897:. Pinker argued that Lakoff's propositions are unsupported, and his prescriptions are a recipe for electoral failure. He wrote that Lakoff was condescending and deplored Lakoff's "shameless caricaturing of beliefs" and his "faith in the power of euphemism." Pinker portrayed Lakoff's arguments as "cognitive relativism, in which mathematics, science, and philosophy are beauty contests between rival frames rather than attempts to characterize the nature of reality." Lakoff wrote a rebuttal to the review, stating that his position on many matters is the exact reverse of what Pinker attributes to him. Lakoff states that he explicitly rejects cognitive relativism, arguing that he is "a realist, both about how the mind works and how the world works. Given that the mind works by frames and metaphors, the challenge is to use such a mind to accurately characterize how the world works."
576:, he argues that very few of the categories used by humans are actually of the black-and-white type amenable to analysis in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions. On the contrary, most categories are supposed to be much more complicated and messy, just like our bodies. "We are neural beings", Lakoff states, "Our brains take their input from the rest of our bodies. What our bodies are like and how they function in the world thus structures the very concepts we can use to think. We cannot think just anything — only what our embodied brains permit."
787:" and has a family structured around a strong, dominant "father" (government), and assumes that the "children" (citizens) need to be disciplined to be made into responsible "adults" (morality, self-financing). Once the "children" are "adults", though, the "father" should not interfere with their lives: the government should stay out of the business of those in society who have proved their responsibility. In contrast, Lakoff argues that liberals place more support in a model of the family, which he calls the "
592:. But Lakoff takes this further to explain why hypotheses built with complex metaphors cannot be directly falsified. Instead, they can only be rejected based on interpretations of empirical observations guided by other complex metaphors. This is what he means when he says that falsifiability itself can never be established by any reasonable method that would not rely ultimately on a shared human bias. The bias he's referring to is the set of conceptual metaphors governing how people interpret observations.
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that we scientifically could possibly tell." This is because the structures of scientific knowledge are not "out there" but rather in our brains, based on the details of our anatomy. Therefore, we cannot "tell" that mathematics is "out there" without relying on conceptual metaphors rooted in our biology. This claim bothers those who believe that there really is a way we could "tell". The falsifiability of this claim is perhaps the central problem in the
791:", based on "nurturant values", where both "mothers" and "fathers" work to keep the essentially good "children" away from "corrupting influences" (pollution, social injustice, poverty, etc.). Lakoff says that most people have a blend of both metaphors applied at different times, and that political speech works primarily by invoking these metaphors and urging the subscription of one over the other.
44:
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answers provides a different filled-out scenario. As the
Persian gulf crisis developed, President Bush tried to justify going to war by the use of such a scenario. At first, he couldn't get his story straight. What happened was that he was using two different sets of metaphorical definitions, which resulted in two different scenarios .
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The most natural way to justify a war on moral grounds is to fit this fairy tale structure to a given situation. This is done by metaphorical definition, that is, by answering the questions: Who is the victim? Who is the villain? Who is the hero? What is the crime? What counts as victory? Each set of
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Lakoff further argues that one of the reasons liberals have had difficulty since the 1980s is that they have not been as aware of their own guiding metaphors, and have too often accepted conservative terminology framed in a way to promote the strict father metaphor. Lakoff insists that liberals must
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Mathematical reviewers have generally been critical of Lakoff and Núñez, pointing to mathematical errors. Lakoff claims that these errors have been corrected in subsequent printings. Although their book attempts a refutation of some of the most widely accepted viewpoints in philosophy of mathematics
579:
Lakoff believes consciousness to be neurally embodied, however he explicitly states that the mechanism is not just neural computation alone. Using the concept of disembodiment, Lakoff supports the physicalist approach to the afterlife. If the soul can not have any of the properties of the body, then
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Although some of Lakoff's research involves questions traditionally pursued by linguists, such as the conditions under which a certain linguistic construction is grammatically viable, he is best known for his reappraisal of the role that metaphors play in the socio-political life of humans. Metaphor
517:
A decision as to the boundary separating syntax and semantics (if there is one) is not a prerequisite for theoretical and descriptive study of syntactic and semantic rules. On the contrary, the problem of delimitation will clearly remain open until these fields are much better understood than they
2017:. (Documents strong parallels between Lakoff's nurturant parent model of progressive thought and psychologist Abraham Maslow's model of the self-actualized individual. Also discusses framing in the context of marketing and sales with the aim of bolstering progressive activists' persuasive skills.)
