180:
355:
The only published studies of
Korandje based on first-hand data are Cancel (1908), a 45-page article by a French lieutenant covering basic grammar and vocabulary and a couple of sample texts; Champault (1969), an anthropological study containing some incidental linguistically relevant materials such
356:
as sentences and rhymes; Tilmatine (1991, 1996), an article (published in German, then reworked in French) revisiting Cancel and
Champault and adding about a page of new data recorded by the author; and Souag (2010a, 2010b), the former arguing the case for
368:
No complete phonological study of
Korandje, systematically justified by minimal pairs, has yet been made. According to Souag (2010), the vowel system consists of lax ə, ŭ , ə̣̣ and tense a , i, u, ạ , ụ , while the consonant system is as follows:
1518:
While the morphemes involved are clearly of Berber origin, the details of this system differ from any one attested Berber language, and this plural is extended to at least one item of
Songhay origin,
1825:
2066:
340:
by about 3,000 people; its name literally means "village's language". While retaining a basically
Songhay structure, it is extremely heavily influenced by
917:
An earlier proposal by Nicolaï (1981), based on a very limited corpus of recordings provided by
Champault, suggested a smaller phoneme inventory:
837:
1722:
377-397, 1991; "Un parler berbèro-songhay du sud-ouest algérien (Tabelbala): Elements d’histoire et de linguistique", Mohamed
Tilmatine,
844:
1818:
1791:
352:
of basic vocabulary consists of loanwords from Arabic or Berber, and the proportion of the lexicon as a whole is considerably higher.
1800:– a linguistic blog by Lameen Souag, a specialist on Korandje (note that the blog calls it Kwarandjie, Kwarandzie, or Kwarandzyey)
733:
2059:
708:
1735:"The Western Berber Stratum in Kwarandzyey (Tabelbala, Algeria)", in ed. D. Ibriszimow, M. Kossmann, H. Stroomer, R. Vossen,
757:
2175:
1811:
795:
1939:
720:
639:
166:
2007:
819:
764:
1423:
This marker comes at the end of the "core noun phrase", the unit consisting of noun+numeral+adjective+demonstrative:
2180:
2116:
2083:
2052:
2002:
856:
523:
329:
110:
782:
745:
673:
914:
Items in brackets are not normally used by older speakers. A bilabial click is attested in one baby-talk word.
549:
1204:
591:
579:
537:
2129:
2023:
1848:
892:
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813:
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751:
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714:
611:
597:
585:
555:
543:
529:
476:
318:
255:
99:
1891:
2139:
886:
482:
470:
205:
360:
loans in the lexicon, the latter studying the effect of contact with Berber and Arabic on its grammar.
1834:
1644:
605:
402:
2149:
246:
62:
2075:
1974:
1959:
1954:
1664:
1597:) and children's counting systems. The syntax of numerals in the noun phrases is complicated.
572:
432:
407:
387:
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333:
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185:
105:
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223:
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1777:
Grammatical
Contact in the Sahara: Arabic, Berber, and Songhay in Tabelbala and Siwa
1753:
Grammatical
Contact in the Sahara: Arabic, Berber, and Songhay in Tabelbala and Siwa
1741:
Grammatical
Contact in the Sahara: Arabic, Berber, and Songhay in Tabelbala and Siwa
1682:
Grammatical Contact in the Sahara: Arabic, Berber, and Songhay in Tabelbala and Siwa
1718:"Tabelbala: Eine Songhaysprachinsel in der Algerischen Sahara", Mohamed Tilmatine,
563:
349:
986:
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179:
171:
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Les dialectes du songhay. Contribution à l'étude des changements linguistiques
1617:
1612:
1471:
Some Berber loans retain versions of their original plurals, usually with the
1032:
214:
1668:
1737:Études berbères V – Essais sur des variations dialectales et autres articles
1633:
This map is based on classification from Glottolog and data from Ethnologue.
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17:
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According to Tilmatine, verbs are negated by surrounding them with
1645:"The subclassification of Songhay and its historical implications"
1594:
1095:
2048:
1807:
1455:
1451:
1191:
The infinitive and singular imperative are both the stem (e.g.
1797:
1526:. Some Arabic loans similarly retain Arabic plurals.
1086:, found mainly in loanwords, and a six-vowel system:
1159:, their. Subject agreement prefixes on the verb are
323:
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32:
1693:«Etude sur le dialecte de Tabelbala», Lt. Cancel,
1195:"sleep"); the plural imperative takes a prefix
1707:Une oasis du Sahara nord-occidental, Tabelbala
1581:The only non-Arabic numbers in normal use are
1533:, with the possessor preceding the possessed:
2060:
1819:
8:
1649:Journal of African Languages and Linguistics
1529:The possessive is expressed by the particle
336:. It is spoken around the Algerian oasis of
2067:
2053:
2045:
1869:
1826:
1812:
1804:
919:
371:
332:which is by far the most northerly of the
178:
29:
1709:, Dominique Champault, Paris: CNRS, 1969.
