471:
beyond the plain, twelve miles away. The Anti-Taurus range lies some forty miles to the north in full view from the ridge just back of the city. The surrounding population are mostly farmers, and they all live in villages. No city in Turkey is the center of so many
Armenian villages, and the most of them are large. Nearly thirty can be counted from different parts of the city. This makes Harput a most favorable missionary center. Fifteen out-stations lie within ten miles of the city. The Arabkir field, on the west, was joined to Harput in 1865, and the following year…the larger part of the Diyarbekir field on the south; so that now the limits of the Harput station embrace a district nearly one third as large as new England.
531:
request of
European diplomats, but this was declared only after the deportation had already taken place. The vali of Harput Vilayet, Sabit Bey, estimated that 51,000 Armenians had been deported from the vilayet by September 1915, and that 4,000 were still in hiding in the villages. Those Armenians who had managed to hide and avoid the first wave of deportations were rounded up and deported or massacred in fall 1915. Davis estimated that an additional 1,000 to 2,000 Armenians were taken to secluded places and killed in November 1915.
637:
496:
355:, an Artukid prince who had previously attempted to usurp the throne of Hisn Kayfa, gained control of Harput. Harput remained an independent Artukid principality until 1234, when it was conquered by the Seljuks. It was during the Artukid period that the former population of Arsamosata became fully absorbed by Harput. In the early 1200s, one of the Artukid princes may have entirely rebuilt the citadel. In the subsequent period of Seljuk rule, not much was built in Harput.
442:
527:
taken away to be killed, followed by the deportation of women, children and the elderly. Since Harput was a major transit point for deportees from other parts of the
Ottoman Empire, a large number of Armenians from other regions died in the area. This prompted the American consul Leslie Davis to dub the Harput Vilayet “the Slaughterhouse Province.” He estimated that 10,000 Armenians had been massacred and buried in mass graves around Lake Hazar alone.
2224:
31:
2212:
551:
a museum was opened. Over time, Harput was turned into a suburb of Elazığ, and facilities were created for tourism and recreation. The ruined
Armenian neighborhoods of Harput were levelled in the 1960s and 70s. The only church standing in Harput today is the St. Mary Syriac Orthodox Church, which was renovated in the early 2000s․
550:
Harput was largely an abandoned ruin in the 1930s and 1940s, as priority was given to the development of Elazığ. Starting from the 1950s, new interest in and nostalgia for Harput spurred efforts to renovate the old town. Some historic monuments were restored, a new municipality building was built and
530:
Syriacs were initially to be deported along with the
Armenians, but the deportation order was rescinded the next day (some were deported anyway; those that remained were relocated to Elazığ or emigrated in the 1920s). Armenian Catholics and Protestants were officially exempted from deportation at the
526:
In April 1915, the
Armenian population of the vilayet was disarmed, which was followed by the arrest of dozens of Armenian elites. The Armenian inhabitants of Harput and the surrounding area were deported and massacred starting in June 1915. As in other places, men were the first to be rounded up and
470:
The city of Harput has a population of perhaps 20,000, and it is located a few miles east of the river
Euphrates, near latitude thirty-nine, and east from Greenwich about thirty-nine degrees. It is on a mountain facing south, with a populous plain 1,200 feet below it. The Taurus Mountains lie
462:
missionary school. The town's
Armenians had their own educational centers as well, consisting of five church schools and the Smpadian coeducational academy. Harput's community of Syriac Christians had their own quarter and numbered around 800 people, according to one estimate. The Syriacs spoke
423:
Various estimates exist for the population and ethnic makeup of Harput in the 19th century: 3000 Armenian and
Turkish households at the beginning of the 19th century, 25,000 inhabitants (of which 15,400 were Armenian) in 1830–1850 and around 20,000 in 1892. Another estimate places the town's
453:
and one was
Protestant. Protestant missionary activity in Harput and the surrounding area began in 1855. An American missionary school was established near the citadel, providing an education mainly for Armenians. The missionary-run
1530:
475:
Emigration of Armenians and Syriacs from Harput had already began in the 1850s, the main destinations being other cities of the Ottoman Empire, the United States and the Caucasus. Harput was affected by the
1523:
2145:
2307:
480:
in the 1890s. The Turkish attackers looted and damaged the Armenian neighborhoods of the town, killing 700 Armenians and forcibly Islamizing 200 Armenian families, according to one estimate.
