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interactive information from tourists who visit the lake throughout the year (both national and international) and local community on their perceptions for conservation and tourism. This study has established that monetary values need to be attributed to conservation of the site for biodiversity and pilgrimage through regulated ecotourism. This could also usher in economic development, closely linked to conservation.
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469:" day at the lake; a Lepcha girl named Nenjo Asha Lham was blessed by the lake goddess and was gifted with a precious gem which was lost, and it is the belief of the local people that the gem is hidden in the lake; the lake water has curative properties and hence permitted to be used only for performing rites and rituals; and with all these legends, the lake is called a "wish fulfilling lake".
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the lake is estimated to be 3500 years old. The lake is situated amidst pristine forest at an altitude of 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) near Tsozo village. The lake drains a catchment area of the Ramam watershed (Ramam mountain gives its name to the valley) and has a drainage area of 12 square kilometres (4.6 sq mi) (including area of
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As the sacred
Khecheopalri Lake is known as a "wish fulfilling lake", folklore and legends associated with it are many. The folk lore has generated deep religious interest and as a result lake's waters are permitted to be used only for performing rites and rituals. Consequently, a religious fair, one
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To ensure lake conservation and management, the
Khecheopalri Holy Lake Welfare Committee (KHLWC) and the local community are involved in developing plantations and management of festivals. They have stopped grazing around the lake periphery and even stopped construction of a footpath on the periphery
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Thus, ecotourism, promoted with the involvement of local communities, could not only provide economic benefits but also control further deterioration of biodiversity in the
Khecheopalri Lake surroundings as well as in the Yuksom-Dzongri-Goechha La Corridor. Further, as a conservation measure, fishing
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Khecheopalri Lake and the
Khangchendzonga National Park (KNP), which are visited by tourists and trekkers on the Yuksom-Dzongri-GoechhaLa trekking corridor (45 kilometres (28 mi) long trek) have caused concerns of environmental deterioration in the region. It is recorded that tourist inflow into
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of 70,100 square metres (755,000 sq ft). The periphery of lake has the shape of a foot. The surface water spread area of the lake is 3.79 hectares (9.4 acres). The depth of water in the lake varies from 3.2–11.2 metres (10–37 ft) with an average depth of 7.2 metres (24 ft). It is
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The lake was the original névé (term used to define formation of a glacier from compact granular snow) region of ancient precipitous glaciers. The depression where the lake is situated was formed by the scooping action of the glacier. It forms the southern bank of the
Lethang valley. The formation of
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Another folk legend narrated (a plaque erected at the entrance to the lake by the
Department of Ecclesiastical Affairs, Government of Sikkim gives some details of the legend) is that long time back this place used to be a grazing ground, troubled by nettle (the native original tribal population make
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Lepchas as a location of spiritual power. It became a sacred
Buddhist site around 1700 with the establishment of Khecheopalri Monastery, and the lake is now the subject of a mixture of Buddhist and animistic practices. Pilgrims to the lake seek healing and fertility. Every day, people offer flowers
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A scientific study was, therefore, instituted (the first such study in India of a sacred lake in a temperate zone) with the objective of quantifying the sacredness value of the lake and the related recreational value of the Yuksom-Dzongri-Goechha La corridor. The study was carried out by gathering
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To reduce the pollution levels in the lake, the measures envisaged are: afforestation of degraded forest areas, prayer ceremonies to be made monastery centric than lake centric, implement a management plan with full local participation, shifting cultivation and grazing in the catchment to be
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due to extraction of valuable ecosystem components due to deforestation and adoption of harmful land-use practices. The inhabitants around the lake exploit the natural resources of the lake watershed by way of extraction of fuel, fodder and timber, and by livestock grazing. Pilgrimage season
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are the main ethnic group of the place. Traditional agriculture is the main livelihood and recently some households have become involved in tourism. Pelling–Yuksom road leads to the lake, which is surrounded by densely forested hills. There is also a monastery above the lake.
880:. The dakini has many names, and most of the Bhutia-Lepcha villagers and Buddhist pilgrims think of the lake as her foot. The monks of Khecheopalri Monastery and the surrounding areas dedicate several ceremonies to the lake each year, along with animistic priests.
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or any other recreational activities at the lake have been prohibited. Swimming and boating in the lake are also prohibited. There is also the belief among the local community that any disturbance on the 'Holy Lake' could lead to calamities and unwelcome events.
