1234:
1287:
1307:
1225:
1298:
1278:
33:
1214:
797:
1859:
671:
1205:
64:
452:, dividing these two larger families into numerous, smaller families. However, his proposed families (Koerberiellaceae, Lecidomataceae, Mycobilimbiaceae, and Porpidiaceae) have since been folded into Lecidiaceae; later research showed that ascus structure is not a consistent taxonomic character. For example, Buschbom and Mueller showed in 2004 that Porpidiaceae was not
456:
unless the
Lecideaceae was also included, and that the ascus types used to distinguish between the two families turned out to be modifications of the same basic type. This finding was corroborated in 2006 by Miadłikowska and colleagues, who further showed that the family ought to be reclassified from
416:
of the family included several characteristics emphasising the form and texture of their reproductive structures and crust. He noted their apothecia (fruiting bodies) to be initially somewhat concave, evolving over time into flat or convex forms that resemble small dishes or patellae, each bordered
2276:
Miadlikowska, J.; Kauff, F.; Hofstetter, V.; Fraker, E.; Grube, M.; Hafellner, J.; Reeb, V.; Hodkinson, B.P.; Kukwa, M.; Lucking, R.; Hestmark, G.; Otalora, M.G.; Rauhut, A.; Budel, B.; Scheidegger, C.; Timdal, E.; Stenroos, S.; Brodo, I.; Perlmutter, G.B.; Ertz, D.; Diederich, P.; Lendemer, J.C.;
2355:
Schmull, Michaela; Miadlikowska, Jolanta; Pelzer, Monika; Stocker-Wörgötter, Elfie; Hofstetter, Valerie; Fraker, Emily; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Reeb, Valerie; Kukwa, Martin; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Kauff, Frank; Lutzoni, François (2011). "Phylogenetic affiliations of members of the heterogeneous
2041:. It faces several threats that could rapidly lead to its decline and potential extinction, primarily due to its very limited distribution across just two locations with a total area of occupancy of 8 km (3.1 sq mi). The main threats include trampling by livestock, fires (both
2277:
May, P.; Schoch, C. L.; Arnold, A.E.; Gueidan, C.; Tripp, E.; Yahr, R.; Robertson, C.; Lutzoni, F. (2006). "New insights into classification and evolution of the
Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyses of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein-coding genes".
1902:
lichen, actively bores into and inhabits the mineral matrix within rocks. In specific arctic alpine environments, surfaces colonized by these lichens weather at rates estimated to be 25–50 times faster than those caused by other natural processes. The weathering impact of
417:
by a distinct margin. This margin may appear similar to or integrated with a crust, which gradually fades as it ages. Chevallier described the crust itself as membranous, varying from smooth to cracked surfaces, and in some instances, spreading out in a soft, powdery (
485:
The conventional classification of lichen-producing fungi has faced challenges due to the reliance on readily observable traits for defining taxonomic groups, which often led to the creation of unnatural groupings of species. An example of this is seen with the genus
3121:
Norman, J.M. (1852). "Conatus praemissus redactionis novae generum nonnullorum
Lichenum in organis fructificationes vel sporis fundatae" [The effort put forward for the new edition of some genera of lichens based on fruiting bodies or spores].
3697:
Fryday, Alan M.; Hertel, Hannes (2014). "A contribution to the family
Lecideaceae s. lat. (Lecanoromycetidae inc. sed. , lichenized Ascomycota) in the southern subpolar region; including eight new species and some revised generic circumscriptions".
1063:
for the third. They found that the contact between the symbionts ranged from intracellular fungal invasion in the primitively organised thallus to a looser association of wall-to-wall attachment in the more highly differentiated growth forms.
2612:
Kraichak, Ekaphan; Huang, Jen-Pan; Nelsen, Matthew; Leavitt, Steven D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2018). "A revised classification of orders and families in the two major subclasses of
Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) based on a temporal approach".
2214:
Hafellner, J. (1984). "Studien in
Richtung einer natürlichen Gliederung der Sammelfamilien Lecanoracae und Lecideaceae" [Studies towards a natural classification of the collective families Lecanoraceae and Lecideaceae].
1168:
of lichen species that are adapted to survive on copper-rich substrates and may show a distinct green colouration in parts of the thallus or apothecia due to copper deposits. A subsequent investigation identified crystals of
2312:
Peršoh, Derek; Beck, Andreas; Rambold, Gerhard (2004). "The distribution of ascus types and photobiontal selection in
Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) against the background of a revised SSU nrDNA phylogeny".
3935:
Matthews, John A.; Owen, Geraint (2008). "Endolithic lichens, rapid biological weathering and
Schmidt Hammer r-values on recently exposed rock surfaces: Storbreen glacier foreland, Jotunheimen, Norway".
601:
1919:, central southern Norway, has been documented. The degradative activity of the species is confined by its ecological range, which is predominantly limited to areas with minimal snow cover. Species of
1779:, a resident of the Lecideaceae for several decades, was shown to be extremely polyphyletic and split into four genera distributed amongst three families, none of which were Ledideaceae.
