1085:
1656:
1115:
1061:
2226:
1596:
1049:
1974:
1672:
2254:
2214:
1097:
265:), while the remaining 10 percent were either private or belonged to an association. Throughout the 19th century, the services that Sparkassen could provide had been strictly restricted, but these restrictions were loosened as joint-stock banks, starting with Deutsche Bank, started competing for the collection of retail savings. In 1909, new legislation allowed the Sparkassen to offer checking and related payment accounts. This change fostered the creation of regional public entities that cleared payments between different Sparkassen, known as
1620:
1938:
2182:(12%) and the Lower Saxon Sparkassenverband (44%). Landesbausparkasse Hessen-Thüringen is majority-owned (68.85%) by the regional Sparkassenverband but also has stakes from the two Länder of Hesse and Thuringia as well as from the two Sparkassenverbände of North Rhine-Westphalia and two legal entities of the Finanzgruppe, FIDES Alpha and FIDES Beta. Landesbausparkasse Saar is owned by the Land (74.9%) and the Sparkassenverband (25.1%) of Saarland. For the others, the relevant regional association(s) are the sole
2010:
1998:
1644:
1632:
1261:
1986:
47:
1073:
2238:
703:
1962:
1950:
1608:
2531:
national sub-funds ("system-wide equalization"). The exact formula for such equalization, however, has not been made clear in the public domain, and the protection is in no way automatic but instead relies on voting within the
Sparkassenverbände and other managers of the relevant sub-funds. The corresponding uncertainty has generated concerns from the supervisors at the
151:
298:, the Imperial German government leveraged the network of Sparkassen to place war bonds, marking the beginning of their activity in the securities space. In 1921, further legislative changes enabled them to underwrite and sell securities more broadly, thus allowing them to act practically as universal banks. The Sparkassen, however, were severely impacted by
2313:
2571:
to upgrade its ratings of IPS members and specifically of the
Landesbanks, noting: "The revised statutes result in a more rule-based IPS that implements an early intervention system with clearly identified triggers and timely escalation of decision-making steps as well as increased ex-ante funds over
2288:
Until 8 June 2011, DekaBank was owned by the DSGV and
Landesbanks which grouped the shares in the GLB GmbH & Co.OHG, which held the DekaBank shares. On 7 April 2011, the Savings Banks bought the 50% stake from the landesbanken for €2.3 billion to become sole owner of the DekaBank. The acquisition
2539:
and partial reform of the IPS adopted by the DSGV in August 2021. A new national protection fund is to be set up with 2.6 billion euro to be paid in by the
Sparkassen and Landesbanken between 2025 and 2032, which is expected to allow for faster intervention in future cases of need, complementing the
2530:
Each of the regional sub-funds absorbs losses as needed to preventively support a member entity in need, unless it is itself depleted in which case it is in turn supported by the other regional sub-funds on a proportional basis ("supra-regional equalization") and, if further needed, also by the two
2547:
in 2019, in which the IPS contributed 1.2 billion euro in fresh equity in addition to contributions by the relevant Länder. This case also highlighted the protracted nature of the
Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe's IPS decision-making process, with a delay of nearly five months from the IPS's intervention
423:
implies a form of control that is not legally considered ownership, but it is functionally similar to ownership. This is because
Sparkasse is an independent public entity, but the Träger holds governance rights that resemble ownership. As a result, most Sparkassen are overseen by locally elected
2605:
since it was still affiliated with the
Institution Protection Scheme. Neither the foreign branches of Landesbanken nor any of their subsidiaries, whether domestic or foreign, are included, and neither are the foreign branches of Landesbausparkassen. On that basis, the group had total aggregated
256:
Between 1850 and 1903, the idea of the municipal savings banks spread further, and the number of savings banks in
Germany increased from 630 to 2834. In 1913, of the 1765 Sparkassen that operated in Prussia alone, about 90 percent belonged to either a city or a county
1234:
and provide the whole spectrum of banking services for private and commercial medium-sized customers. 50 million customers maintain business activities with savings banks. Although independent and regionally spread, the savings banks act as one unit under the brand
243:, founded in 1801, which was the first established with a municipal guarantor whereas earlier foundations had been initiated by merchants, clerics or academics (Hamburg later created its own municipal savings banks in 1827). In 1838, the
2592:
The
Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe publishes unaudited, unconsolidated, aggregated financial statements of the German activities of its group entities, in line with the disclosure requirement for IPSs enshrined in Article 113(7)(e) of the EU
1207:
Fulfilling public interests is still one of the most significant characteristics of public banks in general and the savings banks in particular. Although public interest is very unspecific, objects of those companies are usually:
723:
and founded in 1924. It operates as an umbrella organization to facilitate decision-making processes, coordinate strategy, and represent its members' political and regulatory interests at the national and international levels.
1084:
484:) stipulates that entities of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe such as Sparkassen or public insurers have a local monopoly within the group within the geographical area in which they are established, namely the territory of their
2170:). Some, like LBS Ost and Bausparkasse Schleswig-Holstein-Hamburg, are joint-stock companies, while others are public-sector entities. Bausparkasse Schleswig-Holstein-Hamburg is owned by the Sparkassenverband (57.5%) and
1130:
in a decentralized structure. Each savings bank is independent, locally managed and concentrates its business activities on customers in the territory in which it is situated under the
Regional Principle. In general,
439:
also provided explicit financial guarantees to the institutions they controlled, but these guarantees were mostly phased out under an agreement concluded on 17 July 2001 between a group of German negotiators and the
253:), which unified the legal status of the 234 savings banks then existing under its jurisdiction and put them under the regime of the respective local governments; it served as a model for other German polities.
2673:
The S-shaped logo of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe is one of Germany's most recognizable brand images. It was introduced in 1938 and given its present form, with the trademark red color, in 1972 by designer
1146:
As banks under public law, the vast majority of Sparkassen have a public mandate which requires that they serve their local stakeholders and local communities. Five institutions known as "free Sparkassen"
2163:
The first Landesbausparkassen were established in 1929. The corporate forms and ownership structures of the Landesbausparkassen are diverse, even though all involve one or several regional associations
1060:
1655:
1307:. They also provide many services for the savings banks in the region in securities and cross-country businesses. In contrast to savings banks, they do wholesale banking rather than retail banking.
2042:) and low-interest residential mortgage loans, with a share of the German mortgage market of about one-third and cumulative assets of €74.5 billion.. As of 2022 they were, from north to south:
2822:
1286:
through its regional association and the respective federal states. In total, the assets of the Landesbanks have shrunk by 45 percent, or more than €702 billion, between end-2008 and end-2017.
