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Khepri

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bring good fortune, to express their devotion to the king or the gods, or to have the scarabs act as protective charms. These scarab idols, whether they were made of faience, an amalgamated material composed of common minerals like quartz and alkaline salts that was cheap to produce, or turquoise, a rare and highly sought after stone, were often colored blue, which signifies that the color might have been significant in its relation to the gods.
2055: 345:, were seen as aspects of Ra: Khepri represented the morning sun, Ra was the midday sun, and Atum represented the evening sun. As a deity, Khepri's four main functions were creator, protector, sun-god, and the god of resurrection. The central belief surrounding Khepri was the god's ability to renew life, in the same way he restored the sun's existence every morning. Mummified scarab beetles and scarab amulets have been found in 376: 4400: 1862: 2838: 2067: 2728: 47: 1921:
being that the Amduat focuses more on the journey Ra takes through the Underworld, whereas the Book of Gates focuses more on the journey a human soul takes to follow the solar god. Khepri's corpse is reached in both texts in the sixth hour of the night, and he leads the solar barque out of the Underworld in both stories as well.
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The color had a variety of meanings to the ancient Egyptians. Blue could have represented the sky or the heavens, the primordial flood, which also suggests that the color symbolized a cycle of life, death, and rebirth. Fertility was another characteristic potentially represented by the color blue, as
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The Amduat is the nightly journey Ra, and by proxy the sun, takes through the underworld, as he is exhausted and aged from his day's work of moving the solar barque across the sky. Through this voyage across the underworld, both the Ra and the sun are reborn, as the god takes the form of Khepri, who
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Each text is similar in that the lifeless corpse of Khepri is conjoined with the soul of Ra at some point during the god's journey through the underworld. In fact, the Book of Gates and the Amduat have been noted to be very similar, with the only significant difference between the two funerary texts
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river was often highlighted by the color. While it is impossible to assume that the blue scarabs depicted in Egyptian art were meant to represent both Khepri and the traits of the color, the correlation between the divine symbolism of the beetle and meaning of the color blue is unlikely to be a mere
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Scarab shaped accessories were common in ancient Egypt, as rings or amulets meant to be attached to necklaces were often fashioned in the shape of these insects. Such objects that depicted scarabs were often handed out to the Egyptian people during public festivials, with them wearing the amulets to
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Khepri is not explicitly mentioned again within the Amduat until the twelve hour, the last hour as the sun begins its ascent back into the sky. In this hour, Khepri is at the helm of the solar barque, leading the vessel out of the underworld and, with the help of Shu, the god of air and winds, back
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The Book of Caverns is unique among these funerary texts in that it is not divided into hours as the other two are, rather it is broken up into tableaus. Regardless of this difference, Khepri's corpse is still depicted within the Underworld, appearing in the third tableau instead of the sixth hour.
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There are two hours of the Amduat that Khepri is involved. Hour six sees the solar barque of Ra reach the primordial waters of Nun, in which rests the corpse of Khepri surrounded by an enormous multi-headed snake. It is unclear how Khepri died and how a serpent with five heads came to guard his
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Scarab beetles were one of the most common material objects made by the ancient Egyptians. These scarabs, from the Middle Kingdom, were likely used as jewelry, specifically amulets. The scarab beetle is symbolic of Khepri, the Egyptian sun deity who represents creation and
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into the sky, so that sun may once again bathe the world in its light. Khepri plays a vital role in this journey, as he is the one that guides the sun through the last leg of its voyage through the underworld and ushers in the dawn of a new day as the god of the morning sun.
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that pushes the sun, moving the morning sun across the early day sky. This mirrors the manner in which a scarab beetle pushes large balls of dung along the ground, highlighting the relationship made between Khepri and the insects.