463:
Armenian as their first language and had close ties with the Armenian community. There was at least one school in the Syriac quarter, and a separate Syriac girls' school was founded in 1909.
1516:
1798:
284:
occupation of the region, after 938. An imposing fortress was built on a wide rock outcropping overlooking the valley from the south. A town grew around the fortress, with a primarily
2297:
597:
The U.S. consulate in Harpoot started operation from January 1, 1901 with Dr. Thomas H. Norton as the consul. The consulate was established to assist the activities of American
512:
2292:
2312:
1542:
515:
missionary who had been the head of Euphrates College. His report about the genocide was sent to the United States, and in 1997 it was published under the title
1396:
Armenian Perspectives: 10th Anniversary Conference of the Association Internationale Des Études Arméniennes, School of Oriental and African Studies, London
1424:
1933:
483:
Harput was located in a remote and isolated region of the Ottoman Empire, and consequently few outsiders visited it. Around 1910, the travel time from
920:
1028:
523:, who hid about 80 Armenians on the consulate grounds (located in Mezre), wrote detailed reports about the events in Harput during the genocide.
625:
592:
229:
Harput is located on a hilltop above a rich, fertile plain historically dotted with villages, about 14 km away from the left bank of the
1992:
1773:
1176:
2101:
1837:
612:
1083:
602:
2243:
2107:
296:
further east. By the late 11th century, Harput had eclipsed Arsamosata to become the main settlement in the region. Around 1085, a
2067:
1261:
332:
in Kharput's castle and that they were rescued by their Armenian allies. William of Tyre calls the place Quart Piert or Pierre.
97:, and incorporates a museum, old mosques, a church, and the Buzluk (Ice) Cave. Harput is about 700 miles (1,100 km) from
1407:
1117:
177:
1972:
695:
1888:
820:
93:(also known as the Harput Vilayet). Artifacts from around 2000 BC have been found in the area. The town is famous for its
2053:
351:
but not directly part of either ruling family. Balak died young in 1124 and the Artukids of Hisn Kayfa took over. Later,
2063:
2007:
1868:
1853:
1663:
1503:
534:
Survivors of the genocide from Harput ended up in different parts of the world. Some survivors founded the village of
321:
289:
1967:
2282:
1708:
450:
136:("castle, fortress"), as if meaning "a fortress surrounded by rock faces." Others have connected the name with a
1649:
385:
rule began in Harput in 1515. Under the Ottomans, Harput remained a prosperous industrial center, with thriving
2302:
1987:
1364:
210:
63:
1432:
507:. Several notable eyewitness accounts about the genocide of Armenians in Harput exist. One of them is that of
1614:
2287:
2031:
1778:
1763:
1748:
1683:
751:
636:
621:
520:
325:
90:
698:(son of Kılıçarslan IV) in 1279. The shrine contains a mummified body which is popularly known as Arap Baba
301:
2123:
2113:
1508:
484:
352:
316:
of Harput was built opposite the citadel by either Çubuk or his son (attested as the ruler here in 1107).
2140:
1928:
1828:
1394:"'Like a Policeman in a Mob': the Establishment of the U.S. Consulate in Kharpert, Turkey, 1901-1905" in
362:. It was one of the main cities in the beylik, and the citadel was again rebuilt during this period. The
1942:
1584:
538:
in Soviet Armenia in 1929. The village was founded with the help of the Compatriotic Union of Kharpert (
495:
413:
313:
2163:
1703:
74:
449:
In the second half of the 19th century, there were six Armenian churches in Harput. Five of them were
401:
2118:
2091:
1976:
1158:
542:), which was founded in the United States in 1926 and established branches in a number of countries.
425:
424:
population at the beginning of the 20th century at 12,200 (6,080 Armenians and 6,120 non-Armenians).