743:
Lakoff has also claimed that we should remain agnostic about whether math is somehow wrapped up with the very nature of the universe. Early in 2001 Lakoff told the
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): "Mathematics may or may not be out there in the world, but there's no way
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According to Lakoff, even mathematics is subjective to the human species and its cultures: thus "any question of math's being inherent in physical reality is moot, since there is no way to know whether or not it is." By this, he is saying that there is nothing outside of the thought structures we
522:
In response to Lakoff's making the above claim about
Chomsky's view, Chomsky claimed that Lakoff has "virtually no comprehension of the work he is discussing". Despite Lakoff's mischaracterization of Chomsky's view on the matter, their linguistic positions diverge significantly; this rift between
541:
When Lakoff claims the mind is "embodied", he is arguing that almost all of human cognition, up through the most abstract reasoning, depends on and makes use of such concrete and "low-level" facilities as the sensorimotor system and the emotions. Therefore, embodiment is a rejection not only of
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In his words: "Our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of which we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature." According to Lakoff, non-metaphorical thought is possible only when we talk about purely physical reality; the greater the level of abstraction, the more layers of
778:
Lakoff argues that the differences in opinions between liberals and conservatives follow from the fact that they subscribe with different strength to two different central metaphors about the relationship of the state to its citizens. Both, he claims, see governance through metaphors of the
542:
dualism vis-a-vis mind and matter, but also of claims that human reason can be basically understood without reference to the underlying "implementation details". Lakoff offers three complementary but distinct sorts of arguments in favor of embodiment. First, using evidence from
394:
has been seen within the
Western scientific tradition as a purely linguistic construction. The essential thrust of Lakoff's work has been the argument that metaphors are a primarily conceptual construction and are in fact central to the development of thought.
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metaphor are required to express it. People do not notice these metaphors for various reasons, including that some metaphors become 'dead' in the sense that we no longer recognize their origin. Another reason is that we just do not "see" what is "going on".
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and advice for how the field might proceed, they have yet to elicit much of a reaction from philosophers of mathematics themselves. The small community specializing in the psychology of mathematical learning, to which Núñez belongs, is paying attention.
851:. Among his activities with the institute, which concentrates in part on helping liberal candidates and politicians with re-framing political metaphors, Lakoff has given numerous public lectures and written accounts of his message from
760:
Lakoff has publicly expressed some of his political views and his ideas about the conceptual structures that he views as central to understanding the political process. He almost always discusses the former in terms of the latter.
775:". The book is a blend of cognitive science and political analysis. Lakoff makes an attempt to keep his personal views confined to the last third of the book, where he explicitly argues for the superiority of the liberal vision.
564:' analysis of figurative language, he argues that the reasoning we use for such abstract topics as warfare, economics, or morality is somehow rooted in the reasoning we use for such mundane topics as spatial relationships.(see
818:
Lakoff offers advice about how to counteract politicians' lies. He maintains that the act of stating that a lie is false reinforces the lie because it repeats the way the lie is framed. Instead, he recommends what he calls a
492:
is independent of meaning, context, background knowledge, memory, cognitive processing, communicative intent, and every aspect of the body...In working through the details of his early theory, I found quite a few cases where
580:
Lakoff claims it can not feel, perceive, think, be conscious, or have a personality. If this is true, then Lakoff asks what would be the point of the afterlife? Many scientists share the belief that there are problems with
445:
According to Lakoff, the development of thought has been the process of developing better metaphors. He also points out that the application of one domain of knowledge to another offers new perceptions and understandings.