1096:
2285:(DGZ), established in 1918 as a national hub for the savings banks' regional giro associations, and Deka (Deutsche Kapitalanlagegesellschaft), an investment company established in 1956.
739:
are statutory members. They are responsible for coordination between savings banks in a region, and manage the regional sub-funds that participate in the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe's
2584:
for all its member banks. in August 2021, the DSGV members unanimously adopted a resolution to reform the system and establish a Deposit Insurance Fund, gradually from 2024-2025.
2326:
3283:
Das öffentlich-rechtliche Kreditgewerbe: eine empirische Analyse zur Struktureffizienz und zur Unternehmensgröße im Sparkassensektor, Dt. Universitäts-Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004,
1973:
2225:
1595:
2978:
2351:
The internal legal and financial arrangements of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe are complex, in line with its largely decentralized structure that mirrors its long history.
743:(except in Berlin where a special arrangement is in place). They also act as auditors and operate regional savings bank academies for educational and training purposes.
2661:
Most entities of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe have no external auditors but are audited instead by audit entities of the group itself. Some group-level entities such as
2828:
2448:
The Landesbanks' sub-fund includes the six remaining such institutions (BayernLB, Helaba, LBBW, NORD/LB, SaarLB, and Landesbank Berlin AG) as well as the national
3267:
755:
3408:
2009:
1289:
The Landesbanks have traditionally acted as central financial services providers for regional savings bank association and as the "main bank" of the respective
2367:. The Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe IPS is complex and its contractual details are not made public. It started in 1969 with the establishment of protection schemes (
1937:
1114:
1295:. They are also local banks, mortgage banks and general commercial banks. Their duties and powers are codified in the individual banking laws of the Länder (
2320:
As of end-2020, the Savings banks network maintained a total of 769 foundations in Germany, with total capital of €2.72 billion. At the national level, the
432:) cannot be sold, and it does not grant rights to the Sparkasse's financial surplus, which is typically retained or used for local public welfare projects.
3680:
1072:
1048:
3714:
3343:
1997:
1985:
918:
335:
The Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe is highly idiosyncratic, and its description requires understanding of key notions that are unique to its German context.
2213:
2321:
2536:
1619:
302:: their deposit base shrunk from nearly 32 billion marks in late 1918 (up from 19 billion in 1913) to a mere 608 million Reichsmarks at end-1924.
3477:
1961:
3581:
3300:
3243:
716:
620:, abbreviated as LBS; sometimes translated into English as "building and loan associations") and 7 LBS real estate companies: 7,392 employees
299:
216:
2364:
776:
1916:
1226:
amount to about €1 trillion. The 431 savings banks operate a network of over 15,600 branches and offices and employ over 250,000 people.
1852:
750:
361:
3429:
1038:(VFS), exists for Sparkassen that are (or recently were) joint-stock companies. The latter are members of both the respective regional
897:
3709:
2861:
1894:
2496:
1643:
3288:
1631:
989:
913:
2580:
In line with the EU Deposit Guarantee Scheme Directive of 2014, the IPS of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe is also designated as the
2237:
281:, soon followed by those for Bavaria (1914), the Rhineland (1914), Thuringia (1915), Silesia (1916), and from 1916, the national
3661:
2609:
The following entities are members of the IPS even though they are not included in the group's scope of accounting aggregation:
2686:
The leading public figure of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe at the national level is the President of the DSGV, also known as the
2594:
2491:
2360:
1949:
1314:
771:
740:
306:
91:
3682:
Rating Action: Moody's upgrades Landesbank Baden-Wuerttemberg's long-term deposit and senior unsecured ratings; stable outlook
1911:
892:
2816:
375:
31:
2281:
it provides asset management and other services for the Sparkassen and Landesbanks. It resulted in 1999 from the merger of
1847:
1768:
1671:
1607:
947:
876:
2852:
1889:
2481:
984:
2867:
212:
3536:
1832:
1763:
942:
871:
855:
2622:
2476:
2257:
3026:
2911:
1827:
850:
822:
370:
817:
3498:
3387:
2932:
Andreas Hackethal (2004). "German Banks and Banking Structure". In Jan P. Krahnen & Reinhard H. Schmidt (ed.).
2388:
1874:
1869:
1033:
1028:
3704:
2618:
2453:
2179:
388:
1683:
547:
In late 2020, the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe included 520 member entities, as described in its 2021 Annual Report:
3350:
1725:
1186:
3206:
2253:
1005:
796:
590:
585:
533:, linked to the fact that, as in Hamburg, they have Sparkassen under the legal-form of joint-stock companies (
305:
In 1934, all savings banks were designated as credit institutions under new banking legislation following the
3179:
2765:
2543:
The DSGV does not generally disclose cases or amounts of IPS interventions. One known case was the rescue of
1688:
3642:
3453:
3156:
3100:
2959:
2697:
2614:
2602:
2544:
2524:
1448:
1194:
1156:
963:
1730:
3331:
3316:
2109:
2069:
1758:
1742:
1504:
1470:
1408:
1182:
907:
886:
836:
449:
3643:"Institutional Protection Schemes: What are their differences, strengths, weaknesses, and track records?"
3028:
Army Service Forces Manual M356-5 / Military Government Handbook - Germany - Section 5: Money and Banking
2028:
1010:
801:
3603:
2532:
2343:, also known as Deutsche Sparkassenstiftung, centralizes actions in favor of international development.
2282:
1801:
1372:
609:
348:
288:
3519:
2770:
629:
3430:"BayernLB Holding AG (Bayerische Landesbank): Public Section of 2022 §165(d) Tailored Resolution Plan"
2797:
2273:
with its subsidiaries is the central asset manager of the German Savings Bank Finance Group. Based in
1242:
The size of savings banks differs widely depending on the economy in their region. While the biggest,
1167:
494:
454:
113:
2778:
2733:
2713:
2702:
2626:
2502:
2147:
2143:
1884:
1796:
1784:
1746:
1716:
1338:
1328:
1324:
1199:
1161:
999:
968:
957:
667:
473:
406:
324:
323:
were nationalized and separated from the rest of the network in 1945, but reintegrated into it after
3615:
2359:
The core feature of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe is a set of mutual support arrangements known as an
2746:
2572:
time, which, in the view of the rating agency, increase the likelihood and timeliness of support".