1355:, Lecideaceae was estimated to contain 9 genera and 441 species; by the next edition (2008), these numbers had changed to 7 genera and 436 species. In this latter work, the largest genus
300:
into cracks and expelling rock flakes. This contributes to significantly faster weathering rates in certain environments, impacts various materials from natural rocks to man-made
Sekishu
1374:) accept 29 genera and 244 species in Lecideaceae. Many of these genera are monospecific or small genera, with fewer than five species. The following list indicates the genus name, the
983:
s typically grey, granular thallus with black, blue-black, or white-grey lower thallus; reproductive structures such as soredia, isidia, and blastidia; common presence of conidiomata;
4875:
1801:. The family is one of the most common in Antarctic cryptoendolithic communities. Contrary to the typical habitats favoured by other North American species in the Lecideaceae,
1013:-methylperlatolic acid. Due to the subtle morphological differences among these genera, distinguishing them based solely on morphology and chemical components is difficult.
989:-type asci; paraphyses that are not fused and easily dispersed; and secondary metabolites including xanthones, orcinol depsidones, β-orcinol depsides, and triterpenoids.
2955:
Frank‐Kamenetskaya1, Olga V.; Zelenskaya, Marina S.; Izatulina1, Alina R.; Vereshchagin, Oleg S.; Vlasov, Dmitry Yu.; Himelbrant, Dmitry E.; Pankin, Dmitrii V. (2021).
2021:
is classified as data deficient due to the lack of information on its population, habitat, ecology, and potential threats. It is known only from the municipality of
4752:
4491:
3822:
Coleine, Claudia; Stajich, Jason E.; Zucconi, Laura; Onofri, Silvano; Pombubpa, Nuttapon; Egidi, Eleonora; Franks, Ashley; Buzzini, Pietro; Selbmann, Laura (2018).
2998:
1739:
Several genera once historically classified in the
Lecideaceae have since been moved to other families in light of molecular phylogenetic studies. Examples include
2153:
Methodus qua Omnes Detectos Lichenes Secundum Organa Carpomorpha ad Genera, Species et Varietates Redigere atque Observationibus Illustrare Tentavit Erik Acharius
4543:
3403:
Hertel, H. (1981). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Flechtenfamilie Lecideaceae VIII" [Contributions to the knowledge of the lichen family Lecideaceae VIII].
512:, in the sense of Zahlbruckner, was polyphyletic. Nearing the end of the twentieth century, researchers had a better idea of the limits of the genus and many
4648:
4387:
1005:-type asci apex; spores with a halo; fused and branched paraphyses; and secondary metabolites like confluentic acid, norstictic acid, hypostictic acid, 2'-
4116:
Edwards, Howell G.M.; Jorge Villar, Susana E.; Seaward, Mark R.D.; St. Clair, Larry L. (2004). "Raman spectroscopy of rock biodeterioration by the lichen
2793:
McCune, Bruce; Curtis, Marc J.; Di Meglio, Joseph (2017). "New taxa and a case of ephemeral spore production in Lecideaceae from western North America".
4174:
Watanabe, K.; Ohfuji, H.; Ando, J.; Kitagawa, R. (2006). "Elemental behaviour during the process of corrosion of sekishu glazed roof-tiles affected by
1977:, which, after about 7–10 years, results in the appearance of corrosion pits up to 50 μm deep. Although research on pedogensis often focuses on
516:
were moved to different new and preexisting genera. By 2011, more than 160 genera from various families included species previously classified within
4726:
4465:
4765:
4504:
1233:
2530:
Progress and Problems in Lichenology in the Eighties: proceedings of an international symposium held at the University of Münster, 16.-21.3. 1986
2195:
4041:
Favero-Longo, Sergio E.; Castelli, Daniele; Salvadori, Ornella; Belluso, Elena; Piervittori, Rosanna (2005). "Pedogenetic action of the lichens
2918:
Hauck, Markus; Huneck, Siegfried; Elix, John A.; Paul, Paul (2007). "Does secondary chemistry enable lichens to grow on iron-rich substrates?".
902:) and amyloid walls, housing a pale central area and a darker top or ring-like structure. These asci are club-shaped (clavate) to cylindrical.
542:
in the sense of Hertel means saxicolous lichens with certain anatomical characters, such as excipulum, paraphyses and apical ascus structures.
4074:
3665:
3555:
3505:
3443:
3356:
3021:
2704:
2674:
2649:
2570:
2537:
2477:
2421:
2106:
2101:. Vol. 1/2 (13 ed.). Berlin Stuttgart: Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Borntraeger Science Publishers. pp. 129–130.
1973:-type X-ray amorphous glass, a surface that is unlikely to be affected by normal chemical weathering. The tiles tend to get colonised by
4236:
Prieto, B.; Edwards, H.G.M.; Seaward, M.R.D. "A Fourier transform-Raman spectroscopic study of lichen strategies on granite monuments".
952:, is challenging due to similarities in morphology, anatomical structures, and chemical compositions with many other genera, especially
4865:
3162:
4144:
2858:
Gallun, Margalith; Ben-Shaul, Y.; Paran, Navah (1971). "The fungus-alga association in the Lecideaceae: an ultrastructural study".