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Khepri's most important role in ancient Egyptian religion is the integral part he plays in the life and death cycle of the sun. There are three major funerary texts in which Khepri makes an appearance; the Amduat, the
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On this relief panel, Khepri is depicted solely as a scarab beetle. Above his head the sun god holds the Duat, a symbol for the afterlife. The scarab stands on a sun disk with sun rays extending downwards.
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to believe that these insects were created from nothingness. They also believed that each day the sun was reborn or created from nothing, thus explaining the connection made between the Sun and the scarab.
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in Egyptian). Scarab beetles lay their eggs within dung balls, and as a result, young beetles emerge from the balls fully formed, having eaten their way out of the mounds. This caused
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allude to Khepri and the newborn sun. The beetle carvings became so common that excavators have found them throughout the Mediterranean.
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The Third Tableau of the Book of Caverns, in which Khepri's corpse is shown in the bottom middle to be surrounded by a massive serpent.
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Khepri was depicted as either a scarab holding aloft the sun disk or as a human male with a scarab for a head. The
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The 12th Hour of the Amduat is depicted here, with Khepri in his scarab form seen at the helm of the solar barque.
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who represents the rising or morning sun. By extension, he can also represent creation and the renewal of life.
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Studies in Aegean Art and Culture: A New York Aegean Bronze Age Colloquium in Memory of Ellen N. Davis
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Studies in Aegean Art and Culture: A New York Aegean Bronze Age Colloquium in Memory of Ellen N. Davis
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Liszka, Kate. “Scarab Amulets in the Egyptian Collection of the Princeton University Art Museum.”
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A depiction of Khepri with the upper body of a winged scarab and the lower body of a male human.
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as a potential means to make any allusions to the god clear. Khepri is also mentioned in the
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with three scarab beetles attached to a necklace. The jewelry was discovered in the tomb of
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holding aloft the morning sun, or a scarab-headed man. In one hand, the sun god holds a
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graves, suggesting that Khepri was respected early on in the history of Ancient Egypt.
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devoted to Khepri, as he was seen as a manifestation of the more promient solar deity
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Popielska-Grzybowska, Joanna. "The concept of ḫprr in Old Kingdom religious texts".
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The Sungod's Journey Through the Netherworld: Reading the Ancient Egyptian Amduat
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The Sungod's Journey Through the Netherworld: Reading the Ancient Egyptian Amduat
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The Sungod's Journey Through the Netherworld: Reading the Ancient Egyptian Amduat
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The Presence and Significance of Khepri in Egyptian Religion and Art
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The Presence and Significance of Khepri in Egyptian Religion and Art
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This article is about the Egyptian god. For the type of robot, see
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In hour twelve of the Amduat, a newly reborn Khepri helms the
267:. The scarabs, which represent Khepri, are each pushing a sun. 3649: 1247: 326: 2547:
International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality
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Schweizer, Andreas; Lorton, David; Hornung, Erik (2010).
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Schweizer, Andreas; Lorton, David; Hornung, Erik (2010).
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Schweizer, Andreas; Lorton, David; Hornung, Erik (2010).
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Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt: The One and the Many
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The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
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Darnell, John Coleman; Manassa, Colleen, eds. (2018).