2384:
2171:
1310:
After multiple mergers and restructurings, five Landesbanken operated in Germany as of late 2022:
1243:
1178:
719:(DSGV, self-translated as "German Savings Banks Association") is a nonprofit association, based in
681:
441:
2597:. Specifically, the scope of aggregation in 2021 (report on the financial year 2020) included all
2420:, covering all of Germany except Berlin which relies on the reserve fund of the Landesbank Berlin;
1260:
353:
3261:
3071:
3063:
2887:
2662:
2449:
2055:
1750:
1478:
765:
623:
535:
526:
244:
65:
2568:
648:
2648:
2461:
46:
3577:
3296:
3284:
3249:
3239:
2791:
2637:
2581:
2513:
1562:
702:
573:
506:
278:
3003:
2033:
1806:
614:
3055:
642:
600:
3005:
Delegated Monitors, Large and Small: The Development of Germany's Banking System, 1800-1914
1565:(LBB) does not belong in the same category as it was converted into a joint-stock company (
634:
2958:
Sparkassenhistorisches Dokumentationszentrum des Deutschen Sparkassen- und Giroverbandes,
2606:
assets of €2.4 trillion as of end-2020, of which 1.4 trillion in the local savings banks.
2560:
2549:
2407:
2395:
2376:
2368:
2332:
2289:
was closed on 8 June 2011 and DekaBank became fully, directly owned by the savings banks.
1566:
1512:
1148:
1127:
1102:
LBBW building in Stuttgart, hosting the head office of Sparkassenverband Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
728:
604:
580:
563:
552:
510:
489:
468:
410:
401:
392:
365:
258:
2802:
2759:
1172:
499:
118:
2316:
Head office of the German Savings Banks Foundation for International Cooperation in Bonn
2783:
2738:
2718:
2631:
2507:
2129:
1516:
1231:
974:
672:
478:
1303:
include central clearing for cashless payments and liquidity funding for the regional
165:
3698:
3135:
3075:
2375:) on a regional basis, expanded to the Landesbanks through a community of liability (
2077:
1494:
1474:
844:
2751:
2598:
2095:
1928:
1906:
1864:
1818:
1484:
1466:
1304:
1300:
1283:
1227:
1140:
865:
320:
316:
236:
188:
529:
have less restrictive legislation on the Regional Principle than the other German
240:
30:
This article is about the German savings banks group. For the Austrian group, see
2394:
As of 2021, the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe IPS included 13 participating sub-funds (
2038:("Land-level building savings banks") is collective real estate saving products (
1212:
providing financial and monetary services in economically underdeveloped regions;
3641:
Rainer Haselmann; Jan Pieter Krahnen; Tobias H. Tröger; Mark Wahrenburg (2022).
2856:
2840:
2065:
1712:
1400:
832:
445:
295:
180:
1246:, had total assets of €37.7 billion and 5,500 employees in 2009, the smallest (
1143:
are usually single municipalities or several municipalities within a district.
3253:
2675:
2610:
2457:
2304:(Corporates and Markets), the sales division or one of the corporate centers.
2292:
3,700 people throughout the group work in one of the three business divisions
2101:
1279:
1272:
903:
882:
661:
568:
17:
3167:
1543:
FIDES Alpha and Gamma are trustee entities for the regional sub-funds of the
653:
2486:; Frankfurter Bankgesellschaft (Deutschland) AG, a subsidiary of Helaba via
2274:
2139:
2123:
2115:
1880:
1792:
1780:
1440:
1412:
1390:
1348:
1318:
995:
936:
924:
3233:
2678:. Erste Bank in Austria also uses said logo under license since the 1950s.
2653:
2487:
2466:
1439:
Westphalia-Lippe, FIDES Alpha, and FIDES Beta (4.75 percent each), and the
3153:
Fakten, Analysen, Positionen: Zur Geschichte der Sparkassen in Deutschland
3235:
Banking on the state : the political economy of public savings banks
3191:
2846:
2834:
2642:
2518:
2270:
2265:
2133:
1720:
1679:
The nine public insurers that belong to the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe are:
1528:
1522:
1356:
978:
687:
Sparkassen Rating und Risikosysteme GmbH (risk management): 311 employees
220:
3067:
3043:
2472:
2207:) by merger of Bausparkasse Schleswig-Holstein-Hamburg AG and LBS Ost.
2157:
2087:
2061:
2051:
2047:
1838:
1754:
1704:
1487:(56.76 percent), FIDES Gamma and FIDES Delta (12.27 percent each), the
1462:
1452:
1366:
1271:
For the history of consolidation that led to today's Landesbanken, see
1020:
861:
790:
782:
518:
232:
184:
1577:
rescued it and took full ownership through two of its legal entities,
2278:
2175:
2153:
2105:
2091:
2081:
2073:
1842:
1822:
1708:
1700:
1458:
1394:
1386:
1360:
1332:
1016:
928:
840:
828:
811:
807:
786:
720:
187:
and in all of Europe. Its name refers to local government-controlled
3059:
2383:) in 1973, and was reformed in 2005 following negotiations with the
2195:) was formed by merger of LBS Bayern and LBS SĂĽdwest; LBS NordWest (
626:(asset management and wholesale financial services): 4,711 employees
154:
3520:"Überall in Deutschland: Die öffentlichen Erstversicherungsgruppen"
239:. Other accounts emphasize the significance of the savings bank of
2312:
2311:
2252:
2119:
1788:
1670:
1424:
1404:
1259:
1113:
953:
932:
701:
522:
143:
3155:
Nr. 45, Publisher: Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband, P.10.,
3044:"German Banking between the Wars: The Crisis of the Credit Banks"
1078:
Rheinischer Sparkassen- und Giroverband head office in Dusseldorf
2340:
2086:
Norddeutsche Landesbausparkasse Berlin – Hannover (LBS Nord) in
1574:
1553:, and FIDES Beta and Delta are trustees for the sub-fund of the
1550:
761:
86:
2471:, a private bank once owend by WestLB and subsequentlty by the
2337:
Deutsche Sparkassenstiftung fĂĽr internationale Kooperation e.V.
1193:
are charitable foundations. They are members of the VFS, as is
345:
In the context of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe, the German word
2322:
German Savings Banks Foundation for International Cooperation
2665:, however, publish externally audited financial statements.
1586:
Beteiligungsgesellschaft der S-Finanzgruppe mbH & Co. KG
2501:; and two specialized arms of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe,
1549:
within the Institutional Protection Scheme (IPS) under the
360:("holder") refers to the owner-like relationship between a
183:
that together form the largest financial services group in
3576:, Publisher: Institut fĂĽr bankhistorische Forschung e.V.,
2540:
existing IPS setup of 13 regional and sectoral sub-funds.