1945:, found on desert rocks in western North America, identified key biomolecules aiding survival and chemical biodeterioration using
4592:
4870:
2046:
4770:
4509:
1773:
is another example of a genus that was until recently placed in Lecideaceae but is now in the Ramalinaceae. In 2013, genus
4791:
4530:
2587:
504:, which tended to fit any species with crustose thallus, biatorine or lecideine apothecia and simple ascospores into this
397:
1969:
are a traditional Japanese housing component that are covered with an opaque reddish brown glaze consisting of an alkali
4205:
Watanabe, Katsuaki; Kitagawa, Ryuji (2004). "Alteration mechanism of biotite in granitic rock caused by crustose lichen
2057:
efforts are needed, including land protection and local education, to mitigate these threats and safeguard the species.
3875:"The 2018 classification and checklist of lichenicolous fungi, with 2000 non-lichenized, obligately lichenicolous taxa"
3824:"Antarctic cryptoendolithic fungal communities are highly adapted and dominated by Lecanoromycetes and Dothideomycetes"
304:, and involves key biomolecules identified for survival and biodeterioration, including compounds to withstand intense
1811:
climates. The family has been less well-studied in the Southern Hemisphere in comparison to the Northern Hemisphere.
63:
1366:. According to a 2022 estimate, the Lecideaceae comprise 29 genera and about 260 species. As of February 2024,
553:. The order was generally neglected in later classifications as the family was historically classified in the order
2394:
Several studies published in the 1970s and 1980s demonstrated the polyphyletic nature of Zahlbruckner's version of
1359:
was estimated to contain about 427 species, although it was acknowledged that only about 100 of these qualified as
705:). In rare instances, the thallus may be absent. These organisms establish a symbiotic relationship primarily with
4548:
325:
similar species with generally crustose thalli, photobiont-free apothecial margins and translucent, single-celled
1798:
2887:"Selectivity of photobiont choice in a defined lichen community: inferences from cultural and molecular studies"
1256:
492:, which by the 1930s, had grown to become one of the largest lichen genera, including around 1200 species. This
4860:
3972:
3595:
1896:
1286:
1250:
939:
931:
919:
907:
896:
888:
856:
844:
836:
816:
765:
745:
737:
711:
684:
676:
656:
446:
427:
419:
410:
327:
262:
250:
3046:
Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022).
1846:
528:
was estimated to contain 427 species, although it was acknowledged that only about 100 of these qualified as
2234:
Buschbom, Jutta; Mueller, Gregory (2004). "Resolving evolutionary relationships in the lichen-forming genus
1803:
1534:
1306:
1244:
1224:
789:
appear to be unique among Lecideaceae: this lichen has a central sterile column surrounded by a ring-shaped
785:
565:
557:. The order was resurrected in 2011 by Schmull and colleagues, who redefined the type genus to include only
470:
338:
2009:
1840:
1277:
4340:
2094:
605:
497:
1818:(lichen-dwelling) fungi and lichens in the Lecideaceae. These species are distributed amongst the genera
1341:
1335:
1262:
2992:
2054:
2053:, such as decreased summer rainfall and increased sunlight, which could negatively impact its survival.
1890:
1213:
3795:
sensu lato (Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes): Extreme polyphyly and morphological/ecological convergence".
1941:
1043:
810:
570:
368:
41:
4832:
3522:
2524:
Timdal, E. (1987). "Problems of generic delimitation among squamiform members of the Lecideaceae". In
1297:
1106:
1031:
32:
4806:
4674:
4597:
4558:
4413:
3725:
Ekman, Stefan (2001). "Molecular phylogeny of the Bacidiaceae (Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycota)".
3343:
Rambold, G. (1989). "A Monograph of the Saxicolous Lecideoid Lichens of Australia (excl. Tasmania)".
2322:
2026:
1815:
1160:
1147:
1078:
1066:
546:
322:
273:
4718:
4457:
3240:
1999:
1138:
4855:
4091:
1375:
1179:
1165:
1048:
1037:
796:
359:
2733:
Xie, Cong-Miao; Wang, Li-Song; Zhao, Zun-Tian; Zhang, Yan-Yun; Wang, Xin-Yu; Zhang, Lu-Lu (2022).
1858:
1114:
670:
438:
Studien in Richtung einer natürlicheren Gliederung der Sammelfamilien Lecanoraceae und Lecideaceae
3953:
3773:
2525:
2014:
1946:
1866:
emerge from cracks in the rock. The presence of this lichen hastens rock breakdown (pedogenesis).