2312:"The Sky-Goddess Nut and the Night Journey of the Sun" 2282:, www.jstor.org/stable/26388759. Accessed 1 Dec. 2020. 2198:. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, pp. 155-156. 2223:. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, pp. 19-20. 492: 78: 4347: 4304: 4209: 4019: 3978: 3947: 3889: 3021: 2963: 2910: 2901: 2845: 2775: 549: 496: 141: 130: 116: 106: 71: 39: 2672:. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, pp. 120. 2647:. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, pp.1-2. 2520:. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, pp. 84. 1942:leads the sun across the sky during the morning. 271:The god was connected to and often depicted as a 2248:The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt 201:and usually included the scarab hieroglyph as a 2276:Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 2753: 1884: 329:. The scarab god was however included in the 317:and thus connected to the rising sun and the 8: 2619:. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell Univ. Press, pp. 41. 2591:. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell Univ. Press, pp. 37. 2297:The Cult of Ra: Sun-Worship in Ancient Egypt 2242: 2240: 2617:The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife 2589:The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife 2518:The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife 2363:The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History 2907: 2760: 2746: 2738: 1974:that the Egyptians used as jewelry and as 1891: 1877: 493: 351: 232:meaning to "develop" or "create". Khepri ( 82: 45: 2558: 341:. Often, Khepri and another solar deity, 2299:. New York: Thames & Hudson, pp. 26. 2183:. online: Oxbow Books. pp. 230–234. 2097: 1980: 363: 2638: 2636: 2610: 2608: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2488:The Ancient Egyptian Netherworld Books 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2389:. London: Thames and Hudson, pp. 107. 2380: 2378: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2174: 2172: 2170: 36: 2615:Hornung, Erik; Lorton, David (1999). 2587:Hornung, Erik; Lorton, David (1999). 2516:Hornung, Erik; Lorton, David (1999). 2511: 2509: 2507: 2481: 2479: 2290: 2288: 7: 2194:Hornung, Erik; Baines, John (1996). 2145: 2143: 2316:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 2387:Symbol & Magic in Egyptian Art 2250:. Thames & Hudson. pp. 230–233 1936: 197:The name "Khepri" appeared in the 25: 4271:Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld 4266:The Contendings of Horus and Seth 2037:Relief of Khepri holding the sun. 51:Khepri is often represented as a 4398: 4314:Beautiful Festival of the Valley 2836: 2726: 2066: 2054: 2042: 2030: 2015: 2003: 1983: 1860: 374: 2415:. INSTAP Academic Press. 2016. 2357:Riccardelli, Authors: Carolyn. 2110:. INSTAP Academic Press. 2016. 1848:Church of the Most High Goddess 2711:The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2541:Dardir, Mohamed (2020-03-01). 2385:Wilkinson, Richard H. (1994). 2246:Wilkinson, Richard H. (2003). 1994:, the entrance to the tomb of 319:mythical creation of the world 1: 2181:Old Kingdom, New Perspectives 1904:Appearances in funerary texts 2310:Piankoff, Alexander (1934). 4256:Book of Traversing Eternity 2278:, vol. 74, 2015, pp. 4–19. 1937:Khepri's role in the Amduat 217:, the Egyptian underworld. 