135:
33:
890:
975:, the Gemeinderat (municipal assembly) of Vienna also serves as the state Landtag. However, the city constitution states that municipal and state affairs are kept separate, and the two bodies hold separate meetings even though their memberships are identical.
274:, as well as certain cities) or to be represented as elector in a college that is entitled to one or more seats. Therefore, the representatives primarily defended class interests, and decisions were based on a class-based electoral system.
266:: it was not intended as an elected reflection of public opinion, but a fixed expression of established power as recognized in formal privileges, including the right to be seated in person (granted to many
699:
455:
566:
in
Swedish until 1919, when Finland adopted its first constitution following the declaration of independence in 1917. Since then, the official term in Swedish has been
309:. The precise composition obviously varied greatly, and could change over time, as the result of privileges granted or lost, entities split or merged, border changes
882:
1102:
530:(districts). The Landtage were accordingly abolished and their functions transferred to the Bezirke governments. The Länder were eventually restored after the
1072:
472:
337:
134:
1009:
1008:. Exceptions are the city of Vienna, which belonged to the Lower Austria Kronland until 1920, and Burgenland, ceded to Austria by the
398:
of the German
Confederation) forced the German states to pass constitutions and implement parliaments called Landstände or Landtage.
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was the only state with a bicameral legislature, with a lower house called the
Landtag, and an upper house called the
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The representatives are elected in general, free, secret and direct ballots according to the principle of
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was enacted, which dissolved all the sitting
Landtage and reconstituted them on the basis of the recent
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was happy to maintain satellite monarchies in most German territories under his control (members of the
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of the states to the central government. Although the states themselves continued in existence, the
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In 1871 the German Empire was founded. All 25 states of the German Empire and Alsace-Lorraine (the "
394:("Deutscher Bund") was founded as successor to the Holy Roman Empire. § 13 of the "Bundesakte" (the
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is the sole national parliament, because
Liechtenstein has no federal structure due to its size.
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642:. After the independence of Estonia and Latvia in 1918, they were ultimately replaced by the
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in 1419 and reconvened on a regular basis until the incorporation of
Livonian lands into the
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In feudal society, the formal class system was reflected in the composition of the
475:" of 30 January 1934 that formally abolished all the Landtage and transferred the
439:(1919 – 1933) all German states had Landtage that were democratically elected by
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serves the function of the state parliament within the federal system - in the
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which represents the state governments in
Federal matters which affect the
511:, each with its own Landtag. Each Landtag was responsible for electing the
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would have less effect in the German-speaking lands, or only much later.
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191:. In addition, the legislature of the Italian autonomous province of
176:
assembly exercising legislative competence in non-federal matters.
1018:'s national bicameral parliament consists of the directly elected
888:
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133:
1047:
443:, and to which the state governments were responsible. After the
700:
List of current minister-presidents of the German federal states
468:
456:
Provisional Law on the
Coordination of the States with the Reich
297:
1030:
parliaments at the federal level. The two chambers meet in the
26:
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in
Swedish until 1906 when it was replaced by the unicameral
409:) all but two states got their constitution and parliaments.
850:("House of Representatives"), adopting the tradition of the
572:, equivalent of the German Reichstag. The Finnish name is
918:), dealing with all matters not explicitly allotted to
678:
for a constitutive federal state (Bundesland). In the
534:, but their Landtage did not convene until after the
291:(Imperial Diet), which mainly comprised most of the
522:In 1952, the Länder were dissolved and replaced by
375:escaped the French 'exporting the revolution', and
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
982:. The largest of the parliamentary groups (called
674:(with a German-speaking majority), a Landtag is a
277:In some of the Imperial States that were known as
857:The national bicameral Parliament comprises the
483:of the Republic was effectively supplanted by a
618:continued to exist as bodies of the Duchies of
883:Distribution of seats in the Austrian Landtage
471:a working majority. This was followed by the "
262:), regardless of their name well described as
168:or other subnational self-governing entity in
1034:, held for the ceremonial swearing-in of the
573:
567:
561:
551:
8:
913:
908:are the unicameral legislatures of the nine
709:
523:
1073:Composition of the German State Parliaments
211:is the small nation's unicameral assembly.
235:(meeting) is derived from the German word
971:(like Berlin) is both a city-state and a
383:), the more democratic principles of the
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
730:(until 1999, the large federal state of
714:), the unicameral legislature is called
630:, and later the Russian Governorates of
281:, the name of such estates assembly was
840:, the legislature since 1951 (then of
560:. Parliament continued using the name
473:Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich
463:election results, which had given the
453:(coordination). On 31 March 1933, the
996:are the democratic successors of the
896:, serves as City Hall and Gemeinderat
401:The first constitution was passed in
138:Floor of the Lower Saxony Landtag in
129:German and Austrian state legislature
7:
1103:Legislatures of country subdivisions
338:Monastic state of the Teutonic Order
55:adding citations to reliable sources
704:In most of the German constitutive
986:in Austria) usually nominates the
811:Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
447:, they embarked on the process of
363:States of the German Confederation
227:(state, country or territory) and
25:
762:Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
752:Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
590:was called by archbishop of Riga
1000:assemblies in the corresponding
293:Princes of the Holy Roman Empire
31:
767:Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate
606:in 1561. Separate Landtags for
248:States of the Holy Roman Empire
42:needs additional citations for
467:and its coalition partner the
199:. Historically, states of the
1:
807:Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
787:Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein
680:Principality of Liechtenstein
431:States of the Weimar Republic
256:' representative assemblies (
723:Landtag of Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
519:of the national parliament.