1323:
871:
334:
285:
281:
176:
58:
1797:
Lecideaceae lichens usually grow on bark, on soil, and on rocks. Collectively, the family has a
1154:, which shares a chemical similarity with norstictic acid, is suggested to sequester Cu through
4639:
3977:
lichens in granite from continental Antarctica detected by molecular and microscopy techniques"
4814:
4661:
4566:
4400:
4070:
3855:
3661:
3551:
3501:
3439:
3352:
3094:
3017:
2770:
2710:
2700:
2670:
2645:
2566:
2533:
2473:
2417:
2377:
2294:
2255:
2112:
2102:
1371:
1329:
1204:
1188:
702:
505:
466:
392:
318:
277:
4757:
4571:
4496:
4378:
735:) of these lichens are typically apothecia, which can either sit prominently on the surface (
4819:
4245:
4218:
4187:
4125:
4062:
4023:
3988:
3945:
3917:
3886:
3845:
3835:
3804:
3765:
3734:
3707:
3626:
3412:
3385:
3221:
3069:
3059:
2978:
2968:
2935:
2927:
2898:
2867:
2802:
2760:
2750:
2622:
2405:
2369:
2330:
2286:
2247:
2200:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: imprimerie de Decourchant rue d'Erfurth nº. 1. p. 549.
2176:
2038:
1981:
within the family Lecideaceae, similar weathering effects have been documented in the genus
1367:
1098:
225:
3438:]. Bibliotheca Lichenologica (in German). Vol. 16. Vaduz: J. Cramer. p. 364.
3012:
Kirk, Paul M.; Cannon, Paul F.; David, J.C.; Stalpers, Joost A. (2001). "Teloschistaceae".
4303:
4264:
3500:]. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia (in German). Vol. 79. J. Cramer. pp. 399–499.
2472:]. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia (in German). Vol. 79. J. Cramer. pp. 399–499.
1950:
1850:, the juvenile lichen is facultatively lichenicolous but becomes independent as an adult.
1781:
1110:
1102:
1059:
1022:
698:
568:
to show that this group of species, defined by morphology and including the type species (
386:
as the type. This was of several dozen lichen species described by the Swedish taxonomist
187:
105:
4222:
3460:
508:. However, several studies using morphological and chemical characters demonstrated that
4705:
4444:
2326:
4713:
4452:
4120:
flörke in a desert environment, Utah, USA". In St.Clair, L.L.; Seaward, M.R.D. (eds.).
3850:
3823:
2871:
2765:
2734:
2180:
2050:
2022:
2004:
1908:
1785:
was included in the family following a 1983 emendation of the genus, but is now in the
1694:
1683:
1639:
1174:
1082:
629:
462:
4653:
4392:
3416:
4849:
4312:
4273:
3992:
3949:
3874:
3660:]. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia (in German). Vol. 24. J. Cramer. p. 124.
3302:
3047:
2903:
2886:
2432:
1994:
1786:
1717:
1427:
1363:
1151:
724:
633:
534:
387:
373:
342:
208:
3064:
2532:. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 25. Lubrecht & Cramer. pp. 243–247.
2151:
1755:
was initially proposed for inclusion in the Lecideaceae based on its resemblance to
4666:
3099:
2739:
and a new lecanorine genus in Lecideaceae (lichenised Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes)"
2561:
Kirk, Paul M.; Cannon, Paul F.; Minter, David W.; Stalpers, Joost A., eds. (2008).
1932:
1928:
1888:
into rock crevices, gradually detaching, incorporating, and expelling rock flakes.
1775:
1769:
1746:
1672:
1584:
1493:
1460:
1416:
1184:
959:
867:
697:
Family Lecideaceae comprises lichens with a range of growth forms from crust-like (
589:
585:
493:
474:
453:
46:
2131:
889:
4624:
4405:
4129:
3089:
913:
are non-septate, cylindrical to ellipsoid in shape, hyaline, and non-amyoid. The
783:, which have lecanorine apothecia. The structure and position of the ascocarp in
4796:
4739:
4633:
4535:
4478:
4372:
4066:
3890:
3791:
Bendiksby, Mika; Timdal, Einar (2013). "Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of
3282:(Lecanorales): two lichenicolous fungal genera with gall-inducing species].
2931:
2806:
2626:
2290:
2251:
1916:
1880:
1573:
1562:
1515:
1383:
914:
719:
706:
554:
458:
305:
293:
269:
263:
4363:
2973:
2956:
2823:
Jahamate, Aerguli; Abbas, Abudulla (2018). "The research progress of the genus
2513:
Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie
2156:(in Latin). Stockholm: impensis F.D.D. Ulrich, typis C.F. Marquard. p. 32.
817:
4263:
Moncada, B.; Simijaca, D.; Soto-Medina, E.; Coco, L.F.; Jaramillo, M. (2020).
3738:
3711:
3225:
2755:
2409:
2334:
1966:
1954:
1875:
1661:
1650:
1628:
1595:
1504:
1482:
1405:
863:
831:
728:
712:
613:
301:
289:
237:
139:
115:
95:
50:
4191:
3840:
2404:
Poelt, Josef (1973). "Systematic evaluation of morphological characters". In
2116:
1897:
751:) within the thallus. These apothecia may resemble those found in the genera
337:
and classification within the family has been made more accurate with recent
4700:
4687:
4584:
4439:
4426:
4249:
3971:
De los Ríos, A.; Sancho, L.G.; Grube, M.; Wierzchos, J.; Ascaso, C. (2005).
2714:
2136:(in Latin). Vol. 2. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. p. 1140.
