1224:
1902:
1649:
2112:
1027:
1047:
2493:
1305:
2477:
1139:
1119:
2149:
1076:
1360:
2511:
1333:
817:
2130:
851:
1888:
1380:
1251:
2305:
2230:
1278:
2091:
135:
1740:
800:
2361:
1757:
1168:
1631:
157:
2348:. The project was markedly successful, costing $ 1,500 in 1889, making it "a textbook example of the great potential of classical biological control as a tactic for suppressing invasive pests." The beetle was then used in 29 countries, again with success; reasons for this include its high prey specificity, fast development, multiple generations each year, efficient discovery of host patches, and larval development completed on a single host insect.
1876:
1554:
1604:
868:
1864:
5270:
834:
7776:
5258:
2351:
There have been many further attempts to use ladybird species against pests, with varying degrees of success. Scale insect-eating coccinellids have been more successfully used than aphid predators. Out of 155 deliberate introductions meant to control aphids by the year 2000, only one was deemed to be
1729:
long distances to hibernation and breeding sites, and areas with more food. They appear to be drawn to recognisable landmarks. The more crowded an area is, the more individuals leave, but will remain if there are enough prey species to feed on. "Trivial flights" refer to flying while foraging or when
1823:
Pupae may be uncovered, partially covered or fully covered by larval skin depending on the species. The pupa is mostly immobile, but the head can move in response to irritation. When the adult emerges, it has its hindwings, while the elytron starts out softer and lighter in colour, with no patterns.
2240:
Coccinellidae are found on every continent except
Antarctica. Asian and African species are less studied than others. Coccinellids can be found in a variety of habitats, both on the ground and in the trees. They may specialise using certain plants. Some species can live in extreme environments such
2327:, as they prey on agricultural pests such as aphids and scale insects. Their importance in controlling pests was noted as far back as 1814 in England. Their efficiency can vary: sometimes they have a relatively small effect on aphid populations; at others they cause significant seasonal declines.
1803:
and finally adult. Eggs tend to be bright yellow, and the females lay them close together, standing upright and near where they can access food. The number of eggs in a cluster can vary depending on the species; it is typically in the double digits but some species can lay over a thousand eggs in
1988:
aphids become scarce. Predators of scale insects tend to be less voracious and are slower breeders and developers; matching their prey. Under pressure from coccinellid predation, aphid species have evolved to become more toxic, forcing coccinellids to develop immunities. Coccinellid predators of
2256:. Coccinellid biodiversity will likely be affected by the rising of both average temperatures and heat fluctuations. Climate change may lead to smaller larvae, as well as increase energy and metabolic needs and interspecific predation. Agriculture and urbanisation threatens these insects though
2372:
is native to East Asia, but has been introduced to the
Americas, Europe and Africa. In North America, this species begins to appear indoors in the autumn when they leave their summer feeding sites to search out places to stay for winter. Typically, when temperatures warm to the mid-60s °F
2191:, exuding drops from their tibio-femoral (knee) joints, effectively presenting predators with a sample of their toxic and bitter body fluid. Predator-deterring poisons are particularly important for the immobile pupa. Access to food can affect the concentration of both pigments and toxins.
1966:
by Hodek and Honěk found that aphid-eaters constituted around 68 percent of species that live in temperate areas but only 20 percent of species worldwide. Around 36 percent of total species mostly feed on scale insects. Larvae and adults eat the same foods, unlike in other insect groups.
1830:, eggs hatch after four to eight days, the larva stage lasts around three weeks and the pupa lasts seven to ten days. Adult coccinellids develop much of their final colouration within hours, but may not fully darken for weeks or months. The lifespan of an adult reaches up to a year.
790:, the abdominal segments, in particular, each having six divided into pairs, and one to three segmented antennae. Their colouration varies from grey, blue-grey, grey-brown or brown and spotted with white, yellow, red or orange. They tend to brighten as they get closer to adulthood.
754:
Coccinellids are often distinctively coloured and patterned. The elytron may be light with dark spots or dark with light spots. Light areas are typically yellow, red, orange or brown, and the spots vary in size and shape and numbers. Some species have striped or
1841:
during the winter. Individuals during this period gather in clumps, large or small depending on the species. Overwintering insects can be found both in lowland areas, aggregating under dead vegetation, and at the tops of hills, hibernating under rocks and on
1730:
finding a place to lay eggs. One study of species in
Britain found that coccinellids can fly as far as 120 km (75 mi). They flew at speeds of 30 km/h (19 mph) and could reach altitudes close to 1,100 m (3,600 ft).
2896:
Seago, Ainsley E.; Giorgi, Jose
Adriano; Li, Jiahui; Ślipiński, Adam (July 2011). "Phylogeny, classification and evolution of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) based on simultaneous analysis of molecular and morphological data".
2111:
2019:
has been recorded in several species; which includes larvae eating eggs or other larvae, and adults feeding on individuals of any life stage. Some coccinellids are mostly non-predatory, such as some species in the genera
2492:
1724:
Coccinellids mostly fly during the day. Springy, cylindrical veins in the hindwings stiffen when in flight and bend when folding. Folding of the wings is further aided by creases in the membrane. These beetles may
1811:
with the fertile eggs, providing a backup food source for the larvae when they hatch. The ratio of infertile to fertile eggs increases with scarcity of food at the time of egg laying. Larvae typically have four
2421:, an insect acts as a matchmaker, crawling on a woman and then flying to their true love. Coccinellids have been said to predict the future, particularly weather conditions and how well the crops will grow.
2221:, as the spiders lack the chemicals. This resemblance is limited to adult male spiders which are actively searching for females and exposed – unlike the females and young, which remain sheltered in burrows.
3220:
Robertson, James A.; Ślipiński, Adam; Moulton, Matthew; et al. (2015). "Phylogeny and classification of
Cucujoidea and the recognition of a new superfamily Coccinelloidea (Coleoptera: Cucujiformia)".
1505:(one tribe). All three subfamilies were strongly supported, but the study noted that although the tribes are mostly monophyletic, their relationships are only weakly supported. The study suggests that the
2436:
have revered them as the "Great
Beloved Woman"; this was used as a title for the highest-ranking woman in the government, who would be painted in the colours and patterns of the insect during ceremonies.
1778:
In temperate climates, coccinellids typically breed from late spring to early summer. In warmer temperate regions, reproduction may occur in spring, fall and winter; tropical species reproduce during the
448:. The more than 6,000 described species have a global distribution and are found in a variety of habitats. They are oval beetles with a domed back and flat underside. Many of the species have conspicuous
3065:
Szawaryn, Karol; Tomaszewska, Wioletta (10 June 2020). "The first fossil
Sticholotidini ladybird beetle (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) reveals a transition zone through northern Europe during the Eocene".
2281:
does not list the conservation status for any coccinellid, though there is an IUCN SSC Ladybird
Specialist Group. Conservationists have suggested several measures for protecting the insects, including
3936:"Aphid-mediated coexistence of ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and the wood ant Formica rufa : seasonal effects, interspecific variability and the evolution of a coccinellid myrmecophile"
2417:
Coccinellids have had important roles in culture and religion, being associated with luck, love, fertility and prophecy. "Ladybird" is an affectionate term for someone, such as a loved one. In
1820:
between them. The larva eventually transitions into a pupa; which involves the development of a hunch, the fusion of the legs to the body, and the attachment of the posterior to the surface.
2373:(around 18 °C) in the late afternoon, they swarm onto or into buildings illuminated by the sun from nearby fields and forests. After an abnormally long period of hot, dry weather in the
2476:
1223:
2510:
1901:
2032:. The majority of predatory species may also supplement their diet with other sources of food both in their larval and adult stages. Non-animal matter consumed include leaves, pollen,
833:
514:
agents, with varying degrees of success. Some species are pests themselves and attack agricultural crops, or can infest people's homes, particularly in winter. Invasive species like
2090:
8149:
1989:
aphids need to defend themselves against ants that tend and defend aphids for their honeydew, and coccinellid eggs laid near aphids are disposed of. Some species including
977:, a group containing most of the plant-eating beetles. The ladybirds form the majority of the species in the Coccinelloidea; many of the rest are fungus-feeding beetles or
1501:
A 2021 genetic study sampling many species, identified three subfamilies, Microweiseinae (with three tribes), Coccinellinae (26 tribes) and a newly identified group, the
3351:
Che, LiHeng; et al. (2021). "New insights into the phylogeny and evolution of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) by extensive sampling of genes and species".
3187:"The first fossil Microweiseini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from the Eocene of Europe and its significance for the reconstruction of the evolution of ladybird beetles"
8154:
2208:, several species of which are brightly coloured in red and black, and which possibly sequester the toxins of the prey to defend themselves against other predators.
1707:
diet of
Coccinellidae. Aphid-eating evolved three separate times and leaf-eating evolved twice, one of which evolved from a clade that contains both aphid-eating and
7995:
2401:
in wine. As few as 1.3 to 1.5 coccinellids per 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of grapes can affect wine quality when they are present during the wine-making process. The
816:
3111:
Kirejtshuk, A. G.; Nel, A. (2012). "The oldest representatives of the family
Coccinellidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) from the lowermost Eocene Oise amber (France)".
3308:
Magro, A; Lecompte, E; Magné, F; Hemptinne, J. L.; Crouau-Roy, B (2010). "Phylogeny of ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Are the subfamilies monophyletic?".
1648:
8034:
7220:
4193:
738:
cavities (holes where the leg articulates with the thorax) that open from the back in the front of the thorax and from the front in the middle of the thorax
1739:
4784:
Obrycki, J. J.; Harwood, J. D.; Kring, T. J.; O'Neil, R. J. (2009). "Aphidophagy by Coccinellidae: Application of biological control in agroecosystems".
7189:
3191:
2194:
The similarity of coccinellid patterning in red and orange with black markings has led to suggestions that they and some species of chrysomelids form
1984:. Aphid-eaters tend to be generalist; they have a high voracity and can multiply quickly in response to outbreaks, and switch to other prey when the
479:
in tropical regions. Many predatory species lay their eggs near colonies of prey, providing their larvae with a food source. Like most insects, they
8164:
8144:
7969:
850:
8085:
1756:
8008:
2549:
799:
2171:
their toxicity, implying the warning is genuine. Species with more contrast with the background environment tended to be more toxic. Coccinellid
7504:
2352:"substantially successful". This is due to aphid-eating species being fast-breeding, generalist and voracious, and thus difficult to control.
5240:
5213:
4527:
3353:
2899:
2764:
867:
4576:"What constitutes optical warning signals of ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) towards bird predators: colour, pattern or general look?"
2817:
Naturally curious day by day : a photographic field guide and daily visit to the forests, fields, and wetlands of Eastern North America
2285:
and education programs, habitat preservation and restoration, prevention of the spread of invasive species and a global monitoring program.
2129:
5302:
3903:"Specialized predation on plataspid heteropterans in a coccinellid beetle: adaptive behavior and responses of prey attended or not by ants"
4461:
Blount, J. D.; et al. (2012). "How the ladybird got its spots: effects of resource limitation on the honesty of aposematic signals".