4502: 4281:Litany of the Eye of Horus 2834: 2560:10.21608/ijhth.2020.155890 1946:corpse. Nevertheless, the 145:All gods (some accounts), 29: 4393: 4324:Coronation of the pharaoh 4296:Spell of the Twelve Caves 3033: 2769:Ancient Egyptian religion 607: 187:ancient Egyptian religion 44: 4405:Ancient Egypt portal 4251:Book of the Heavenly Cow 2295:Quirke, Stephen (2001). 1867:Ancient Egypt portal 4446:Life-death-rebirth gods 4106:Horus on the Crocodiles 2458:van Ryneveld, Maria M. 2149:van Ryneveld, Maria M. 236:) can also be spelled " 4276:Great Hymn to the Aten 4056:Crown of justification 3780:Souls of Pe and Nekhen 3058:Amenhotep, son of Hapu 2893:Veneration of the dead 2696:. Routledge. pp. 84–85 1990:Painting of Khepri in 1962: 1933: 1380:Souls of Pe and Nekhen 630:Amenhotep, son of Hapu 268: 242:to come into existence 224:) is derived from the 2735:at Wikimedia Commons 2692:Hart, George (2005). 1960: 1931: 258: 4456:Mythological insects 2878:Opening of the mouth 2421:10.2307/j.ctt1kk66gk 2116:10.2307/j.ctt1kk66gk 181:) is a scarab-faced 165:also transliterated 62:and in the other an 32:Khepera mobile robot 27:Ancient Egyptian god 4481:Insects in religion 4471:Epithets of Amun-Ra 4011:The Indestructibles 3815:Hermes Trismegistus 1540:Symbols and objects 1527:The Indestructibles 1417:Hermes Trismegistus 4461:Beetles and humans 4224:Books of Breathing 3243:Four sons of Horus 1963: 1934: 1789:Books of Breathing 823:Four sons of Horus 269: 4413: 4412: 4375:Mysteries of Isis 4348:Related religions 4241:Book of the Earth 3885: 3884: 2731:Media related to 2679:978-0-8014-4875-1 2654:978-0-8014-4875-1 2626:978-0-8014-3515-7 2598:978-0-8014-3515-7 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3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3218:Cavern deities 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3030: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2969: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2916: 2914: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2788:Creation myths 2785: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2772: 2767: 2765: 2764: 2757: 2750: 2742: 2723: 2722:External links 2720: 2717: 2716: 2698: 2685: 2678: 2660: 2653: 2632: 2625: 2604: 2597: 2574: 2553:(3): 300–324. 2533: 2526: 2503: 2496: 2475: 2444: 2429: 2402: 2395: 2374: 2349: 2322:(1/2): 57–61. 2302: 2284: 2252: 2236: 2229: 2211: 2204: 2186: 2166: 2139: 2124: 2096: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2088: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2072: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2029: 2027: 2021: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2002: 2000: 1989: 1982: 1972:scarab amulets 1967: 1964: 1938: 1935: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1895: 1888: 1881: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1856: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1780:Funerary texts 1776: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1543: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1489: 1488: 1486: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1444: 1443: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1383: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1239: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1190: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1051: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1018:Khenti-Amentiu 1015: 1010: 999: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 937: 