1958:
1912:
1808:
1705:
1606:
1551:
1471:
1449:
1438:
1394:
1170:
1155:
1090:
1053:
954:
932:
857:
845:
837:
801:
766:
759:
691:
428:
75:
4027:
3921:
3859:
3389:
2774:
2381:
2298:
2259:
925:; these structures tend to be dark-walled and immersed in the thallus. The
908:
685:
662:
apothecia, which are usually somewhat circular and lack a thalline margin.
328:
251:
3631:
3610:
3274:(Lecanorales): zwei lichenicole Pilzgattungen mit cecidogenen Arten" [
2167:
Jørgensen, Per M. (1994). "Linnaean lichen names and their typification".
677:
657:
447:
411:
4778:
4618:
4579:
4517:
4357:
3550:. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 104. J. Cramer. pp. 333–337.
2042:
2030:
1970:
1961:
to withstand high UV radiation levels. In addition to natural materials,
1936:
1751:
1617:
1540:
985:
964:
940:
920:
875:
823:
790:
746:
732:
576:
257:
130:
3957:
3904:
McCarroll, Danny; Viles, Heather (1995). "Rock-weathering by the lichen
2099:
Syllabus of Plant Families: Adolf Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
738:
420:
396:. The family Lecideaceae was originally proposed by the French botanist
3777:
3074:
2983:
1924:
1741:
1526:
1317:
1086:
1025:
and colleagues examined the mycobiont–photobiont relationship in three
926:
897:
882:. Paraphyses are usually swollen at the tips, and often pigmented. The
771:). Most genera in Lecideaceae have lecideine apothecia; exceptions are
753:
618:
488:
378:
313:
245:
147:
4744:
4483:
3461:"New taxa of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Ozark Ecoregion"
2940:
3245:(Ascomycotina, Porpidiaceae), from Cape Floral Kingdom, South Africa"
1757:
1143:
879:
805:
647:
229:
85:
4783:
4731:
4522:
4470:
4334:
4092:"The weathering action of saxicolous lichens in maritime Antarctica"
3808:
3769:
3527:(in Latin). Breslau: Verlag von Trewendt & Granier. p. 221.
1923:
have also been observed degrading a variety of substances including
905:
Lecideaceae lichens typically produce eight spores per ascus. These
4692:
4431:
3590:". In Nash III, Thomas H.; Gries, Corinna; Bungartz, Frank (eds.).
2373:
584:. Molecular phylogenetics analysis shows the order Lecideales as a
341:
studies. Two Lecideaceae species have been assessed for the global
4827:
4006:
Cooks, J.; Otto, E. (1990). "The weathering effects of the lichen
3546:". In Hafellner, Josef; Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Wirth, Volkmar (eds.).
1885:
1857:
1763:
883:
827:
795:
669:
581:
513:
441:
297:
241:
233:
162:
3655:
Revision of some calciphilous species groups of the lichen genus
3548:
Diversity and Ecology of Lichens in Polar and Mountain Ecosystems
1315:
Much of the biodiversity of the Lecideaceae is taken up by genus
496:
assemblage of similar-looking species was largely as a result of
674:
Diagrammatic representation and comparison of cross sections of
272:, although a few species, scattered amongst several genera, are
153:
4338:
1070:
has been identified as a common photobiont in the Lediceaceae.
4297:
4295:
3648:
Revision einiger calciphiler Formenkreise der Flechtengattung
276:—they live on other lichens. Lecideaceae lichens tend to grow
4679:
4418:
4053:
on serpentinized ultramafic rocks in an alpine environment".
3432:
Bestimmungsschlüssel europäischer Flechten. Ergänzungsheft II
3204:
Fryday, Alan M.; Printzen, Christian; Ekman, Stefan (2014). "
248:. A major distinguishing characteristic of the family is the
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
2818:
2816:
1142:, the depsidone norstictic acid is involved in immobilising
3692:
3690:
3376:(Porpidiaceae), a new genus and species from New Zealand".
2565:(10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB Europe. p. 366.
2503:
section Armeniacae: lecideoid species of the lichen genera
1838:. In some of these cases of lichenicolous lichens, such as
2271:
2269:
1993:
Two Lecideaceae species have been assessed for the global
1242:
Example Lecideaceae members: (clockwise from upper left):
1164:. These species belong to the Lecideion inops alliance, a
948:
Identifying species within the largest Lecideaceae genus,
717:
photobionts), and in some instances (such as in the genus
2690:
2688:
2686:
2491:
sect. Armeniacae: lecideoide Arten der Flechtengattungen
3873:
Diederich, Paul; Lawrey, James D.; Ertz, Damien (2018).
3016:(9th ed.). Oxon, UK: CABI Bioscience. p. 274.
1807:
uniquely thrives in shaded environments in cool, moist,
4090:
Acaso, C.; Sancho, L.G.; Rodriguez-Pascual, C. (1990).
3323:
Mitteilungen aus der Botanischen Staatssammlung München
2644:. Kew: Commonwealth Mycological Institute. p. 39.
2453:
Mitteilungen aus der Botanischen Staatssammlung München
1191:
this compound under suitable environmental conditions.