640:; adult females tend to be slightly larger than males. They are generally oval with domed backs and flattened undersides. They have large
3663:
4949:
3661:
Perry, Jennifer C.; Roitberg, Bernard D. (October 2005). "Ladybird mothers mitigate offspring starvation risk by laying trophic eggs".
1791:
each with 14,000 sperm, and insert three of them into the female, even though she can only hold 18,000 sperm. This is likely a form of
5190:
2824:
2662:
2736:
2653:
2605:
1971:
1026:
3777:
Weber, D. C.; Lundgren, J. G. (2009). "Assessing the trophic ecology of the Coccinellidae: Their roles as predators and as prey".
1787:. In some species, females appear to be selective in their partners, preferring males of a certain size and colour. Males produce
8106:
7213:
3842:
Hodek, I; Honěk, A (2009). "Scale insects, mealybugs, whiteflies and psyllids (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) as prey of ladybirds".
1046:
7229:
5274:
2097:
656:(front of thorax) is broad and convex, and can cover the back of the head. Being beetles, they have hardened, non-overlapping
7619:
3743:
2078:
8013:
5130:"A ladybird (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) motif in croched towel end lace: the first example of cultural entomology in Latvia"
4544:
2545:
1807:
After hatching, the larvae will begin eating, including the other eggs in their clutch. Certain species lay extra infertile
2241:
as high mountains, arid deserts and cold regions. Several of the most famous species have wide ranges, but others are more
893:
Over 6,000 living species of Coccinellidae have been described. They are sparsely preserved in the fossil record. Although
8021:
7702:
7295:
3418:"Investigation of hindwing folding in ladybird beetles by artificial elytron transplantation and microcomputed tomography"
2148:
1304:
823:
5017:
2374:
964:
156:
1875:
8159:
7878:
7855:
7752:
7206:
4545:"Polymorphic Müllerian mimicry and interactions with thermal melanism in ladybirds and a soldier beetle: a hypothesis"
3140:
Szawaryn, Karol; Szwedo, Jacek (21 May 2018). "Have ladybird beetles and whiteflies co-existed for at least 40 Mya?".
745:
713:
649:
4821:"The History of the Vedalia Beetle Importation to California and its Impact on the Development of Biological Control"
2187:. Coccinellids can produce at least 50 types of alkaloids. When disturbed, ladybirds further defend themselves with
1138:
7948:
7732:
7712:
4402:
Schroeder, F. C.; Smedley, S. R.; Gibbons, L. K.; Farmer, J. J.; Attygalle, A. B.; Eisner, T; Attygalle, J (1998).
3545:
Jeffries, D. L.; Chapman, J; Roy, H. E.; Humphries, S; Harrington, R; Brown, P. M. J.; Lawson Handley, L-J (2013).
2424:
In Christianity, coccinellids have been seen as the literal gatekeepers of Heaven. A Swedish name for the insects,
3547:"Characteristics and drivers of high-altitude ladybird flight: Insights from vertical-looking entomological radar"
1359:
1118:
767:
create darker colours. Other parts of the body also vary in colouration. These colour patterns typically serve as
8039:
7961:
2631:
2077:
bacteria infects eggs and kills male zygotes. The promiscuity of Coccinellids has led to their being affected by
806:
578:
549:
253:
143:
38:
31:
1517:, and that the group diversified rapidly during the Late Cretaceous, perhaps because the growth in diversity of
8139:
7697:
7692:
5295:
5262:
4922:
2841:
2160:
1746:
874:
583:
4609:"Enoclerus Gahan: predators of chemically protected ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Cleridae and Coccinellidae)"
1887:
7599:
7576:
7489:
3068:
2324:
2299:
2198:
particularly to defend them from birds. Despite their chemical defenses, coccinellids are preyed on by some
1075:
840:
511:
8134:
7795:
7664:
4980:
4899:
3113:
1332:
776:
8070:
7757:
7649:
7439:
7434:
7285:
5094:
4820:
3223:
2794:
2521:
2393:
2345:
2119:
1704:
692:
573:
429:
7883:
5090:
4684:
Soares, A. O.; Haelewaters, D; et al. (2022). "A roadmap for ladybird conservation and recovery".
2217:, known as ladybird spiders, have evolved to replicate the patterns of coccinellids. This is a form of
2003:
8098:
4080:"New record of predatory ladybird beetle (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) feeding on extrafloral nectaries"
1498:(single ancestry) of most of these subfamilies. The monophyly of Coccinellinae has the most support.
8111:
8049:
7917:
7842:
7604:
7398:
7385:
6441:
5205:
4793:
4758:
4470:
4415:
4303:
4163:
4124:
3947:
3851:
3786:
3558:
3429:
3362:
3317:
3282:
3232:
3151:
3077:
2908:
2501:
2195:
2041:
1991:
684:
576:("Our Lady") was often depicted wearing a red cloak in early art, and the seven spots of the species
2364:
Cluster of invasive Asian lady beetles inside a farm building after the fall harvest in South Dakota
1863:
1379:
134:
7762:
7707:
7474:
7459:
7343:
6660:
5288:
2402:
2257:
2229:
1502:
1250:
857:
587:
525:
520:
can pose an ecological threat to native coccinellid species. Other threats to coccinellids include
2786:
2635:
1626:
7833:
7280:
4719:
4337:
4151:
4045:
4028:
3739:"Aggregation characteristics of three species of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) at hibernation sites"
3680:
3386:
3248:
3167:
3093:
2331:
931:
507:
339:
151:
4026:
Li, C. S. (1 August 1993). "Review of the Australian Epilachninae (Coleoptera: Coccinelledae)".
280:
8075:
4259:"Spatial variation in food supply, mating behavior, and sexually transmitted disease epidemics"
1277:
8057:
7904:
7484:
7454:
7403:
7393:
7368:
7302:
6929:
6346:
5236:
5219:
5209:
5186:
5072:
4953:
4840:
4711:
4706:
4616:
4523:
4443:
4384:
4376:
4329:
4208:
3996:
3586:
3494:
3457:
3378:
3333:
2924:
2820:
2760:
2732:
2658:
2601:
2484:
2446:
2418:
2336:
2310:
2270:
2168:
1959:
1826:
1792:
1764:
1273:
756:
726:
719:
709:
696:
645:
637:
516:
8000:
4078:
Almeida, Lúcia M.; Corrêa, Geovan H.; Giorgi, José A.; Grossi, Paschoal C. (September 2011).
2044:. Members of the tribe Halyziini of the subfamily Coccinellinae are obligate fungus feeders.
1494:) and 35 tribes based on morphology. However, genetics studies have called into question the
471:. Other species are known to consume non-animal matter, including plants and fungi. They are
8062:
7654:
7536:
7429:
7424:
7290:
7026:
6805:
6800:
6723:
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5497:
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4701:
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3914:
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3794:
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3447:
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3240:
3200:
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3122:
3085:
2916:
2253:
2218:
1726:
1630:
1514:
652:(equivalent to jaws) typically have pairs of "teeth" which face each other. The coccinellid
413:
365:
5129:
4749:
Cottrell, T (2005). "Predation and cannibalism of lady beetle eggs by adult lady beetles".
2360:
2340:. The larva of the species was introduced to California in 1887 from Australia, to protect
2304:
1167:
7589:
6715:
6668:
6513:
6497:
6173:
5933:
5902:
5817:
5735:
5626:
5594:
5012:
4574:
Dolenská, Michaela; Nedvěd, OldřIch; Veselý, Petr; Tesařová, Monika; Fuchs, Roman (2009).
2597:
2316:
2282:
2188:
2047:
Coccinellids of any lifestage are preyed on by predators such as birds, spiders, ants and
1491:
894:
602:. Names in some other countries may be similar; for example, in Germany they are known as
327:
4113:"Nutritional aspects of non-prey foods in the life histories of predaceous Coccinellidae"
3935:
4836:
4797:
4762:
4507:
4474:
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4307:
4167:
4128:
3951:
3855:
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3236:
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3081:
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7956:
7943:
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7671:
7644:
7570:
7444:
7328:
7261:
7118:
7069:
6924:
6731:
6399:
6383:
6322:
6217:
6188:
6116:
6080:
6064:
5980:
5925:
5830:
5727:
5576:
5538:
5518:
5414:
5067:
5040:
4560:
4324:
4292:"Signal honesty and predation risk among a closely related group of aposematic species"
4291:
4041:
3581:
3546:
3452:
3417:
2727:
Majerus, Michael E. N. (2003). "Ladybugs". In Resh, Vincent H.; Cardé, Ring T. (eds.).
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1114:
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948:
673:
521:
480:
311:
238:
7847:
3959:
3270:
1824:
The length of each development stage varies based on climate and between species. For
1553:
705:(internal supports inside the head) with separated branches at the front and no bridge
8128:
7860:
7727:
7272:
7100:
6904:
6895:
6636:
6607:
6599:
6591:
6565:
6540:
6436:
6423:
6362:
6280:
6183:
6178:
6059:
5993:
5948:
5912:
5882:
5835:
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5756:
5672:
5664:
5635:
5473:
4805:
4770:
4723:
4592:
4575:
4491:
4482:
4438:
4403:
4175:
4136:
3863:
3798:
3390:
3294:
3097:
2441:
2377:, a marked increase in the aphid population was followed by a "plague" of the native
2278:
1958:. Since much of their prey are agricultural pests, coccinellids are considered to be
1843:
1788:
1700:
1586:
1475:
1218:
940:
735:
677:
669:
641:
533:
295:
92:
4608:
4341:
4096:
4079:
4049:
3684:
3252:
3171:
1846:. In areas with particularly hot summers, the insects experience summer dormancy or
1603:
636:
Coccinellids range in size from 0.8 to 18 mm (0.03–0.7 in). They are
7659:
7624:
7548:
7318:
7077:
7001:
6747:
6739:
6694:
6678:
6628:
6549:
6505:
6457:
6375:
6288:
6157:
6144:
6124:
6085:
5985:
5972:
5943:
5877:
5865:
5761:
5718:
5701:
5693:
5643:
5481:
5451:
5382:
5371:
5355:
4985:
2867:
2381:; there were many reports of people being bitten as the supply of aphids dwindled.
2060:
2009:
1985:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1355:
1327:
1022:
988:
974:
926:
595:
468:
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303:
287:
276:
228:
7198:
2274:
globally. These invaders outcompete the native species as well as eat their eggs.
452:(warning) colours and patterns, such as red with black spots, that warn potential
7909:
4634:
Raška, J; Pekár, S (2018). "Do ladybird spiders really mimic ladybird beetles?".
