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1085:
199:
33:
539:
523:
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1423:
1051:
1144:
1217:
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1283:
225:. Archeological finds from Karelia are relatively rare between the years 400–800. From the Merovingian period onwards finds from Karelia display a distinct features of West Finnish influences which has been interpreted to result at least partly from a colonisation. The mixing of western Finnish settlers with the local population led to the creation of the
731:
The arms is crowned by a ducal coronet, though by
Finnish tradition this more resembles a Swedish count's coronet. The symbolism of the coat of arms is supposed to represent how the region was fought over by Sweden and Russia for centuries. Blazon: "Gules, in center chief a crown or above two
252:, only one archeological discovery from this time period has been found, dating to the eighth century. The considerably higher number of archeological discoveries in these regions from AD 800 to AD 1050 indicates that the Karelian population grew and expanded rapidly during this time.
1029:
601:), representing a "purer" Finnish culture than that of Southern and Western Finland, which had been for thousands of years in more contact with (or "contaminated by")
1022:
1445:
263:
are known from
Karelia. According to archeological record and historical data most of the hillforts in Karelia were erected between 1100 and 1323. Particular
732:
duelling arms, the dexter armored holding a sword and the sinister chain-mail armored with a scimitar, all argent except for hafts and gauntlet joint or".
717:
Other than Finns, the historical province of
Karelia also had Russian speakers living on the territory. The Russian name for the province is Карелия.
290:. The 15th and 16th centuries saw the River Kymi become a more official border between the Tavastians and the Karelians, with Naulasaari (located in
1489:
1139:
1015:
726:
37:
301:
During the 12th and 13th century, Karelians fought against Swedes and other Finnic tribes situated in western
Finland, such as Tavastians and
806:
777:
1046:
357:. The fort was destroyed the following year by the Novgorodians. Indecisive fighting in 1321 and 1322 led to negotiations and peace by the
332:
took place between 1293 and 1295. As a result of the crusade the western parts of
Karelia fell under Swedish rule and the building of the
1161:
194:
Historical
Finnish Karelia (territory in modern-day Finland shown in dark blue, territory in modern-day Russia shown in lighter blue)
421:
305:. Karelians were listed as Novgorodian allies in the mid-12th century in Russian Chronicles. Historical records describe Karelians
1391:
244:, the number of archeological discoveries from this time period is lower, though permanent inhabitation was nonetheless present.
1084:
1212:
1038:
56:
988:
581:
borders, was by and large similar to that of
Eastern Karelia, or Russian Karelia. Karelians live, and did even more so before
1308:
950:
1387:
1278:
401:
138:
349:
Hostilities between
Novgorod and the kingdom of Sweden continued in 1300 when a Swedish force attacked the mouth of the
1484:
198:
1050:
413:
405:
343:
1165:
32:
906:
538:
318:
522:
479:
976:
1422:
455:
of 1941–44, most of the ceded area was liberated by
Finnish troops, but in 1944 was occupied again by the
433:
221:
which is a fishing net of willow bast. The number of finds from the area is lower towards the end of the
1179:
1143:
322:
358:
547:
527:
203:
1174:
915:
901:
361:
which for the first time decided the border between Sweden and
Novgorod. Sweden got territory around
1321:
1494:
700:
475:
460:
338:
232:
Archeological evidence indicates that Karelian inhabitation was highest along the western shore of
1216:
463:
were made into the Province of Kymi. In 1997 the province was incorporated within the province of
1312:
1256:
1195:
1189:
939:
428:
of 1743. After the conquest in 1809 of the rest of Finland, Russia's 18th century gains, called "
306:
185:
240:, with multiple cemeteries and other archeological discoveries dating from AD 600 to AD 800. In
1376:
1267:
1248:
1152:
1059:
931:
802:
773:
707:
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589:, also in vast areas east of Finland (in Eastern Karelia, not marked on the map above), where
563:
468:
310:
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142:
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104:
88:
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formed a boundary between the eastern and western cultural spheres by the beginning of the
121:. The term "Finnish Karelia" refers specifically to the historical Finnish province, while
1332:
1282:
1240:
992:
980:
329:
295:
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676:
656:
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268:
68:
478:, was religiously and politically distinct from the eastern parts that were under the
1478:
1326:
1098:
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998:
Visitkarelia.fi – Information about travel, tourism and other fields in North Karelia
695:
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577:
The traditional culture of "Ladoga-Karelia", or Finnish Karelia according to the pre-
574:, earlier also in some of the territories Finland ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944.