518:
are today. Exactly the same can be said about the boundary separating semantic systems from systems of knowledge and belief. That these seem to interpenetrate in obscure ways has long been noted…."
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are an affliction, something someone would want "relief" from. To use the terms of another metaphoric worldview, Lakoff insists, is to unconsciously support it. Liberals must support linguistic
2211:
2022:
Metaphor in
Languages for Special Purposes: The Function of Conceptual Metaphor in Written Expert Language and Expert-Lay Communication in the Domains of Economics, Medicine and Computing
291:
has found applications in a number of academic disciplines. Applying it to politics, literature, philosophy and mathematics has led Lakoff into territory normally considered basic to
1066:
2005. "The Brain's
Concept: The Role of the Sensory-Motor System in Conceptual Knowledge"-Vittorio Gallese, Università di Parma and George Lakoff University of California, Berkeley
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In intellectual debate, for instance, the underlying metaphor according to Lakoff is usually that argument is war (later revised to "argument is struggle"):
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metaphor for this complex phenomenon. According to him, an individual's experience and attitude towards sociopolitical issues is influenced by being
488:. I had helped work out a lot of the early details of Chomsky's theory of grammar. Noam claimed then — and still does, so far as I can tell — that
833:
Lakoff calls this a "truth sandwich" even though the baloney is in the middle. The position of the lie avoids both primacy and recency effects.
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767:(1996, revisited in 2002) gives book-length consideration to the conceptual metaphors that Lakoff sees as present in the minds of American "
513:
Lakoff's claim that
Chomsky asserts independence between syntax and semantics has been rejected by Chomsky, who holds the following view:
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in the same way that conservatives do if they are going to succeed in appealing to those in the country who share their metaphors.
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Generative
Grammar and Generative Semantics led to fierce, acrimonious debates among linguists that have come to be known as the "
1886:
1817:
1307:
868:
745:
2261:
1600:
2106:
1601:"The Neural Theory of Metaphor, George Lakoff, published in R. Gibbs. 2008 The Metaphor Handbook, Cambridge University Press"
1422:
1972:
867:, self-labeled as "the Essential Guide for Progressives", was published in September 2004 and features a foreword by former
736:, and abandon self-referential attempts to ground the operational components of mathematics in anything other than "meat".
361:
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699:. The basic thesis of "embodied mind" is also traceable to the American contextualist or pragmatist tradition, notably
2216:
2186:
2062:
1181:
2121:
2024:. European University Studies: Series XIV, Anglo-Saxon Language and Literature, 413. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
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1918:
Metaphor, Metonymy, and
Experientialist Philosophy: Challenging Cognitive Semantics (Topics in English Linguistics)
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derive from our embodied minds that we can use to "prove" that mathematics is somehow beyond biology. Lakoff and
330:
2196:
1145:
1088:
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596:
547:
461:
501:. I came up with the beginnings of an alternative theory in 1963 and, along with wonderful collaborators like
1958:
1250:
1232:
998:
The
Political Mind : Why You Can't Understand 21st-Century American Politics with an 18th-Century Brain
2171:
2122:"Thinking of Jackasses: the grand delusions of the Democratic Party", a critical review by Marc Cooper in
931:
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purporting to describe "what exists", to a sufficient degree of rigor to establish a reasonable method of
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477:
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1935:
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because they are manufactured specifically to allow the possibilities of only certain types of opinions.
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772:
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497:, context, and other such factors entered into rules governing the syntactic occurrences of phrases and
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603:, one of the primary proponents of the embodied mind thesis. Lakoff discussed these themes in his 2001
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687:. The work of these writers can be traced back to earlier philosophical writings, most notably in the
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2073:. (Applies Lakoff's work in cognitive science and metaphor to the field of law and legal reasoning.)
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Gulf_Metaphor_1.html "Metaphor and War: The Metaphor System Used to Justify War in the Persian Gulf"
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During that period, I was attempting to unify Chomsky's transformational grammar with formal
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783:. Conservatives would subscribe more strongly and more often to a model that he calls the "
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1408:
1248:—— (February 1968). "Instrumental Adverbs and the Concept of Deep Structure".