1376:The most productive plural marker is the
1720:Afrikanische Arbeitspapiere Sondernummer
1605:
1779:, Lameen Souag, PhD thesis, SOAS, 2010
1755:, Lameen Souag, PhD thesis, SOAS, 2010
1743:, Lameen Souag, PhD thesis, SOAS, 2010
1684:, Lameen Souag, PhD thesis, SOAS, 2010
1203:"sleep! (pl.)"). Cancel describes the
1593:"three". There also exist "cryptic" (
374:
7:
1767:, Robert Nicolaï, Paris: CNRS (1981)
1368:"did you sleep yesterday, or not?".
313:
1794:(in PDF format; go to p. 163)
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1739:. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 2010;
1:
1135:, they. Possessive forms are
1940:South Oran and Figuig Berber
1724:Etudes et documents berbères
1643:Souag, Lameen (2012-01-11).
348:; about 20% of the 100-word
1467:"these three big mountains"
324:
27:Songhay language of Algeria
2197:
1697:1908, Nº 270-271, 302-347.
1464:mountain three big=DEM=PL
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330:Northern Songhay language
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37:
1366:n'd'xani bînu, willa ho?
1792:Information on Korandje
1623:(subscription required)
1356:"do not eat!". "No" is
2024:Algerian Sign Language
1661:10.1515/jall-2012-0008
1207:as follows (also for
2176:Languages of Algeria
1835:Languages of Algeria
1414:tsəksi > tsəks=yu
247:Tondi Songway Kiini
1509:awṛəẓ > iwṛạẓən
1461:ạḍṛạ inẓa bya=γ=yu
1111:The pronouns are:
191:Northwest Songhay:
2181:Songhay languages
2163:
2162:
2076:Songhay languages
2042:
2041:
1996:Foreign languages
1991:
1990:
1842:Official language
1726:14:163-198, 1996.
1621:(18th ed., 2015)
1512:"heel" {} "heels"
1417:"goat" {} "goats"
1350:ni `as ba enγa hé
1342:
1341:
1279:he/she/it sleeps
1072:
1071:
912:
911:
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334:Songhay languages
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283:Songhoyboro Ciine
186:Songhay languages
84:3,000 (2010)
16:(Redirected from
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1569:woman POSS knife
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1315:you (pl.) sleep
1307:you (pl.) slept
1271:he/she/it slept
1214:
1213:
1179:, you (plural);
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2017:Other languages
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1572:"woman's knife"
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1247:a (ba) am xani
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1155:, your (pl.);
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2130:Humburi Senni
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1346:`as ... hé/hi
1338:
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1319:nd'ba âm xani
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985:
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839:
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827:
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326:
320:
311:
307:
306:kwạṛa n dzyəy
303:
293:
284:
275:
266:
257:
256:Humburi Senni
248:
240:
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225:
216:
207:
193:
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176:
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64:
60:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
2140:Koyra Chiini
2101:
1982:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1706:
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1694:
1689:
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1677:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1629:
1616:
1608:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1571:
1568:
1566:wi n tsə̣ffạ
1565:
1561:
1558:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1485:
1476:(ts)i-...-ən
1475:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1380:
1375:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:n`esbanγa hé
1353:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1336:
1328:
1318:
1310:
1300:
1292:
1282:
1274:
1265:n ba am xani
1264:
1256:
1246:
1238:
1208:
1205:conjugations
1200:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1073:
987:Approximants
916:
913:
367:
354:
350:Swadesh list
305:
301:
300:
237:
236:
206:Koyra Chiini
190:
189:
184:Location of
150:
115:
100:Nilo-Saharan
38:
2150:Tondi Kiini
1589:"two", and
1337:iba am xani
1333:they sleep
1325:they slept
1311:nd'(a) xani
1082:as well as
1080:ṭ ḍ ṣ ẓ ṇ ḥ
1078:consonants
830:Approximant
304:(Korandje:
172:Kwarandzyey
39:Kwarandzyey
2170:Categories
2092:Tadaksahak
1930:Tagargrent
1618:Ethnologue
1601:References
1301:ia âm xani
1261:you sleep
1253:you slept
1074:alongside
1009:Fricatives
969:Affricates
937:Labiovelar
403:Pharyngeal
215:Tadaksahak
1925:Tachelhit
1892:Hassānīya
1669:1613-3811
1473:circumfix
1297:we sleep
1289:we slept
1283:a âm xani
1257:n(e) xani
1221:Preterite
703:voiceless
698:Fricative
630:voiceless
625:Affricate
513:voiceless
364:Phonology
338:Tabelbala
319:romanized
314:البلبالية
152:Glottolog
136:ISO 639-3
69:Ethnicity
59:Tabelbala
2117:Southern
2102:Korandje
2084:Northern
1983:Korandje
1960:Mozabite
1955:Tidikelt
1950:Taznatit
1935:Temacine
1882:Algerian
1849:Standard
1613:Korandje
1524:tsiṛạwən
1447:bya=γ=yu
1434:mountain
1407:tsəks=yu
1243:I sleep
1235:I slept
1225:English
1217:English
1201:wə-kkani
1183:, they.
