364:
168:
725:
115:
385:
noted puzzling geological, botanical, and zoological similarities between widely separated areas, and proposed land bridges between appropriate land masses that allowed species to spread between land masses. In geology, the concept was first proposed by
38:
381:
In the late 19th and early 20 centuries, vanished land bridges were an explanation for observed affinities of plants and animals in distant locations. Such scientists as
448:
provided an alternate explanation that did not require land bridges. However the continental drift theory was not widely accepted until the development of
491:
569:
317:
154:
46:
136:
363:
132:
31:
752:
729:
701:
504:
371:, noting similarities of the floras of Australia, New Zealand, and southern South America in his six-volume
125:
707:
74:
377:, published between 1844 and 1859, proposed that land bridges had once existed between these land masses.
757:
461:
225:
657:
622:
382:
368:
94:
452:
in the early 1960s, which more completely explained the motion of continents over geological time.
436:
231:
489:
Webb, S. David (23 August 2006). "The Great
American Biotic Interchange: Patterns and Processes".
747:
673:
557:
508:
352:
286:, a 1,800,000 km area which connected the islands of Southeast Asia at various points during the
256:
648:
Mc Kenzie, D.; Parker, R.L. (1967). "The North
Pacific: an example of tectonics on a sphere".
565:
445:
313:
263:
86:
78:
42:
762:
696:
665:
630:
598:
500:
373:
299:
228:, several land bridges which connected Japan to Russia and Korea at various times in history
211:
392:
Lettres sur les roches du Jura et leur distribution géographique dans les deux hémisphères
700:
449:
331:
90:
661:
626:
175:
and Sunda, land masses that have provided land bridges at various points throughout the
466:
395:
344:
167:
724:
741:
586:
530:
512:
325:
321:
267:
252:
677:
387:
235:
54:
49:, in which animals and plants from the north colonized the south, and vice versa.
287:
277:
189:
176:
172:
114:
613:
Le Pichon, Xavier (15 June 1968). "Sea-floor spreading and continental drift".
590:
244:
219:
634:
307:
283:
271:
248:
239:
193:
82:
17:
203:
197:
398:
and their geographic distribution in the two hemispheres"), 1857–1860.
348:
339:
215:
139: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
98:
66:
62:
669:
65:
or wider land connection between otherwise separate areas, over which
335:
207:
362:
303:
70:
45:
is a land bridge whose appearance 3 million years ago enabled the
37:
36:
108:
222:) as sea levels rose and fell under the effect of ice ages
505:
10.3417/0026-6493(2006)93[245:TGABIP]2.0.CO;2
85:
fall, exposing shallow, previously submerged sections of
316:, whose appearance three million years ago allowed the
426:
from
Central America through Hawaii to Northeast Asia
93:; or occasionally when the sea floor rises due to
524:
522:
206:(aka Beringia), which intermittently connected
280:, between modern-day West Papua and Cape York
8:
484:
482:
77:new lands. A land bridge can be created by
552:
550:
548:
266:, a now-vanished land bridge between the
155:Learn how and when to remove this message
166:
492:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
478:
27:Connection between two land form bodies
702:"Land-Bridges Across the Oceans"
302:(also known as Rama Setu), connecting
576:Chapter 5: "Up-and-Down Landbridges".
7:
591:"Land Bridges or Continental Drift?"
408:from the West Indies to North Africa
401:Hypothesized land bridges included:
247:, a former landmass in the southern
137:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
318:Great American Biotic Interchange
89:; or when new land is created by
47:Great American Biotic Interchange
723:
432:from South America to Antarctica
113:
615:Journal of Geophysical Research
124:needs additional citations for
529:Winkworth, Richard C. (2010).
394:("Letters on the rocks of the
251:which connected the island of
1:
728:The dictionary definition of
32:Land bridge (disambiguation)
414:from Brazil to South Africa
276:Torres Strait land bridge,
779:
29:
562:Mysteries Beneath the Sea
234:, a route that connected
635:10.1029/JB073i012p03661
259:during the last ice age
708:Encyclopedia Americana
531:"Darwin and dispersal"
378:
288:last 2.6 million years
179:
73:are able to cross and
50:
535:Biology International
462:Habitat fragmentation
420:in the North Atlantic
366:
226:Land bridges of Japan
170:
40:
383:Joseph Dalton Hooker
369:Joseph Dalton Hooker
353:Continental Mainland
294:Current land bridges
133:improve this article
95:post-glacial rebound
30:For other uses, see
662:1967Natur.216.1276M
656:(5122): 1276–1280.
627:1968JGR....73.3661L
564:. Apollo Editions.
558:Corliss, William R.
440:in the Indian Ocean
232:De Geer Land Bridge
183:Former land bridges
753:Historical geology
379:
359:Land bridge theory
257:continental Europe
204:Bering Land Bridge
180:
105:Prominent examples
51:
670:10.1038/2161276a0
589:(18 April 1953).