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2093:
Jaklitsch, Walter; Baral, Hans-Otto; Lücking, Robert;
894:) and feature an amyloid structure at the tip (apical
358:
The first member of the present-day Lecideaceae to be
3615:, a new porpidioid lichen genus from the Drakensberg"
3436:
Identification key to European lichens. Supplement II
2788:
2786:
2784:
3498:
On saxicolous, lecideoid lichens of the Subantarctic
3372:
Malcolm, W.M.; Elix, J.A.; Owe-Larsson, B. (1995). "
2470:
On saxicolous, lecideoid lichens of the Subantarctic
997:, both belonging to the Lecideaceae, differ in that
929:
are non-septate and can be cylindrical, rod-shaped (
4608:
4347:
4055:
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation
3752:
Awasthi, Dharani Dhar; Singh, Krishna Pal (1977). "
3494:Über saxicole, lecideoide Flechten der Subantarktis
2556:
2554:
2552:
2466:Über saxicole, lecideoide Flechten der Subantarktis
2360:sensu Zahlbruckner (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota)".
1187:ore. This finding confirms the lichen's ability to
866:, which are sparingly branched and interconnected (
3311:(Ascomycetes lichenisati) auszuschliessende Arten"
2728:
2726:
2724:
2441:(Ascomycetes lichenisati) auszuschliessende Arten"
1378:, year of publication, and the number of species:
968:in the Lecideaceae. The main distinctions between
3592:Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region
1001:has soredia, isidia, and blastidia; conidiomata;
862:) of these reproductive structures is made up of
268:. Most species in the family are lichenised with
3187:Bulletin de la Société Botanique du Centre-Ouest
2238:and related allies (Porpidiaceae, Ascomycota)".
2209:
2207:
1321:; examples include (clockwise from upper left):
842:(red-brown), and a thin, light-coloured band of
3338:
3336:
3014:Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi
2957:"Copper oxalate formation by lichens and fungi"
2699:. Wallingford: CAB International. p. 184.
2669:. St. Paul, Minnesota: APS press. p. 210.
2145:
2143:
886:, or spore-bearing cells, are partially split (
3487:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3048:"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021"
2665:Ulloa, Miguel; Aguirre-Acosta, Elvira (2020).
654:", indicating similarity. This alludes to the
646:), meaning "plate" or "small shield", and the
2416:. New York: Academic Press. pp. 91–115.
288:. Several Lecideaceae species accelerate the
8:
4143:Watanabe, Katsuaki; Kitagawa, Ryuji (2006).
3313:[About some species to be excluded from
3139:
3137:
2443:[About some species to be excluded from
2997:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
637:
520:. In the most recent (2008) edition of the
4335:
3459:Harris, Richard C.; Ladd, Douglas (2007).
2885:Beck, A.; Friedl, T.; Rambold, G. (1998).
2595:Acta Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica
1520:C.M.Xie, Lu L.Zhang & Li S.Wang (2022)
549:in 1934, in the fourth volume of his work
260:: typically circular, dark, and without a
31:
22:
3849:
3839:
3630:
3594:. Vol. 3. Tempe: Lichens Unlimited,
3073:
3063:
2982:
2972:
2939:
2902:
2764:
2754:
2588:"Lichenographia Fennica IV. Lecideales 2"
1965:species affect man-made objects. Sekishu
4876:Taxa named by François Fulgis Chevallier
2615:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
2169:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1884:. These saxicolous species extend their
1097:produces several secondary metabolites:
1051:. The photobionts for the first two are
632:of family. The genus name comprises the
465:) provisional placement in the subclass
404:; his original spelling of the name was
4149:roof liles affected by crustose lichen
2695:Cannon, Paul F.; Kirk, Paul M. (2007).
2066:
1767:, but is now also in the Ramalinaceae.
1085:) found in Lecideaceae lichens include
2990:
4016:Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
4014:(Koerb.) on magaliesberg quartzite".
3910:Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
2240:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1878:processes on rock surfaces, known as
1509:Malcolm, Elix & Owe-Larss. (1995)
1421:Fryday, Printzen & S.Ekman (2014)
1351:In the seventh edition (2001) of the
727:within specialised structures called
545:The order Lecideales was proposed by
292:of rock surfaces, a process known as
7:
4833:69AF4016-D5AF-C3B8-5C62-943B43657E4C
4807:796f6d51-8ca1-4d71-9eb6-26d9b46bff61
4559:f58487b9-b599-4719-8819-4fac5e84c095
4223:10.11362/jcssjclayscience1960.12.249
3351:. Berlin/Stuttgart: J. Cramer: 239.
2197:Flore Générale des Environs de Paris
2194:Chevallier, François-Fulgis (1826).
1009:-methylmicrophyllinnic acid, and 2'-
402:Flore générale des environs de Paris
4313:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
4274:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1745:, which was shown to belong in the
1146:(Cu), forming a Cu–norstictic acid
473:work suggested that the family was
317:, was once a loosely circumscribed
4122:Biodeterioration of Stone Surfaces
3908:in an arctic alpine environment".
3756:, a new lichen genus from India".