511:
505:
386:
370:
291:
249:
241:
161:
150:
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108:
64:
60:
985:
826:. Helsinki: Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakausikirja 104. pp. 45 and 72.
594:
586:
571:
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400:(eastern Karelian Isthmus, Ladoga Karelia, and North Karelia) from Russia. In 1634
390:
302:
275:
165:
130:
122:
84:
1007:
968:
531:
248:, South Karelia has been continuously inhabited for approximately 2,000 years. In
207:
100:
117:
may also refer to the region as a whole, including the portion of Karelia within
1407:
1341:
1112:
1103:
856:. Helsinki: Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistykse aikakausikirja 104. pp. 166–171.
671:
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614:
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233:
173:
80:
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96:
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1003:
Pielis.ru – travel information about North Karelia region and City of Joensuu
935:
471:
refers to the debate regarding the return of the ceded territory to Finland.
125:
or "Russian Karelia" refers to the portion of Karelia within Russia. Finland
1357:
1231:
1225:
886:. Helsinki: Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakausikirja 104. p. 118.
582:
567:
420:
were ceded to Russia. The rest of these counties were incorporated into the
226:
222:
986:
Genocide in Soviet Karelia: Stalin's Terror and the Finns of Soviet Karelia
871:. Helsinki: Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakausikirja 104. p. 16.
1431:
1418:
956:
610:
590:
543:
456:
314:
260:
256:
451:, when the new border was established close to that of 1721. During the
1400:
962:
943:
753:. Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakausikirja 104. pp. 102–113.
559:
555:
424:. The southeastern part of this county was also ceded to Russia in the
382:
326:
157:
126:
114:
17:
597:
during the 19th century was in the center of the Finns' interest (see
294:) serving as the meeting point of the borders between the Häme Finns,
153:, as well as the still-surviving evacuees from the ceded territories.
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1263:
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1068:
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798:
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378:
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on the site of a destroyed Karelian fort started. According to the
309:
in Sweden in 1187 and making another expedition in 1257 which lead
521:
197:
189:
92:
31:
841:. Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakausikirja 104. p. 83.
1011:
973:
490:
Some notable regions within the Region of Finnish Karelia are:
282:
at the latest and is also said to be the boundary between the
271:
culture flourished approximately between the years 1000–1400.
213:
First indications of human settlement in Karelia are from the
164:
influence, religiously and politically, and was separate from
443:
A large part of Finnish Karelia was ceded by Finland to the
526:
Drawing of a Karelian Iron Age knife with a sheath made by
217:. The oldest find from the area is the over 9000 years old
997:
679:, born in Viipuri, Törni was a soldier and winner of the
1002:
904:(1952). "Finnish Karelia: An International Borderland".
687:, who later served with the German and American armies.
79:. Historical Karelia also extends to the regions of
1417:
1386:
1307:
1277:
1211:
1160:
1138:
1079:
1045:
59:, consisting of the modern-day Finnish regions of
447:in 1940 after the Soviet aggression known as the
404:and old Swedish Karelia were incorporated in the
206:made in 1893, which he had excavated earlier in
801:: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy. pp. 170–171, 192.
566:. Confusingly, the same name is used also of a
353:and built a fort near the current location of
1023:
530:in 1893 illustrating the one he excavated in
8:
202:Drawing of Karelian Iron Age sword hilts by
772:: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy. pp. 186, 188.
1030:
1016:
1008:
568:closely related but distinct ethnic group
537:
141:re-settled in various parts of Finland.
741:
727:Coat of arms of the Province of Karelia
172:and its many successor states from the
145:include the present-day inhabitants of
793:Paasikivi, Jyrki; Talka, Anu (2018).