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The mythological links to the origin of all the lakes in Sikkim make them sacred and so is the case with the
Khecheopalri Lake. Many legends are narrated such as: Guru Padmasambahava preached to sixty-four yoginis here; it is the residing place of the Goddess
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Sikkim had seen a quantum jump in the period between 1980 and 2001; domestic tourism increased by more than 10 times and international tourists inflow increased by about fourfold. This concern is not limited to very high influx of tourists but also
500:. The lake because of its high religious significance has been declared a protected lake under the Govt. of Sikkim Notification no. 701/Home/2001/dated 20-09-2001 and the provision of the place of worship (Special Provision Act 1991 of
905:(substance that is first offered to a deity and then consumed). People believe that Shiva exists in "solemn meditation inside the lake". During this festival, pilgrims float butter lamps in the lake on bamboo boats tied with
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compounds the threats to the lake environment in the form of outwash of the offerings made into the lake by pilgrims, decomposition of waste material resulting in increase in acidity of the lake waters and consequent high
352:, which means "Oh Lady, Sit Here". The popularly known name of the lake, considering its location is Khecheopalri Lake, ensconced in the midst of the Khechoedpaldri hill, which is also considered a sacred hill.
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that leads to the front of the lake and from where prayers and incense are offered. Prayer wheels are fixed along the jetty with prayer flags and
Tibetan inscriptions, adding to the piety of the place.
390:. An interesting feature of the lake is that leaves are not allowed to float on the lake, which is ensured by the birds which industriously pick them up as soon as they drop into the lake surface.
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The avifauna recorded in the lake, particularly in the festive season when they gather in the early hours of the morning (dispersed with human presence) at the middle of the lake are:
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761:. The lake is also a resting-place for Trans-Himalayan migratory birds and supports commercial and recreational tourism. Trans Himalayan migratory birds visit the lake.
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The lake is an integral part of the much revered valley of "Demazong" meaning valley of rice. This landscape is also known as a land of hidden treasures blessed by Guru
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falling from air on the ground. This was followed by severe shaking of the ground and spring water emerged from below and thus the lake was formed. Based on the sacred
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discouraged, weed control through manual and mechanical extraction and most importantly to check anthropogenic and agricultural runoff into the lake.
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According to folklore legend related to Sikkim topography, the
Khecheopalri is said to represent one of the four plexus of the human body namely, the
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The sanctity of the lake is exemplified by another legend, which says that the shape of the lake is in the form of foot that represents the foot of
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The climate of the lake region is monsoonal. The maximum and minimum temperatures recorded are 24 °C (75 °F) and 4 °C (39 °F).
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also inferred from a visual observation of the lake that it has undergone changes in its size due to encroachment due to peripheral vegetation and
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O'Neill, Alexander; et al. (25 February 2020). "Establishing Ecological Baselines Around a Temperate Himalayan Peatland".
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Annual Buddhist rituals from the readings of the Naysul prayer book, which describes the origin of Sikkim and has several
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The lake is surrounded by a broad-leaved mixed temperate forest. However, the vegetation in the lake comprises
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1402:"In the Middle of the Lotus: Khecheopalri Lake, A Contested Sacred Land in the Eastern Himalaya of Sikkim"
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1094:"Folklores of Sacred Khecheopalri Lake in the Sikkim Himalaya of India: A Plea for Conservation"
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text, the lake was interpreted as the abode of "Tshomen Gyalmo or chief protective nymph of the
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levels, increase in concentration of chlorides, iron and ammonia levels and proliferation of
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as essential offshoots. As a result, their recreational and sacredness values are enhanced.
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The Khecheopalri Lake is also part of Buddhist religious pilgrimage circuit involving the
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1374:. Environment Centre on Ecotourism in Sikkim: national Informatics Centre. Archived from
893:(March/April), which is attended by a large number of pilgrims from all parts of Sikkim,
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Chho-Tsho, is another festival that is observed here in the month of October after the
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meditated in Dupukney Cave that is situated above the lake and hence worshipped on "
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1437:: Official plaque at entrance to Khecheolpalri Lake erected by the Department of
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and India. They offer food material to the lake and carry waters of the lake as
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use of the barks of nettle for multipurpose uses). Then, on a particular day, a
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of the lake in order to maintain the forest vegetation surrounding the lake.
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and the Khecheopalri Lake is her footprint; the lake represents the Goddess
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Urban and regional development in India: essays in honour of Prof. L.N. Ram
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The Phytoplankton species are a composition of different families namely,
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The lake is enveloped in a dense forest cover of temperate vegetation and
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A website with pictures of Khecheopalri lake and Khecehopalri Monastery
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couple were peeling off the bark of the nettle when they saw a pair of
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All these factors increased the pollution level in the lake waters.