3330:, Publisher: Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband, P.4.
3315:, Publisher: Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband, P.3.
2864:, the other large German network of non-joint-stock banks
2015:
Head office of BGV / Badische Versicherungen in Karlsruhe
1991:
Head office of Sparkassen-Versicherung Sachsen in Dresden
3295:
Der Genossenschaftliche Bankensektor, Grin-Verlag 2008,
1215:
supporting saving processes and accumulation of capital;
1155:) are or recently were joint-stock companies. They are:
1066:
Sparkassenverband Westfalen-Lippe head office in MĂĽnster
505:, German acronym SpkG) which is specific to each of the
315:, again participated in war financing before and during
2916:
German Sparkassenstiftung for International Cooperation
2201:) by merger of LBS Nord and LBS West; and LBS NordOst (
2003:
Head office of Ă–ffentliche Versicherung in Braunschweig
1924:
Feuersozietät für die ostfriesischen Städte und Flecken
1580:
Erwerbsgesellschaft der S-Finanzgruppe mbH & Co. KG
3136:"The Annual Report of the Savings Banks Finance Group"
3011:, New Haven CT: Yale University Economic Growth Center
1250:) had only €129.6 million in assets and 45 employees.
1090:
Sparkassenverband Rheinland-Pfalz head office in Mainz
658:(publishing and other group services): 2,100 employees
576:
which is directly owned by the DSGV): 33,502 employees
2204:
Landesbausparkasse NordOst, Hamburg, Kiel und Potsdam
1967:
Head office of SV Sparkassenversicherung in Stuttgart
203:. Its activity is overwhelmingly located in Germany.
3548:
3101:"Institutional Protection Schemes in German Banking"
2893:. Finanzgruppe Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband
2823:
Südtiroler Sparkasse – Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano
1943:
Head office of Versicherungskammer Bayern in Munich
488:. It is established in the Sparkassen legislation (
309:. The savings banks group, designated from 1935 as
228:
Ersparungsclasse der Allgemeinen Versorgungsanstalt
161:
141:
133:
107:
97:
71:
61:
53:
3549:Overview of the regional based Landesbausparkassen
3202:
3200:
1218:strengthening competition in the banking industry.
751:Sparkassen- und Giroverband fĂĽr Schleswig-Holstein
179:("Savings Banks Financial Group") is a network of
2829:Banque et Caisse d'Épargne de l'État – Spuerkeess
2617:, Frankfurter Bankgesellschaft (Deutschland) AG,
2198:Landesbausparkasse NordWest, MĂĽnster und Hannover
2189:Further consolidation happened in 2023: LBS SĂĽd (
1860:Braunschweigische Landesbrandversicherungsanstalt
2888:"Finanzbericht 2023 der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe"
2601:, Landesbanken, Landesbausparkassen, as well as
2460:; the defunct WestLB's "bad bank", Portigon AG;
1204:despite its current public-sector legal status.
415:Kreis, Landkreis, kreisfreie Stadt or Stadtkreis
2548:decision to the agreement on basic principles (
2060:Ostdeutsche Landesbausparkasse AG (LBS Ost) in
1239:with its iconic logo and recognizable red hue.
735:) are statutory bodies, of which savings banks
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2152:Bayerische Landesbausparkasse (LBS Bayern) in
2100:Westdeutsche Landesbausparkasse (LBS West) in
2046:Bausparkasse Schleswig-Holstein-Hamburg AG in
1375:(75 percent minus one share) and the Bavarian
693:51 capital investment companies: 179 employees
677:(car loans and consumer credit): 530 employees
235:in 1778, is widely viewed as the first modern
3537:DSGV-Website-Organisation-Landesbausparkassen
2192:Landesbausparkasse SĂĽd, Stuttgart und MĂĽnchen
387:. Examples of such local govern entities are
247:adopted the first savings banks legislation (
8:
3662:"Sparkassen einigen sich auf Sicherungstopf"
3377:, Deutscher Sparkassen Verlag GmbH, P.36-38.
3222:, Deutscher Sparkassen Verlag GmbH, P.15/16.
3192:Verband der deutschen freien Sparkassen e.V.
3020:
3018:
2724:
2687:
2439:
2430:
2424:
2415:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2165:
1979:Head office of VGH Versicherungen in Hanover
1922:
1900:
1858:
1812:
1774:
1736:
1694:
1584:
1578:
1554:
1544:
1532:
1507:(1.83 percent and 1.27 percent respectively)
1498:
1497:(6.42 percent), and holding entities of the
1488:
1434:
1428:
1423:of Hesse and Thuringia (68,85 percent), the
1418:
1376:
1342:
1290:
914:Sparkassen- und Giroverband Hessen-ThĂĽringen
707:
645:and other leasing companies: 3,441 employees
382:
346:
310:
282:
272:
266:
248:
226:
198:
192:
124:
39:
2927:
2925:
3266:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2997:
2995:
2993:
1027:In addition, a dedicated association, the
45:
38:
3472:
3470:
3448:
3446:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3031:, Washington DC: U.S. Army Service Forces
2567:) in early 2024 led credit rating agency
2492:Frankfurter Bankgesellschaft (Schweiz) AG
2406:eleven regional Savings Banks sub-funds (
2300:(Asset Management Real Estate Business),
772:Hanseatischer Sparkassen- und Giroverband
3593:DekaBank Group Annual Report 2010, P.19.
3560:DekaBank Group Annual Report 2010, P.18.
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
1912:Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Brandkasse
539:) as opposed to public-sector entities.
444:represented by Competition Commissioner
3636:
3634:
3632:
3614:DSGV press release No.55 on 08.06.2011
3602:DSGV press release No.36 on 07.04.2011
2879:
2209:
2114:Landesbausparkasse Hessen-ThĂĽringen in
1933:
1675:Public insurers coverage map in Germany
1661:Landesbank Berlin head office in Berlin
1591:
1044:
893:Rheinischer Sparkassen- und Giroverband
3626:DekaBank Group Annual Report, P.19-21.