980:proportional representation
660:Federal Republic of Germany
419:Reichsland ElsaĂź-Lothringen
413:States of the German Empire
243:Historic Landtag assemblies
1129:
880:
696:State Parliament (Germany)
693:
381:Confederation of the Rhine
336:meetings were held in the
586:The first Landtag of the
223:is composed of the words
1108:State politics (Germany)
967:As the Austrian capital
942:Landtag of Upper Austria
937:Landtag of Lower Austria
782:Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt
596:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
536:reunification of Germany
209:Landtag of Liechtenstein
195:is known in German as a
1026:, which represents the
902:Constitution of Austria
827:BĂĽrgerschaft of Hamburg
757:Landtag of Lower Saxony
628:Courland and Semigallia
231:(day). The German word
170:German-speaking nations
1042:Sources and references
914:
897:
822:BĂĽrgerschaft of Bremen
817:(municipal assembly):
742:Landtag of Brandenburg
710:
676:unicameral legislature
588:Livonian Confederation
574:
568:
562:
552:
524:
143:
1113:Federalism in Austria
1093:Federalism in Germany
992:governor. The modern
962:Landtag of Vorarlberg
927:Landtag of Burgenland
892:
877:Austrian legislatures
558:Parliament of Finland
497:original constitution
445:Nazi seizure of power
405:in 1814. Until 1841 (
137:
932:Landtag of Carinthia
801:, the parliamentary
792:Landtag of Thuringia
658:In the contemporary
392:German Confederation
307:Free imperial cities
264:estates of the realm
201:German Confederation
158:legislative assembly
51:improve this article
947:Landtag of Salzburg
772:Landtag of Saarland
690:German legislatures
664:Republic of Austria
654:Modern legislatures
532:Peaceful Revolution
357:PreuĂźischer Landtag
285:, analogous to the
156:) is generally the
1036:Austrian president
1010:Kingdom of Hungary
898:
836:and city state of
728:Landtag of Bavaria
441:universal suffrage
172:. It is usually a
144:
952:Landtag of Styria
910:states of Austria
900:According to the
813:it is called the
777:Landtag of Saxony
592:Johannes Ambundii
513:Chamber of States
322:Prussian Landtage
303:Imperial prelates
203:also established
181:States of Germany
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
1120:
1098:German feudalism
1052:
1032:Federal Assembly
1020:National Council
957:Landtag of Tyrol
917:
852:Prussian Landtag
847:Abgeordnetenhaus
747:Landtag of Hesse
713:
668:Italian Republic
582:Baltic countries
577:
571:
565:
555:
529:
505:federal republic
424:Prussian Landtag
342:Prussian estates
334:Prussian Landtag
270:(knightage) and
219:The German word
187:are governed by
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35:
27:
21:
1128:
1127:
1123:
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1118:
1117:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1068:Diet (assembly)
1059:
1050:
1044:
1024:Federal Council
1006:Austrian Empire
989:Landeshauptmann
894:Rathaus, Vienna
885:
879:
702:
694:Main articles:
692:
670:'s province of
656:
584:
548:Diet of Finland
544:
493:
450:Gleichschaltung
437:Weimar Republic
433:
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365:
332:. Before that,
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254:Imperial States
250:
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166:federated state
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797:In the German
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485:unitary state
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385:Enlightenment
382:
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349:Ducal Prussia
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330:Royal Prussia
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62:Find sources:
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40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
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993:
987:
983:
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973:municipality
966:
915:Bundesländer
905:
899:
886:
870:
856:
845:
844:) is called
831:
815:BĂĽrgerschaft
814:
803:city council
796:
715:
711:Bundesländer
703:
657:
585:
545:
521:
501:East Germany
494:
491:East Germany
460:
454:
448:
434:
422:
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396:constitution
390:In 1815 the
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298:Reichsgrafen
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61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1063:The Estates
1051:(in German)
1002:crown lands
842:West Berlin
809:and in the
799:city states
672:South Tyrol
517:upper house
509:five Länder
477:sovereignty
340:. See also
324:were held:
193:South Tyrol
1087:Categories
1079:References
881:See also:
495:Under its
481:federalism
465:Nazi Party
407:Luxembourg
259:Landstände
174:unicameral
162:parliament
107:April 2009
77:newspapers
1012:in 1921.
867:Bundesrat
863:Bundestag
644:Riigikogu
575:eduskunta
461:Reichstag
355:See also
311:et cetera
288:Reichstag
66:"Landtag"
1057:See also
1028:Landtage
1022:and the
994:Landtage
906:Landtage
865:and the
861:elected
859:directly
666:and the
646:and the
640:Courland
612:Courland
377:Napoleon
272:prelates
205:Landtage
189:Landtage
1016:Austria
1004:of the
998:estates
922:level:
920:federal
832:In the
732:Bavaria
716:Landtag
684:Landtag
636:Estonia
632:Livonia
624:Estonia
620:Livonia
616:Estonia
608:Livonia
604:Denmark
569:riksdag
563:lantdag
553:lantdag
542:Finland
526:Bezirke
435:In the
373:Prussia
369:Austria
317:Prussia
283:Landtag
221:Landtag
197:Landtag
185:Austria
152:(State
149:Landtag
142:in 2007
140:Hanover
91:scholar
969:Vienna
904:, the
871:Länder
838:Berlin
736:Senate
682:, the
662:, the
648:Saeima
600:Sweden
515:, the
503:was a
403:Nassau
268:nobles
233:Tagung
207:. The
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
984:Klubs
507:with
295:plus
164:of a
98:JSTOR
84:books
698:and
638:and
614:and
602:and
546:The
469:DNVP
371:and
305:and
279:Land
225:Land
215:Name
183:and
179:The
154:Diet
70:news
367:As
237:Tag
229:Tag
160:or
53:by
1089::
1038:.
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854:.
718::
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301:,
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