840:
416:
388:
1711:
2762:
458:
2539:
781:, which belonged to the seneschal of Carcassona until 1333 before passing to Toulouse, ceased to belong to Languedoc. At this time, the Duchy of Languedoc and the Spanish Duchy of Gandia (of Osuna) became one under the marriage of the two heirs. Later, Duke of Langeuedoc became Governor of Languedoc and Provence; as of 2024 the title is held by the son of the Late Dutchess of Gandia and Prince Obolensky Arnaud Henry Salas-Perez; though the governor role does not exist anymore, title of Duke of Languedoc et Lavandou still remains.
444:
430:
39:
118:
374:
145:
1194:
130:
2106:
349:
824:
402:
1345:, which kept each their own provincial states until 1789. Languedoc proper was one of the very few provinces of France which had the privilege to decide over tax matters, the kings of France having suppressed the provincial states in most other provinces of the kingdom. This was a special favor from the kings to ensure that an independently spirited region far-away from
1872:
2244:"IdentitĂ© rĂ©gionale et conscience nationale en France et en Allemagne du Moyen Ăge Ă l'Ă©poque moderne". actes du colloque organisĂ© par l'universitĂ© Paris XII â Val-de-Marne, l'Institut universitaire de France et l'Institut historique allemand Ă l'universitĂ© Paris XII et Ă la fondation Singer-Polignac les 6 octobre 1993, 7 octobre 1993 et 8 octobre 1993
758:(towns granted privileges and protection by the king of France in return for providing a contingent of men at arms). In that year, the three entered into a perpetual union, after which their contribution of royal officers was summoned jointly rather than separately for each of the three sénéchaussées.
1794:
The population of the former province of
Languedoc is currently the fastest-growing in France, and also among the fastest-growing in Europe, as an increasing flow of people from northern France and the north of Europe relocating to the sunbelt of Europe, in which Languedoc is located. Growth is
1759:
The territory of the former province shows a stark contrast between some densely populated areas (coastal plains as well as metropolitan area of
Toulouse in the interior) where density is between 150 inhabitants per square kilometre (390 inhabitants/sq mi) (coastal plains) and 300
2120:
Property in the
Languedoc is quite varied and ranges from newly built villas with swimming pools and tennis courts, to old village houses set into the old ramparts of ancient fortified towns. Some of these village houses date back a very long time. A small house in the village of Magalas,
1806:
Population of the coast of
Languedoc as well as the region of Toulouse is rather young, educated, and affluent, whereas in the interior the population tends to be much older, with significantly lower incomes, and with a lower percentage of high school and especially college graduates.
1325:
of
Toulouse could also create case law through its decisions, as well as interpret the law. It was also in charge of registering new royal edicts and laws, and could decide to block them if it found them to be in contravention with the liberties and laws of Languedoc.
1961:
Services are the largest sector of the economy in the region. In particular, government services employ a significant part of the workforce, especially in small towns. Key administrations have been relocated to the region, such as France's
National Meteorology Office
850:
The traditional provinces of the kingdom of France were not formally defined. A province was simply a territory of common traditions and customs, but it had no political organization. Today, when people refer to the old provinces of France, they are referring to the
1863:(only on the Mediterranean coast of Languedoc), fruit, and rice (in some coastal areas). In the hilly and mountainous areas of the interior, sheep and goats are raised for meat and cheese. The coastal area is, naturally, a source of fish and shellfish.
863:
were military regions established by the Crown in the middle of the 16th century; their territories closely matched those of the traditional provinces. However, in some cases, small provinces were merged with a large one into a single
2083:) is one of the most successful in Europe; it regularly competes for the French championship and has won four European titles (1996, 2003, 2005, and 2010) in the ten years of the European championship's existence.
1133:
to also claim that distinction. In the 18th century, the monarchy clearly favored
Montpellier, a city much smaller than Toulouse, with less history, and with fewer autonomous local authorities such as Toulouse's
1803:, which are the two fastest growing metropolitan areas in Europe at the moment. However, the interior of Languedoc is still losing inhabitants, which increases the difference of density that was mentioned.
2060:. The two were Saint-Guilhem-le-DĂ©sert with "one of the finest examples of Romanesque architecture in the region" and Estaing, whose "narrow streets have hardly changed over the centuries".