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ought therefore to look to the current scientific understanding of the human body as a
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274:, best known for his thesis that people's lives are significantly influenced by the
2035:
1987:. (Calls Lakoff the guiding philosopher behind the "secular progressive movement".)
1001:
982:
672:
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502:
469:
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302:
135:
2093:
University of California, Berkeley department of Linguistics page on George Lakoff
1426:
1685:
Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being
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Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being
2051:
2050:. (discusses Lakoff in regard to the application of his theories on the work of
872:
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administration to justify it. Between 2003 and 2008, Lakoff was involved with a
271:
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Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought
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Philosophy In The Flesh: the Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought
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840:
812:
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656:
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368:'s think tank. The more general theory that elaborated his thesis is known as
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Metaphor and War: The Metaphor System Used to Justify War in the Persian Gulf
1940:
Progressive Logic: Framing A Unified Field Theory of Values For Progressives
928:
The Little Blue Book: The Essential Guide to Thinking and Talking Democratic
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Lakoff began his career as a student and later a teacher of the theory of
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1932:(A critical look at the ideas behind embodiment and conceptual metaphor.)
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863:
communications firm, as a Senior Consultant. One of his political works,
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17:
2136:
George Lakoff Proposes Ballot Measure to End ⅔ Rule in State Legislature
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1198:
Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind
828:
2. Indicate the lie. Avoid amplifying the specific language if possible.
2007:
The Lifelong Activist: How to Change the World Without Losing Your Way
615:. Others who have written about the embodied mind include philosopher
2101:
1097:. University of Chicago Press. 2003 edition contains an 'Afterword'.
780:
556:
489:
376:, from 1972 until his retirement in 2016. He was married to linguist
345:
was obscured or "spun" by the metaphors which were used by the first
1913:. (Focuses on the disputes Lakoff and others have had with Chomsky.)
1278:
How Democrats and Progressives Can Win: Solutions from George Lakoff
913:
Moral Politics: How Liberals and Conservatives Think, Third Edition
1953:
McGlone, M. S. (2001). "Concepts as Metaphors" in Sam Glucksberg,
1071:
Don't Think of an Elephant: Know Your Values and Frame the Debate.
847:, an involvement that follows in part from his recommendations in
808:
485:
1480:"Berkeley author George Lakoff says, 'Don't underestimate Trump'"
1158:
Moral politics : What Conservatives Know that Liberals Don't
865:
Don't Think of an Elephant! Know Your Values and Frame the Debate
2054:
and with respect to his own theory about perception and reality)
550:
simulations, he argues that certain concepts, such as color and
472:. In the late 1960s, however, he joined with others to promote
1942:. La CaCañada Flintridge, CA: The Empathic Science Institute.
830:
3. Return to the truth. Always repeat truths more than lies."
94:
2085:
1800:"Consider Using a 'Truth Sandwich' to Counter Misinformation"
1036:
Thinking Points: Communicating Our American Values and Vision
1017:
Whose Freedom?: The Battle over America's Most Important Idea
826:"1. Start with the truth. The first frame gets the advantage.
728:
ideas are best understood in light of the embodied mind. The
309:" as a central metaphor for such a complex phenomenon as the
215:
1863:
1955:
Understanding Figurative Language: From Metaphors to Idioms
241:
1864:"School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences"
247:
2040:
The Age of Fallibility: Consequences of the War on Terror
1178:
More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor
341:(1991), he argues that the American involvement in the
360:
Lakoff is a member of the scientific committee of the
281:
The conceptual metaphor thesis, introduced in his and
1754:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp.
1723:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp.
752:
based on the human cognitive and scientific process.