1733:
2096:
1848:
1574:
503:
The extermination of Armenians in the Harput Vilayet is one of the best documented episodes of the
378:
262:
1858:
847:
441:
2150:
Trading Posts and Fortifications on Genoese Trade Routes from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea
2017:
1997:
1793:
1480:
997:
567:
households and 3 churches. The Armenian population was reduced due to the harsh treatment by the
477:
359:
266:
2168:
2153:
663:
Sultan Fahrettin Karaaslan in 1156. It is one of the oldest and important structures in Anatolia
466:
American missionary Rev. Dr. Herman N. Barnum gave the following description of Harput in 1892:
120:
in 1937), a town on the plain below Harput that significantly grew in size in the 19th century.
1753:
1654:
1411:
1403:
1172:
1113:
1079:
791:
781:
580:
504:
455:
113:
54:
628:. Davis stated that this mission was "one of the most remote and inaccessible in the world."
607:
2133:
2128:
2086:
1923:
1878:
1823:
1673:
1659:
1629:
1470:
1399:
1033:
987:
852:
786:
776:
560:
428:
gives the combined Armenian population of Harput and 56 other nearby localities (the Harput
408:, on the plain to the northeast, and some of Harput's population moved with them. In 1838 a
281:
137:
42:
416:. In 1879, Mezre was built up into a large city named Mamuret el-Aziz, which became modern
2228:
2058:
2043:
1698:
572:
317:
250:
203:
145:
1723:
1668:
152:, a city mentioned in Assyrian cuneiform inscriptions, putatively having developed into
2188:
2183:
2173:
1813:
1369:(in Turkish). Istanbul: Istanbul University School of Literature Press. pp. 89, 90
734:
678:
508:
382:
297:
274:
86:
487:(now Istanbul) to Harput was about three days by train and then 18 days on horseback.
2276:
2216:
2158:
1962:
1743:
1640:
Early Period of Anatolian Turkish Heritage: Niksar, The Capital of Danishmend Dynasty
1599:
1550:
1484:
1001:
730:
691:
305:
94:
2193:
2178:
2036:
Late Antique and Medieval Churches and Monasteries of Midyat and Surrounding Area (
1803:
1168:
598:
535:
374:
309:
30:
1713:
1196:
417:
405:
237:(previously known as Gölcük in Turkish and Tsovkʻ in Armenian), the source of the
117:
82:
1498:
1162:
1107:
1073:
1947:
1833:
671:
666:
Sarahatun Camii (also known as Sarayhatun Cami): Built by Sara Hatun, mother of
568:
435:
340:
329:
254:
230:
109:
438:
as 39,788 and the Armenian population of the entire Harput Vilayet as 124,289.
1918:
1693:
1594:
667:
367:
363:
293:
234:
2258:
2245:
1475:
1458:
1055:
992:
975:
931:] (in Armenian). Vol. 2. Yerevan State University. pp. 697–699.
2037:
1937:
1893:
1233:"Starving Armenians": America and the Armenian Genocide, 1915-1930 and After
1023:
564:
348:
285:
169:
105:
253:
believed Harput to be the site of Ura, the main fortress of the Bronze Age
618:
The building had three stories, a wall, and a garden with mulberry trees.
1982:
1952:
1843:
1788:
1738:
1718:
1619:
1609:
1569:
409:
336:
161:
98:
1262:"Days of Tragedy in Armenia: Personal Experiences in Harpoot, 1915-1917"
1109:
Eastern Turkey: An Architectural & Archaeological Survey, Volume III
1908:
1644:
1560:
746:
660:
624:
became consul of Harput in 1914 and left in 1917 upon the cessation of
394:
270:
173:
17:
1704:
Haci Bayram Mosque and its Surrounding Area (the Haci Bayram District)
919:
Hakobyan, T. Kh.; Melik-Bakhshyan, St. T.; Barseghyan, H. Kh. (1988).