3266:Triebel, D.; Rambold, G. (1988). "
3124:Nytt Magazin for Naturvidenskapene
2872:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1971.tb02549.x
2667:Illustrated Generic Names of Fungi
2356:lichen-forming fungi of the genus
2181:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1994.tb01784.x
1793:Habitat, distribution, and ecology
1545:Gotth.Schneid. & Hertel (1981)
917:of Lecideaceae are in the form of
14:
580:, species, formed a monophyletic
390:in his influential 1753 treatise
311:The largest genus in the family,
3993:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01199.x
3950:10.1111/j.1468-0459.2008.00346.x
3542:(Porpidiaceae), a new genus for
3321:(Ascomycetes lichenisati)].
2904:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00231.x
2451:(Ascomycetes lichenisati)].
1305:
1296:
1285:
1276:
1232:
1223:
1212:
1203:
1125:-methylmicrophyllinnic acid, 2'-
444:structure as a major systematic
62:
4178:s.lat. sp. (crustose lichen)".
3684:, Fascicle V (München): no. 96.
3241:"A remarkable new lichen genus
3161:Clauzade, G.; Roux, C. (1984).
2037:, found in two location on the
1953:monohydrate, the UV protectant
1935:ultramafic rocks, and volcanic
1749:, a family in the Lecanorales.
1129:-methylperlatolic acid, and 4'-
800:Microscopy of cross section of
731:. The reproductive structures (
436:In Josef Hafellner's 1984 work
3573:Catalogus Lichenum Universalis
3212:and closely related species".
2586:Vainio, Edvard August (1934).
2097:(2016). Frey, Wolfgang (ed.).
2049:), and the adverse effects of
1862:The dark-colored apothecia of
1720:proposed to reduce the genera
1589:Rambold & Pietschm. (1989)
1487:Rambold & Pietschm. (1989)
1465:McCune & M.J.Curtis (2017)
1454:Hafellner & Bellem. (1984)
1410:Hafellner & Cl.Roux (1984)
502:Catalogus lichenum universalis
18:Family of lichen-forming fungi
1:
3430:Poelt, J.; Vězda, A. (1981).
2640:Hawksworth, David L. (1974).
1611:Hertel & Hafellner (1984)
4153:sp. grown on their surfaces"
4130:10.1007/978-1-4020-2845-8_13
3609:Brusse, Franklin A. (1988).
3239:Brusse, Franklin A. (1994).
2697:Fungal Families of the World
1578:R.C.Harris & Ladd (2007)
1443:Triebel & Rambold (1988)
743:) or be partially embedded (
612:is based on the name of the
372:. The Swedish lichenologist
4067:10.1016/j.ibiod.2004.11.006
3891:10.1639/0007-2745-121.3.340
3575:. Vol. 2. p. 686.
3417:10.1127/herzogia/5/1981/449
2932:10.1016/j.flora.2006.08.007
2827:and identification of some
2807:10.1639/0007-2745-120.2.115
2291:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.1088
2252:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.11.012
1644:(B.de Lesd.) Zahlbr. (1924)
4892:
3973:"Endolithic growth of two
3524:Systema lichenum Germaniae
3181:Hafellner & Roux]
2974:10.1038/s41598-021-03600-5
2217:Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia
1874:species contribute to the
398:François Fulgis Chevallier
3828:Frontiers in Microbiology
3739:10.1017/S0953756201004269
3712:10.1017/S0024282913000704
3571:Zahlbruckner, A. (1923).
3345:Bibliotheca Lichenologica
3226:10.1017/s0024282913000625
3208:, a new generic name for
3102:: Leiden, the Netherlands
3065:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2
2756:10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614
2627:10.1093/botlinnean/boy060
2335:10.1007/s11557-006-0081-0
1799:cosmopolitan distribution
1716:In 2014, Alan Fryday and
1257:P. flavocaerulescens
1251:Porpidia albocaerulescens
723:), they also engage with
638:
182:
175:
168:
161:
145:
138:
59:Scientific classification
57:
39:
30:
25:
4866:Lecanoromycetes families
4192:10.1180/0009855064140221
4145:"Dissolution process of
4047:Rhizocarpon geographicum
3841:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01392
3680:Hertel, Hannes. (1983).
3596:Arizona State University
2839:species in many areas".
1911:moraines of the glacier
1847:Poeltiaria coromandelica
1814:There are 17 species of
1353:Dictionary of the Fungi
870:). These structures are
854:The internal framework (
4250:10.1080/014904500270495
4238:Geomicrobiology Journal
4124:. Dordrecht: Springer.
2563:Dictionary of the Fungi
2130:Linnaeus, Carl (1753).
1804:Cyclohymenia epilithica
1133:-demethylplanaic acid.
786:Cyclohymenia epilithica
566:molecular phylogenetics
551:Lichenographica Fennica
522:Dictionary of the Fungi
339:molecular phylogenetics
321:containing hundreds of
240:. It contains about 30
53:of family Lecideaceae.