936: 931: 926: 925: 924: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 838: 837: 826: 825: 814: 813: 808: 797: 796: 794:Cavern deities 785: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 733: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 608: 605: 604: 602: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 555: 553: 547: 546: 544: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 502: 500: 491: 481: 480: 477: 476: 473: 472: 467: 462: 453: 447: 444: 443: 440: 439: 436: 435: 430: 425: 420: 419: 418: 408: 403: 398: 393: 387: 384: 383: 380: 379: 371: 370: 361: 360: 310: 307: 252: 249: 194: 191: 150: 149: 143: 139: 138: 132: 128: 127: 118: 114: 113: 108: 104: 103: 100: 99: 96: 95: 92: 89: 76: 69: 68: 50: 42: 41: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4498: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4431:Egyptian gods 4429: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4406: 4396: 4395: 4392: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4380:Temple of Set 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4346: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4334:Opet Festival 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4303: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4291:Pyramid Texts 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4246:Book of Gates 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4191:Vulture crown 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4076:Egyptian pool 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3946: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3914:Hieracosphinx 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3816: 3813: 3812: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3680:Renpetneferet 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2839: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2763: 2758: 2756: 2751: 2749: 2744: 2743: 2740: 2736: 2734: 2729: 2721: 2712: 2708: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2681: 2675: 2671: 2664: 2661: 2656: 2650: 2646: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2622: 2618: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2594: 2590: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2534: 2529: 2523: 2519: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2493: 2489: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2413: 2406: 2403: 2398: 2392: 2388: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2364: 2360: 2353: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2306: 2303: 2298: 2291: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2226: 2222: 2215: 2212: 2207: 2201: 2197: 2190: 2187: 2182: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2108: 2101: 2098: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2069: 2064: 2057: 2052: 2045: 2040: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2018: 2013: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1986: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1965: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1949: 1943: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1916: 1915:Book of Gates 1912: 1903: 1894: 1889: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1875: 1874: 1872: 1871: 1868: 1858: 1857: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1807: 1806: 1805:Book of Gates 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1642:Hieracosphinx 