1143:, your;
1107:Pronouns
946:Plosives
940:Glottal
302:Korandje
159:kora1291
116:Korandje
111:Northern
33:Korandje
18:Korandje
2107:Tasawaq
2008:English
1975:Songhay
1965:Tamahaq
1945:Tarifit
1920:Chaouïa
1910:Chenoua
1585:"one",
1577:Numbers
1559:tsə̣ffạ
1520:tsạṛə̣w
1505:"heels"
1502:iwṛạẓən
1410:"goats"
1348:, e.g.
1293:ia xani
1167:, you;
1151:, our;
1119:, you;
1102:Grammar
931:Palatal
928:Coronal
507:Plosive
408:Glottal
388:Palatal
383:Coronal
328:) is a
321::
224:Tasawaq
106:Songhay
73:Belbali
49:Algeria
2097:Tagdal
2029:Domari
2003:French
1915:Kabyle
1902:Berber
1874:Arabic
1857:Berber
1852:Arabic
1667:
1497:
1489:"heel"
1402:
1394:"goat"
1391:tsəksi
1378:clitic
1329:ia xan
1275:a xani
1239:a xani
1229:Aorist
1175:, we;
1139:, my;
1127:, we;
1090:, and
1033:Nasals
975:ts dz
961:kʷ ɡʷ
925:Labial
773:voiced
664:voiced
573:voiced
398:Uvular
378:Labial
346:Arabic
342:Berber
310:Arabic
290:
288:
281:
279:
272:
270:
263:
261:
254:
252:
245:
243:
233:Tagdal
231:
229:
222:
220:
213:
211:
204:
202:
196:
55:Region
2155:Zarma
2135:Kaado
2125:Dendi
1655:(2).
1595:argot
1583:a-ffu
1562:knife
1544:woman
1486:awṛəẓ
1442:three
1372:Nouns
1352:>
1187:Verbs
1153:ndzən
1129:ndzyu
1115:, I;
1096:schwa
1054:Trill
934:Velar
877:Trill
465:Nasal
451:plain
439:plain
427:plain
415:plain
393:Velar
292:Dendi
1665:ISSN
1591:inẓa
1587:inka
1553:POSS
1537:e.g.
1494:>
1482:e.g.
1450:big=
1439:inẓa
1431:ạḍṛạ
1427:e.g.
1399:>
1387:e.g.
1358:hoho
1209:xani
1193:kani
1177:ndz-
1125:yayu
1113:aγəy
1019:ʃ ʒ
1016:s z
958:k ɡ
953:t d
457:lab.
445:lab.
433:pha.
421:lab.
344:and
1657:doi
1615:at
1452:DEM
1381:=yu
1360:or
1211:):
1197:wə-
1173:ya-
1163:I;
1161:ʕa-
1149:yan
1141:nən
1137:ʕan
1133:ini
1121:ana
1098:).
1084:x q
674:d͡z
640:t͡s
167:ELP
143:kcy
2172::
1663:.
1653:33
1651:.
1647:.
1541:wi
1478:,
1456:PL
1383::
1364::
1362:ho
1181:i-
1169:a-
1165:n-
1157:in
1145:an
1117:ni
1060:r
1040:n
1037:m
1027:h
1022:ɣ
1013:f
1001:w
996:j
993:l
950:b
893:rˤ
851:lˤ
814:ɣʷ
799:)
789:zˤ
752:xʷ
737:)
727:sˤ
715:fʷ
612:gʷ
598:dˤ
586:bʷ
556:qʷ
544:kʷ
530:tˤ
477:mʷ
316:,
312::
308:;
102:?
61:,
2068:e
2061:t
2054:v
1827:e
1820:t
1813:v
1671:.
1659::
1549:n
1531:n
1454:=
1199:(
1094:(
1092:ə
887:r
857:j
845:l
838:w
820:ʕ
808:ɣ
796:ʒ
793:(
783:z
765:h
758:ħ
746:x
734:ʃ
731:(
721:s
709:f
606:g
592:d
580:b
564:ʔ
550:q
538:k
524:t
483:n
471:m
20:)
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