3000:
2527:
2490:
839:
2132:, has a date of the 13th century carved into its stonework. Being a large area, the type of property available in Languedoc varies a lot, from apartments in beach resorts such as
1072:
The province of
Languedoc covered an area of approximately 42,700 km (16,500 sq mi) in the central part of southern France, roughly the region between the river
2995:
1824:
in France, and is a focus for outside investors. Wines from the
Mediterranean coast of Languedoc are labeled as Languedoc, those from the interior have other labels such as
1162:. In time they had increased their power well beyond military matters, and had become the real administrators and executive power of the province, a trend seen in the other
2505:
2242:
1973:
The area is also a major tourist destination. There exists three types of tourism. First, a massive summer tourism industry on the coast, with huge sea resorts such as
1760:
inhabitants per square kilometre (780 inhabitants/sq mi) (plain of
Toulouse), and the hilly and mountainous interior where density is extremely low, the
879:, a county independent from the kings of France. The County of Toulouse was made up of what would later be called Languedoc, but it also included the province of
2417:
From a fairytale fortress in the Loire to a clifftop stronghold in Provence, these charming, historic villages make perfect bases for exploring rural France
2520:
1317:
of Toulouse was the supreme court of justice for this vast area of France, the court of last resort whose rulings could not be appealed, not even to the
1260:
of Languedoc resided in Montpellier, and they had a sub-delegate in Toulouse. Montpellier was chosen on purpose to diminish the power of Toulouse, whose
1274:
replaced the governors as administrators of Languedoc, but appointed and dismissed at will by the king, they were no threat to the central state in
2481:
Department of HĂ©rault in Languedoc RĂ©gion. All informations to discover HĂ©rault and to book your holidays in Languedoc. Free brochures and lodging.
1349:
would remain faithful to the central state. The States of Languedoc met in many different cities, and for some time they established themselves in
2761:
1190:
became hollow structures, but they still carried a sense of the old provinces, and so their names and limits have remained popular until today.
2513:
2287:
2252:
2009:
1728:
On the traditional territory of the province of Languedoc there live approximately 3,650,000 people (as of 1999 census), 52% of these in the
2927:
2400:
1329:
Finally, for purposes of taxation, Languedoc was ruled by the States of Languedoc, whose jurisdiction included only Languedoc proper (and
60:
3010:
1056:. This decision was probably intentional, to avoid reviving the independently spirited County of Toulouse. In the rest of this article,
1369:
1129:) of France in 1789, it is always marked as such. However, the intricate entanglement of administrations and jurisdictions permitted
2225:
1665:
574:
82:
1170:, governor of Languedoc, even openly rebelled against the king, then was defeated and beheaded in Toulouse in 1632 by the order of
623:
The term Languedoc originated to describe a cultural region that was not necessarily politically unified. After the decline of the
2277:
3015:
1008:(in its entirety), these three provinces being to the northeast of Languedoc. Some people also consider that the region around
795:
1768:
having one of the lowest densities of Europe with only 7.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (19 inhabitants/sq mi).
1360:
For Christian religious purposes, Languedoc was also divided into a certain number of ecclesiastical provinces, including the
696:
followed them in 1271. The remaining feudal enclaves were absorbed progressively up to the beginning of the 16th century; the
617:
2175:
117:
996:
of Languedoc was created in the mid-16th century. In addition to Languedoc proper, it included the three small provinces of
2282:(in French) (first ed.). Geneva and Paris: Droz (published with the help of National Center for Scientific Research).
256:
1365:
2661:
2641:
53:
47:
1710:
2469:
20:
1771:
The five largest metropolitan areas on the territory of the former province of Languedoc are (as of 1999 census):
129:
1383:
989:. After the French conquest the entire county was dismantled, the central part of it being now called Languedoc.
2366:. Toulouse, Ădouard Privat, 1965. In-8o, 363 p., couverture illustrĂ©e. (BibliothĂšque mĂ©ridionale, 2e sĂ©rie, XL.)
1442:
64:
2097:) are held on the coast. Dating from the 11th century, this sport has local leagues and attracts large crowds.
1945:
Elsewhere in the region industries are small and in decline, in particular around the formerly mining areas of
1125:
is often considered the "capital" of Languedoc. On maps (both ancient and modern) showing the provinces (i.e.,
268:
2932:
2360:
1414:
885:
2001:
1691:
1361:
1167:
709:
1825:
1522:
1252:), while the generality of Montpellier, down to the level of the sea, is referred to as Lower Languedoc (
2917:
2786:
1282:
1197:
1115:
713:
689:
609:
237:
774:
697:
605:
2952:
2937:
2676:
2616:
2155:
2072:
1837:
1750:
1729:
1395:
1346:
1275:
1248:
of the generality of Montpellier. The generality of Toulouse is also referred to as Upper Languedoc (
1179:
890:
720:
630:
2457:
2741:
2691:
2671:
2586:
2543:
2170:
2013:
1559:
1267:
1175:
1111:
1097:
728:
649:
634:
566:
188:
2160:
1736:
1473:
1210:
1193:
786:
3005:
2922:
2781:
2561:
2374:
2318:
1988:
Tourism related to history and art is also strong, as the region contains the historic cities of
1916:
1171:
876:
701:
693:
624:
598:
594:
354:
1963:
2611:
2547:
2538:
2283:
2248:
2221:
2024:
1978:
1498:
1025:
856:
791:
645:
601:
570:
543:
723:, which convened for the first time in 1346, shrank progressively, becoming known during the
2974:
2751:
2686:
2080:
1847:(the traditional crop which made the fortune of the landlords and parliamentarians based in
1222:
of Montpellier, the combined territory of the two generalities exactly matching that of the
1028:), although it is most often considered as being part of Languedoc proper. The provinces of
807:
802:
724:
657:
561:
553:
491:
367:
144:
2308:
1278:. By 1789 they were the most important element of the local administration of the kingdom.