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of the largest festivals, is held here every year for two days in
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1138:. Envis: National Informatics Centre. p. 369. Archived from
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Thakur, Baleshwar; V.N.P. Sinha; M. Prasad; Rana Pratap (2005).
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Brief Overview of Valuation of Ecotourlsm in the S1kkim Himalaya
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Jain, Alka; H. Birkumar Singh; S. C. Rai; E. Sharma (2004).
504:. Department of Eccliastical Affairs, Government of Sikkim.
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harvest to offer gratitude for providing people with food.
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This lake was also identified as the footprints of Goddess
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Located 34 kilometres (21 mi) to the northwest of
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are conserved from the biodiversity perspective with
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File:A plaque at entrance to Khecheolpalri Lake.jpg
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779:values (varied between 6.8 and 8.5), reduction in
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46:Foot bridge approach to the Khecheolpalri Lake
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1409:Bulletin of the National Institute of Ecology
190:Two perennial and five seasonal stream inlets
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1170:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 19.
1489:A website with pictures of Kheceopalri lake
1457:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 417.
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810:Khecheolpalri Village setting near the lake
655:The fish species recorded in the lake are:
433:of Compassion) and 'palri' means "palace".
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978:A plaque at entrance to Khecheolpalri Lake
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871:Khecheopalri Lake was once worshipped by
855:secret prayers, are chanted at the lake.
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1259:. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 634.
1322:. Mittal Publications. pp. 80–81.
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1400:Evershed, Sarah; Fish, Adam (2006).
1205:Bindloss, Joe; Sarina Singh (2007).
1002:A small shrine at Khecheolpalri Lake
990:Prayer flags at Khecheolpalri Lake
966:Another view of Khecheolpalri Lake
596:(18) which is the foremost group,
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1032:Wetlands Ecology & Management
839:The boardwalk leading to the lake
623:The Zooplanktons recorded are: 7
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212:12 km (4.6 sq mi)
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1293:. Sikkim Online. Archived from
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1441:Affairs, Government of Sikkim.
1319:Sikkim: Geographical Perspects
604:(11), and one species each of
393:The Khecheopalri Lake and the
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1316:Choudhury, Maitreyee (2006).
489:as blessed by Goddess Tara".
395:Khangchendzonga National Park
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425:" (female manifestations of
271:1,700 m (5,600 ft)
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1700:Tourism in Northeast India
1213:. Lonely Planet. pp.
1044:10.1007/s11273-020-09710-7
27:Lake in West Sikkim, India
327:Northeastern Indian state
237:3.79 hectares (9.4 acres)
111:Khecheopalri Lake (India)
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384:Sanga Choeling Monastery
253:11.2 m (37 ft)
1499:19 January 2018 at the
1253:Bradnock, Roma (2004).
1164:Silas, Sandeep (2005).
1136:Sacred Khechopalri Lake
876:and food to the lake's
867:The stupa near the lake
739:White-breasted waterhen
313:(meaning the heaven of
245:7.2 m (24 ft)
1690:Sacred lakes of Sikkim
1167:Discover India by Rail
1098:Asian Folklore Studies
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743:Amaurornis phoenicurus
413:According to folklore
309:, originally known as
293:Khecheopalri village,
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843:Now, there is a lake
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802:Conservation measures
376:Pemayangtse Monastery
772:loss of biodiversity
1129:"Wetland Inventory"
1104:. Nanzan University
759:Amaurornisbi colour
706:phalacrocorax carbo
689:Podiceps ruficollis
661:Danio aequipinnatus
502:Government of India
388:Tashiding Monastery
157:27.3500°N 88.1886°E
153: /
1695:Gyalshing district
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81:Show map of Sikkim
78:Location in Sikkim