3259:
2961:Geschichte der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe
2414:) managed by the respective regional
2260:in Frankfurt, head office of DekaBank
1848:Ă–ffentliche Versicherung Braunschweig
717:Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband
690:SIZ GmbH (IT security): 281 employees
217:Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband
7:
3207:DSGV-Website-Organisation-Sparkassen
3025:Federal Reserve Board (March 1945),
2512:(car loans and consumer credit) and
2296:(Asset Management Capital Markets),
2243:LBS SĂĽdwest head office in Stuttgart
1955:Head office of Provinzial in MĂĽnster
1890:Ă–ffentliche Versicherungen Oldenburg
1493:of Lower Saxony (9.16 percent), the
906:, covering the southwestern part of
885:, covering the northeastern part of
3375:Die deutsche Sparkassenorganisation
3220:Die deutsche Sparkassenorganisation
2855:in France, including its successor
1814:Landschaftliche Brandkasse Hannover
985:Sparkassenverband Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
521:, which has no SpkG. The states of
3180:DSGV-Website-Organisation-Verbände
2986:, Deutscher Sparkassenverlag, 2018
2862:German Cooperative Financial Group
698:National and regional associations
435:Until the early 21st century, the
27:Network of public banks in Germany
25:
3715:Government-owned banks of Germany
3660:Markus FrĂĽhauf (25 August 2021).
2556:) for NordLB's recapitalization.
2438:a national sub-fund of the eight
1764:SV Sparkassenversicherung Holding
1696:General Brandversicherungsanstalt
1625:SaarLB head office in SaarbrĂĽcken
1531:(74.90 percent) and the regional
1282:are mostly owned by the regional
943:Sparkassenverband Rheinland-Pfalz
872:Sparkassenverband Westfalen-Lippe
664:(property lending): 593 employees
364:and a public-sector institution (
3524:Verband öffentlicher Versicherer
2559:A revision of the IPS statutes (
2477:Mittelbrandenburgische Sparkasse
2236:
2224:
2212:
2008:
1996:
1984:
1972:
1960:
1948:
1936:
1902:Oldenburgischen Landesbrandkasse
1654:
1642:
1630:
1618:
1606:
1594:
1118:Saving banks coverage in Germany
1095:
1083:
1071:
1059:
1047:
746:They are, from north to south:
150:
149:
2595:Capital Requirements Regulation
2365:Capital Requirements Regulation
2361:Institutional Protection Scheme
2355:Institutional protection scheme
2231:LBS West head office in MĂĽnster
2219:LBS Nord head office in Hanover
2027:The core business of the eight
1828:Sparkassen-Versicherung Sachsen
1613:Helaba head office in frankfurt
851:Sparkassenverband Niedersachsen
741:institutional protection scheme
371:Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts
92:Institutional Protection Scheme
3570:Chronik der DekaBank 1999-2007
2174:(42.5%). LBS Nord is owned by
2138:Landesbausparkasse SĂĽdwest in
1649:BayernLB head office in Munich
1341:(40.53 percent), the regional
1299:). The specific tasks for the
818:Ostdeutscher Sparkassenverband
727:The 12 regional associations (
639:(IT services): 4,474 employees
137:Banking and financial services
1:
1870:BGV / Badische Versicherungen
1637:LBBW head office in Stuttgart
1601:NordLB head office in Hanover
1135:are not profit oriented. The
1029:Verband der Freien Sparkassen
706:Coverage map of the regional
284:Deutscher Zentral-Giroverband
3617: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3605: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3551: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3539: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3478:"NORD/LB Group Presentation"
3333: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3318: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3194: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3182: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3170: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3158: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3054:(3), Harvard College: 554–,
3002:Timothy W. Guinnane (2001),
2868:German public banking sector
2363:(IPS) in EU law, namely the
1776:Brand-Assecurations-Societät
1427:(8,10 percent), the Rhenish
1315:Landesbank Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
399:), union of municipalities (
312:Wirtschaftsgruppe Sparkassen
213:German public banking sector
191:that are known in German as
3418:. November 2022. p. 6.
3388:"LBBW company presentation"
2934:The German Financial System
2817:Sparkassengruppe Ă–sterreich
2726:Geschäftsführender Direktor
2709:1935–1945: Johannes Heintze
2423:a national sub-fund of the
2128:Landesbausparkasse Saar in
1583:(owning 89.37 percent) and
1387:Landesbank Hessen-ThĂĽringen
1381:(25 percent plus one share)
579:9 public insurance groups (
562:6 regional banking groups (
277:was established in 1909 in
82:Deutscher Sparkassenverband
32:Sparkassengruppe Ă–sterreich
3731:
3344:"Sparkassenrangliste 2009"
2936:. Oxford University Press.
2263:
2080:, and the eastern part of
1684:Versicherungskammer Bayern
1339:State of Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1270:
1054:DSGV head office in Berlin
210:
29:
3710:Public finance of Germany
3679:Moody's (15 March 2024),
3487:. August 2022. p. 3.
3232:Cassell, Mark K. (2021).
2912:"Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe"
2619:Landesbank Berlin Holding
2454:Landesbank Berlin Holding
1726:Provinzial (Versicherung)
1347:(40.53 percent), and the
1248:Stadtsparkasse Bad Sachsa
551:376 local savings banks (
448:, known in German as the
287:which in 1918 became the
44:
3042:Theo Balderston (1991),
2582:deposit guarantee scheme
2576:Deposit guarantee scheme
2523:(securities brokerage).
2412:SparkassenstĂĽtzungsfonds
1589:(owning 10,63 percent).
1222:The total assets of the
1187:Sparkasse Mittelholstein
1006:Sparkassenverband Bayern
797:Sparkassenverband Berlin
684:companies: 403 employees
586:Ă–ffentlicher Versicherer
467:The Regional Principle (
3397:. July 2022. p. 8.
3238:. Newcastle upon Tyne.
3048:Business History Review
2853:Groupe Caisse d'Épargne
2766:Dietrich H. Hoppenstedt
2615:Deutsche Hypothekenbank
2603:Hamburg Commercial Bank
2588:Accounting and auditing
2545:Norddeutsche Landesbank
2525:Hamburg Commercial Bank
2373:Sicherungseinrichtungen
1449:Norddeutsche Landesbank
1441:Free State of Thuringia
1267:coverage map in Germany
319:. The savings banks in
176:Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe
157:2.492,8 trillion (2023)
40:Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe
3574:Die DekaBank seit 1918
3209:; accessed: 13.06.2011
3099:Jakob de Haan (2022).