372:. Lakoff served as a professor of linguistics at the
259:
250:
244:
1751:
Moral Politics: How Liberals and Conservatives Think
1720:
Moral Politics: How Liberals and Conservatives Think
1454:
Moral Politics: How Liberals and Conservatives Think
1110:
Moral Politics: How Liberals and Conservatives Think
238:
1558:"Philosophy In The Flesh" A Talk With George Lakoff
235:
210:
194:
184:
163:
124:
103:
82:
53:
34:
1831:
1829:
1698:The number sense: How the mind creates mathematics
1528:Lakoff, George; McCawley, Jim; Ross, John Robert.
836:Between 2003 and 2008, Lakoff was involved with a
2212:American consciousness researchers and theorists
1446:
1444:
515:
482:
2112:Gulf_Metaphor_1.html "Metaphor and War" (1991)
1629:"EDGE 3rd Culture: A Talk with George Lakoff"
948:"Why it Matters How We Frame the Environment"
887:wrote an unfavorable review of Lakoff's book
8:
2130:"The Political Mind" a talk by George Lakoff
1662:ed. Anthony Sanford, T & T Clark, 2003.
1457:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
613:The Nature and Limits of Human Understanding
2207:University of California, Berkeley faculty
1853:, rockridgeinstitute.org, 12 October 2006.
42:
31:
2242:21st-century American non-fiction writers
2237:20th-century American non-fiction writers
2147:Biography and summary of Gifford Lectures
554:concepts (e.g. "red" or "over"; see also
2247:Fellows of the Cognitive Science Society
2132:recorded June 28, 2008 in Sacramento, CA
1837:"When cognitive science enters politics"
1055:"A Cognitive Scientist Looks at Daubert"
992:from the original on September 26, 2021.
1359:
748:, a field that attempts to establish a
278:they use to explain complex phenomena.
1493:Lakoff, Robin Tolmach (May 22, 2000).
1404:
1393:
756:Political significance and involvement
1700:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1556:John Brockman (03/09/99), Edge.org,
1425:. Rockridge Institute. Archived from
807:for example, implies explicitly that
466:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
2202:American philosophers of mathematics
266:; born May 24, 1941) is an American
1798:Apperson, Marcia (April 22, 2020).
1779:Lakoff, George (December 1, 2018).
623:), philosopher and neurobiologists
509:, developed it through the sixties.
321:voters as being influenced by the "
305:voters as being influenced by the "
2267:21st-century American male writers
2252:20th-century American male writers
2192:Mathematical cognition researchers
1683:G. Lakoff & R. Núñez. (2000).
1649:Lakoff, G., and M. Johnson, 1999,
1499:. University of California Press.
374:University of California, Berkeley
189:University of California, Berkeley
25:
2257:American male non-fiction writers
1992:Introduction to Discourse Studies
1060:American Journal of Public Health
568:). Finally, based on research in
149:Kathleen Frumkin (current spouse)
2177:Linguists from the United States
2117:"Metaphor and War, Again" (2003)
1887:Conservatives without Conscience
1308:Cognitive science of mathematics
746:cognitive science of mathematics
669:Embodiment and Cognitive Science
231:
1957:. Oxford Psychology Series 36.
1571:Aspects of the Theory of Syntax
1236:. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
1219:. University of Chicago Press.
1161:. University of Chicago Press.
1112:. University of Chicago Press.
915:. University of Chicago Press.
879:Disagreement with Steven Pinker
572:and some investigations in the
476:as an alternative to Chomsky's
1:
1994:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
1608:www.neurohumanitiestudies.eu/
1478:White, Daphne (May 2, 2017).
1202:University of Chicago Press.
926:2012 with Elisabeth Wehling.
480:. In an interview he stated:
27:American linguist (born 1941)
1979:. New York: Broadway Books.
1901:Harris, Randy Allen (1995).
1588:The New York Review of Books
1298:Code word (figure of speech)
720:(2000) argue at length that
681:neuro-linguistic programming
635:(See Varela, Thompson &
364:(IDEAS Foundation), Spain's
353:think tank, the now defunct
2063:University of Chicago Press
2009:. New York: Lantern Books.
1905:. Oxford University Press.