4519:
3571:
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7827:
7722:
7553:
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6428:
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6391:
6309:
6301:
6251:
6243:
6201:
6165:
6136:
6108:
6103:
6019:
6014:
6006:
5956:
5892:
5887:
5801:
5766:
5751:
5743:
5659:
5651:
5468:
4647:
4112:
3374:
3329:
2920:
2016:
1981:
1931:
1847:
1808:
1784:
1506:
1246:
768:
683:
As adults, these beetles differ from their closest relatives with the following
472:
460:
67:
5269:
5007:
2787:"common name: ladybirds, ladybird beetles, lady beetles, ladybugs (of Florida)"
475:
breeders, reproducing in spring and summer in temperate regions and during the
7499:
7494:
7351:
7266:
7090:
7051:
7043:
6985:
6848:
6810:
6763:
6755:
6575:
6523:
6407:
6338:
6209:
6193:
6149:
6090:
6054:
6034:
5998:
5907:
5897:
5771:
5505:
5489:
5057:
4404:"Polyazamacrolides from ladybird beetles: ring-size selective oligomerization"
3919:
3902:
3676:
3514:"Dispersal dynamics: Distribution of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)"
3163:
2460:
2261:
1939:
1851:
1780:
1518:
1163:
902:
898:
775:, attract mates or even regulate heat. Several individual species may display
772:
500:
476:
449:
112:
77:
5280:
5223:
4844:
4620:
4428:
4380:
4356:
4212:
4000:
3498:
3479:
7930:
7717:
7333:
7155:
7147:
7139:
7126:
7082:
6881:
6856:
6784:
6612:
6583:
6267:
6098:
6072:
6024:
5938:
5840:
5809:
5781:
5614:
5589:
5584:
5565:
5530:
5419:
5402:
5394:
5343:
5331:
4275:
4258:
3442:
2752:
2204:
2180:
2172:
2073:
2022:
1976:
1963:
1947:
1935:
1927:
1920:
1834:
1599:
1495:
1487:
1300:
1071:
978:
915:
702:
653:
599:
572:
originated in Britain where the insects became known as "Our Lady's birds".
492:
445:
319:
218:
188:
168:
117:
7818:
5076:
4715:
4388:
4333:
3590:
3461:
3382:
3337:
2928:
2428:, means "Keys of Heaven". Jews have referred to the insects as the "Cow of
5257:
4514:. Series Entomologica. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 261–284.
4447:
3991:
3974:
3757:
3738:
3634:
3617:
3530:
3513:
1938:, typically preying on Sternorrhyncha insects like aphids, scale insects,
598:
prefer the names ladybird beetles or lady beetles to avoid confusion with
7891:
7870:
7812:
7614:
7519:
7361:
7356:
7059:
7009:
6953:
6912:
6861:
6518:
6449:
6330:
6042:
5848:
5822:
5680:
5513:
5460:
5439:
5349:
5041:"A Review of Ladybug Taint in Wine: Origins, Prevention, and Remediation"
3973:
Vantaux, Amélie; Roux, Olivier; Magro, Alexandra; Orivel, Jérôme (2012).
2433:
2334:
to areas outside their native range; the first being the vedalia beetle,
2199:
2184:
2176:
2164:
2068:
2064:
2048:
1838:
910:
760:
665:
657:
529:
496:
453:
107:
102:
87:
82:
72:
61:
7775:
1466:
Coccinellidae have historically been divided into up seven subfamilies (
17:
7609:
7565:
7531:
7509:
7464:
6776:
6768:
6620:
6354:
6275:
6259:
4697:
3244:
2242:
1943:
1817:
764:
661:
122:
97:
4895:
4372:
4315:
3089:
7987:
7896:
7543:
7244:
7233:
6367:
6227:
5860:
5337:
5325:
5312:
4194:"Conspicuousness and toxicity of Coccinellidae: An aposematic review"
2406:
2341:
2213:
2167:. A 2015 study of five ladybird species found that their colouration
2102:
2033:
1997:
1813:
1708:
921:
906:
783:
417:
208:
198:
178:
57:
7974:
7789:
4290:
María Arenas, Lina; Walter, Dominic; Stevens, Martin (5 June 2015).
2405:
is an agricultural pest as it primarily feeds on plants, especially
7935:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
8093:
7514:
2657:. Vol. 1 (6 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 441.
2429:
2359:
2303:
2228:
2147:
2052:
1893:
1526:
787:
484:
464:
3737:
Honěk, Alois; Martinková, Zdeňka; Pekár, Stano (3 January 2007).
913:) around 53 million years ago, which belong to the extant genera
7558:
3142:
2570:
2056:
1955:
1951:
1907:
1800:
488:
7793:
7202:
5611:
5562:
5436:
5368:
5284:
3416:
Saito, K; Nomura, S; Yamamoto, S; Niiyama, R; Okabe, Y (2017).
2619:
a beetle of a family (coccinelidae) that includes the ladybirds
2001:
have adapted to grow within ant nests as larvae, and some like
925:. The greatest number of fossils comes from the younger Eocene
2037:
1510:
786:
are elongated with square heads. They are covered in hairs or
741:
Epimeron (corner plates) on the metathorax with parallel edges
510:. Several species have been introduced outside their range as
404:
7922:
5202:
Ecology and Behaviour of the Ladybird Beetles (Coccinellidae)
1521:
plants then encouraged the radiation of insects of the clade
3060:
3058:
2637:
Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem
2264:. Invasive threats include other coccinellids, particularly
503:. Coccinellids migrate between dormancy and breeding sites.
30:"Lady Bug" and "Ladybug" redirect here. For other uses, see
3696:
3694:
1974:. An example of a specialist species is those of the genus
499:
during the winter; tropical species are dormant during the
392:
1711:-eating. The fungi-eating also evolved from aphid-eating.
590:. In the United States, the name was popularly adapted to
374:
3618:"Sexual activity in Coccinellidae (Coleoptera): a review"
1850:; in the tropics, coccinellids enter dormancy during the
398:
383:
5683:(furniture beetles, death watch beetles, spider beetles)
4510:. In Jolivet, P.; Petitpierre, E.; Hsiao, T. H. (eds.).
3975:"Evolutionary Perspectives on Myrmecophily in Ladybirds"
3810:
3808:
2966:
2964:
2962:
5231:
Majerus, M (2016). Roy, H. E.; Brown, P. M. J. (eds.).
2440:
Coccinellids have been popularly featured in poems and
582:(the most common in Europe) were said to represent her
532:, religion and poetry, and are particularly popular in
506:
Species that prey on agricultural pests are considered
5039:
Pickering, Gary J.; Botezatu, Andreea (17 July 2021).
4902:-College of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service
3480:"Long-distance flights in Coccinellidae (Coleoptera)"
901:, the oldest fossils of the group are known from the
389:
380:
377:
371:
368:
5091:"Mexican bean beetle - Epilachna varivestis Mulsant"
4150:
Sutherland, Andrew M.; Parrella, Michael P. (2009).
3271:"The evolution of food preferences in Coccinellidae"
2159:
The bright warning colouration of many coccinellids
2051:. They are also hosts for parasites, including some
1699:
An earlier 2009 study concluded that consumption of
401:
395:
7802:
7743:
7685:
7637:
7588:
7473:
7412:
7384:
7342:
7311:
7254:
7240:
7117:
7068:
7034:
7025:
6903:
6894:
6847:
6822:
6706:
6677:
6574:
6548:
6539:
6321:
6300:
6226:
6033:
5924:
5780:
5726:
5717:
5692:
5634:
5625:
5450:
5200:Hodek, I; Honěk, A; Van Emden, H. F., eds. (2012).
4881:
4869:
4857:
4357:"Review of the Defensive Chemistry of Coccinellids"
3876:
3826:
3648:
3025:
3013:
3001:
2941:
386:
5183:Ecology of Coccinellidae (Series Entomologica, 54)
4152:"Mycophagy in Coccinellidae: Review and synthesis"
3934:Sloggett, John J.; Majerus, Michael E. N. (2000).
2211:As an anti-predator defense, spiders of the genus
939:as well as extinct genera belonging to the tribes
5008:"Could the ladybird plague of 1976 happen again?"
6560:(jewel beetles, or metallic wood-boring beetles)
4894:Potter, Michael F.; Bessin, Ric; Townsend, Lee.
4679:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4408:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4355:Glisan King, Angela; Meinwald, Jerrold (1996).
3422:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2759:(2nd ed.). Pelagic Publishing. p. 1.
2452:
2067:, and pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and
37:"Ladybird" redirects here. For other uses, see
6283:(true weevils, bark beetles, ambrosia beetles)
750:Tube-shaped, siphon-like genitalia in the male
732:Smaller molar (flattened) area of the mandible
7214:
5296:
4896:"Asian Lady Beetle Infestation of Structures"
3264:
3262:
2450:. This has come in several forms, including:
1919:Coccinellids act both as predators, prey and
969:The Coccinellidae are within the superfamily
8:
6526:(ironclad beetles, cylindrical bark beetles)
2780:
2778:
2776:
2640:. Vol. 3. Amand Koenig. pp. 70–75.
2457:Thy house is on fire, thy children all roam,
648:with seven to eleven segments. The powerful
603:
5097:Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
553:
8150:Insects used as insect pest control agents
7790:
7251:
7221:
7207:
7199:
7031:
6900:
6545:
5723:
5631:
5622:
5608:
5559:
5447:
5433:
5365:
5303:
5289:
5281:
4244:
4232:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3724:
3712:
3700:
3403:
2982:
2755:; Brown, Peter M. J.; et al. (2013).
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
973:, which in turn is part of the infraorder
897:estimates have placed their origin in the
668:when the insects are not in flight. Their
133:
47:
7190:List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera
6270:(straight snout weevils, New York weevil)
5066:
5056:
4705:
4636:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
4591:
4580:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
4549:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
4490:
4437:
4427:
4323:
4274:
4095:
3990:
3918:
3756:
3633:
3580:
3570:
3529:
3473:
3471:
3451:
3441:
3204:
3192:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
929:, including members of the extant genera
6697:(cicada beetle, cicada parasite beetles)
4187:
4185:
3478:Hodek, I; Iperti, G; Hodkova, M (1993).
2891:
2889:
779:and even change colour between seasons.
680:(end of leg) has two claws at the tip.
552:in 1807, is derived from the Latin word
428:in the United Kingdom; "lady" refers to
5165:
5153:
5115:
4736:
4660:
4073:
4071:
4062:
4013:
3888:
3837:
3835:
3814:
3603:
3049:
3037:
2970:
2953:
2677:
2550:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
2534:
2472:
2465:Weaving gold laces as fast as she can.
2083:
1856:
1732:
792:
7505:List of crop plants pollinated by bees
6787:(false fireflies, long-lipped beetles)
5128:Barševska, Z.; Barševskis, A. (2016).
2540:
2538:
2498:Ladybird flying over cyclamen, detail,
2482:Card cutout ladybirds for a children's
2007:are predators of the brood of the ant
463:predators, preying on insects such as
5233:A Natural History of Ladybird Beetles
4819:Caltagirone, L E; Doutt, R L (1989).
3354:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
3310:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2900:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2785:Frank, J. Howard; Mizell, Russell F.
1950:. Some species feed on the larvae of
1833:In temperate areas, coccinellids may
528:. These insects have played roles in
7:
8155:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille
8099:B718293D-FFE4-F225-FF0D-FF42BFF8F328
8050:77419912-22a9-4a90-84de-fe1ebc82034d
7962:12fa8b14-660a-4cdc-9ec1-464bd4b5b692
6813:(false metallic wood-boring beetles)
5020:from the original on 16 October 2016
4923:"Ladybird contamination on the rise"
3185:Szawaryn, Karol (29 November 2021).
2731:. Academic Press. pp. 618–622.
2594:The New Oxford Dictionary of English
2368:Coccinellids can also act as pests.
729:(lobes at the end of the mouthparts)
4837:10.1146/annurev.en.34.010189.000245
3664:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
3269:Giorgi, J. A.; et al. (2009).