579:
population that freely intermarried with the Armenians and also spoke
2048:
2022:
1957:
1903:
1898:
1883:
1639:
1589:
1565:
1539:
1038:
576:
459:
390:
371:
344:
258:
238:
191:
78:
116:. By the 20th century, Harput had been absorbed into Mezre (renamed
1459:"The Syriacs of Kharberd (Kharput) on the Eve of the 1915 Genocide"
1075:
Great Strategic Rivalries: From the Classical World to the Cold War
976:"The Syriacs of Kharberd (Kharput) on the Eve of the 1915 Genocide"
180:; according to this view, Kharberd is a corrupted form of the name
128:
Kharberd was first interpreted as consisting of the Armenian words
1913:
1728:
1604:
1579:
635:
494:
440:
29:
2054:
The Underground Water Structures in Gaziantep; Livas' and Kastels
677:
Kurşunlu Camii: Built between 1738 and 1739 in Harput during the
292:
population that came from nearby villages as well as the city of
2026:
1024:"The 1895-1896 Armenian Massacres in Harput: Eyewitness Account"
674:), in 1465 as a small mosque. It was renovated in 1585 and 1843.
430:
386:
358:
From the mid-14th century until 1433, Harput became part of the
1512:
1214:
1212:
1210:
944:
E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Volume 4
822:
At Arm's Length: Historical Ethnography of Proximity in Harput
2146:
Seljuk Caravanserais on the route from Denizli to Dogubeyazit
160:. Another proposed etymology connects it with the name of a
875:
American Turkish Encounters: Politics and Culture, 1830-1989
1298:
1296:
1283:
1281:
209:, meaning "the fortress of Ziyad." The medieval geographer
929:
Dictionary of toponymy of Armenia and adjacent territories
280:
Harput was developed as a military base during the second
257:
confederation. Harput was a fortress town of the Iron Age
164:
and Hurrian goddess. Kharbed is sometimes identified with
2032:
Ismail Fakirullah Tomb and its Light Refraction Mechanism
1983:
The Theatre and Aqueducts of the Ancient City of Aspendos
1854:
Sultan Bayezid II Complex: A Center of Medical Treatment
1799:
The Tombstones of Ahlat the Urartian and Ottoman citadel
690:
Arap Baba Mescidi ve Türbesi: Built during the reign of
458:
was the only high school in the town. There was also a
304:
conquered Harput and was confirmed as its ruler by the
1804:
Tushpa/Van Fortress, the Mound and the Old City of Van
925:
Hayastani ev harakitsʻ shrjanneri teghanunneri baṛaran
68:
1779:
Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye (Islamic-Ottoman Social Complex)
1739:
Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA)
366:
ruled Harput from 1433 to 1478; the Aq Qoyunlu ruler
1197:"Kharpert: The Golden Plain of the Armenian Plateau"
112:
and had a significant Armenian population until the
2076:
2006:
1867:
1812:
1762:
1682:
1628:
1549:
1499:Kharpert: The Golden Plain of the Armenian Plateau
1054:
873:Selcuk Esenbel; Bilge Nur Criss; Tony Greenwood.
499:Armenian children at kindergarten in Harput, 1900
277:, the initial capital of the Kingdom of Sophene.
1543:Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey
1504:Province of Mamuratul-Aziz/Harput: Photo gallery
701:Fetih Ahmet Baba Türbesi (Shrine of Fetih Ahmed)
1674:Sümela Monastery (The Monastery of Virgin Mary)
468:
81:. It now forms a small district of the city of
2308:Former Armenian communities in Elazığ Province
1386:
1384:
615:initially refused to recognize the consulate.
273:. Some scholars consider it to be the site of
1524:
8:
1425:"ARSLAN, Yerwant in "Dizionario Biografico""
1366:Polonyalı Simeon'un Seyahatnâmesi: 1608–1619
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
1924:Eflatun Pinar: The Hittite Spring Sanctuary
1650:Kızılırmak Delta Wetland and Bird Sanctuary
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
721:Harput is the setting of the romance novel
412:was built in Mezre as a local base against
343:, who was related to the Artukid rulers of
1531:
1517:
1509:
571:ruling the region. Harpoot also housed an
1474:
1314:
1302:
1287:
1245:
1218:
1164:The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History
1037:
991:
2293:World Heritage Tentative List for Turkey
1057:Conquest: How Societies Overwhelm Others
737:, whose grandfather was born in Harput.
2313:Historic Assyrian communities in Turkey
1615:Mausoleum and Sacred area of Hecatomnus
808:
775:Also called Karput, Kharput, Kharpert.
768:
400:In 1834, however, the governors of the
381:, lived here with her Greek entourage.