1868:The University of Edinburgh
1182:University of Chicago Press
955:Environmental Communication
2288:
2272:21st-century American Jews
2227:Jewish American scientists
2182:American political writers
2153:, 2001) by Brannon Hancock
2057:Winter, Steven L. (2003).
2020:Richardt, Susanne (2005).
1569:Chomsky, Noam (May 1965).
595:Lakoff is, with coauthors
534:
453:
111:Conceptual metaphor theory
1573:. MIT Press. p. 159.
1323:Framing (social sciences)
1040:Farrar, Straus and Giroux
1021:Farrar, Straus and Giroux
975:10.1080/17524030903529749
730:philosophy of mathematics
206:
156:
41:
2059:A Clearing in the Forest
2005:Rettig, Hillary (2006).
1687:. New York: Basic Books.
1213:1980 with Mark Johnson.
1074:Chelsea Green Publishing
961:(1): 70–81. March 2010.
462:transformational grammar
335:linguistic constructions
1959:Oxford University Press
1748:Lakoff, George (2002).
1717:Lakoff, George (2002).
1666:at giffordlectures.org
1653:, New York: Basic Books
1451:Lakoff, George (2002).
1251:Foundations of Language
871:presidential candidate
859:, the nation's largest
855:In 2008, Lakoff joined
795:cease using terms like
643:), roboticists such as
389:Reappraisal of metaphor
2262:Jewish anthropologists
1916:Haser, Verena (2005).
1884:Dean, John W. (2006),
1818:"Block that Metaphor!"
1530:"Generative Semantics"
1233:Irregularity in Syntax
797:partial birth abortion
789:nurturant parent model
574:philosophy of language
520:
511:
323:nurturant parent model
2151:University of Glasgow
1990:Renkema, Jan (2004).
1505:10.1525/9780520928077
1303:Cognitive linguistics
857:Fenton Communications
693:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
609:University of Glasgow
586:foundation ontologies
562:cognitive linguistics
535:Further information:
454:Further information:
171:Cognitive linguistics
1936:Kelleher, William J.
1903:The Linguistics Wars
1537:www.db-thueringen.de
1333:Language and thought
1328:Invariance principle
1216:Metaphors We Live By
1094:Metaphors We Live By
590:empirical validation
570:cognitive psychology
474:generative semantics
426:His criticisms were
288:Metaphors We Live By
276:conceptual metaphors
227:George Philip Lakoff
58:George Philip Lakoff
2232:Jewish philosophers
1696:Dehaene, S. (1997)
1674:by Brannon Hancock.
1482:. Berkeleyside.com.
1377:The Sixties Project
1318:Embodied philosophy
1313:Conceptual metaphor
967:2010Ecomm...4...70L
845:Rockridge Institute
785:strict father model
750:foundation ontology
734:foundation ontology
691:tradition, such as
661:Thought As A System
566:conceptual metaphor
537:Embodied philosophy
355:Rockridge Institute
307:strict father model
301:, Lakoff described
295:. In his 1996 book
75:Bayonne, New Jersey
2217:Metaphor theorists
2187:Enactive cognition
2138:– video report by
2107:Edge bio of Lakoff
1670:2011-06-14 at the
1063:. 95, no. 1: S114.
327:folk psychological
268:cognitive linguist
143:(divorced)
116:Embodied cognition
90:Indiana University
2222:Framing theorists
1930:978-3-11-018283-5
1922:Mouton de Gruyter
1890:, Viking Penguin
1584:"Chomsky Replies"
1514:978-0-520-92807-7
1225:978-0-226-46801-3
1190:978-0-226-46812-9
1167:978-0-226-46805-1
1118:978-0-226-46771-9
1103:978-0-226-46800-6
1087:2003 (1980) with
1082:978-1-931498-71-5
1048:978-0-374-53090-7
1029:978-0-374-15828-6
1010:978-0-670-01927-4
940:978-1-476-70001-4
921:978-0-226-41129-3
705:Art As Experience
703:in such works as
641:The Embodied Mind
625:Humberto Maturana
478:generative syntax
423:all my arguments.