2459:Except little Nan, who sits on her
1930:. The majority of coccinellids are
1795:. Like other insects, coccinellids
1619:
1592:
1569:
1542:
1532:
1348:
1320:
1293:
1266:
1239:
1211:
1201:
1107:
1100:
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
984:
4979:Wainwright, Martin (17 May 2006).
4707:1854/LU-01H03C9PDA695QF4CYS2M54G5E
4561:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb01635.x
4257:Ryder, J. J.; et al. (2012).
4042:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1993.tb00577.x
2874:. Entomological Society of America
2868:"Common Names of Insects Database"
2848:. University of Illinois Extension
2455:Ladybird, ladybird, fly away home,
2260:and homogenisation and the use of
664:, which cover up the more fragile
25:
4921:Easton, Sally (2 February 2012).
4882:Hodek, Honěk & Van Emden 2012
4870:Hodek, Honěk & Van Emden 2012
4858:Hodek, Honěk & Van Emden 2012
4084:Revista Brasileira de Entomologia
3960:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.890216.x
3877:Hodek, Honěk & Van Emden 2012
3827:Hodek, Honěk & Van Emden 2012
3649:Hodek, Honěk & Van Emden 2012
3026:Hodek, Honěk & Van Emden 2012
3014:Hodek, Honěk & Van Emden 2012
3002:Hodek, Honěk & Van Emden 2012
2942:Hodek, Honěk & Van Emden 2012
2654:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
2323:Coccinellids have been valued in
2252:, agriculture, urbanisation, and
1970:Ladybird species vary in dietary
1529:, on which ladybirds could feed.
763:creates the lighter colours, and
7774:
6424:Perimylopidae, or Promecheilidae
6009:(minute brown scavenger beetles)
5268:
5256:
4806:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.009
4771:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.04.008
4593:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01277.x
4483:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01961.x
4176:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.012
4137:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.016
4029:Australian Journal of Entomology
3864:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.018
3799:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.013
3295:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.019
2819:. Stackpole Books. p. 173.
2509:
2491:
2475:
2248:Threats to coccinellids include
2128:
2110:
2089:
1900:
1886:
1874:
1862:
1755:
1738:
1647:
1629:
1602:
1552:
1378:
1358:
1331:
1303:
1276:
1249:
1222:
1166:
1137:
1117:
1074:
1045:
1025:
866:
849:
832:
815:
798:
364:
155:
8165:Extant Eocene first appearances
8145:Biological pest control beetles
6639:(variegated mud-loving beetles)
4508:"Mimicry and the Chrysomelidae"
4097:10.1590/S0085-56262011005000028
3979:Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
3616:Hodek, I; Ceryngier, P (2000).
2546:"Coccinellidae Latreille, 1807"
2098:Henosepilachna guttatopustulata
2079:sexually transmitted infections
905:of France, dating to the Early
794:Appearance of different species
7620:Home-stored product entomology
5235:. Cambridge University Press.
4111:Lundgren, Jonathan G. (2009).
3744:European Journal of Entomology
3622:European Journal of Entomology
3518:European Journal of Entomology
3487:European Journal of Entomology
2397:are the most common causes of
2161:discourage potential predators
1954:and other beetles, as well as
744:Lines on the second abdominal
269:
51:Ladybird, ladybug, lady beetle
1:
7703:Decline in insect populations
7296:List of insect-inspired songs
6468:(narrow-waisted bark beetles)
6160:(parasitic flat bark beetles)
6111:(short-winged flower beetles)
5967:(lady beetles, or God's cows)
5704:(tooth-necked fungus beetles)
5181:Hodek, I.; Honěk, A. (1996).
4506:Balsbaugh, Edward U. (1988).
2571:"Wikispecies: Microweiseinae"
2101:, an herbivore, feeding on a
1750:, elytra in the open position
824:Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata
672:are relatively short, with a
459:Most coccinellid species are
420:. They are commonly known as
6980:(sand-loving scarab beetles)
6370:(minute tree-fungus beetles)
6196:(silvanid flat bark beetles)
4543:Brakefield, Paul M. (1985).
4520:10.1007/978-94-009-3105-3_16
3572:10.1371/journal.pone.0082278
2840:Johnson, Ken (4 June 2020).
2233:The widespread and invasive
2117:Yellow-shouldered ladybird,
965:List of Coccinellidae genera
722:with non-needle-shaped tips,
491:to adult. Temperate species
7129:(primitive carrion beetles)
7085:(minute mud-loving beetles)
6948:(bumble bee scarab beetles)
6718:(soft-bodied plant beetles)
6689:(soft bodied plant beetles)
5492:(predaceous diving beetles)
4825:Annual Review of Entomology
3375:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107045
3330:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.022
2921:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.015
2308:Biological control: larval
2183:, as well as foul-smelling
8181:
7733:Pesticide toxicity to bees
7713:List of endangered insects
6964:(scavenger scarab beetles)
6956:(enigmatic scarab beetles)
6129:Lamingtonium binnaberrense
5843:(soft-wing flower beetles)
3206:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa180
3127:10.31610/zsr/2012.21.1.131
2330:Several species have been
2297:
2245:and possibly threatened.
962:
568:. The common English name
36:
29:
7771:
7187:
7103:(water scavenger beetles)
6836:Rhinorhipus tamborinensis
6615:(long-toed water beetles)
6508:(polypore fungus beetles)
6410:(palm and flower beetles)
6394:(tumbling flower beetles)
6341:(ant-like flower beetles)
6119:(lined flat bark beetles)
6093:(pleasing fungus beetles)
5988:(handsome fungus beetles)
5621:
5607:
5572:
5558:
5533:(burrowing water beetles)
5446:
5432:
5378:
5364:
5320:
5058:10.3390/molecules26144341
4948:Anonymous (5 July 2001).
4648:10.1093/biolinnean/bly152
4607:Rifkind, Jacques (2016).
3677:10.1007/s00265-005-0947-1
3164:10.1007/s12542-018-0409-5
2379:Coccinella septempunctata
2153:Coccinella septempunctata
1644:
1624:
1617:
1597:
1590:
1574:
1567:
1547:
1540:
1373:
1353:
1346:
1325:
1318:
1298:
1291:
1271:
1264:
1244:
1237:
1216:
1209:
1199:
1161:
1132:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1069:
1040:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
807:Coccinella septempunctata
579:Coccinella septempunctata
345:
338:
266:
261:
152:Scientific classification
150:
144:Coccinella septempunctata
141:
132:
50:
39:Ladybird (disambiguation)
32:Lady Bug (disambiguation)
7698:Colony collapse disorder
7693:Bees and toxic chemicals
7150:(feather-winged beetles)
6484:(false longhorn beetles)
6431:(jugular-horned beetles)
6378:(false darkling beetles)
6349:(cryptic fungus beetles)
6168:(shining flower beetles)
5508:(crawling water beetles)
5407:Sikhotealinia zhiltzovae
5137:Acta Biol. Univ. Daugavp
4950:"Phew, what a scorcher!"
4512:Biology of Chrysomelidae
4429:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13387
4192:Aslam, Muhammad (2020).
2444:, the most famous being
2375:summer of 1976 in the UK
1747:Coccinella transversalis
875:Rhyzobius chrysomeloides
861:, longitudinally striped
844:, whitish spots on brown
444:to avoid confusion with
7600:Insect bites and stings
7577:Drosophila melanogaster
7490:Biological pest control
6631:(forest stream beetles)
6492:(synchroa bark beetles)
6452:(dead log bark beetles)
6444:(fire-coloured beetles)
6333:(ant-like leaf beetles)
6067:(silken fungus beetles)
6001:(well polished beetles)
5975:(minute fungus beetles)
5794:Acanthocnemus nigricans
3920:10.1093/beheco/13.2.154
3443:10.1073/pnas.1620612114
3069:Papers in Palaeontology
2729:Encyclopedia of Insects
2651:Brown, L., ed. (2007).
2325:biological pest control
2300:Biological pest control
2225:Distribution and status
2196:Müllerian mimicry rings
2175:(blood) contains toxic
1799:from egg, to larva, to
841:Vibidia duodecimguttata
827:, black spots on yellow
676:of 4-4-4 or 3-3-3. The
7665:Rats, Lice and History
7142:(round fungus beetles)
6476:(false flower beetles)
6460:(wedge-shaped beetles)
6418:(false blister beetle)
6402:(hairy fungus beetles)
6357:(conifer bark beetles)
6254:(leaf-rolling weevils)
5915:(bark-gnawing beetles)
5675:(wounded-tree beetles)
5541:(false ground beetles)
5463:(trout-stream beetles)
4900:University of Kentucky
4245:Hodek & Honěk 1996
4233:Hodek & Honěk 1996
3725:Hodek & Honěk 1996
3713:Hodek & Honěk 1996
3701:Hodek & Honěk 1996
3404:Hodek & Honěk 1996
3114:Zoosystematica Rossica
2983:Hodek & Honěk 1996
2846:extension.illinois.edu
2815:Holland, Mary (2016).
2468:
2409:, instead of insects.
2365:
2320:
2289:Relationship to humans
2237:
2156:
2010:Wasmannia auropunctata
1881:Eggs (match for scale)
771:, but some can act as
716:(frontoclypeal suture)
604:
554:
550:Pierre André Latreille
456:that they taste bad.
268:(traditional, but see
8071:Paleobiology Database
7650:Alfred Russel Wallace
7435:Entomological warfare
7286:Insects in literature
7054:(false clown beetles)
6876:(plate-thigh beetles)
6758:(false click beetles)
6663:(water-penny beetles)
6312:(ship-timber beetles)
6291:(pine flower weevils)
6139:(root-eating beetles)
5959:(minute bark beetles)
5870:Phloiophilus edwardsi
5397:(reticulated beetles)
5206:John Wiley & Sons
5095:University of Florida
4492:10536/DRO/DU:30047055
4276:10.1093/beheco/ars209
3758:10.14411/eje.2007.008
3635:10.14411/eje.2000.069
3531:10.14411/eje.2008.051
3224:Systematic Entomology
2795:University of Florida
2600:. 1998. p. 351.
2522:Hunter Valley Gardens
2394:Hippodamia convergens
2363:
2346:cottony cushion scale
2307:
2298:Further information:
2268:in North America and
2232:
2202:beetles in the genus
2151:
2120:Apolinus lividigaster
963:Further information:
708:No line dividing the
424:in North America and
7957:Fauna Europaea (new)
7605:Insect sting allergy
7399:Cicadas in mythology
6932:(false stag beetles)
6917:Belohina inexpectata
6779:(net-winged beetles)
6742:(rare click beetles)
6655:(travertine beetles)
6647:(minute mud beetles)
6212:(dry-fungus beetles)
6047:Agapytho foveicollis
5804:(false skin beetles)
5667:(Jacobson's beetles)
5387:Crowsoniella relicta
5265:at Wikimedia Commons
4686:Conservation Biology
2632:Latreille, Pierre A.
2502:Maria Sibylla Merian
2179:, azamacrolides and
1992:Coccinella magnifica
810:, black spots on red
7708:Habitat destruction
7460:Insects in religion
6930:Diphyllostomatidae
6262:(primitive weevils)
6075:(flat bark beetles)
5825:(checkered beetles)
5812:(fruitworm beetles)
5500:(whirligig beetles)
4981:"The great drought"
4927:The Drinks Business
4884:, pp. 492–493.