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1607:Egyptian pool 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1572:Book of Thoth 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1536: 1535: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1296: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1278:Renpetneferet 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1244: 1243: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1004: 1003: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 943: 942: 941: 935: 932: 930: 927: 923: 920: 919: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 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354: 353: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 313:Khepri was a 308: 306: 305:coincidence. 303: 297: 293: 290: 285: 282: 278: 274: 273:scarab beetle 266: 262: 257: 250: 248: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 218: 216: 212: 208: 204: 203:determinative 200: 199:Pyramid texts 192: 190: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 148: 144: 140: 136: 133: 129: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: 109: 105: 93: 90: 85: 84: 81: 80: 77: 75: 70: 65: 61: 59: 54: 48: 43: 38: 33: 19: 4451:Stellar gods 4441:Creator gods 4339:Sed festival 4329:Min festival 4319:Cattle count 4286:Litany of Re 4261:Coffin Texts 4233: 4176:Solar barque 4116:Imiut fetish 4111:Hypocephalus 4096:Hemhem crown 4081:Eye of Horus 4006:Land of Manu 3960:Djadjaemankh 3841: 3831: 3784: 3694: 3644: 3624: 3599: 3555:Nebethetepet 3549: 3464: 3439: 3435:Khenti-kheti 3414: 3354: 3257: 3253:Gate deities 3247: 3237: 3222: 3212: 3162: 3037: 3027:Theban Triad 2853:Canopic jars 2725: 2710: 2701: 2693: 2688: 2669: 2663: 2644: 2616: 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Retrieved 2362: 2352: 2319: 2315: 2305: 2296: 2279: 2275: 2247: 2220: 2214: 2195: 2189: 2180: 2154: 2150: 2134:j.ctt1kk66gk 2106: 2100: 1969: 1952: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1923: 1919: 1907: 1783: 1652:Imiut fetish 1647:Hypocephalus 1632:Hemhem crown 1612:Eye of Horus 1522:Land of Manu 1446: 1445: 1434: 1433: 1385: 1384: 1293: 1292: 1241: 1240: 1219: 1218: 1192: 1191: 1147:Nebethetepet 1140: 1139: 1053: 1052: 1027: 1023:Khenti-kheti 1001: 1000: 939: 938: 840: 839: 835:Gate deities 828: 827: 816: 815: 799: 798: 787: 786: 735: 734: 609: 347:pre-dynastic 312: 298: 294: 289:solar barque 286: 276: 270: 246:to be born". 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 221: 219: 196: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 154: 153: 57: 4426:Animal gods 4365:Hermeticism 4196:Was-sceptre 4023:and objects 3500:Mehet-Weret 3343:Harpocrates 3173:Banebdjedet 3138:Arensnuphis 2818:Osiris myth 2086:Solar Myths 1830:Hermeticism 1757:Was-sceptre 1712:Seqtet boat 1090:Mehet-Weret 922:Harpocrates 747:Banebdjedet 710:Arensnuphis 331:creationist 315:solar deity 265:Tutankhamun 74:hieroglyphs 4436:Solar gods 4420:Categories 4360:Gnosticism 4201:Winged sun 4046:Corn mummy 3948:Characters 3872:Werethekau 3710:Sebiumeker 3520:Meretseger 3385:Ikhemu-sek 3323:Hermanubis 2823:Philosophy 2813:Numerology 2368:2024-03-02 2092:References 1913:, and the 1840:Kemeticism 1762:Winged sun 1727:Set animal 1667:Matet boat 1582:Corn mummy 1478:Werethekau 1310:Sebiumeker 1110:Meretseger 971:Ikhemu-sek 907:Hermanubis 811:Duau (god) 428:Philosophy 423:Numerology 337:and later 335:Heliopolis 333:theory of 125:blue lotus 111:Heliopolis 4306:Festivals 