27:Ancient Fortress City in Elazığ, Turkey
2298:Tourist attractions in Elazığ Province
1729:Konya-A capital of Seljuk Civilization
1699:Basilica Therma (Sarıkaya Roma Hamamı)
1350:
1338:
1326:
1138:
1136:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
626:Ottoman Empire-United States relations
593:Ottoman Empire-United States relations
559:Upon his visit in early 17th century,
1993:Yesemek Quarry and Sculpture Workshop
1953:Karatepe-Aslantaş Archaeological Site
1889:Ancient Cities of Lycian Civilization
1694:Archaeological Site of Kültepe-Kanesh
1256:
1254:
1190:
1188:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
825:(PhD thesis). University of Michigan.
790:
780:
710:Sefik Gul Community Center of Culture
603:Ottoman Ministry of Internal Security
404:moved their residence to the town of
7:
1840:Battles Zones in the First World War
1195:Karanian, Matthew (6 January 2015).
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
814:
812:
73:) is an ancient town located in the
652:in Turkish), churches and shrines (
613:Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs
269:and later the Armenian province of
670:Sultan Bahadır Han (also known as
668:Aq Qoyunlu (White Sheep Turkomans)
25:
1979:and surrounding historic quarters
1919:Archaeological Site of Sagalassos
1610:The Historical Port City of Izmir
1463:Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies
1029:Études Arméniennes Contemporaines
980:Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies
324:(Jocelyn) of Courtenay, and King
221:referred to the ancient citadel.
2223:
2222:
2210:
1744:Odunpazari Historical Urban Site
1585:Archaeological site of Laodikeia
1112:. Pindar Press. pp. 18–34.
519:. The American consul in Harput
511:, a congregational minister and
445:Harput in the early 20th century
217:was the name of the city, while
194:sources referred to Kharberd as
707:St. Mary Syriac Orthodox Church
184:(with the proposed development
2068:Mor Yakup (Saint Jacob) Church
1664:Rock-tombs of the Pontic Kings
1645:Historic Guild Town of Mudurnu
1:
2059:Zerzevan Castle and Mithraeum
1719:Historical Monuments of Niğde
1590:Archaeological Site of Priene
1390:Merguerian, Barbara J. (1997)
1363:Andreasyan, Hrand D. (1964).
1145:The Missionary Herald vol. 88
645:Harput Kalesi (Harput Castle)
640:Harput Kalesi (Harput Castle)
540:Hamakharberdtsʻiakan miutʻiwn
2083:Anatolian Seljuks Madrasahs
2064:Zeynel Abidin Mosque Complex
2018:Archeological Site of Zeugma
1914:Archaeological Site of Perge
1595:Ayvalık Industrial Landscape
1580:Archaeological Site of Assos
1575:Ancient City of Stratonikeia
1431:(in Italian). Archived from
846:White, Edward (2017-02-03).
393:-making industries and many
144:, meaning "path" or "road."
1669:Nature Park of Ballıca Cave
1078:. Oxford University Press.
687:Ağall Camii: built in 1559.
563:noted that Harpoot had 100
322:Joscelin I, Count of Edessa
265:, Harput was a part of the
186:Hoṛeberd-Khoreberd-Kharberd
148:proposed a connection with
69:
2329:
1714:Historic Town of Beypazarı
1566:The Ancient City of Sardis
1143:Rev.Herman Norton Barnum.
1022:Mayersen, Deborah (2018).
723:La masseria delle allodole
590:
517:Days of Tragedy in Armenia
172:canton of the province of
89:period, it fell under the
2204:
2049:Mardin Cultural Landscape
1934:Güllük Dagi National Park
1894:Ancient City of Anazarbos
1789:Historic Town of Kemaliye
1570:Lydian Tumuli of Bin Tepe
1266:www.armenian-genocide.org
1167:. New York & London:
725:(published in English as
58:
1988:Vespasianus Titus Tunnel
1943:Hatay, St. Pierre Church
1724:Ivriz Cultural Landscape
1709:Haci Bektas Veli Complex
1476:10.31826/hug-2020-230110
993:10.31826/hug-2020-230110
696:Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev III
1909:Ancient City of Korykos
1834:Çanakkale (Dardanelles)
1829:The Bridge of Uzunköprü
1824:The Bridge of Justinian
1784:Historic City of Harput
1749:Sivrihisar Grand Mosque
1457:Akopian, Arman (2020).