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1224:978-1-74104-308-2
451:Tara Jetsun Dolma
307:Khecheopalri Lake
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268:Surface elevation
114:Show map of India
105:Khecheopalri Lake
72:Khecheopalri Lake
35:Khecheopalri Lake
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1329:81-8324-158-1
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1296:
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1291:"West Sikkim"
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1266:1-904777-00-7
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651:Aquatic fauna
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621:
619:
618:Cryptophyceae
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598:Chrysophyceae
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594:Chlorophyceae
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583:Phytoplankton
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357:Padmasambhava
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315:Padmasambhava
312:
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242:Average depth
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60:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1628:Khecheopalri
1627:
1582:Rangpo River
1468:. Retrieved
1453:
1446:
1413:. Retrieved
1411:(17): 55, 61
1408:
1380:. Retrieved
1376:the original
1371:
1333:. Retrieved
1318:
1311:
1299:. Retrieved
1295:the original
1270:. Retrieved
1255:
1235:
1228:. Retrieved
1208:
1181:. Retrieved
1166:
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1140:the original
1135:
1106:. Retrieved
1101:
1097:
1035:
1031:
947:Tilicho lake
942:Lake Tsongmo
934:Lakes portal
911:
906:
890:
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742:
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682:
673:Schziothorax
654:
631:, 2 each of
622:
606:Charophyceae
602:Cyanophyceae
591:
576:
563:
546:
518:
506:
491:
482:
479:conch shells
471:
467:Nag Panchami
447:
440:
412:
392:
361:
354:
349:
338:Pelling town
335:
310:
306:
305:
259:Water volume
233:Surface area
29:
18:Khecheopalri
1623:Gurudongmar
891:Maghe purne
859:Religiosity
729:tufted duck
721:common teal
637:cladocerans
614:Dinophyceae
587:Zooplankton
579:Macrophytes
431:Bodhisattva
415:morphometry
382:ruins, the
350:Sho Dzo Sho
323:West Sikkim
290:Settlements
160: /
135:Coordinates
1684:Categories
1577:Rangpo chu
1368:"Our View"
1008:References
831:Facilities
794:tetraspora
789:protococus
725:Anascrecca
709:), little
629:protozoans
573:Vegetation
515:Topography
403:pilgrimage
399:ecotourism
386:, and the
250:Max. depth
202:One outlet
148:88°11′19″E
145:27°21′00″N
1638:Tso Lhamo
1592:Ratey Chu
1587:Ranikhola
1415:2 January
1108:2 January
1052:211081106
873:animistic
785:planktons
711:cormorant
701:cormorant
669:Schistura
641:ostracods
542:phyllites
455:Chho Pema
409:Etymology
380:Rabdentse
342:Buddhists
174:Lake type
1652:Glaciers
1633:Menmecho
1602:Roro Chu
1552:Jaldhaka
1497:Archived
920:See also
914:cardamom
884:Festival
787:such as
699:, large
679:Avifauna
671:sp. and
633:copepods
625:rotifers
124:Location
1664:Rathong
1643:Tsongmo
1572:Rangeet
1562:Lachung
1236:Yuksom.
953:Gallery
853:tantric
765:Threats
747:moorhen
645:isopods
560:Climate
553:Lepchas
531:granite
437:Legends
419:yoginis
321:in the
319:Gangtok
299:Geyzing
281:Islands
1607:Teesta
1567:Lhonak
1557:Lachen
1545:Rivers
1538:Sikkim
1461:
1326:
1263:
1221:
1174:
1050:
907:khadas
903:Prasad
895:Bhutan
878:dakini
757:brown
753:) and
600:(15),
549:bamboo
538:schist
534:gneiss
509:Buddha
487:Dharma
475:Lepcha
443:thorax
429:, the
421:" or "
378:, the
372:Yuksom
366:, the
364:Yuksom
346:Hindus
331:Sikkim
295:Yuksom
178:Sacred
128:Sikkim
1659:Lonak
1616:Lakes
1597:Relli
1470:7 May
1405:(PDF)
1382:5 May
1335:5 May
1301:6 May
1272:6 May
1230:6 May
1209:India
1183:6 May
1149:7 May
1143:(PDF)
1132:(PDF)
1048:S2CID
899:Nepal
845:Jetty
755:crane
685:grebe
667:sp.,
665:Garra
498:Shiva
483:Nesol
463:Shiva
459:Hindu
423:Taras
223:India
218:Basin
1669:Zemu
1472:2010
1459:ISBN
1417:2023
1384:2010
1337:2010
1324:ISBN
1303:2010
1274:2010
1261:ISBN
1232:2010
1219:ISBN
1185:2010
1172:ISBN
1151:2010
1110:2023
791:and
675:sp.
643:and
635:and
627:, 5
616:and
585:and
540:and
494:Tara
461:god
401:and
344:and
297:and
285:None
1215:585
1040:doi
745:),
737:),
727:),
719:),
691:),
522:bog
370:in
329:of
1686::
1425:^
1407:.
1392:^
1370:.
1345:^
1282:^
1243:^
1234:.
1217:.
1193:^
1134:.
1118:^
1102:63
1100:.
1096:.
1060:^
1046:.
1036:28
1034:.
1016:^
897:,
777:pH
695:–
663:,
659:,
647:.
620:.
612:,
608:,
589:.
581:,
544:.
536:,
374:,
359:.
333:.
1529:e
1522:t
1515:v
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1419:.
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1339:.
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1153:.
1112:.
1054:.
1042::
796:.
749:(
741:(
731:(
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