765:), later to become known as Languedoc, designated the two bailiwicks of BĂšucaire-NĂźmes and
2967:
2631:
2386:
2330:
1939:
1514:
902:
743:
613:
578:
537:
381:
2049:
Toulouse and Montpellier are also common places for business congresses and conventions.
1934:
on 21 September 2001. It has been decided that chemical industries would be moved out of
652:(1208â1229). This crusade aimed to put an end to what the Catholic Church considered the
2046:) with activities such as boating on the Canal, and walking or cycling on the towpaths.
1820:
Languedoc is a significant producer of wine. Today it produces more than a third of the
790:: Toulouse for Haut-Languedoc, and Montpellier for Bas-Languedoc. This lasted until the
2942:
2656:
2636:
2571:
2293:
2180:
2150:
2005:
1982:
1743:
1581:
1550:
1093:
934:
778:
409:
195:
2105:
1293:
of Paris in the far-away southern territories of the kingdom. The jurisdiction of the
2989:
2696:
2596:
2133:
2039:
1974:
1931:
1852:
1506:
1289:
created outside of Paris by the kings of France in order to be the equivalent of the
2429:
2090:
2086:
2053:
2020:
823:
2806:
2711:
1174:. The kings of France became fearful of the power of the governors, so after King
585:. It had an area of approximately 42,700 square kilometers (16,500 square miles).
2019:
More recently, "green" and sports tourism is on the rise, with the gorges of the
1266:
was very influential, and which symbolized the old spirit of independence of the
921:), both to the northwest of Languedoc. At some times it included the province of
2861:
2856:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2811:
2626:
2601:
2484:
2145:
2068:
2028:
1993:
1989:
1912:
1876:
1829:
1800:
1776:
1761:
1715:
1632:
1406:
1354:
1334:
1159:
1139:
1130:
1089:
997:
966:
938:
766:
761:
Towards the end of 14th century, the term "country of the three seneschalties" (
747:
673:
641:
437:
169:
734:
The year 1359 marked a turning point in the history of the province. The three
644:
challenged the area's spiritual beliefs, and the region became attached to the
2896:
2736:
2122:
2071:
is the "national" sport in Languedoc, unlike most other parts of France where
2043:
1833:
1784:
1598:
1456:
1426:
1350:
1151:
982:
677:
451:
2491:
Atlas historique de la province de Languedoc, de l'Ă©poque romaine Ă nos jours
2947:
2821:
2816:
2701:
2566:
2165:
2089:
and other bull-related events are popular in the eastern part of Languedoc.
2032:
1900:
1884:
1330:
1262:
1228:
1013:
735:
665:
653:
226:
214:
27:
1871:
1765:
1434:
950:
423:
1380:
Between 1956 and 2016, the province of Languedoc was divided between four
2901:
2886:
2876:
2866:
2746:
2731:
2706:
2681:
2606:
2591:
2076:
1997:
1967:
1935:
1927:
1904:
1880:
1848:
1796:
1780:
1772:
1615:
1568:
1544:
1484:
1342:
1302:
1201:
1155:
1122:
1077:
1073:
1053:
1037:
1033:
1005:
986:
970:
906:
843:
770:
751:
685:
582:
548:
157:
2042:
combines history (for example viewing the nine locks of Fonseranes near
831:
of Languedoc (including GĂ©vaudan, Velay, and Vivarais) among the former
637:. He visited the region in 1214 seeking the restoration of those lands.
2851:
2791:
2776:
2721:
2651:
2646:
2621:
2114:
1950:
1946:
1920:
1788:
1720:
1572:
1310:
1236:
responsible for both generalities, and he was often referred to as the
1085:
1081:
1049:
922:
918:
705:
500:
395:
164:
2871:
2826:
2796:
2726:
2716:
2576:
2279:
Société politique, noblesse et couronne sous Jean le Bon et Charles V
1892:
1536:
1306:
1029:
880:
476:
1281:
For judicial and legislative matters, Languedoc was overseen by the
1204:, displaying the typical pink brick architecture of Upper Languedoc.
2478:
2962:
2957:
2891:
2881:
2831:
2801:
2581:
2502:
history, geography, climate, cities, towns and historic monuments.