446:continental drift
314:Isthmus of Panama
264:Thule Land Bridge
165:
164:
157:
87:continental shelf
79:marine regression
43:Isthmus of Panama
16:(Redirected from
770:
727:
712:
704:
697:Ernest Ingersoll
682:
681:
645:
639:
638:
610:
604:
603:
595:
583:
577:
575:
554:
543:
542:
526:
517:
516:
486:
374:Flora Antarctica
212:Northern America
160:
153:
149:
146:
140:
117:
109:
21:
778:
777:
773:
772:
771:
769:
768:
767:
738:
737:
720:
715:
695:
691:
689:Further reading
686:
685:
647:
646:
642:
621:(12): 3661–97.
612:
611:
607:
593:
585:
584:
580:
572:
556:
555:
546:
528:
527:
520:
488:
487:
480:
475:
458:
450:plate tectonics
361:
332:Sinai Peninsula
296:
192:, which linked
185:
161:
150:
144:
141:
130:
118:
107:
91:plate tectonics
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
776:
774:
766:
765:
760:
755:
750:
740:
739:
736:
735:
719:
718:External links
716:
714:
713:
692:
690:
687:
684:
683:
640:
605:
587:Holmes, Arthur
578:
571:978-0815203735
570:
544:
518:
499:(2): 245–257.
477:
476:
474:
471:
470:
469:
467:Sea level rise
464:
457:
454:
444:The theory of
442:
441:
433:
427:
421:
415:
409:
360:
357:
356:
355:
345:UK Land Bridge
342:
328:
310:
295:
292:
291:
290:
281:
274:
260:
242:
229:
223:
200:
184:
181:
163:
162:
121:
119:
112:
106:
103:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
775:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
745:
743:
734:at Wiktionary
733:
732:
726:
722:
721:
717:
710:
709:
703:
698:
694:
693:
688:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
644:
641:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
609:
606:
601:
600:
592:
588:
582:
579:
573:
567:
563:
560:(June 1975).
559:
553:
551:
549:
545:
540:
536:
532:
525:
523:
519:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
493:
485:
483:
479:
472:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
455:
453:
451:
447:
439:
438:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
403:
402:
399:
397:
393:
389:
384:
376:
375:
370:
367:The botanist
365:
358:
354:
350:
346:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
327:
326:South America
323:
322:North America
319:
315:
311:
309:
305:
301:
300:Adam's Bridge
298:
297:
293:
289:
285:
282:
279:
275:
273:
269:
268:British Isles
265:
261:
258:
254:
253:Great Britain
250:
246:
243:
241:
237:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
199:
195:
191:
190:Bassian Plain
187:
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
159:
156:
148:
138:
134:
128:
127:
122:This section
120:
116:
111:
110:
104:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
758:Biogeography
730:
706:
653:
649:
643:
618:
614:
608:
597:
581:
561:
538:
534:
496:
490:
443:
435:
429:
424:Archigalenis
423:
417:
411:
406:Archatlantis
405:
400:
391:
388:Jules Marcou
380:
372:
238:to northern
236:Fennoscandia
151:
145:January 2024
142:
131:Please help
126:verification
123:
58:
55:biogeography
52:
731:land bridge
418:Archiboreis
412:Archhelenis
347:connecting
177:Pleistocene
81:, in which
59:land bridge
742:Categories
602:: 669–671.
541:: 139–144.
473:References
430:Archinotis
334:, linking
245:Doggerland
220:North Asia
83:sea levels
18:Landbridge
748:Landforms
513:198152030
308:Sri Lanka
284:Sundaland
272:Greenland
249:North Sea
240:Greenland
194:Australia
97:after an
699:(1920).
456:See also
351:and the
320:between
198:Tasmania
75:colonize
763:Bridges
678:4193218
658:Bibcode
623:Bibcode
437:Lemuria
349:Ireland
340:Eurasia
216:Siberia
214:) with
171:Map of
99:ice age
67:animals
63:isthmus
676:
650:Nature
599:Nature
568:
511:
396:Jura
336:Africa
208:Alaska
71:plants
61:is an
674:S2CID
594:(PDF)
509:S2CID
304:India
278:Sahul
173:Sahul
566:ISBN
338:and
330:The
324:and
312:The
306:and
270:and
262:The
202:The
188:The
69:and
57:, a
41:The
666:doi
654:216
631:doi
501:doi
390:in
255:to
196:to
135:by
53:In
744::
705:.
672:.
664:.
652:.
629:.
619:73
617:.
596:.
547:^
539:47
537:.
533:.
521:^
507:.
497:93
495:.
481:^
101:.
711:.
680:.
668::
660::
637:.
633::
625::
574:.
515:.
503::
218:(
210:(
158:)
152:(
147:)
143:(
129:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