4171:Shen ring 4151:Ouroboros 4086:Eye of Ra 4041:Cartouche 3979:Locations 3924:Serpopard 3891:Creatures 3822:Tjenenyet 3805:Ta-Bitjet 3750:Shesmetet 3670:Renenutet 3655:Raet-Tawy 3575:Nehmetawy 3525:Meskhenet 3293:Hedjhotep 3148:Assessors 2846:Practices 2808:Mythology 2803:Maa Kheru 2783:Afterlife 2569:2636-414X 2470:304016142 2336:0307-5133 2161:304016142 1996:Nefertari 1732:Shen ring 1722:Serpopard 1697:Ouroboros 1617:Eye of Ra 1577:Cartouche 1501:Locations 1424:Tjenenyet 1407:Ta-Bitjet 1350:Shesmetet 1268:Renenutet 1253:Raet-Tawy 1167:Nehmetawy 1115:Meskhenet 877:Hedjhotep 720:Assessors 456:Offerings 445:Practices 411:Mythology 396:Cosmology 391:Afterlife 251:Symbolism 193:Etymology 142:Offspring 4370:Kemetism 4211:Writings 4121:Khepresh 3965:Rededjet 3867:Wepwawet 3852:Wadj-wer 3570:Nehebkau 3565:Nefertem 3485:Mandulis 3420:Kebechet 3410:Iusaaset 3328:Heryshaf 3278:Hatmehit 3113:Apedemak 2988:Nephthys 2883:Pyramids 2863:Funerals 2466:ProQuest 2157:ProQuest 2080:See also 2074:rebirth. 1657:Khepresh 1473:Wepwawet 1458:Wadj-wer 1162:Nehebkau 1157:Nefertem 1070:Mandulis 1008:Kebechet 996:Iusaaset 929:Heryshaf 867:Hatmehit 685:Apedemak 574:Nephthys 470:Pyramids 451:Funerals 368:religion 357:a series 355:Part of 309:Religion 261:pectoral 220:Khepri ( 207:ideogram 159:Egyptian 72:Name in 4486:Beetles 4385:Thelema 4355:Atenism 4186:Ushabti 4156:Pschent 4146:Neshmet 4061:Deshret 4021:Symbols 3970:Ubaoner 3909:Griffin 3795:Taweret 3790:Tatenen 3725:Serapis 3720:Sekhmet 3690:Resheph 3635:Qed-her 3585:Nekhbet 3560:Nebtuwi 3425:Khensit 3395:Imhotep 3390:Imentet 3288:Hedetet 3153:Astarte 3088:Andjety 3063:Amesemi 2903:Deities 2888:Temples 2776:Beliefs 2344:3855003 1966:Gallery 1835:Thelema 1825:Atenism 1752:Ushabti 1702:Pschent 1692:Neshmet 1622:Griffin 1592:Deshret 1397:Taweret 1392:Tatenen 1325:Serapis 1315:Sekhmet 1288:Resheph 1231:Qed-her 1182:Nekhbet 1152:Nebtuwi 1013:Khensit 981:Imhotep 976:Imentet 872:Hedetet 725:Astarte 660:Andjety 635:Amesemi 483:Deities 465:Temples 385:Beliefs 167:Khepera 131:Parents 60:scepter 18:Khepera 4219:Amduat 4166:Serekh 4161:Scarab 4091:Hedjet 3996:Benben 3939:Uraeus 3934:Sphinx 3919:Medjed 3877:Wosret 3862:Wepset 3847:Wadjet 3770:Sopdet 3755:Shezmu 3735:Seshat 3730:Serket 3675:Renpet 3660:Rekhyt 3640:Qetesh 3605:Pakhet 3535:Mnevis 3510:Menhit 3490:Medjed 3480:Mafdet 3470:Maahes 3455:Khonsu 3445:Kherty 3440:Khepri 3308:Hemsut 3283:Hauron 3273:Hathor 3208:Buchis 3193:Ba-Pef 3178:Bastet 3108:Anuket 3103:Anubis 3078:Amu-Aa 3073:Am-heh 3022:Triads 3013:Tefnut 2998:Osiris 2965:Ennead 2950:Naunet 2940:Kauket 2930:Hauhet 2925:Amunet 2912:Ogdoad 2733:Khepri 2676:  2651:  2623:  2595:  2567:  2524:  2494:  2468:  2437:  2427:  2393:  2342:  2334:  2227:  2202:  2159:  2132:  2122:  1785:Amduat 1747:Uraeus 1737:Sphinx 1717:Serekh 1707:Scarab 1672:Medjed 1627:Hedjet 1512:Benben 1483:Wosret 1468:Wepset 1453:Wadjet 1370:Sopdet 1355:Shezmu 1335:Seshat 1330:Serket 1273:Renpet 1258:Rekhyt 1236:Qetesh 1199:Pakhet 1125:Mnevis 1100:Menhit 1080:Mafdet 1075:Medjed 1060:Maahes 1043:Khonsu 1033:Kherty 1028:Khepri 892:Hemsut 862:Hathor 857:Hauron 782:Buchis 767:Ba-Pef 752:Bastet 680:Anuket 675:Anubis 650:Amu-Aa 645:Am-heh 599:Tefnut 584:Osiris 551:Ennead 536:Naunet 526:Kauket 516:Hauhet 511:Amunet 498:Ogdoad 339:Thebes 244:" or " 238:Kheper 211:Amduat 179:Chepri 175:Khepra 171:Kheper 155:Khepri 121:scarab 117:Symbol 53:scarab 40:Khepri 4141:Nemes 4131:Menat 4126:Kneph 4101:Hennu 3991:Akhet 