2463:
2104:
2056:'s travel section included two Languedoc locations in its list of
1870:
1860:
1856:
1844:
1821:
1718:
area in the thinly-populated interior of Languedoc: plateaus (the
1709:
1338:
1240:
of Languedoc, even though technically speaking he was in fact the
1192:
1001:
954:
838:
822:
661:
1930:, which has been quite battered since the terrible explosion of
1896:
1430:
1422:
1009:
681:
669:
608:
between 719 and 759, it was conquered and incorporated into the
2509:
1908:
1353:, but in the 18th century they were relocated definitively to
1285:, founded in the middle of the 15th century. It was the first
32:
627:
political rule fragmented into small territorial divisions.
2499:
569:. Most of its territory is now contained in the modern-day
509:
1208:
For administrative purposes, Languedoc was divided in two
1166:
of France, but particularly acute in Languedoc, where the
798:
for the whole of Languedoc, with its seat in Montpellier.
794:
in 1789. From the 17th century onward, there was only one
521:
2487:
including regional overview and main tourist attractions.
1996:, countless Roman monuments (such as the Roman arenas in
1650:
In 2016, the French regions were reduced in number, with
1637:, which accounted for 11% of the territory of the modern
1467:), a province which was never part of historic Languedoc.
503:
1549:(of which was talked above), as well as the province of
664:. As part of this process, the former principalities of
1859:(the new and nowadays most common crop in the region),
1297:
of Toulouse included the whole of the territory of the
872:
are not exactly the same as the traditional provinces.
719:
The territory falling within the jurisdiction of the
524:
494:
1567:
in the Middle Ages), several small provinces of the
518:
497:
2910:
2769:
2554:
1301:of Languedoc, but it also included the province of
1182:and were forbidden to enter the territory of their
515:
472:
304:
294:
282:
262:
250:
236:
220:
208:
194:
182:
175:
163:
153:
99:
1232:, but in the case of Languedoc there was only one
2430:"Bull Running and Bull Fighting in the Languedoc"
1942:and bio-tech R&D will be opened on the site.
1879:at the "A380 Reveal" event on 18 January 2005 in
1795:particularly strong in the metropolitan areas of
1226:of Languedoc. At the head of a generality was an
1603:, which accounted for 12.7% of the territory of
1447:, which accounted for 86.5% of the territory of
1926:There is also a significant chemical sector in
1623:, covering the central and eastern part of the
2004:churches, and old castles (such as the ruined
1527:, which account for 23.4% of the territory of
149:Location of Languedoc in France (1789 borders)
3001:States and territories disestablished in 1791
2521:
2485:An introduction to the Languedoc for tourists
2401:"20 of the most beautiful villages in France"
2369:(in French). Vol. 125. pp. 285â295.
1154:, near to the Mediterranean coast, away from
8:
2136:to isolated bastides in the rural interior.
2126:
2027:, as well as the vast preserved expanses of
1697:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1638:
1630:
1624:
1613:
1604:
1596:
1590:
1579:
1561:
1552:
1542:
1534:
1528:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1490:
1482:
1471:
1462:
1454:
1448:
1440:
1420:
1412:
1404:
1393:
1381:
1018:
975:
959:
943:
937:) to the west of Languedoc, the province of
927:
911:
895:
2058:20 of the most beautiful villages in France
784:In 1542, the province was divided into two
633:lost his holdings in northern Languedoc to
2996:States and territories established in 1229
2528:
2514:
2506:
2247:(first ed.). Sigmaringen: Thorbecke.
2241:Rainer Babedl, Jean-Marie Moeglin (1997).
1696:, with just under a fifth of the historic
1357:, where they met once a year, until 1789.
143:
96:
1470:24.8% of its former territory lay in the
1392:55.5% of its former territory lay in the
957:(now the central and eastern part of the
83:Learn how and when to remove this message
2218:God's War: A New History of the Crusades
1907:; high-tech, electronics, and computer (
1044:of Languedoc. They were attached to the
969:), the southern part of the province of
875:Historically, the region was called the
46:This article includes a list of general
2460:Official Tourism Website for the Region
2193:
174:
162:
152:
2382:
2372:
2326:
2316:
2183:, scholar of the Languedocien language
1150:The governors of Languedoc resided in
547:
1519:, and the northwest and northeast of
1178:(the Sun King) they had to reside in
985:), and even all the northern half of
660:to extend its influence south of the
560:
536:
321:
317:
303:
293:
289:
261:
249:
245:
235:
219:
207:
203:
193:
181:
7:
1903:, etc.), and bio-tech industries in
855:as they existed in 1789, before the
1012:was a traditional province, called
2458:Languedoc-Roussillon Tourist Board
1670:, containing over 80% of historic
1533:. The remaining 76.6% was made of
1244:of the generality of Toulouse and
52:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2479:The HĂ©rault tourist board website
2346:The States of Languedoc at 15th c
2276:Raymond Cazelles (January 1982).