2980:Die DekaBank seit 1918
2725:
2698:Ernst Eberhard Kleiner
2688:
2564:
2553:
2452:; the Berlin entities
2440:
2431:
2425:
2416:
2411:
2399:
2380:
2372:
2336:
2317:
2261:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2166:
2110:North Rhine-Westphalia
2070:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1923:
1901:
1859:
1813:
1775:
1759:Mecklemburg-Vorpommern
1743:North Rhine-Westphalia
1737:
1695:
1676:
1585:
1579:
1570:
1555:
1545:
1533:
1505:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1499:
1495:State of Saxony-Anhalt
1489:
1471:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1435:
1429:
1419:
1409:North Rhine-Westphalia
1377:
1343:
1291:
1268:
1195:Sparkasse Westholstein
1157:Bordesholmer Sparkasse
1152:
1119:
964:Sparkassenverband Saar
908:North Rhine-Westphalia
887:North Rhine-Westphalia
837:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
732:
712:
708:
608:
584:
567:
556:
514:
493:
472:
414:
396:
383:
369:
347:
311:
283:
273:
267:
262:
249:
227:
199:
193:
125:
3409:"BayernLB – Factbook"
2554:Grundlagenvereibarung
2533:European Central Bank
2527:left it by end-2021.
2315:
2283:Deutsche Girozentrale
2256:
1863:): parts of southern
1674:
1503:in Saxony-Anhalt and
1485:State of Lower Saxony
1373:Free State of Bavaria
1357:Bayerische Landesbank
1263:
1117:
705:
289:Deutsche Girozentrale
3499:"Finanzbericht 2021"
2148:Rhineland-Palatinate
1927:): parts of western
1905:): parts of western
1797:Rhineland-Palatinate
1795:, eastern fringe of
1747:Rhineland-Palatinate
1738:Hamburger Feuerkasse
1717:Rhineland-Palatinate
1573:) in 2007, when the
1329:Rhineland-Palatinate
958:Rhineland-Palatinate
760:with head office in
559:): 200,676 employees
450:BrĂĽsseler Konkordanz
325:German reunification
75:18th century: first
57:Public banking group
3647:European Parliament
3105:European Parliament
2689:Sparkassenpräsident
2441:Landesbausparkassen
2385:European Commission
2172:Hamburger Sparkasse
2029:Landesbausparkassen
2022:Landesbausparkassen
1297:Landesbankengesetze
1244:Hamburger Sparkasse
1183:Sparkasse zu LĂĽbeck
1179:Hamburger Sparkasse
596:): 26,680 employees
442:European Commission
250:Sparkassenreglement
126:Sparkassenpräsident
41:
3463:. 2022. p. 6.
2417:Sparkassenverbände
2347:Group arrangements
2318:
2262:
2167:Sparkassenverbände
2056:Schleswig-Holstein
1802:VGH Versicherungen
1751:Schleswig-Holstein
1677:
1571:Aktiengesellschaft
1546:Sparkassenverbände
1479:Schleswig-Holstein
1269:
1120:
766:Schleswig-Holstein
733:Sparkassenverbände
713:
709:Sparkassenverbände
610:Landesbausparkasse
601:building societies
536:Aktiengesellschaft
527:Schleswig-Holstein
463:Regional principle
428:position (German:
245:Kingdom of Prussia
66:Financial services
3582:978-3-09-303815-0
3301:978-3-640-71737-8
3245:978-1-78821-197-0
2792:Georg Fahrenschon
2389:state aid control
2180:Landesbank Berlin
2144:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1885:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1785:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1563:Landesbank Berlin
1534:Sparkassenverband
1529:State of Saarland
1490:Sparkassenverband
1436:Sparkassenverband
1430:Sparkassenverband
1420:Sparkassenverband
1378:Sparkassenverband
1349:City of Stuttgart
1344:Sparkassenverband
1325:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1040:Sparkassenverband
1000:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
630:Finanz Informatik
574:Landesbank Berlin
507:states of Germany
424:politicians. The
231:, established in
171:
170:
16:(Redirected from
3722:
3705:Banks of Germany
3689:
3688:
3687:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3638:
3627:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3585:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3503:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3482:
3474:
3465:
3464:
3458:
3450:
3441:
3440:
3434:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3413:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3392:
3384:
3378:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3355:
3349:. Archived from
3348:
3340:
3334:
3325:
3319:
3310:
3304:
3281:Andrea Kositzki:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3265:
3257:
3229:
3223:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3132:
3109:
3108:
3096:
3079:
3078:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3022:
3013:
3012:
3010:
2999:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2955:
2938:
2937:
2929:
2920:
2919:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2892:
2884:
2806:
2798:Helmut Schleweis
2787:
2774:
2755:
2742:
2728:
2722:
2706:
2691:
2657:
2646:
2635:
2522:
2511:
2500:
2485:
2470:
2443:
2434:
2428:
2419:
2330:
2240:
2228:
2216:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2169:
2037:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1940:
1926:
1920:
1904:
1898:
1878:
1862:
1856:
1836:
1816:
1810:
1778:
1772:
1740:
1734:
1698:
1692:
1658:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1588:
1582:
1558:
1548:
1536:
1502:
1492:
1438:
1432:
1422:
1380:
1346:
1294:
1203:
1176:
1168:Sparkasse Bremen
1165:
1153:freie Sparkassen
1128:commercial banks
1099:
1087:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1037:
1014:
993:
972:
951:
922:
901:
880:
859:
826:
805:
780:
759:
711:
676:
657:
643:Deutsche Leasing
638:
618:
594:
503:
495:Sparkassengesetz
482:
458:
386:
379:
362:local government
359:
357:
314:
286:
276:
270:
252:
230:
202:
196:
153:
152:
146:
128:
122:
114:Helmut Schleweis
49:
42:
21:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3640:
3639:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3613:
3609:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3555:
3547:
3543:
3535:
3531:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3444:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3372:
3368:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3326:
3322:
3311:
3307:
3279:
3275:
3258:
3246:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3217:
3213:
3205:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3178:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3151:
3147:
3134:
3133:
3112:
3098:
3097:
3082:
3060:10.2307/3116768
3041:
3040:
3036:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3008:
3001:
3000:
2991:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2964:
2957:
2956:
2941:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2813:
2800:
2781:
2779:Heinrich Haasis
2768:
2749:
2736:
2734:Ludwig Poullain
2716:
2714:Fritz Butschkau
2700:
2684:
2671:
2651:
2640:
2629:
2627:S-Kreditpartner
2590:
2578:
2516:
2505:
2503:S-Kreditpartner
2494:
2479:
2464:
2381:Haftungsverbund
2357:
2349:
2324:
2310:
2268:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2232:
2229:
2220:
2217:
2031:
2025:
2016:
2013:
2004:
2001:
1992:
1989:
1980:
1977:
1968:
1965:
1956:
1953:
1944:
1941:
1914:
1892:
1872:
1850:
1830:
1804:
1766:
1728:
1686:
1669:
1667:Public insurers
1662:
1659:
1650:
1647:
1638:
1635:
1626:
1623:
1614:
1611:
1602:
1599:
1537:(25.10 percent)
1513:Landesbank Saar