4872:, pp. 491–492.
4798:2009BiolC..51..244O
4763:2005BiolC..34..159C
4475:2012FuEco..26..334B
4420:1998PNAS...9513387S
4414:(23): 13387–13391.
4308:2015NatSR...511021M
4247:, pp. 349–350.
4235:, pp. 323–350.
4168:2009BiolC..51..284S
4129:2009BiolC..51..294L
4016:, pp. 107–115.
3992:10.1155/2012/591570
3952:2000Oikos..89..345S
3901:Dejean, A. (2002).
3879:, pp. 489–493.
3856:2009BiolC..51..232H
3791:2009BiolC..51..199W
3563:2013PLoSO...882278J
3434:2017PNAS..114.5624S
3367:2021MolPE.15607045C
3322:2010MolPE..54..833M
3287:2009BiolC..51..215G
3237:2015SysEn..40..745R
3156:2018PalZ...92..593S
3082:2020PPal....6..651S
2913:2011MolPE..60..137S
2518:Ladybird! Ladybird!
2447:Ladybird! Ladybird!
2403:Mexican bean beetle
2258:habitat destruction
2163:, warning of their
1715:Biology and ecology
858:Brumoides suturalis
769:warning colouration
526:habitat destruction
8160:Insects in culture
7781:Insects portal
7753:Insects and humans
7281:Arthropods in film
7230:Human interactions
6795:(glowworm beetles)
6500:(darkling beetles)
6347:Archeocrypticidae
6204:(palmetto beetles)
5951:(dry bark beetles)
5738:(longhorn beetles)
4786:Biological Control
4751:Biological Control
4698:10.1111/cobi.13965
4463:Functional Ecology
4296:Scientific Reports
4263:Behavioral Ecology
4156:Biological Control
4117:Biological Control
3907:Behavioral Ecology
3891:, pp. 99–100.
3844:Biological Control
3779:Biological Control
3512:Kěivan, V (2008).
3275:Biological Control
3245:10.1111/syen.12138
2842:"Ladybug, Ladybug"
2791:Featured creatures
2432:our Teacher". The
2366:
2321:
2294:Biological control
2238:
2169:honestly signalled
2157:
1960:beneficial insects
1816:stages with three
1509:appeared some 143
878:, brown, unspotted
757:checkered patterns
687:characteristics:
638:sexually dimorphic
512:biological control
508:beneficial insects
412:) is a widespread
8122:
8121:
8058:Open Tree of Life
7796:Taxon identifiers
7787:
7786:
7676:Insect Literature
7633:
7632:
7532:Carmine/Cochineal
7485:Beneficial insect
7455:Insects in ethics
7404:Scarab (artifact)
7394:Bees in mythology
7303:Insects on stamps
7196:
7195:
7183:
7182:
7179:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7167:
7159:
7158:(carrion beetles)
7151:
7143:
7130:
7104:
7086:
7055:
7047:
7021:
7020:
7013:
7005:
6997:
6989:
6981:
6973:
6965:
6957:
6949:
6941:
6933:
6920:
6890:
6889:
6877:
6869:
6839:
6814:
6796:
6788:
6780:
6772:
6759:
6751:
6743:
6735:
6734:(soldier beetles)
6727:
6724:Brachypsectridae
6719:
6698:
6690:
6664:
6656:
6648:
6640:
6632:
6624:
6616:
6603:
6595:
6587:
6561:
6535:
6534:
6527:
6509:
6501:
6493:
6485:
6482:Stenotrachelidae
6477:
6469:
6461:
6453:
6445:
6432:
6419:
6411:
6403:
6395:
6387:
6386:(blister beetles)
6379:
6371:
6358:
6350:
6342:
6334:
6313:
6292:
6284:
6271:
6263:
6255:
6247:
6237:
6213:
6205:
6197:
6169:
6161:
6153:
6140:
6132:
6120:
6112:
6094:
6076:
6068:
6050:
6010:
6002:
5989:
5976:
5968:
5960:
5952:
5934:Akalyptoischiidae
5916:
5873:
5856:
5844:
5826:
5813:
5805:
5797:
5747:
5739:
5713:
5712:
5705:
5684:
5676:
5668:
5655:
5647:
5603:
5602:
5580:
5554:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5542:
5534:
5526:
5509:
5501:
5493:
5485:
5477:
5464:
5428:
5427:
5410:
5398:
5390:
5261:Media related to
5242:978-1-107-11607-8
5215:978-1-118-22321-5
4954:The Northern Echo
4529:978-94-010-7896-2
4373:10.1021/cr950242v
4316:10.1038/srep11021
3715:, pp. 70–71.
3651:, pp. 58–67.
3428:(22): 5624–5628.
3090:10.1002/spp2.1321
3040:, pp. 36–37.
3016:, pp. 19–20.
2766:978-1-9078-0707-7
2516:Depiction of the
2419:European folklore
2389:C. septempunctata
2370:Harmonia axyridis
2337:Novius cardinalis
2311:Novius cardinalis
2266:C. septempunctata
2235:Harmonia axyridis
2138:larva cannibalism
2136:Harmonia axyridis
2004:Diomus thoracicus
1827:Adalia bipunctata
1804:their lifetime.
1793:sperm competition
1765:Harmonia axyridis
1696:
1695:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1659:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1445:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1390:
1274:Akalyptoischiidae
1188:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1150:
1149:
1087:
1086:
1058:
1057:
727:galea and lacinia
517:Harmonia axyridis
357:
356:
348:Cerasommatidiidae
332:
324:
316:
308:
300:
292:
284:
257:
27:Family of beetles
16:(Redirected from
8172:
8115:
8114:
8102:
8101:
8089:
8088:
8079:
8078:
8066:
8065:
8053:
8052:
8043:
8042:
8030:
8029:
8027:NHMSYS0020151767
8017:
8016:
8004:
8003:
7991:
7990:
7978:
7977:
7965:
7964:
7952:
7951:
7939:
7938:
7926:
7925:
7913:
7912:
7900:
7899:
7887:
7886:
7874:
7873:
7864:
7863:
7851:
7850:
7838:
7837:
7836:
7823:
7822:
7821:
7791:
7779:
7778:
7655:Jean-Henri Fabre
7430:Cricket fighting
7425:Cockroach racing
7291:Insects in music
7252:
7223:
7216:
7209:
7200:
7165:
7157:
7149:
7141:
7128:
7102:
7084:
7053:
7045:
7032:
7027:Staphyliniformia
7011:
7003:
6995:
6987:
6979:
6971:
6963:
6955:
6947:
6939:
6931:
6914:
6901:
6875:
6866:Declinia relicta
6863:
6833:
6812:
6806:Sinopyrophoridae
6801:Rhagophthalmidae
6794:
6786:
6778:
6770:
6757:
6749:
6741:
6733:
6725:
6717:
6716:Artematopodidae
6696:
6688:
6662:
6654:
6646:
6638:
6630:
6623:(riffle beetles)
6622:
6614:
6602:(turtle beetles)
6601:
6593:
6585:
6559:
6546:
6525:
6507:
6499:
6491:
6483:
6475:
6467:
6459:
6451:
6443:
6430:
6417:
6409:
6401:
6393:
6385:
6377:
6369:
6356:
6348:
6340:
6332:
6311:
6290:
6282:
6269:
6261:
6253:
6246:(fungus weevils)
6245:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6218:Tasmosalpingidae
6211:
6203:
6195:
6167:
6159:
6151:
6138:
6126:
6118:
6110:
6092:
6074:
6066:
6044:
6008:
6000:
5987:
5974:
5966:
5958:
5950:
5914:
5867:
5850:
5842:
5824:
5811:
5803:
5791:
5790:Acanthocnemidae
5745:
5737:
5724:
5703:
5682:
5674:
5666:
5653:
5645:
5632:
5623:
5609:
5578:
5560:
5540:
5532:
5520:
5507:
5499:
5491:
5483:
5476:(ground beetles)
5475:
5462:
5448:
5434:
5404:
5396:
5384:
5383:Crowsoniellidae
5366:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5282:
5273:Data related to
5272:
5260:
5246:
5227:
5196:
5169:
5163:
5157:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5134:
5125:
5119:
5113:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5070:
5060:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5016:. 5 March 2016.
5004:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4956:. Archived from
4945:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4891:
4885:
4879:
4873:
4867:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4848:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4746:
4740:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4709:
4681:
4664:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4441:
4431:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4367:(3): 1105–1122.
4361:Chemical Reviews
4352:
4346:
4345:
4327:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4254:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4198:
4189:
4180:
4179:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4075:
4066:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4005:
4004:
3994:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3839:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3803:
3802:
3774:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3689:
3688:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3584:
3574:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3484:
3475:
3466:
3465:
3455:
3445:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3266:
3257:
3256:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3199:(4): 1294–1309.
3182:
3176:
3175:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3062:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2893:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2782:
2771:
2770:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2724:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2542:
2513:
2495:
2479:
2277:As of 2022, the
2254:invasive species
2219:Batesian mimicry
2132:
2114:
2093:
1980:, which feed on
1904:
1890:
1878:
1866:
1762:Full wings of a
1759:
1742:
1651:
1633:
1620:
1606:
1593:
1570:
1556:
1543:
1533:
1515:Early Cretaceous
1382:
1362:
1349:
1335:
1321:
1307:
1294:
1280:
1267:
1253:
1240:
1226:
1212:
1202:
1170:
1141:
1121:
1108:
1101:
1078:
1049:
1029:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
985:
870:
853:
836:
819:
802:
627:
624:
621:
617:
614:
611:
607:
567:
564:
561:
557:
438:ladybird beetles
411:
410:
407:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
330:
322:
314:
306:
298:
290:
279:
252:
160:
159:
137:
127:
64:
54:Temporal range:
48:
21:
8180:
8179:
8175:
8174:
8173:
8171:
8170:
8169:
8140:Beetle families
8125:
8124:
8123:
8118:
8110:
8105:
8097:
8092:
8084:
8082:
8074:
8069:
8061:
8056:
8048:
8046:
8038:
8033:
8025:
8020:
8012:
8007:
7999:
7994:
7986:
7981:
7973:
7968:
7960:
7955:
7947:
7942:
7934:
7929:
7921:
7916:
7908:
7903:
7895:
7890:
7882:
7877:
7869:
7867:
7859:
7854:
7846:
7841:
7832:
7831:
7826:
7817:
7816:
7811:
7798:
7788:
7783:
7773:
7767:
7745:
7739:
7681:
7629:
7591:
7584:
7476:
7469:
7408:
7380:
7338:
7307:
7247:
7242:
7236:
7227:
7197:
7192:
7171:
7113:
7064:
7046:(clown beetles)
7017:
6988:(betsy beetles)
6896:Scarabaeiformia
6886:
6843:
6818:
6750:(click beetles)
6726:(Texas beetles)
6702:
6673:
6669:Ptilodactylidae
6594:(cedar beetles)
6570:
6531:
6514:Trictenotomidae
6400:Mycetophagidae
6317:
6296:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6222:
6174:Phloeostichidae
6125:Lamingtoniidae
6117:Laemophloeidae
6065:Cryptophagidae
6029:
5920:
5903:Thanerocleridae
5866:Phloiophilidae
5853:Metaxina ornata
5818:Chaetosomatidae
5776:
5709:
5688:
5646:(auger beetles)
5627:Bostrichiformia
5617:
5599:
5595:Torridincolidae
5579:(skiff beetles)
5577:Hydroscaphidae
5568:
5546:
5539:Trachypachidae
5484:(tiger beetles)
5442:
5424:
5374:
5360:
5316:
5309:
5253:
5243:
5230:
5216:
5199:
5193:
5180:
5177:
5172:
5164:
5160:
5156:, pp. 3–4.