1851:, and for whose trade the famous
1503:, as well as the eastern half of
1040:, were not incorporated into the
602:from the 5th to the 8th centuries
2760:
2537:
2313:. Vol. 3. pp. 190â195.
1938:, and a large campus devoted to
1714:Typical view of the mountainous
1558:(which had been a vassal of the
1060:refers to the territory of this
490:
456:
442:
428:
414:
400:
386:
372:
347:
128:
116:
37:
1953:in the interior of the region.
1571:mountains, and a large part of
1376:Modern administrative divisions
1088:), extending northwards to the
773:(Toulouse), retained under the
2176:List of governors of Languedoc
1068:Area and location of Languedoc
1036:, despite their old ties with
973:(now the southern part of the
269:Louis Antoine de Gontaut-Biron
1:
2472:Official Site of the RĂ©gion.
2216:Tyerman, Christopher (2007).
925:(now the eastern half of the
893:and the northern half of the
846:(1650), capital of Languedoc.
805:was spoken came to be called
16:Historical province of France
2500:The Languedoc and Roussillon
2464:The Canal du Midi at BĂ©ziers
2364:Les Ătats de Languedoc au XV
2348:. Toulouse: Ăditions Privat.
1883:, home base of the European
1146:Old administrative divisions
801:Part of the territory where
763:pays des trois sénéchaussées
2911:Foreign territories in 1789
2770:Minor provinces and regions
2493:, by Ălie PĂ©laquier, CNRS.
1915:; pharmaceutical industry (
1439:, and the extreme-north of
688:) were integrated into the
3034:
3011:Former provinces of France
2310:Sur une province française
2012:, testimony of the bloody
1966:) relocated from Paris to
1305:, most of the province of
769:, and the eastern part of
604:. Occupied briefly by the
306:âą Province dissolved
25:
21:Languedoc (disambiguation)
18:
2758:
2201:Streissguth, Tom (2009).
1724:) with deep river canyons
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1639:
1631:
1614:
1605:
1597:
1580:
1562:
1553:
1543:
1535:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1483:
1472:
1463:
1455:
1453:. The remaining 13.5% is
1449:
1441:
1421:
1405:
1394:
1052:and its far-away capital
640:In the 13th century, the
326:
322:
318:
314:
290:
278:
274:
246:
232:
204:
142:
112:
107:
2470:The Languedoc-Roussillon
2466:Official BĂ©ziers Website
257:Louis Auguste de Bourbon
102:Gouvernment de Languedoc
26:Not to be confused with
1366:archdiocese of Narbonne
1362:archdiocese of Toulouse
710:Lordship of Montpellier
581:. Its capital city was
100:Government of Languedoc
67:more precise citations.
3016:Wine regions of France
2127:
2117:
1985:, built in the 1970s.
1899:, etc.), electronics (
1888:
1725:
1698:
1625:
1591:
1491:
1413:
1382:
1205:
1019:
976:
960:
944:
928:
912:
905:) and the province of
896:
847:
836:
593:The Roman province of
562:[ËleĆÉĄÉËĂ°É(k)]
557:
300:Government formed 1229
2928:Menton and Roquebrune
2359:Jean Guérout (1967).
2344:Henry Gilles (1965).
2307:Paul Ourliac (1968).
2108:
2075:is more popular. The
1874:
1764:area in the south of
1713:
1706:Population and cities
1283:Parlement of Toulouse
1198:Saint-Sernin Basilica
1196:
1110:As the center of the
842:
826:
729:province of Languedoc
714:Viscounty of Narbonne
616:in 759 following the
610:Kingdom of the Franks
486:Province of Languedoc
238:Governor of Languedoc
2677:Lorraine and Barrois
2544:Historical provinces
2434:www.midi-france.info
2156:Languedoc-Roussillon
2008:in the mountains of
2000:), medieval abbeys,
1957:Services and tourism
1875:The first completed
1843:Other crops include
1730:Languedoc-Roussillon
1692:Auvergne-RhĂŽne-Alpes
1450:Languedoc-Roussillon
1396:Languedoc-Roussillon
1218:of Toulouse and the
777:. At that time, the
721:Estates of Languedoc
631:King John of England
538:[lÉÌÉĄ(É)dÉk]
19:For other uses, see
2555:General governments
2171:Septimania timeline
2111:Rue de la pousterle
2052:In April 2019, The
2035:, and other sites.
2014:Albigensian Crusade
1653:Languedoc-Rousillon
1511:, the southeast of
1464:Pyrénées-Orientales
1443:Pyrénées-Orientales
1370:archdiocese of Albi
1168:duke of Montmorency
953:), the province of
819:Geographical extent
690:Royal French Domain
650:Albigensian Crusade
635:Philip II of France
549:[lĂŁá”ÉĄÉËdÉk]
296:âą Established
2118:
1917:Pierre Fabre Group
1889:
1840:towards the east.