3857:Weneg 3810:Thoth 3775:Sopdu 3765:Sobek 3715:Seker 3705:Satis 3685:Repyt 3630:Qebui 3615:Petbe 3610:Perit 3595:Neper 3590:Nemty 3580:Neith 3540:Montu 3515:Meret 3505:Mehit 3495:Mehen 3475:Ma'at 3450:Khnum 3405:Iunit 3360:Iabet 3338:Horus 3333:Hesat 3318:Heqet 3313:Henet 3303:Hemen 3228:Dedun 3198:Bennu 3098:Anput 3093:Anhur 3068:Ammit 3053:Akhty 2793:Isfet 2435:JSTOR 2340:JSTOR 2280:JSTOR 2130:JSTOR 1976:seals 1774:Texts 1687:Nemes 1677:Menat 1662:Kneph 1637:Hennu 1463:Weneg 1412:Thoth 1375:Sopdu 1365:Sobek 1320:Seker 1305:Satis 1283:Repyt 1226:Qebui 1209:Petbe 1204:Perit 1187:Neper 1177:Nemty 1172:Neith 1130:Montu 1105:Meret 1095:Mehit 1085:Mehen 1065:Ma'at 1038:Khnum 991:Iunit 946:Iabet 917:Horus 912:Hesat 902:Heqet 897:Henet 887:Hemen 806:Dedun 772:Bennu 670:Anput 665:Anhur 640:Ammit 625:Akhty 416:Index 406:Ma'at 228:verb 163:ḫprj, 147:Ma’at 4181:Tyet 4136:Nebu 4066:Djed 4036:Atef 4031:Ankh 4001:Duat 3986:Aaru 3955:Dedi 3904:Abtu 3899:Aani 3837:Unut 3827:Tutu 3800:Tayt 3745:Shed 3740:Shai 3620:Ptah 3375:Igai 3298:Heka 3268:Hapi 3188:Bata 3168:Babi 3158:Aten 3133:Aqen 3123:Apis 3118:Apep 3083:Anat 3048:Aker 3043:Aati 2983:Isis 2973:Atum 2920:Amun 2828:Soul 2798:Maat 2674:ISBN 2649:ISBN 2621:ISBN 2593:ISBN 2565:ISSN 2522:ISBN 2492:ISBN 2425:ISBN 2391:ISBN 2332:ISSN 2225:ISBN 2200:ISBN 2120:ISBN 1992:QV66 1742:Tyet 1682:Nebu 1597:Djed 1567:Atet 1562:Atef 1557:Ankh 1552:Abtu 1547:Aani 1517:Duat 1507:Aaru 1441:Unut 1429:Tutu 1402:Tayt 1345:Shed 1340:Shai 1214:Ptah 961:Igai 882:Heka 852:Hapi 762:Bata 742:Babi 730:Aten 705:Aqen 695:Apis 690:Apep 655:Anat 620:Aker 615:Aati 569:Isis 559:Atum 506:Amun 487:list 433:Soul 401:Duat 343:Atum 323:cult 302:Nile 300:the 277:ḫprr 234:ḫprj 230:ḫpr, 222:ḫprj 215:Duat 64:ankh 3929:Sha 3760:Sia 3700:Sah 3665:Rem 3545:Mut 3530:Min 3400:Ipy 3380:Ihy 3370:Iat 3365:Iah 3203:Bes 3183:Bat 3143:Ash 3128:Apt 3008:Shu 3003:Set 2993:Nut 2978:Geb 2945:Kek 2935:Heh 2555:doi 2417:doi 2324:doi 2112:doi 2023:Nun 1360:Sia 1300:Sah 1263:Rem 1135:Mut 1120:Min 986:Ipy 966:Ihy 956:Iat 951:Iah 777:Bes 757:Bat 715:Ash 700:Apt 594:Shu 589:Set 579:Nut 564:Geb 531:Kek 521:Heh 205:or 185:in 183:god 135:Nut 58:was 4466:Ra 4422:: 3650:Ra 3350:Hu 3263:Ha 2955:Nu 2709:. 2635:^ 2607:^ 2577:^ 2563:. 2551:14 2549:. 2545:. 2506:^ 2478:^ 2464:. 2447:^ 2433:. 2423:. 2377:^ 2361:. 2338:. 2330:. 2320:20 2318:. 2314:. 2287:^ 2255:^ 2239:^ 2169:^ 2155:. 2142:^ 2128:. 2118:. 1948:ba 1917:. 1846:• 1803:• 1799:• 1795:• 1791:• 1787:• 1248:Ra 934:Hu 847:Ha 541:Nu 458:: 359:on 327:Ra 259:A 177:, 173:, 169:, 161:: 123:, 3842:W 3832:U 3785:T 3695:S 3645:R 3625:Q 3600:P 3550:N 3465:M 3415:K 3355:I 3258:H 3248:G 3238:F 3223:D 3213:C 3163:B 3038:A 2761:e 2754:t 2747:v 2713:. 2682:. 2657:. 2629:. 2601:. 2571:. 2557:: 2530:. 2500:. 2472:. 2441:. 2419:: 2399:. 2371:. 2346:. 2326:: 2233:. 2208:. 2163:. 2136:. 2114:: 1998:. 1892:e 1885:t 1878:v 1850:) 1842:( 1808:) 1782:( 1447:W 1435:U 1386:T 1294:S 1242:R 1220:Q 1193:P 1141:N 1054:M 1002:K 940:I 841:H 829:G 817:F 800:D 788:C 736:B 610:A 489:) 485:( 275:( 157:( 66:. 34:. 20:)

Index

Khepera
Khepera mobile robot

scarab
was scepter
ankh
hieroglyphs
Heliopolis
scarab
blue lotus
Nut
Ma’at
Egyptian
god
ancient Egyptian religion
Pyramid texts
determinative
ideogram
Amduat
Duat
Egyptian language

pectoral
Tutankhamun
scarab beetle
ancient Egyptians
solar barque
Nile
solar deity
mythical creation of the world

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