5152:
5148:
5132:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5118:, pp. 5–7.
5114:
5110:
5100:
5098:
5089:
5088:
5084:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5023:
5021:
5013:BBC News Online
5006:
5005:
5001:
4991:
4989:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4963:
4961:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4932:
4930:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4905:
4903:
4893:
4892:
4888:
4880:
4876:
4868:
4864:
4856:
4852:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4735:
4731:
4683:
4682:
4667:
4659:
4655:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4530:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4243:
4239:
4231:
4227:
4217:
4215:
4196:
4191:
4190:
4183:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4077:
4076:
4069:
4061:
4057:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4012:
4008:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3887:
3883:
3875:
3871:
3841:
3840:
3833:
3825:
3821:
3813:
3806:
3776:
3775:
3766:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3723:
3719:
3711:
3707:
3699:
3692:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3647:
3643:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3602:
3598:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3469:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3402:
3398:
3361:(156): 107045.
3350:
3349:
3345:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3268:
3267:
3260:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3121:(21): 131–144.
3110:
3109:
3105:
3064:
3063:
3056:
3048:
3044:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3012:
3008:
3000:
2989:
2981:
2977:
2969:
2960:
2952:
2948:
2940:
2936:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2851:
2849:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2784:
2783:
2774:
2767:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2726:
2725:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2615:/,kɒksɪ'nɛlɪd/
2608:
2598:Clarendon Press
2592:"coccinellid".
2591:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2514:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2426:Himmelska nycla
2415:
2358:
2317:Icerya purchasi
2302:
2296:
2291:
2283:citizen science
2227:
2189:reflex bleeding
2155:reflex bleeding
2146:
2139:
2133:
2124:
2123:eating an aphid
2115:
2106:
2094:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1896:
1891:
1882:
1879:
1870:
1867:
1776:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1743:
1722:
1717:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1492:Sticholotidinae
1464:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1189:
1180:
1151:
1088:
1059:
967:
961:
895:molecular clock
891:
886:
879:
871:
862:
854:
845:
837:
828:
820:
811:
803:
720:Maxillary palps
695:(holes) on the
634:
625:
622:
619:
615:
612:
609:
565:
562:
559:
542:
367:
363:
328:Sticholotidinae
299:Latreille, 1807
251:
154:
128:
126:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
56:
55:
52:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8178:
8176:
8168:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8127:
8126:
8120:
8119:
8117:
8116:
8103:
8090:
8080:
8067:
8054:
8044:
8031:
8018:
8005:
7992:
7979:
7966:
7953:
7944:Fauna Europaea
7940:
7927:
7914:
7901:
7888:
7875:
7865:
7852:
7839:
7824:
7808:
7806:
7800:
7799:
7794:
7785:
7784:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7766:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7749:
7747:
7741:
7740:
7738:
7737:
7736:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7689:
7687:
7683:
7682:
7680:
7679:
7672:Lafcadio Hearn
7669:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7645:Jan Swammerdam
7641:
7639:
7635:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7596:
7594:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7580:
7571:Model organism
7568:
7563:
7562:
7561:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7540:
7539:
7529:
7528:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7492:
7487:
7481:
7479:
7471:
7470:
7468:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7445:Insect farming
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7416:
7414:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7390:
7388:
7382:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7366:
7365:
7364:
7359:
7348:
7346:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7336:
7331:
7329:Artificial fly
7326:
7321:
7315:
7313:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7300:
7299:
7298:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7277:
7276:
7269:
7262:Insects in art
7258:
7256:
7249:
7238:
7237:
7228:
7226:
7225:
7218:
7211:
7203:
7194:
7193:
7188:
7185:
7184:
7181:
7180:
7177:
7176:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7169:
7166:(rove beetles)
7164:Staphylinidae
7161:
7153:
7145:
7137:
7132:
7123:
7121:
7119:Staphylinoidea
7115:
7114:
7112:
7111:
7106:
7101:Hydrophilidae
7098:
7093:
7088:
7080:
7074:
7072:
7070:Hydrophiloidea
7066:
7065:
7063:
7062:
7057:
7049:
7040:
7038:
7029:
7023:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7016:
7015:
7012:(hide beetles)
7007:
6999:
6996:(rain beetles)
6991:
6983:
6975:
6972:(stag beetles)
6967:
6959:
6951:
6943:
6935:
6927:
6925:Bolboceratidae
6922:
6909:
6907:
6898:
6892:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6871:
6859:
6853:
6851:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6832:Rhinorhipidae
6828:
6826:
6824:Rhinorhipoidea
6820:
6819:
6817:
6816:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6790:
6782:
6774:
6766:
6761:
6753:
6745:
6737:
6729:
6721:
6712:
6710:
6704:
6703:
6701:
6700:
6692:
6683:
6681:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6671:
6666:
6658:
6650:
6642:
6637:Heteroceridae
6634:
6626:
6618:
6610:
6605:
6600:Chelonariidae
6597:
6592:Callirhipidae
6589:
6586:(pill beetles)
6580:
6578:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6563:
6554:
6552:
6543:
6537:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6529:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6503:
6498:Tenebrionidae
6495:
6487:
6479:
6471:
6463:
6455:
6447:
6439:
6434:
6426:
6421:
6413:
6405:
6397:
6389:
6381:
6373:
6365:
6360:
6352:
6344:
6336:
6327:
6325:
6323:Tenebrionoidea
6319:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6306:
6304:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6286:
6281:Curculionidae
6278:
6273:
6265:
6257:
6249:
6240:
6238:
6228:Curculionoidea
6224:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6215:
6207:
6199:
6191:
6189:Protocucujidae
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6163:
6155:
6147:
6142:
6134:
6122:
6114:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6088:
6083:
6081:Cybocephalidae
6078:
6070:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6039:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6004:
5996:
5991:
5983:
5981:Discolomatidae
5978:
5970:
5965:Coccinellidae
5962:
5954:
5949:Bothrideridae
5946:
5941:
5936:
5930:
5928:
5926:Coccinelloidea
5922:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5913:Trogossitidae
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5863:
5858:
5846:
5838:
5833:
5831:Lophocateridae
5828:
5820:
5815:
5807:
5799:
5786:
5784:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5746:(leaf beetles)
5744:Chrysomelidae
5741:
5732:
5730:
5728:Chrysomeloidea
5721:
5715:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5698:
5696:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5678:
5673:Nosodendridae
5670:
5665:Jacobsoniidae
5662:
5657:
5654:(skin beetles)
5649:
5640:
5638:
5629:
5619:
5618:
5612:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5563:
5556:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5536:
5528:
5523:Meru phyllisae
5516:
5511:
5503:
5495:
5487:
5479:
5471:
5466:
5457:
5455:
5444:
5443:
5437:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5415:Micromalthidae
5412:
5400:
5392:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5369:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5352:
5346:
5340:
5334:
5328:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5277:at Wikispecies
5266:
5252:
5251:External links
5249:
5248:
5247:
5241:
5228:
5214:
5197:
5192:978-0792341772
5191:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5158:
5146:
5120:
5108:
5082:
5031:
4999:
4971:
4960:on 4 July 2009
4940:
4913:
4886:
4874:
4862:
4860:, p. 491.
4850:
4811:
4792:(2): 244–254.
4776:
4757:(2): 159–164.
4741:
4729:
4665:
4653:
4642:(1): 168–177.
4626:
4599:
4586:(1): 234–242.
4566:
4555:(3): 243–267.
4535:
4528:
4498:
4469:(2): 334–342.
4453:
4394:
4347:
4282:
4269:(3): 723–729.
4249:
4237:
4225:
4181:
4162:(2): 284–293.
4142:
4123:(2): 294–305.
4103:
4090:(3): 447–450.
4067:
4065:, p. 119.
4055:
4036:(3): 209–224.
4018:
4006:
3965:
3946:(2): 345–359.
3926:
3913:(2): 154–159.
3893:
3881:
3869:
3850:(2): 232–243.
3831:
3829:, p. 490.
3819:
3804:
3785:(2): 199–214.
3764:
3729:
3717:
3705:
3690:
3671:(6): 578–586.
3653:
3641:
3628:(4): 449–456.
3608:
3606:, p. 177.
3596:
3557:(12): e82278.
3537:
3524:(3): 405–409.
3504:
3493:(4): 403–414.
3467:
3408:
3396:
3343:
3316:(3): 833–848.
3300:
3281:(2): 215–231.
3258:
3231:(4): 745–778.
3212:
3177:
3150:(4): 593–603.
3132:
3103:
3076:(4): 651–659.
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2987:
2975:
2958:
2946:
2934:
2907:(1): 137–151.