1836:to the west â and
1726:
1268:county of Toulouse
1206:
1112:County of Toulouse
877:County of Toulouse
848:
837:
775:Treaty of Brétigny
754:had the status of
702:County of Melgueil
698:County of GĂ©vaudan
694:County of Toulouse
668:(the Viscounty of
625:Carolingian Empire
606:Emirate of CĂłrdoba
599:Visigothic Kingdom
595:Gallia Narbonensis
567:province of France
355:County of Toulouse
2983:
2982:
2296:on 17 March 2016.
2289:978-2-600-04531-5
2254:978-3-7995-7340-5
1979:Palavas-les-Flots
857:French Revolution
792:French Revolution
656:. It enabled the
646:Kingdom of France
618:Siege of Narbonne
482:
481:
468:
467:
464:
463:
360:
359:
264:âą 1775â1788
252:âą 1682â1736
222:âą 1774â1791
210:âą 1682â1715
184: âą Type
93:
92:
85:
3023:
2975:Comtat Venaissin
2971:
2764:
2542:
2541:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2507:
2496:
2475:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2370:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2314:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2292:. Archived from
2273:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2198:
2130:
2095:Joutes nautiques
2081:Stade Toulousain
1911:) industries in
1749:, and 5% in the
1701:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1662:merging to form
1661:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1612:6.7% lay in the
1608:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1488:
1487:
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1479:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1437:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1401:
1387:
1309:, and a part of
1022:
979:
963:
947:
931:
915:
899:
712:in 1349 and the
658:Capetian dynasty
564:
551:
546:
540:
535:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
520:
517:
512:
511:
506:
505:
502:
499:
496:
460:
459:
446:
445:
432:
431:
418:
417:
404:
403:
390:
389:
376:
375:
364:
363:
351:
350:
344:
343:
328:
327:
185:
147:
132:
120:
97:
88:
81:
77:
74:
68:
63:this article by
54:inline citations
41:
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2407:. 13 April 2019
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2203:The Middle Ages
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2190:
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2103:
2066:
2038:Tourism on the
1959:
1940:cancer research
1869:
1818:
1813:
1787:(124,967), and
1708:
1589:, covering the
1578:13% lay in the
1515:Tarn-et-Garonne
1489:, covering the
1481:, capital city
1411:, covering the
1403:, capital city
1378:
1148:
1108:
1070:
903:Tarn-et-Garonne
821:
708:) in 1293, the
614:Pepin the Short
591:
579:Southern France
542:
533:
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2452:External links
2450:
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2362:Henri Gilles.
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2205:. p. 182.
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2158:
2153:
2151:Languedoc wine
2148:
2141:
2138:
2102:
2099:
2065:
2062:
2025:ArdĂšche Gorges
2006:Cathar castles
1983:Le Grau-du-Roi
1958:
1955:
1868:
1865:
1838:CĂŽtes du RhĂŽne
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1707:
1704:
1648:
1647:
1610:
1576:
1468:
1377:
1374:
1321:of Paris. The
1250:Haut-Languedoc
1147:
1144:
1107:
1104:
1094:Massif Central
1069:
1066:
1064:of Languedoc.
935:Lot-et-Garonne
820:
817:
815:or Languedoc.
779:County of Foix
648:following the
590:
587:
565:) is a former
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2775:
2774:
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2768:
2763:
2753:
2752:Trois-ĂvĂȘchĂ©s
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2697:Lower Navarre
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2662:Ăle-de-France
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2642:Franche-Comté
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
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2553:
2549:
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2540:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2501:
2498:
2492:
2489:
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2477:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
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2455:
2451:
2435:
2431:
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2422:
2418:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2376:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2355:
2352:
2347:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2303:
2300:
2295:
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2250:
2246:
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2237:
2234:
2229:
2227:9780141904313
2223:
2219:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Midi-Pyrénées
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2040:Canal du Midi
2036:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1853:Canal du Midi
1850:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1737:Midi-Pyrénées
1735:, 35% in the
1734:
1731:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1693:
1667:
1659:Midi-Pyrénées
1643:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1557:
1546:
1538:
1530:Midi-Pyrénées
1524:
1516:
1508:
1507:Haute-Garonne
1500:
1493:
1486:
1478:
1475:
1474:Midi-Pyrénées
1469:
1458:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1254:Bas-Languedoc
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1188:gouvernements
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:gouvernements
1161:
1158:but close to
