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736:
243:
234:. Kestrels are most easily distinguished by their typical hunting behaviour which is to hover at a height of around 10–20 metres (35–65 ft) over open country and swoop down on ground prey, usually small mammals, lizards or large insects, while other falcons are more adapted for active hunting during flight.
711:
Wink, M., and H. Sauer-GĂĽrth, 2004, "Phylogenetic relationships in diurnal raptors based on nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear marker genes", pp. 483-498 in R.D. Chancellor and B.-U. Meyburg (eds.), Raptors
Worldwide, World Working Group on Birds of Prey,
668:
Groombridge, Jim J.; Jones, Carl G.; Bayes, Michelle K.; van Zyl, Anthony J.; Carrillo, José; Nichols, Richard A.; Bruford, Michael W. (2002). "A molecular phylogeny of
African kestrels with reference to divergence across the Indian Ocean".
391:. Other recent DNA analysis takes a similar view that the American kestrel is not a true kestrel, but rather than being linked to the hobbies is more likely genetically more closely related to the larger American falcons such as the
352:. A group of three predominantly grey species from Africa and Madagascar are usually considered kestrels due to their general shape and habits, but are probably distinct from the true kestrels as outlined above.
403:. Though the species has not been renamed as a result of these genetic analyses, it is thus likely a descendant of archaic larger falcon ancestors evolved through a process of
375:
species termed "kestrel". The molecular data of
Groombridge as well as morphological peculiarities (like grey wings in males and a black ear-spot) and
776:
333:, around 2.5–2 mya), the main lineage of true kestrels emerged; this contains the species characterized by a malar stripe. This too seems to have
771:
166:
721:
Griffiths, C., 1999, "Phylogeny of the
Falconidae Inferred from Molecular and Morphological Data", The Auk 116(1):116-130.
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stripe, and in one case have—like other falcons but unlike other true kestrels—large areas of grey in their wings.
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314:"true" kestrels are three species from Africa and its surroundings which lack a
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to fit a similar small prey niche in the ecosystem as the true kestrels.
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27:
Common name for several species of the falcon genus, Falco
379:, strongly support the view that this species, among the
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341:until they reached Australia some time during the
269:among the falcons, as suggested by comparison of
337:in Africa and subsequently spread across the
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265:termed kestrels appear to form a distinct
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286:. This seems to have diverged from other
383:falcons, is not a kestrel at all in the
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671:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
610:, found in Eastern to Southern Africa
600:, found in Central to Southern Africa
7:
254:) perched on the roof of a car in
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777:Extant Miocene first appearances
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387:sense but perhaps closer to the
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1:
691:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00254-3
350:found on Indian Ocean islands
556:, found in Equatorial Africa
772:Messinian first appearances
582:and equatorial forest areas
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29:
321:Approximately during the
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69:Scientific classification
67:
55:
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418:or common kestrel group
32:Kestrel (disambiguation)
589:(a more distant group)
479:or Australian kestrel,
364:
258:
204:
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60:feeding his chicks in
587:African grey kestrels
496:or Eurasian kestrel,
358:
245:
743:at Wikimedia Commons
566:, found in southern
405:convergent evolution
30:For other uses, see
683:2002MolPE..25..267G
604:Dickinson's kestrel
416:Malar-striped clade
540:Falco rupicoloides
432:Seychelles kestrel
365:
343:Middle Pleistocene
259:
202:, derivative from
767:Bird common names
739:Media related to
618:Falco zoniventris
598:Falco ardosiaceus
531:of true kestrels
498:Falco tinnunculus
481:Falco cenchroides
468:Falco moluccensis
441:Mauritius kestrel
361:Falco tinnunculus
331:Early Pleistocene
306:, or about 7–3.5
216:given to several
188:
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16:(Redirected from
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638:Falco sparverius
634:American kestrel
628:American kestrel
608:Falco dickinsoni
529:Basal lineage(s)
423:Malagasy kestrel
393:peregrine falcon
369:American kestrel
359:Common kestrel (
252:Falco sparverius
248:American kestrel
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578:except for the
546:to South Africa
536:Greater kestrel
519:Falco rupicolus
477:Nankeen kestrel
464:Spotted kestrel
450:RĂ©union kestrel
445:Falco punctatus
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397:aplomado falcon
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222:predatory birds
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564:Falco naumanni
560:Lesser kestrel
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554:Falco alopex
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523:South Africa
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515:Rock kestrel
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436:Falco araeus
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385:phylogenetic
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377:biogeography
371:is the only
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62:Negev desert
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640:, found in
620:, found on
550:Fox kestrel
542:, found in
521:, found in
500:, found in
483:, found in
470:, found in
290:around the
274:cytochrome
246:A juvenile
238:Description
214:common name
142:Subfamily:
751:Categories
652:References
622:Madagascar
489:New Guinea
298:boundary (
284:morphology
282:data and
200:crécerelle
146:Falconinae
136:Falconidae
485:Australia
472:Indonesia
373:New World
339:Old World
300:Messinian
224:from the
212:) is the
190:The term
92:Kingdom:
86:Eukaryota
699:12414309
460:(c.1700)
323:Gelasian
304:Zanclean
296:Pliocene
280:sequence
205:crécelle
182:§ Groups
174:Species
163:Linnaeus
132:Family:
106:Chordata
102:Phylum:
96:Animalia
82:Domain:
42:Kestrel
18:Kestrels
762:Falcons
712:Berlin.
679:Bibcode
544:Eastern
458:extinct
389:hobbies
335:evolved
292:Miocene
263:species
218:species
210:ratchet
208:, i.e.
192:kestrel
152:Genus:
122:Order:
112:Class:
697:
580:Sahara
576:Africa
568:Europe
510:Africa
508:, and
502:Europe
411:Groups
399:, and
395:, the
256:Boston
226:falcon
196:French
194:(from
741:Falco
572:India
381:Falco
325:age (
316:malar
312:basal
288:Falco
271:mtDNA
267:clade
261:Most
232:Falco
229:genus
157:Falco
56:Male
695:PMID
644:and
506:Asia
487:and
367:The
347:taxa
180:See
167:1758
116:Aves
687:doi
329:or
308:mya
302:to
220:of
753::
693:.
685:.
675:25
673:.
660:^
636:,
616:,
606:,
596:,
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517:,
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466:,
456:–
452:,
443:,
434:,
425:,
198::
165:,
701:.
689::
681::
363:)
294:–
276:b
250:(
34:.
20:)
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