1351:(18.93 percent)
1276:
1258:
1232:universal banks
1197:
1170:
1159:
1112:
1103:
1100:
1091:
1088:
1079:
1076:
1067:
1064:
1055:
1052:
1031:
1008:
987:
966:
945:
916:
895:
874:
853:
820:
799:
774:
753:
700:
670:
668:S-Kreditpartner
651:
632:
612:
588:
545:
497:
476:
474:Regionalprinzip
465:
452:
402:Gemeindeverband
373:
351:
343:
333:
223:
209:
142:
116:
110:
103:
89:
84:
79:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3728:
3726:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3690:
3671:
3652:
3628:
3619:
3607:
3595:
3586:
3562:
3553:
3541:
3529:
3511:
3490:
3466:
3442:
3421:
3400:
3379:
3373:Klaus Ulrich:
3366:
3335:
3320:
3305:
3273:
3244:
3224:
3218:Klaus Ulrich:
3211:
3196:
3184:
3172:
3160:
3145:
3110:
3080:
3034:
3014:
2989:
2970:
2939:
2921:
2903:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2796:2017–present:
2794:
2788:
2775:
2762:
2756:
2743:
2730:
2723:(1945–1953 as
2710:
2707:
2683:
2680:
2670:
2667:
2589:
2586:
2577:
2574:
2446:
2445:
2436:
2421:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2345:
2309:
2306:
2264:Main article:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2211:
2161:
2160:
2150:
2136:
2126:
2112:
2098:
2084:
2058:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1921:(est. 1754 as
1909:
1899:(est. 1764 as
1887:
1879:(est. 1923 in
1867:
1857:(est. 1754 as
1845:
1837:(est. 1992 in
1825:
1811:(est. 1750 as
1799:
1773:(est. 1758 as
1761:
1735:(est. 1676 as
1723:
1693:(est. 1811 as
1668:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1593:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1525:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1481:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1443:(4,05 percent)
1425:State of Hesse
1415:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1369:
1359:(BayernLB) in
1354:
1353:
1352:
1335:
1257:
1252:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1046:
1025:
1024:
1003:
982:
961:
940:
911:
890:
869:
848:
815:
794:
769:
699:
696:
695:
694:
691:
688:
685:
678:
665:
659:
646:
640:
627:
621:
597:
577:
560:
544:
543:Group entities
541:
464:
461:
342:
337:
332:
329:
307:crisis of 1931
300:hyperinflation
208:
205:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
147:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
99:
95:
94:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
26:
24:
18:Kreissparkasse
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3727:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3684:
3683:
3675:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3507:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3486:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3396:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3356:on 2012-03-25
3352:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3289:3-8244-7887-0
3286:
3282:
3277:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3149:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3006:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2971:
2963:
2962:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2831:in Luxembourg
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2747:Helmut Geiger
2744:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2599:Savings Banks
2596:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2432:Girozentralen
2427:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2354:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2323:
2314:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2259:
2258:Trianon Tower
2255:
2248:
2239:
2234:
2227:
2222:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2078:Saxony-Anhalt
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1770:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1657:
1652:
1645:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1609:
1604:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1535:
1530:
1527:owned by the
1526:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1483:owned by the
1482:
1480:
1476:
1475:Saxony-Anhalt
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1451:(NORD/LB) in
1450:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1417:owned by the
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1374:
1371:owned by the
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1337:owned by the
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:savings banks
1302:
1301:savings banks
1298:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1284:savings banks
1281:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1228:Savings banks
1225:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1141:savings banks
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1042:and the VFS.
1041:
1035:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1001:
997:
991:
986:
983:
980:
976:
970:
965:
962:
959:
955:
949:
944:
941:
938:
934:
930:
926:
920:
915:
912:
909:
905:
899:
894:
891:
888:
884:
878:
873:
870:
867:
863:
857:
852:
849:
846:
845:Saxony-Anhalt
842:
838:
834:
830:
824:
819:
816:
813:
809:
803:
798:
795:
792:
788:
784:
778:
773:
770:
767:
763:
757:
752:
749:
748:
747:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
722:
718:
710:
704:
697:
692:
689:
686:
683:
679:
674:
669:
666:
663:
660:
655:
650:
647:
644:
641:
636:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
611:
606:
602:
598:
595:
592:
587:
582:
578:
575:
571:
570:
565:
561:
558:
554:
550:
549:
548:
542:
540:
538:
537:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
501:
496:
491:
487:
483:
480:
475:
470:
462:
460:
456:
451:
447:
443:
438:
433:
431:
427:
422:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:
398:
394:
390:
385:
380:
377:
372:
367:
363:
358:
355:
350:
341:
338:
336:
330:
328:
326:
322:
318:
313:
308:
303:
301:
297:
292:
290:
285:
280:
275:
269:
268:Girozentralen
264:
260:
254:
251:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
222:
218:
214:
206:
204:
201:
195:
190:
189:savings banks
186:
182:
178:
177:
167:
164:
160:
156:
148:
145:
140:
136:
132:
127:
120:
115:
112:
106:
100:
96:
93:
88:
83:
78:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
3681:
3674:
3665:
3655:
3646:
3622:
3610:
3598:
3589:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3556:
3544:
3532:
3523:
3514:
3508:. p. 7.
3505:
3493:
3484:
3460:
3439:. p. 3.
3436:
3424:
3416:BayernLB.com
3415:
3403:
3394:
3382:
3374:
3369:
3358:. Retrieved
3351:the original
3338:
3327:
3323:
3312:
3308:
3293:Maik Rösler:
3292:
3280:
3276:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3214:
3187:
3175:
3168:DSGV-Website
3163:
3152:
3148:
3139:
3104:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3027:
3004:
2979:
2973:
2960:
2933:
2915:
2906:
2895:. Retrieved
2882:
2760:Horst Köhler
2685:
2672:
2660:
2608:
2591:
2579:
2558:
2542:
2529:
2447:
2426:Landesbanken
2393:
2358:
2350:
2319:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2269:
2188:
2183:
2162:
2096:Lower Saxony
2039:
2026:
2021:
1929:Lower Saxony
1907:Lower Saxony
1865:Lower Saxony
1819:Lower Saxony
1678:
1561:
1559:in the IPS.