2885:
2872:www.entsoc.org
2859:
2832:
2826:978-0811714129
2825:
2807:
2772:
2765:
2744:
2737:
2682:
2670:
2664:978-0199231768
2663:
2643:
2623:
2606:
2584:
2562:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2515:
2508:
2506:
2497:
2490:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2453:
2442:nursery rhymes
2414:
2411:
2399:ladybird taint
2357:
2354:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2250:climate change
2226:
2223:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2109:
2107:
2095:
2088:
2086:
2029:Henosepilachna
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1861:
1859:
1844:grass tussocks
1775:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1761:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1737:
1735:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:Monocoryninae
1573:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1550:Microweiseinae
1546:
1541:
1539:
1531:
1523:Sternorrhyncha
1484:Microweiseinae
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1206:Coccinelloidea
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1135:Curculionoidea
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1115:Chrysomeloidea
1111:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1043:Tenebrionoidea
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1000:
998:
993:
991:
983:
971:Coccinelloidea
960:
957:
949:Sticholotidini
890:
889:Fossil history
887:
885:
882:
881:
880:
872:
865:
863:
855:
848:
846:
838:
831:
829:
821:
814:
812:
804:
797:
795:
759:. The pigment
752:
751:
748:
742:
739:
733:
730:
723:
717:
706:
699:
691:Five pairs of
674:tarsal formula
633:
630:
541:
538:
534:nursery rhymes
522:climate change
436:use the names
355:
354:
353:
352:
349:
343:
342:
336:
335:
334:
333:
325:
317:
312:Microweiseinae
309:
301:
293:
285:
264:
263:
259:
258:
246:
242:
241:
239:Coccinelloidea
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
148:
147:
139:
138:
130:
129:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
65:
53:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8177:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8135:Coccinellidae
8133:
8132:
8130:
8113:
8108:
8104:
8100:
8095:
8091:
8087:
8086:coccinellidae
8081:
8077:
8072:
8068:
8064:
8059:
8055:
8051:
8045:
8041:
8036:
8032:
8028:
8023:
8019:
8015:
8010:
8006:
8002:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7984:
7980:
7976:
7971:
7967:
7963:
7958:
7954:
7950:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7932:
7928:
7924:
7919:
7915:
7911:
7906:
7902:
7898:
7893:
7889:
7885:
7880:
7876:
7872:
7866:
7862:
7861:Coccinellidae
7857:
7853:
7849:
7848:Coccinellidae
7844:
7840:
7835:
7834:Coccinellidae
7829:
7825:
7820:
7814:
7810:
7809:
7807:
7805:
7804:Coccinellidae
7801:
7797:
7792:
7782:
7777:
7770:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7742:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7728:Neonicotinoid
7726:
7724:
7721:
7720:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7690:
7688:
7684:
7677:
7673:
7670:
7667:
7666:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7642:
7640:
7636:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7587:
7579:
7578:
7574:
7573:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7560:
7557:
7556:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7538:
7535:
7534:
7533:
7530:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7497:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7482:
7480:
7478:
7472:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7415:
7413:Other aspects
7411:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7387:
7383:
7375:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7367:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7354:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7345:
7341:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7310:
7304:
7301:
7297:
7294:
7293:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7275:
7274:
7273:Musca depicta
7270:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7263:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7253:
7250:
7246:
7239:
7235:
7231:
7224:
7219:
7217:
7212:
7210:
7205:
7204:
7201:
7191:
7186:
7168:
7162:
7160:
7154:
7152:
7146:
7144:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7120:
7116:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7071:
7067:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7052:Sphaeritidae
7050:
7048:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7024:
7014:
7008:
7006:
7002:Scarabaeidae
7000:
6998:
6992:
6990:
6984:
6982:
6976:
6974:
6968:
6966:
6960:
6958:
6952:
6950:
6944:
6942:
6940:(dor beetles)
6936:
6934:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6906:
6905:Scarabaeoidea
6902:
6899:
6897:
6893:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6850:
6846:
6840:
6837:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6825:
6821:
6815:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6791:
6789:
6783:
6781:
6775:
6773:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6754:
6752:
6746:
6744:
6740:Cerophytidae
6738:
6736:
6730:
6728:
6722:
6720:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6709:
6705:
6699:
6695:Rhipiceridae
6693:
6691:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6680:
6676:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6659:
6657:
6651:
6649:
6643:
6641:
6635:
6633:
6629:Eulichadidae
6627:
6625:
6619:
6617:
6611:
6609:
6608:Cneoglossidae
6606:
6604:
6598:
6596:
6590:
6588:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6573:
6567:
6566:Schizopodidae
6564:
6562:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6551:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6541:Elateriformia
6538:
6528:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6506:Tetratomidae
6504:
6502:
6496:
6494:
6488:
6486:
6480:
6478:
6472:
6470:
6464:
6462:
6458:Ripiphoridae
6456:
6454:
6448:
6446:
6442:Pyrochroidae
6440:
6438:
6437:Pterogeniidae
6435:
6433:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6414:
6412:
6406:
6404:
6398:
6396:
6390:
6388:
6382:
6380:
6376:Melandryidae
6374:
6372:
6366:
6364:
6363:Chalcodryidae
6361:
6359:
6353:
6351:
6345:
6343:
6337:
6335:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6320:
6314:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6299:
6293:
6289:Nemonychidae
6287:
6285:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6266:
6264:
6258:
6256:
6250:
6248:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6229:
6225:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6208:
6206:
6200:
6198:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6184:Propalticidae
6182:
6180:
6179:Priasilphidae
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6164:
6162:
6158:Passandridae
6156:
6154:
6152:(sap beetles)
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6123:
6121:
6115:
6113:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6071:
6069:
6063:
6061:
6060:Cavognathidae
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6005:
6003:
5997:
5995:
5994:Eupsilobiidae
5992:
5990:
5986:Endomychidae
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5973:Corylophidae
5971:
5969:
5963:
5961:
5955:
5953:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5917:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5888:Protopeltidae
5886:
5884:
5883:Prionoceridae
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5847:
5845:
5839:
5837:
5836:Mauroniscidae
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5808:
5806:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5779:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5757:Megalopodidae
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5742:
5740:
5736:Cerambycidae
5734:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5706:
5702:Derodontidae
5700:
5699:
5697:
5695:
5694:Derodontoidea
5691:
5685:
5679:
5677:
5671:
5669:
5663:
5661:
5660:Endecatomidae
5658:
5656:
5650:
5648:
5644:Bostrichidae
5642:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5636:Bostrichoidea
5633:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5610:
5606:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5590:Sphaeriusidae
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5575:
5574:
5571:
5567:
5561:
5557:
5543:
5537:
5535:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5504:
5502:
5496:
5494:
5488:
5486:
5482:Cicindelidae
5480:
5478:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5435:
5431:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5401:
5399:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5381:
5380:
5377:
5373:
5367:
5363:
5357:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5314:
5306:
5301:
5299:
5294:
5292:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5276:
5275:Coccinellidae
5271:
5267:
5264:
5263:Coccinellidae
5259:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5244:
5238:
5234:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5198:
5194:
5188:
5184:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5167:
5162:
5159:
5155:
5150:
5147:
5143:(2): 151–154.
5142:
5138:
5131:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5112:
5109:
5096:
5092:
5086:
5083:
5078:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5035:
5032:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5003:
5000:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4975:
4972:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4944:
4941:
4929:. Union Press
4928:
4924:
4917:
4914:
4901:
4897:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4866:
4863:
4859:
4854:
4851:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4815:
4812:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4780:
4777:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4745:
4742:
4739:, p. 71.
4738:
4733:
4730:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4692:(1): e13965.
4691:
4687:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4663:, p. 49.
4662:
4657:
4654:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4630:
4627:
4622:
4618:
4615:(0514): 1–5.
4614:
4613:Insecta Mundi
4610:
4603:
4600:
4594:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4570:
4567:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4539:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4502:
4499:
4493:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4457:
4454:
4449:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4398:
4395:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4351:
4348:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4286:
4283:
4277:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4229:
4226:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4146:
4143:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4107:
4104:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4007:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3969:
3966:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3930:
3927:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3820:
3817:, p. 86.
3816:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3733:
3730:
3727:, p. 71.
3726:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3706:
3703:, p. 70.
3702:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3642:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3538:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3508:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3412:
3409:
3406:, p. 82.
3405:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3347:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3304:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3216:
3213:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3136:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3052:, p. 39.
3051:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3031:
3028:, p. 26.
3027:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2985:, p. 20.
2984:
2979:
2976:
2973:, p. 17.
2972:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2956:, p. 16.
2955:
2950:
2947:
2944:, p. 78.
2943:
2938:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2847:
2843:
2836:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2808:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2753:Roy, Helen E.
2748:
2745:
2740:
2738:0-12-586990-8
2734:
2730:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2647:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2607:0-19-861263-X
2603:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2585:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2362:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2306:
2301:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2279:IUCN Red List
2275:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2236:
2231:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2061:hymenopterans
2058:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2040:, fungi, and
2039:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1915:Trophic roles
1914:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1869:Adults mating
1865:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1789:sperm packets
1786:
1782:
1773:
1768:taking flight
1767:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1701:scale insects
1692:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1646:other tribes
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1587:Coccinellinae
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1537:Coccinellidae
1535:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:Monocoryninae
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1476:Coccinellinae
1473:
1469:
1459:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1441:
1440:
1432:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1376:Coccinellidae
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1219:Bothrideridae
1214:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1003:
997:
996:
990:
987:
986:
982:
980:
976:
972:
966:
958:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
941:Microweiseini
938:
934:
933:
928:
924:
923:
918:
917:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
888:
883:
877:
876:
869:
864:
860:
859:
852:
847:
843:
842:
835:
830:
826:
825:
818:
813:
809:
808:
801:
796:
793:
791:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
749:
747:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
724:
721:
718:
715:
711:
707:
704:
700:
698:
694:
690:
689:
688:
686:
685:morphological
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
642:compound eyes
639:
631:
629:
606:
601:
597:
596:Entomologists
593:
589:
588:seven sorrows
585:
581:
580:
575:
571:
556:
551:
548:, created by
547:
546:Coccinellidae
539:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:scale insects
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:Entomologists
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
409:
361:
360:Coccinellidae
350:
347:
346:
344:
341:
337:
329:
326:
323:Mulsant, 1846
321:
318:
313:
310:
307:Mulsant, 1846
305:
302:
297:
296:Coccinellinae
294:
291:Mulsant, 1846
289:
286:
282:
278:
275:
274:
273:
271:
265:
260:
255:
250:
249:Coccinellidae
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
235:Superfamily:
234:
233:
230:
227:
224:
223:
220:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
158:
153:
149:
146:
145:
140:
136:
131:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
63:
59:
49:
46:
44:
40:
33:
19:
7803:
7758:Insecticides
7675:
7663:
7660:Hans Zinsser
7625:Clothes moth
7575:
7386:In mythology
7319:Fishing bait
7271:
7091:Helophoridae
7083:Georissidae
7078:Epimetopidae
6994:Pleocomidae
6978:Ochodaeidae
6962:Hybosoridae
6946:Glaphyridae
6938:Geotrupidae
6916:
6913:Belohinidae
6874:Eucinetidae
6865:
6862:Decliniidae
6835:
6793:Phengodidae
6732:Cantharidae
6687:Dascillidae
6679:Dascilloidea
6661:Psephenidae
6653:Lutrochidae
6645:Limnichidae
6558:Buprestidae
6550:Buprestoidea
6490:Synchroidae
6474:Scraptiidae
6466:Salpingidae
6429:Prostomidae
6416:Oedemeridae
6392:Mordellidae
6310:Lymexylidae
6302:Lymexyloidea
6252:Attelabidae
6244:Anthribidae
6202:Smicripidae
6166:Phalacridae
6150:Nitidulidae
6145:Myraboliidae
6137:Monotomidae
6128:
6109:Kateretidae
6086:Cyclaxyridae
6046:
6043:Agapythidae
6007:Latridiidae
5964:
5957:Cerylonidae
5944:Anamorphidae
5878:Phycosecidae
5869:
5852:
5849:Metaxinidae
5802:Biphyllidae
5793:
5762:Orsodacnidae
5719:Cucujiformia
5652:Dermestidae
5522:
5461:Amphizoidae
5406:
5386:
5372:Archostemata
5356:Holometabola
5354:Superorder:
5348:Infraclass:
5232:
5201:
5185:. Springer.
5182:
5168:, p. 8.
5166:Majerus 2016
5161:
5154:Majerus 2016
5149:
5140:
5136:
5123:
5116:Majerus 2016
5111:
5099:. Retrieved
5085:
5051:(14): 4341.
5048:
5044:
5034:
5022:. Retrieved
5011:
5002:
4990:. Retrieved
4986:The Guardian
4984:
4974:
4962:. Retrieved
4958:the original
4943:
4931:. Retrieved
4926:
4916:
4904:. Retrieved
4889:
4877:
4865:
4853:
4828:
4824:
4814:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4737:Majerus 2016
4732:
4689:
4685:
4661:Majerus 2016
4656:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4612:
4602:
4583:
4579:
4569:
4552:
4548:
4538:
4511:
4501:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4411:
4407:
4397:
4364:
4360:
4350:
4302:(1): 11021.