1157:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1127:gouvernements
1124:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1096:(border with
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:(border with
1083:
1079:
1076:(border with
1075:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
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990:
988:
984:
980:
978:
972:
968:
964:
962:
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952:
948:
946:
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936:
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920:
916:
914:
908:
904:
900:
898:
892:
888:
887:
882:
878:
873:
871:
870:gouvernements
867:
862:
861:Gouvernements
858:
854:
853:gouvernements
845:
841:
834:
833:gouvernements
830:
825:
818:
816:
814:
810:
809:
804:
799:
797:
793:
789:
788:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
757:
756:bonnes villes
753:
749:
745:
741:
740:sénéchaussées
737:
732:
730:
726:
725:Ancien RĂ©gime
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
700:in 1258, the
699:
695:
692:in 1224. The
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
654:Cathar heresy
651:
647:
643:
638:
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632:
628:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
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603:
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580:
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559:
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539:
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487:
478:
475:
473:Today part of
471:
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441:
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435:
427:
425:
422:
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411:
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87:
84:
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34:
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2666:
2437:. Retrieved
2433:
2424:
2416:
2409:. Retrieved
2405:The Guardian
2404:
2395:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2345:
2339:
2309:
2302:
2294:the original
2278:
2271:
2258:. Retrieved
2243:
2236:
2217:
2211:
2202:
2196:
2125:
2119:
2110:
2094:
2087:Bullfighting
2085:
2079:rugby club (
2067:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2037:
2018:
1992:, Toulouse,
1987:
1972:
1964:Météo-France
1960:
1944:
1925:
1890:
1855:was built),
1842:
1819:
1805:
1793:
1770:
1758:
1753:
1746:
1742:, 8% in the
1739:
1732:
1727:
1719:
1649:
1641:
1618:
1584:
1476:
1415:départements
1398:
1379:
1359:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1299:gouvernement
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1271:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1224:gouvernement
1223:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1187:
1184:gouvernement
1183:
1163:
1149:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1109:
1102:
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1062:gouvernement
1061:
1057:
1046:gouvernement
1045:
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1041:
1017:
994:gouvernement
993:
991:
974:
958:
942:
926:
910:
894:
884:
874:
869:
866:gouvernement
865:
860:
852:
849:
832:
829:gouvernement
828:
812:
806:
800:
785:
783:
762:
760:
755:
739:
733:
718:
639:
629:
622:
597:fell to the
592:
485:
483:
337:Succeeded by
336:
331:
135:Coat of arms
94:
79:
70:
51:
2966: [
2953:Sarrewerden
2933:Montbéliard
2602:Bourbonnais
2495:(in French)
2474:(in French)
2181:Ămile Mazuc
2146:French wine
2128:département
2069:Rugby union
2031:, ArdĂšche,
1994:Montpellier
1990:Carcassonne
1913:Montpellier
1891:Aerospace (
1877:Airbus A380
1816:Agriculture
1801:Montpellier
1783:(221,455),
1779:(459,916),
1777:Montpellier
1775:(964,797),
1744:RhĂŽne-Alpes
1688:merging to
1685:RhĂŽne-Alpes
1633:Haute-Loire
1626:département
1606:RhĂŽne-Alpes
1592:département
1582:RhĂŽne-Alpes
1492:département
1407:Montpellier
1355:Montpellier
1333:), but not
1211:généralités
1186:. Thus the
1160:Montpellier
1140:capitoulate
1131:Montpellier
1020:département
977:département
967:Haute-Loire
961:département
945:département
929:département
913:département
897:département
886:département
808:langue d'oc
787:généralités
642:See of Rome
438:Haute-Loire
332:Preceded by
65:introducing
2990:Categories
2897:Vermandois
2787:Beaujolais
2737:Roussillon
2134:Cap D'Agde
2091:Sea jousts
2002:Romanesque
1975:Cap d'Agde
1791:(89,390).
1560:county of
1551:County of
1457:Roussillon
1368:, and the
1347:Versailles
1276:Versailles
1272:intendants
1258:intendants
1220:généralité
1216:généralité
1180:Versailles
1080:) and the
835:of France.
796:intendance
767:Carcassona
748:Carcassona
736:bailiwicks
674:Carcassona
176:Government
73:March 2013
48:references
3006:Languedoc
2948:Salm-Salm
2822:Couserans
2817:Comminges
2807:Cambrésis
2742:Saintonge
2712:Orléanais
2702:Nivernais
2667:Languedoc
2617:Champagne
2567:Angoumois
2385:ignored (
2375:cite book
2329:ignored (
2319:cite book
2166:Occitania
2033:Lauragais
2010:CorbiĂšres
1970:in 1982.
1901:Freescale
1887:industry.
1885:aerospace
1673:Languedoc
1666:Occitanie
1640:Auvergne
1331:Albigeois
1323:Parlement
1319:Parlement
1315:Parlement
1295:Parlement
1291:Parlement
1287:parlement
1263:parlement
1246:intendant
1242:intendant
1238:intendant
1234:intendant
1229:intendant
1176:Louis XIV
1172:Richelieu
1136:parlement
1118:parlement
1116:regional
1058:Languedoc
1016:(now the
1014:Albigeois
909:(now the
883:(now the
716:in 1507.