1106:Sinclair, T.A. (1989).
974:Akopian, Arman (2020).
752:Mamuret-ul-Aziz Vilayet
611:travel permit, but the
587:United States consulate
326:Baldwin II of Jerusalem
91:Mamuret-ul-Aziz Vilayet
2108:Çifte Minareli Medrese
2102:Çifte Minareli Medrese
1904:Ancient city of Kibyra
1899:Ancient City of Kaunos
1620:Medieval City of Beçin
1605:Historic Town of Birgi
641:
500:
473:
446:
233:․ To its southeast is
46:
35:
34:View of Harput in 1896
2259:38.70500°N 39.25139°E
2008:Southeastern Anatolia
1859:Yıldız Palace Complex
1435:on September 27, 2020
1231:Merrill D. Peterson.
639:
498:
444:
414:Muhammad Ali of Egypt
104:Harput was a largely
33:
2119:Ince Minaret Medrese
1998:Yivli Minaret Mosque
1849:Nuruosmaniye Complex
1838:Gelibolu (Gallipoli)
1561:Aizanoi Antique City
1410:, 9780700706105. p.
1072:Lacey, James (109).
819:Sipahi, Ali (2015).
782:[χɑɾˈpʰɛɾtʰ]
659:Ulu Camii: Built by
353:Imad ad-Din Abu Bakr
339:ruler of Harput was
168:, a fortress in the
108:populated region in
2255: /
2141:Mountainous Phrygia
2044:The Malabadi Bridge
1968:St. Nicholas Church
1317:, pp. 401–402.
1248:, pp. 385–386.
1221:, pp. 381–382.
1147:. pp. 144–147.
1053:Day, David (2008).
792:[χɑɾˈbɛɾtʰ]
731:adapted into a film
704:Mansur Baba Türbesi
601:in the region. The
2264:38.70500; 39.25139
2184:Güvercinada Castle
1794:Ishak Pasha Palace
1159:Kévorkian, Raymond
648:Historic mosques (
642:
501:
478:Hamidian massacres
451:Armenian Apostolic
447:
360:Beylik of Dulkadir
328:were prisoners of
267:Kingdom of Sophene
178:Kingdom of Armenia
36:
2238:
2237:
2217:Turkey portal
1977:Saint Paul's Well
1754:Tomb of Ahi Evran
1655:Mahmut Bey Mosque
1600:The Bodrum Castle
1178:978-1-84885-561-8
848:"The Great Crime"
505:Armenian genocide
491:Armenian genocide
456:Euphrates College
426:Raymond Kévorkian
259:Kingdom of Urartu
114:Armenian genocide
67:
16:(Redirected from
2320:
2283:Cities in Turkey
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2226:
2225:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2134:Yakutiye Medrese
2129:Sahabiye Madrasa
2087:Buruciye Medrese
2077:Multiple regions
1929:Eşrefoğlu Mosque
1879:Alahan Monastery
1764:Eastern Anatolia
1684:Central Anatolia
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434:) on the eve of
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263:classical period
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251:Hakob Manandian
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1493:External links
1491:
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1469:(1): 279–322.
1452:
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1416:
1380:
1355:
1353:, p. 427.
1343:
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1331:
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1319:
1315:Kévorkian 2011
1307:
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1303:Kévorkian 2011
1292:
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986:(1): 279–322.
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492:
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485:Constantinople
300:warlord named
275:Carcathiocerta
246:
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110:medieval times
85:. In the late
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1235:. p. 35.
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877:. p. 78.
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684:Alacalı Camii
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656:in Turkish).