293:political science
224:
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176:Cognitive science
158:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
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2124:Atlantic Monthly
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2086:Official website
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631:and his student
629:Francisco Varela
605:Gifford Lectures
552:spatial relation
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456:Linguistics wars
450:Linguistics wars
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853:Moral Politics.
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611:, published as
601:Rafael E. Núñez
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1821:New Republic
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1587:
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1431:. Retrieved
1427:the original
1417:
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1380:. Retrieved
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1280:DVD format.
1277:
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1146:Mark Johnson
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1125:Rafael Núñez
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597:Mark Johnson
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544:neuroscience
540:
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507:Jim McCawley
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470:Noam Chomsky
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439:wipe you out
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413:
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378:Robin Lakoff
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303:conservative
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283:Mark Johnson
280:
226:
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185:Institutions
157:
136:Robin Lakoff
68:May 24, 1941
48:Lakoff, 2012
29:
2167:1941 births
2098:Appearances
2061:. Chicago:
2052:Frank Luntz
1847:October 15,
1258:(1): 4–29.
1174:Mark Turner
873:Howard Dean
838:progressive
813:think tanks
711:Mathematics
621:Being There
351:progressive
319:progressive
272:philosopher
2161:Categories
1961:, 90–107.
1631:. Edge.org
1405:|url=
1382:October 4,
1354:References
1172:1989 with
1144:1999 with
1123:2000 with
932:Free Press
869:Democratic
841:think tank
805:Tax relief
801:tax relief
701:John Dewey
657:David Bohm
653:Tom Ziemke
617:Andy Clark
503:"Haj" Ross
468:professor
64:1941-05-24
1542:April 25,
1366:Compare:
1286:315514475
697:Heidegger
679:in their
667:(see his
665:Ray Gibbs
659:(see his
619:(See his
499:morphemes
495:semantics
421:shot down
325:" as the
18:Lakoffian
2038:(2006).
1975:(2006).
1938:(2005).
1668:Archived
1613:March 2,
1433:June 13,
1396:cite web
1371:(1991).
1343:Metonymy
1338:Metaphor
1292:See also
1264:25000311
987:Archived
906:Writings
883:In 2006
769:liberals
437:, he'll
435:strategy
1785:Twitter
1756:415–418
1725:143–176
1664:Summary
1407:value (
983:7254556
963:Bibcode
771:" and "
607:at the
315:liberal
211:Website
145:
141:
125:Spouses
2102:C-SPAN
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2013:
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1403:Check
1284:
1272:Videos
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1195:1987.
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938:
919:
911:2016.
843:, the
781:family
683:, and
557:qualia
490:syntax
331:framed
313:, and
164:Fields
77:, U.S.
1604:(PDF)
1533:(PDF)
1260:JSTOR
990:(PDF)
979:S2CID
951:(PDF)
901:Works
809:taxes
637:Rosch
486:logic
337:. In
311:state
139:
2067:ISBN
2044:ISBN
2026:ISBN
2011:ISBN
1996:ISBN
1981:ISBN
1963:ISBN
1944:ISBN
1926:ISBN
1907:ISBN
1892:ISBN
1849:2006
1760:ISBN
1729:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1637:2013
1615:2024
1544:2024
1509:ISBN
1459:ISBN
1435:2007
1409:help
1384:2018
1282:OCLC
1238:ISBN
1221:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1186:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1114:ISBN
1099:ISBN
1078:ISBN
1044:ISBN
1025:ISBN
1006:ISBN
936:ISBN
917:ISBN
799:and
724:and
695:and
675:and
651:and
627:and
599:and
584:and
546:and
505:and
384:Work
347:Bush
270:and
263:-kof
218:.com
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2100:on
1804:PBS
1501:doi
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663:),
639:'s
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419:He
407:won
405:He
333:in
261:LAY
95:MIT
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2042:.
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1920:,
1866:.
1828:^
1802:.
1783:.
1758:.
1727:.
1606:.
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1535:.
1507:.
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