666:Trencavel
575:Occitanie
227:Louis XVI
215:Louis XIV
108:1229â1791
2938:Mulhouse
2918:Créhange
2902:Vivarais
2887:Valromey
2877:Rouergue
2867:Ponthieu
2862:PĂ©rigord
2857:NĂ©bouzan
2842:GĂ©vaudan
2837:GĂątinais
2812:CĂ©vennes
2782:Armagnac
2747:Touraine
2732:Provence
2707:Normandy
2682:Lyonnais
2672:Limousin
2632:Flanders
2627:Dauphiné
2612:Burgundy
2607:Brittany
2587:Auvergne
2439:8 August
2411:13 April
2260:15 March
2140:See also
2101:Property
2077:Toulouse
2073:football
2054:Guardian
2029:CĂ©vennes
1968:Toulouse
1936:Toulouse
1928:Toulouse
1905:Toulouse
1881:Toulouse
1867:Industry
1849:Toulouse
1797:Toulouse
1773:Toulouse
1762:CĂ©vennes
1751:Auvergne
1716:CĂ©vennes
1679:Auvergne
1616:Auvergne
1569:Pyrenees
1563:Toulouse
1545:Rouergue
1485:Toulouse
1343:Vivarais
1335:GĂ©vaudan
1303:Rouergue
1202:Toulouse
1156:Toulouse
1123:Toulouse
1114:and the
1098:Auvergne
1092:and the
1090:CĂ©vennes
1078:Provence
1054:Bordeaux
1038:Toulouse
1034:Rouergue
1006:Vivarais
998:GĂ©vaudan
987:Provence
971:Vivarais
939:GĂ©vaudan
907:Rouergue
844:Toulouse
813:LengadĂČc
744:BĂšucaire
583:Toulouse
558:LengadĂČc
189:Province
170:LengadĂČc
158:Toulouse
2852:Labourd
2792:Bigorre
2777:Agenais
2722:Picardy
2657:Hainaut
2652:Guyenne
2647:Gascony
2622:Corsica
2123:HĂ©rault
2115:Magalas
2044:BĂ©ziers
1951:Carmaux
1921:Castres
1830:Gaillac
1826:Fronton
1811:Economy
1785:BĂ©ziers
1721:Causses
1599:ArdĂšche
1573:Gascony
1427:HĂ©rault
1384:régions
1351:PĂ©zenas
1311:Gascony
1256:). The
1152:PĂ©zenas
1106:Capital
1086:Gascony
1082:Garonne
1050:Guienne
983:ArdĂšche
923:Agenais
919:Aveyron
803:Occitan
727:as the
706:MauguiĂČ
678:BesiĂšrs
589:History
554:Occitan
544:locally
534:French:
452:ArdĂšche
396:Aveyron
283:History
165:Demonym
154:Capital
61:improve
28:Langdoc
2872:Quercy
2827:Dombes
2797:Bresse
2727:Poitou
2717:Perche
2692:Marche
2577:Artois
2562:Alsace
2548:France
2286:
2251:
2224:
2064:Sports
2023:, the
1893:Airbus
1861:olives
1834:Limoux
1822:grapes
1766:LozĂšre
1754:région
1747:région
1740:région
1733:région
1699:région
1676:, and
1642:région
1619:région
1585:région
1537:Quercy
1523:AriĂšge
1477:région
1435:LozĂšre
1399:région
1364:, the
1341:, and
1313:. The
1307:Quercy
1270:. The
1214:, the
1030:Quercy
1004:, and
951:LozĂšre
881:Quercy
771:Tolosa
752:Tolosa
571:region
477:France
424:LozĂšre
286:
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200:
50:, but
2970:]
2963:Tende
2958:Savoy
2892:Velay
2882:Soule
2832:Forez
2802:Bugey
2687:Maine
2597:Berry
2592:BĂ©arn
2582:Aunis
2572:Anjou
2188:Notes
1998:NĂźmes
1981:, or
1919:) in
1857:maize
1845:wheat
1832:, or
1781:NĂźmes
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1074:RhĂŽne
1002:Velay
955:Velay
941:(now
868:, so
742:) of
686:NĂźmes
662:Loire
2943:Nice
2923:Dabo
2637:Foix
2441:2024
2413:2019
2387:help
2331:help
2284:ISBN
2262:2016
2249:ISBN
2222:ISBN
2109:The
2021:Tarn
1949:and
1947:AlĂšs
1897:CNES
1799:and
1789:AlĂšs
1682:and
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1541:and
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1010:Albi
992:The
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750:and
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682:Agde
670:Albi
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310:1791
123:Flag
2847:Gex
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1932:AZF
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1200:in
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1048:of
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