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389:-weaving and
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2227:
2208:
2194:Yoros Castle
2179:Galata Tower
2169:Çeşme Castle
1783:
1466:
1462:
1437:. Retrieved
1433:the original
1428:
1419:
1395:
1391:
1371:. Retrieved
1365:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1310:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:
1241:
1232:
1226:
1200:
1169:I. B. Tauris
1163:
1153:
1144:
1123:. Retrieved
1108:
1074:
1067:
1056:
1048:
1027:
983:
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868:
857:. Retrieved
851:
821:
771:
727:Skylark Farm
726:
722:
720:
653:
649:
620:
617:
606:
599:missionaries
596:
558:
555:Demographics
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536:Nor Kharberd
533:
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502:
482:
474:
469:
465:
448:
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314:Great Mosque
310:Malik-Shah I
279:
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239:Tigris River
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50:
38:
37:
2262: /
2174:Foça Castle
2114:Gök Medrese
1948:Karain Cave
1351:Sipahi 2015
1339:Sipahi 2015
1327:Sipahi 2015
672:Uzun Hassan
632:Attractions
605:gave him a
569:Janissaries
436:World War I
370:'s wife, a
330:Belek Ghazi
320:wrote that
255:Hayasa-Azzi
231:Murat River
213:wrote that
211:Al-Dimashqi
202:, from the
2277:Categories
2250:39°15′05″E
2247:38°42′18″N
1439:2019-09-03
1408:0700706100
1271:2022-06-05
1119:0907132340
921:"Kharberd"
859:2020-04-09
758:References
717:In fiction
591:See also:
368:Uzun Hasan
364:Aq Qoyunlu
349:Hisn Kayfa
335:The first
294:Arsamosata
249:Historian
235:Lake Hazar
219:Hisn Ziyad
200:Hisn Ziyad
156:and later
2104:(Erzurum)
2038:Tur Abdin
2027:Şanlıurfa
1938:Termessos
1630:Black Sea
1485:235465241
1002:235465241
803:Citations
379:Trebizond
375:Christian
282:Byzantine
261:. In the
225:Geography
215:Khartbirt
196:Khartbirt
170:Antzitene
154:Khartberd
64:romanized
2229:Category
1662:and the
1568:and the
1402:, 1997.
1161:(2011).
741:See also
729:, later
581:Armenian
573:Assyrian
565:Armenian
410:barracks
395:medreses
286:Armenian
182:Hoṛeberd
166:Hoṛeberd
158:Kharberd
142:har/khar
106:Armenian
99:Istanbul
70:Kharberd
55:Armenian
51:Kharberd
2110:(Sivas)
1814:Marmara
1412:293–297
1373:13 June
1125:18 June
747:Sophene
694:Sultan
679:Ottoman
661:Artuqid
608:tezkere
383:Ottoman
337:Artukid
308:Sultan
298:Turkish
271:Sophene
245:History
176:of the
174:Sophene
162:Hittite
138:Hurrian
87:Ottoman
66::
59:Խարբերդ
43:Turkish
39:Harpoot
18:Kharput
2023:Harran
2010:Region
1958:Kekova
1884:Alanya
1871:Region
1816:Region
1766:Region
1686:Region
1632:Region
1553:Region
1551:Aegean
1540:UNESCO
1483:
1406:
1175:
1116:
1082:
1000:
692:Seljuk
460:French
418:Elazığ
391:carpet
345:Mardin
312:. The
306:Seljuk
290:Syriac
204:Syriac
198:or as
192:Arabic
150:Kharta
140:word,
118:Elazığ
83:Elazığ
79:Turkey
47:Harput
1844:İznik
1481:S2CID
998:S2CID
927:[
827:p. 1.
763:Notes
733:) by
654:Türbe
577:Greek
513:ABCFM
406:Mezre
377:from
372:Greek
341:Balak
302:Çubuk
49:) or
2066:and
2025:and
1936:and
1836:and
1404:ISBN
1375:2023
1173:ISBN
1127:2020
1114:ISBN
1080:ISBN
681:era.
650:Cami
575:and
431:kaza
387:silk
347:and
288:and
134:berd
130:kʻar
124:Name
1471:doi
1034:doi
988:doi
188:).
77:of
2279::
1975:,
1479:.
1467:23
1465:.
1461:.
1427:.
1398:.
1383:^
1295:^
1280:^
1264:.
1253:^
1209:^
1199:.
1187:^
1135:^
1094:^
1026:.
1010:^
996:.
984:23
982:.
978:.
952:^
923:.
883:^
850:.
832:^
811:^
785:;
583:.
420:.
397:.
241:.
101:.
61:,
57::
45::
2040:)
1532:e
1525:t
1518:v
1487:.
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