4299:
4295:
4285:
4266:
4262:
4252:
4240:
4228:
4216:. Retrieved
4207:(3): 85–91.
4204:
4200:
4159:
4155:
4145:
4120:
4116:
4106:
4087:
4083:
4063:Majerus 2016
4058:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4014:Majerus 2016
4009:
3982:
3978:
3968:
3943:
3939:
3929:
3910:
3906:
3896:
3889:Majerus 2016
3884:
3872:
3847:
3843:
3822:
3815:Majerus 2016
3782:
3778:
3751:(1): 51–56.
3748:
3742:
3732:
3720:
3708:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3644:
3625:
3621:
3611:
3604:Majerus 2016
3599:
3554:
3550:
3540:
3521:
3517:
3507:
3490:
3486:
3425:
3421:
3411:
3399:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3278:
3274:
3228:
3222:
3215:
3196:
3190:
3180:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3073:
3067:
3050:Majerus 2016
3045:
3038:Majerus 2016
3033:
3021:
3009:
3004:, p. 3.
2978:
2971:Majerus 2016
2954:Majerus 2016
2949:
2937:
2904:
2898:
2876:. Retrieved
2871:
2862:
2850:. Retrieved
2845:
2835:
2816:
2810:
2798:. Retrieved
2790:
2756:
2747:
2728:
2680:, p. 2.
2678:Majerus 2016
2673:
2652:
2646:
2636:
2626:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2593:
2587:
2575:. Retrieved
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2517:
2485:nature trail
2469:
2454:
2445:
2439:
2425:
2423:
2416:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2369:
2367:
2350:
2335:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2309:
2276:
2269:
2265:
2247:
2239:
2234:
2212:
2210:
2203:
2193:
2158:
2152:
2135:
2118:
2096:
2072:
2046:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1982:spider mites
1975:
1969:
1918:
1832:
1825:
1822:
1809:trophic eggs
1806:
1783:. Mating is
1777:
1763:
1745:
1723:
1703:is the most
1698:
1645:
1627:Coccinellini
1625:
1598:
1575:
1548:
1536:
1500:
1480:Epilachninae
1472:Coccidulinae
1468:Chilocorinae
1465:
1375:
1374:
1356:Endomychidae
1354:
1328:Corylophidae
1326:
1299:
1272:
1245:
1217:
1162:
1133:
1113:
1070:
1041:
1023:Lymexyloidea
1021:
989:Cucujiformia
975:Cucujiformia
968:
953:Electrolotis
952:
944:
936:
930:
927:Baltic amber
920:
914:
892:
873:
856:
839:
822:
805:
782:Coccinellid
781:
777:polymorphism
753:
682:
644:and clubbed
635:
591:
577:
569:
545:
543:
515:
505:
458:
442:lady beetles
441:
437:
425:
421:
359:
358:
351:Epilachnidae
304:Epilachninae
288:Coccidulinae
277:Chilocorinae
267:
262:Subfamilies
248:
229:Cucujiformia
225:Infraorder:
142:
45:
43:
7983:iNaturalist
7828:Wikispecies
7744:Categories,
7723:Insecticide
7554:Sericulture
7525:Royal jelly
7450:Flea circus
7440:Entomophagy
7374:Cantharidin
7369:Spanish fly
7344:In medicine
7324:Fly fishing
7255:In the arts
7135:Hydraenidae
7109:Spercheidae
7096:Hydrochidae
7060:Synteliidae
7044:Histeridae
7036:Histeroidea
6986:Passalidae
6954:Glaresidae
6811:Throscidae
6771:(fireflies)
6769:Lampyridae
6756:Eucnemidae
6748:Elateridae
6708:Elateroidea
6524:Zopheridae
6408:Mycteridae
6339:Anthicidae
6210:Sphindidae
6194:Silvanidae
6104:Hobartiidae
6091:Erotylidae
6020:Mycetaeidae
6015:Murmidiidae
5999:Euxestidae
5893:Rentoniidae
5767:Oxypeltidae
5752:Disteniidae
5585:Lepiceridae
5514:Hygrobiidae
5506:Haliplidae
5490:Dytiscidae
5469:Aspidytidae
5101:10 December
5024:15 December
4831:(1): 1–16.
2613:coccinellid
2524:, Australia
2385:H. axyridis
2344:trees from
2314:feeding on
2271:H. axyridis
2017:Cannibalism
1972:specificity
1932:carnivorous
1848:aestivation
1785:promiscuous
1507:crown group
1330:and allies
1247:Latridiidae
1221:and allies
660:, known as
632:Description
605:Marienkäfer
473:promiscuous
461:carnivorous
430:mother Mary
331:Weise, 1901
8129:Categories
7763:Pesticides
7500:Bee pollen
7495:Beekeeping
7477:entomology
7420:Biomimicry
7352:Apitherapy
7312:In fishing
7267:Beetlewing
7248:in culture
7156:Silphidae
7148:Ptiliidae
7140:Leiodidae
7127:Agyrtidae
6970:Lucanidae
6849:Scirtoidea
6785:Omethidae
6764:Jurasaidae
6613:Dryopidae
6584:Byrrhidae
6576:Byrrhoidea
6268:Brentidae
6073:Cucujidae
6055:Boganiidae
6035:Cucujoidea
5908:Thymalidae
5898:Rhadalidae
5841:Melyridae
5810:Byturidae
5772:Vesperidae
5681:Ptiniidae
5531:Noteridae
5498:Gyrinidae
5474:Carabidae
5403:Jurodidae
5395:Cupedidae
5342:Subclass:
5332:Arthropoda
5313:Coleoptera
4906:9 December
4218:31 October
4201:Arthropods
2878:20 January
2852:17 January
2800:6 December
2530:References
2413:In culture
2332:introduced
2262:pesticides
2181:polyamines
2173:haemolymph
1940:whiteflies
1858:Life cycle
1852:dry season
1781:wet season
1774:Life cycle
1600:Stethorini
1519:angiosperm
1164:Cucujoidea
979:scavengers
945:Baltosidis
903:Oise amber
899:Cretaceous
773:camouflage
623:ladybeetle
613:Marybeetle
584:seven joys
501:dry season
477:wet season
450:aposematic
315:Leng, 1920
215:Suborder:
209:Coleoptera
189:Arthropoda
7746:templates
7718:Pesticide
7334:Fly tying
7010:Trogidae
7004:(scarabs)
6882:Scirtidae
6857:Clambidae
6450:Pythidae
6384:Meloidae
6331:Aderidae
6234:(weevils)
6099:Helotidae
6025:Teredidae
5939:Alexiidae
5823:Cleridae
5782:Cleroidea
5615:Polyphaga
5613:Suborder
5566:Myxophaga
5564:Suborder
5519:Meruidae
5438:Suborder
5420:Ommatidae
5370:Suborder
5344:Pterygota
5324:Kingdom:
5224:792685088
5045:Molecules
4845:0066-4170
4724:249544157
4621:1942-1354
4381:0009-2665
4213:2224-4255
4001:0033-2615
3499:1210-5759
3391:229693745
3098:225734543
2757:Ladybirds
2520:rhyme in
2205:Enoclerus
2185:pyrazines
2177:alkaloids
2074:Wolbachia
2065:nematodes
2059:, mites,
2049:lacewings
2023:Epilachna
1986:ephemeral
1977:Stethorus
1964:metastudy
1962:. A 2009
1936:predatory
1928:food webs
1921:parasitic
1837:or enter
1835:hibernate
1734:Behaviour
1496:monophyly
1488:Scymninae
1301:Alexiidae
1072:Cleroidea
959:Phylogeny
937:Rhyzobius
932:Serangium
916:Rhyzobius
884:Evolution
703:tentorium
693:spiracles
666:hindwings
658:forewings
654:prothorax
650:mandibles
600:true bugs
555:coccineus
544:The name
540:Etymology
493:hibernate
454:predators
446:true bugs
426:ladybirds
416:of small
320:Scymninae
254:Latreille
219:Polyphaga
175:Kingdom:
169:Eukaryota
7892:BugGuide
7868:BioLib:
7813:Wikidata
7686:Concerns
7638:Pioneers
7615:Woodworm
7520:Propolis
7475:Economic
7362:Melittin
7357:Apitoxin
6777:Lycidae
6621:Elmidae
6519:Ulodidae
6355:Boridae
6260:Belidae
5861:Peltidae
5454:families
5440:Adephaga
5350:Neoptera
5330:Phylum:
5326:Animalia
5315:families
5077:34299616
5018:Archived
4716:35686511
4389:11848782
4342:12356230
4334:26046332
4050:84783346
3685:40491195
3591:24367512
3551:PLOS ONE
3462:28507159
3383:33352317
3338:19903531
3253:55206626
3172:90619916
2929:21426943
2634:(1807).
2434:Cherokee
2356:As pests
2165:toxicity
2069:protozoa
2042:honeydew
1948:adelgids
1944:psyllids
1839:diapause
1525:such as
911:Ypresian
765:melanins
761:carotene
725:Divided
646:antennae
608:meaning
570:ladybird
558:meaning
530:folklore
497:diapause
422:ladybugs
340:Synonyms
245:Family:
185:Phylum:
179:Animalia
165:Domain:
18:Ladybugs
7610:Bed bug
7592:insects
7590:Harmful
7566:Shellac
7510:Beeswax
7465:Jingzhe
7245:insects
7241:Aspects
7234:insects
6368:Ciidae
6276:Caridae
5338:Insecta
5336:Class:
5311:Extant
5175:Sources
5068:8306610
4992:8 April
4964:8 April
4933:21 June
4794:Bibcode
4759:Bibcode
4471:Bibcode
4448:9811809
4416:Bibcode
4325:4457162
4304:Bibcode
4164:Bibcode
4125:Bibcode
3985:: 1–7.
3948:Bibcode
3852:Bibcode
3787:Bibcode
3582:3867359
3559:Bibcode
3453:5465895
3430:Bibcode
3363:Bibcode
3318:Bibcode
3283:Bibcode
3233:Bibcode
3152:Bibcode
3078:Bibcode
2909:Bibcode
2577:9 March
2555:24 July
2504:, 1690s
2407:legumes
2243:endemic
2144:Defense
1797:develop
1727:migrate
1513:in the
746:sternum
714:clypeus
697:abdomen
592:ladybug
563:scarlet
481:develop
418:beetles
281:Mulsant
205:Order:
199:Insecta
195:Class:
62:Present
8112:150712
8063:965942
8047:NZOR:
8014:114329
8001:100973
7936:1COCNF
7819:Q25327
7549:Kermes
7544:Chitin
7537:Polish
5452:Extant
5239:
5222:
5212:
5189:
5075:
5065:
4843:
4722:
4714:
4619:
4526:
4446:
4436:
4387:
4379:
4340:
4332:
4322:
4211:
4048:
3999:
3683:
3589:
3579:
3497:
3460:
3450:
3389:
3381:
3336:
3251:
3170:
3096:
2927:
2823:
2763:
2735:
2661:
2604:
2573:. 2012
2342:citrus
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