764:Paasikivi, Jyrki; Talka, Anu (2018).
7:
558:provinces historically belonging to
459:. After the war, the remains of the
317:against Karelians at the request of
129:a portion of Finnish Karelia to the
795:Rajamaa - Etelä Karjalan Historia I
766:Rajamaa - Etelä Karjalan Historia I
346:from Karelians during the crusade.
139:evacuees from the ceded territories
25:
474:Western Karelia, as a historical
1421:
1390:
1311:
1281:
1215:
1164:
1142:
1083:
1049:
1490:Historical provinces of Finland
1039:Historical provinces of Finland
951:Saimaa Canal links two Karelias
436:as a gesture of good will (see
373:; and Novgorod got the eastern
67:plus the historical regions of
486:Regions within Finnish Karelia
432:", were in 1812 joined to the
422:KymmenegĂĄrd and Nyslott County
137:of 1939–40. More than 400,000
57:historical province of Finland
27:Historical province of Finland
1:
412:in 1721 eastern parts of the
342:invading Swedes conquered 14
286:and the Karelians during the
267:including axes, brooches and
168:, which was dominated by the
546:silver penannular brooch by
1511:
1356:southern and southwestern
724:
321:, the king of Sweden. The
183:
414:Viborg and Nyslott County
406:Viborg and Nyslott County
907:The Geographical Journal
160:historically came under
991:9 December 2020 at the
480:Russian Orthodox Church
396:In 1617, Sweden seized
38:coat of arms of Karelia
979:8 October 2012 at the
609:culture, of which the
551:
542:Drawing of a Karelian
535:
434:Grand Duchy of Finland
210:
195:
52:
41:
541:
525:
323:Third Swedish crusade
255:At least 50 sites of
201:
193:
35:
1175:Central Ostrobothnia
965:– Flags of the World
882:Uino, Pirjo (1997).
867:Uino, Pirjo (1997).
852:Uino, Pirjo (1997).
837:Uino, Pirjo (1997).
822:Uino, Pirjo (1997).
749:Uino, Pirjo (1997).
639:, sniper during the
40:, first used in 1562
1461:61.8792°N 30.1136°E
1457: /
920:1952GeogJ.118...40M
701:Johannes Virolainen
554:The inhabitants of
461:Province of Viipuri
259:settlements and 40
75:, which are now in
1485:History of Karelia
1257:South Ostrobothnia
1196:South Ostrobothnia
1190:North Ostrobothnia
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476:Province of Sweden
359:Treaty of Nöteborg
211:
196:
186:History of Karelia
42:
1440:
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1377:Southwest Finland
1368:
1364:southwesternmost
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1249:Southwest Finland
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1060:Southwest Finland
953:– This is Finland
808:978-951-37-7468-4
779:978-951-37-7468-4
708:List of Karelians
691:Riitta Uosukainen
652:Aarne Juutilainen
617:are expressions.
570:living mostly in
469:Karelian question
311:Pope Alexander IV
307:pillaging Sigtuna
298:, and Karelians.
215:Mesolithic period
170:Novgorod Republic
143:Finnish Karelians
16:(Redirected from
1502:
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1471:
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1466:61.8792; 30.1136
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465:Southern Finland
453:Continuation War
438:Viipuri Province
410:Treaty of Nystad
375:Karelian Isthmus
367:Karelian Isthmus
355:Saint Petersburg
339:Eric's Chronicle
334:Castle of Viborg
330:Torgils Knutsson
265:Karelian culture
238:Karelian Isthmus
204:Theodor Schwindt
105:Southern Savonia
89:Northern Savonia
73:Karelian isthmus
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1071:municipalities)
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993:Wayback Machine
981:Wayback Machine
957:Maps of Karelia
928:10.2307/1791235
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895:External links
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797:(in Finnish).
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418:Kexholm County
398:Kexholm County
383:Ladoga Karelia
365:, the western
313:to call out a
229:ethnic group.
