Mīmāṃsā
1947:Samkhya
1862:Academy
1815:Ionians
1789:Yangism
1746:Chinese
1737:Ancient
1700:Western
1695:Ancient
1654:Realism
1611:Reality
1601:Process
1482:Realism
1462:Dualism
1457:Atomism
1339:Fideism
1076:(2000)
1069:Online.
1047:Online.
1022:(1963)
1005:(1989)
960:(1960)
943:(2004)
710:liberal
605:Kantian
589:Prussia
157:improve
18:Kantian
3941:Dasein
3692:Serres
3672:Sartre
3662:Ricœur
3617:Marcel
3607:Lukács
3582:Latour
3557:Kojève
3482:Fisher
3477:Fichte
3467:Engels
3437:Debord
3432:de Man
3422:Cixous
3417:Cioran
3397:Butler
3362:Bauman
3342:Badiou
3327:Arendt
3312:Adorno
3164:Polish
3144:German
3139:French
3124:Danish
3114:Canada
3064:Jewish
3026:Korean
3011:Indian
2553:People
2474:Monism
2427:German
2395:Holism
2328:Modern
2306:Jewish
2229:Dvaita
2202:Indian
2125:Huayan
1977:Ajñana
1934:Indian
1799:Greco-
1784:Taoism
1774:Mohism
1720:Modern
1687:By era
1676:By era
1591:Action
1472:Monism
1392:Virtue
1374:Ethics
1060:
1038:
875:
848:
812:
776:
623:Ethics
617:ethics
615:, and
597:Russia
581:German
569:German
481:People
416:Schema
146:, but
4170:Index
4077:Trace
4057:Power
4052:Other
4042:Ontic
3883:Angst
3732:Žižek
3717:Weber
3707:Stein
3642:Negri
3637:Nancy
3577:Lacan
3562:Koyré
3517:Hegel
3472:Fanon
3427:Croce
3402:Camus
3392:Buber
3195:Aztec
3149:Greek
3129:Dutch
3119:Czech
2968:Bantu
2405:Anti-
1952:Nyaya
1942:Hindu
1802:Roman
1596:Event
1238:Logic
642:maxim
591:(now
3982:Gaze
3722:Weil
3667:Said
3627:Marx
3332:Aron
2296:Sufi
2130:Chan
1989:Jain
1962:Yoga
1492:Mind
1432:Hard
1420:Hard
1058:ISBN
1036:ISBN
924:2019
886:2019
873:ISBN
846:ISBN
810:ISBN
774:ISBN
579:, a
424:and
3457:Eco
2570:Neo
2135:Zen
913:doi
700:In
636:is
603:or
4187::
1159:,
1150:,
1141:,
1132:,
1123:,
1114:,
1105:,
907:.
903:.
871:.
844:.
842:43
808:.
806:36
772:.
770:30
675::
619:.
611:,
595:,
587:,
571::
263:on
59:.
3290:e
3283:t
3276:v
1194:e
1187:t
1180:v
1066:.
1044:.
926:.
915::
909:1
888:.
854:.
818:.
782:.
567:(
460:"
456:"
364:"
358:"
313:"
307:"
247:)
241:(
229:)
225:(
215:.
182:)
176:(
171:)
167:(
153:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
101:.
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
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