1556:Landesbanken
1542:
1515:(SaarLB) in
1467:Lower Saxony
1389:(Helaba) in
1309:
1296:
1288:
1280:Landesbanken
1277:
1265:Landesbanken
1264:
1255:Landesbanken
1254:
1247:
1241:
1236:
1223:
1221:
1206:
1190:
1145:
1136:
1132:
1123:
1121:
1108:
1039:
1026:
866:Lower Saxony
745:
736:
726:
714:
572:, including
546:
534:
530:
485:
466:
436:
434:
430:Trägerschaft
429:
425:
420:
419:
400:
389:municipality
381:), i.e. the
344:
339:
334:
331:Key concepts
321:East Germany
317:World War II
304:
294:Also during
293:
274:Girozentrale
271:. The first
255:
237:savings bank
224:
181:public banks
175:
174:
172:
166:sparkasse.de
144:Total assets
98:Headquarters
81:
76:
54:Company type
36:
2857:Groupe BPCE
2841:SpareBank 1
2801: [
2790:2012–2017:
2782: [
2777:2006–2012:
2769: [
2764:1998–2006:
2758:1993–1998:
2750: [
2745:1972–1993:
2737: [
2732:1967–1972:
2717: [
2712:1945–1967:
2701: [
2696:1924–1935:
2652: [
2641: [
2630: [
2623:Portigon AG
2517: [
2506: [
2495: [
2480: [
2465: [
2325: [
2308:Foundations
2156:, covering
2142:, covering
2132:, covering
2130:SaarbrĂĽcken
2118:, covering
2104:, covering
2090:, covering
2066:Brandenburg
2064:, covering
2050:, covering
2032: [
1915: [
1893: [
1883:): west of
1873: [
1851: [
1831: [
1817:): most of
1805: [
1767: [
1729: [
1715:, south of
1713:Brandenburg
1687: [
1517:SaarbrĂĽcken
1401:Brandenburg
1198: [
1171: [
1160: [
1032: [
1019:, covering
1009: [
998:, covering
988: [
977:, covering
975:SaarbrĂĽcken
967: [
956:, covering
946: [
931:, covering
917: [
896: [
875: [
864:, covering
854: [
833:Brandenburg
831:, covering
821: [
810:, covering
800: [
785:, covering
775: [
764:, covering
754: [
671: [
652: [
633: [
613: [
599:8 regional
589: [
498: [
477: [
453: [
446:Mario Monti
374: [
352: [
296:World War I
117: [
3699:Categories
3485:NordLB.com
3461:Helaba.com
3360:2011-06-17
3328:Das Profil
3313:Das Profil
3254:1227268773
2897:2024-09-11
2874:References
2819:in Austria
2682:Leadership
2676:Otl Aicher
2611:Berlin Hyp
2458:Berlin Hyp
1745:, most of
1500:Sparkassen
1317:(LBBW) in
1273:Landesbank
1224:Sparkassen
1133:Sparkassen
1124:Sparkassen
1109:Sparkassen
904:Dusseldorf
662:Berlin Hyp
649:DSV-Gruppe
569:Landesbank
557:Sparkassen
211:See also:
200:Sparkassen
129:since 2018
109:Key people
77:Sparkassen
3506:SaarLB.de
3454:"Satzung"
3291:, P.13.;
3262:cite book
3076:154642962
2849:in Russia
2843:in Norway
2837:in Sweden
2649:Weberbank
2462:Weberbank
2400:Teilfonds
2275:Frankfurt
2140:Stuttgart
2124:Thuringia
2116:Frankfurt
2040:Bausparen
1881:Karlsruhe
1793:Thuringia
1781:Karlsruhe
1413:Thuringia
1391:Frankfurt
1319:Stuttgart
1237:Sparkasse
996:Stuttgart
937:Thuringia
925:Frankfurt
682:factoring
517:) except
384:Sparkasse
327:in 1990.
241:Göttingen
197:, plural
194:Sparkasse
3584:, P.463.
3437:FDIC.gov
2847:Sberbank
2835:Swedbank
2825:in Italy
2811:See also
2669:Branding
2663:DekaBank
2638:S Broker
2514:S Broker
2450:DekaBank
2271:DekaBank
2266:DekaBank
2249:DekaBank
2134:Saarland
1721:Saarland
1523:Saarland
1189:. Their
1126:work as
979:Saarland
827:also in
624:DekaBank
407:district
397:Gemeinde
221:DekaBank
134:Products
62:Industry
3666:Faz.net
3395:LBBW.de
3140:dsgv.de
3068:3116768
2569:Moody's
2565:Satzung
2490:-based
2475:-based
2473:Potsdam
2302:C&M
2178:(44%),
2158:Bavaria
2102:MĂĽnster
2088:Hanover
2062:Potsdam
2052:Hamburg
2048:Hamburg
1839:Dresden
1755:Hamburg
1705:Bavaria
1521:covers
1463:Hamburg
1457:covers
1453:Hanover
1399:covers
1367:Bavaria
1365:covers
1323:covers
1139:of the
1021:Bavaria
883:MĂĽnster
862:Hanover
791:Hamburg
783:Hamburg
519:Hamburg
291:(DGZ).
233:Hamburg
207:History
185:Germany
162:Website
102:Germany
72:Founded
3580:
3303:, P.14
3299:
3287:
3252:
3242:
3074:
3066:
2967:, DSGV
2647:, and
2561:German
2550:German
2488:ZĂĽrich
2408:German
2396:German
2377:German
2369:German
2333:German
2279:Berlin
2184:Träger
2176:NordLB
2154:Munich
2106:Bremen
2092:Berlin
2082:Berlin
2074:Saxony
1843:Saxony
1823:Bremen
1709:Berlin
1701:Munich
1567:German
1477:, and
1459:Bremen
1411:, and
1395:Erfurt
1361:Munich
1333:Saxony
1331:, and
1292:Länder
1191:Träger
1185:, and
1149:German
1137:Träger
1017:Munich
929:Erfurt
843:, and
841:Saxony
829:Berlin
812:Berlin
808:Berlin
787:Bremen
737:Träger
729:German
721:Berlin
605:German
581:German
564:German
553:German
531:Länder
515:Länder
511:German
490:German
486:Träger
469:German
437:Träger
426:Träger
421:Träger
411:German
393:German
366:German
349:Träger
340:Träger
279:Saxony
259:German
219:, and
90:1975:
85:1924:
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