184:Main article:
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69:Ladoga Karelia
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1099:South Karelia
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78:
74:
70:
66:
65:North Karelia
62:
61:South Karelia
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
30:
19:
1442:
1348:westernmost
1239:westernmost
1180:Ostrobothnia
1162:Ostrobothnia
1119:easternmost
1080:
914:(1): 40–54.
911:
905:
883:
877:
868:
862:
853:
847:
838:
832:
823:
817:
794:
788:
765:
759:
750:
744:
730:
716:
705:
613:and Finnish
607:Scandinavian
595:architecture
587:Great Purges
576:
572:East Karelia
553:
510:
504:
498:
496:(1812–1944)
492:
489:
473:
445:Soviet Union
442:
408:. After the
395:
391:East Karelia
348:
337:
303:Finns proper
300:
273:
264:
254:
231:
212:
166:East Karelia
155:
131:Soviet Union
123:East Karelia
113:
44:
43:
29:
1464: /
1408:Kymenlaakso
1342:Kymenlaakso
1322:Päijät-Häme
1113:Kymenlaakso
1104:Old Finland
902:Mead, W. R.
683:during the
677:Lauri Törni
672:Aaro Pajari
647:Ansa Ikonen
615:Art Nouveau
599:Karelianism
500:Kymenlaakso
430:Old Finland
288:Middle Ages
234:Lake Ladoga
174:Middle Ages
81:Kymenlaakso
1495:Winter War
1479:Categories
1452:30°06′49″E
1449:61°52′45″N
1366:South Savo
1350:North Savo
1327:Kanta-Häme
1299:South Savo
1293:North Savo
1129:South Savo
1121:North Savo
974:ProKarelia
736:References
667:Masa Niemi
662:Veijo Meri
641:Winter War
637:Simo Häyhä
579:Winter War
449:Winter War
351:River Neva
292:Mäntyharju
284:Tavastians
280:Bronze Age
276:River Kymi
269:ornamental
219:Antrea Net
135:Winter War
133:after the
109:Mäntyharju
97:Rautavaara
85:River Kymi
1358:Pirkanmaa
1232:Pirkanmaa
1226:Satakunta
1213:Satakunta
1151:northern
959:– Heninen
936:1475-4959
706:See also
583:Stalinism
564:Karelians
534:, Karelia
532:Käkisalmi
296:Savonians
261:hillforts
223:Stone Age
208:Käkisalmi
176:onwards.
101:Säyneinen
1309:Tavastia
1111:eastern
1063:(except
989:Archived
977:Archived
721:Heraldry
611:Kalevala
603:Germanic
591:folklore
585:and the
556:Karelian
544:Iron Age
514:(1917–)
508:(1917–)
502:(1917–)
457:Red Army
416:and the
344:hundreds
319:Valdemar
257:Iron Age
236:and the
227:Karelian
156:Finnish
71:and the
1401:Uusimaa
1388:Uusimaa
1279:Savonia
1153:Lapland
1140:Laponia
1081:Karelia
944:1791235
916:Bibcode
560:Finland
550:in 1893
518:Culture
402:Savonia
327:marshal
315:crusade
180:History
162:western
158:Karelia
115:Karelia
55:) is a
53:Karjala
49:Finnish
45:Karelia
18:Karelen
1373:Somero
1264:Loimaa
1185:Kainuu
1069:Somero
1065:Loimaa
942:
934:
805:
799:Keuruu
776:
770:Keuruu
621:People
467:. The
379:Ingria
363:Viborg
246:Lappee
119:Russia
103:) and
77:Russia
1432:Ă…land
1419:Ă…land
940:JSTOR
713:Names
127:ceded
93:Kaavi
1067:and
963:Flag
932:ISSN
803:ISBN
774:ISBN
605:and
389:and
369:and
274:The
149:and
99:and
63:and
36:The
1375:of
1266:of
924:doi
912:118
440:).
393:.
111:).
87:),
1481::
938:.
930:.
922:.
910:.
482:.
385:,
381:,
377:,
95:,
51::
1031:e
1024:t
1017:v
946:.
926::
918::
811:.
782:.
643:.
107:(
91:(
47:(
20:)
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