4871:Taxa described in 1826
4051:Sporastatia testudinea
4028:10.1002/esp.3290150602
3922:10.1002/esp.3290200302
3682:Lecideaceae exsiccatae
3468:Opuscula Philolichenum
3390:10.1006/lich.1995.0022
2033:. More is known about
1867:
1245:Immersaria athroocarpa
851:
814:apothecium, showing a
694:
606:botanical nomenclature
498:Alexander Zahlbruckner
211:& Hafellner (1984)
4306:Immersaria fuliginosa
3632:10.4102/abc.v18i1.988
3521:Körber, G.W. (1855).
3171:Hafellner & Roux"
2642:Mycologist's Handbook
2487:Rambold, G. (1985). "
2150:Acharius, E. (1803).
2035:Immersaria fuliginosa
2010:Immersaria fuliginosa
1861:
1841:Bellemerea cupreoatra
1079:Secondary metabolites
799:
673:
532:in the strict sense (
500:'s multi-volume work
408:. Chevallier's short
296:, by extending their
3727:Mycological Research
3586:Timdal, E. (2007). "
3538:Timdal, E. (2010). "
2511:(Lecanorales)].
2499:(Lecanorales)" [
2315:Mycological Progress
2095:Lumbsch, H. Thorsten
2027:Antioquia Department
1067:Trebouxia arboricola
547:Edvard August Vainio
4302:Fryday, A. (2020).
4043:Lecidea atrobrunnea
3938:Geografiska Annaler
3646:Hertel, H. (1967).
3598:. pp. 287–289.
3492:Hertel, H. (1984).
3301:Hertel, H. (1983).
3145:Lichenes Neotropici
2526:Peveling, Elisabeth
2464:Hertel, H. (1984).
2431:Hertel, H. (1983).
2327:2004MycPr...3..103P
1376:taxonomic authority
1342:L. protabacina
1336:L. perlatolica
1121:-methylanziaic, 2'-
1049:electron microscopy
937:), or thread-like (
354:Historical taxonomy
4118:Lecidea tessellata
3906:Lecidea auriculata
3374:Labyrintha implexa
2961:Scientific Reports
2841:Botanical Research
1947:Raman spectroscopy
1905:Lecidea auriculata
1894:, an example of a
1891:Lecidea auriculata
1868:
1864:Lecidea auriculata
1324:L. tessellata
1263:P. crustulata
852:
695:
622:, with the ending
538:). In this cases,
360:formally described
4843:
4842:
4815:Open Tree of Life
4567:Open Tree of Life
4341:Taxon identifiers
4076:978-90-481-6724-1
3700:The Lichenologist
3667:978-3-768-25424-3
3557:978-3-443-58083-4
3507:978-3-7682-5479-3
3445:978-3-7682-1162-8
3378:The Lichenologist
3358:978-3-443-58013-1
3303:"Über einige aus
3214:The Lichenologist
3095:Catalogue of Life
3023:978-0-85199-377-5
2706:978-0-85199-827-5
2676:978-0-89054-618-5
2651:978-0-85198-300-4
2572:978-0-85199-826-8
2539:978-3-443-58004-9
2479:978-3-7682-5479-3
2433:"Über einige aus
2423:978-0-12-044950-7
2406:Ahmadjian, Vernon
2133:Species plantarum
2108:978-3-443-01089-8
1949:. It accumulates
1942:Lecidea tesselata
1728:to synonymy with
1372:Catalogue of Life
1330:L. laboriosa
1183:found growing on
1177:compound, within
1093:. The main genus
1044:Lecidea decipiens
1021:In a 1971 study,
890:semifissitunicate
811:Lecidea uniformis
701:) to scale-like (
602:standard practice
571:Lecidea fuscoatra
506:wastebasket taxon
467:Lecanoromycetidae
461:to an uncertain (
400:in his 1826 work
393:Species Plantarum
384:Lecidea fuscoatra
369:Lecidea fuscoatra
366:, later known as
364:Lichen fusco-ater
319:wastebasket taxon
218:
217:
200:Mycobilimbiaceae
185:Koerberiellaceae
134:
42:Lecidea fuscoatra
4883:
4836:
4835:
4823:
4822:
4810:
4809:
4800:
4799:
4797:NHMSYS0001494700
4787:
4786:
4774:
4773:
4761:
4760:
4748:
4747:
4735:
4734:
4722:
4721:
4709:
4708:
4696:
4695:
4683:
4682:
4670:
4669:
4657:
4656:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4601:
4600:
4588:
4587:
4575:
4574:
4562:
4561:
4552:
4551:
4539:
4538:
4536:NHMSYS0001486978
4526:
4525:
4513:
4512:
4500:
4499:
4487:
4486:
4474:
4473:
4461:
4460:
4448:
4447:
4435:
4434:
4422:
4421:
4409:
4408:
4396:
4395:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4336:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4299:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4096:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3853:
3843:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3694:
3685:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3544:Toninia tumidula
3535:
3529:
3528:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3489:
3476:
3475:
3465:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3411:(3–4): 449–463.
3400:
3394:
3393:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3340:
3331:
3330:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3210:Lecidea hypnorum
3201:
3195:
3194:
3189:(in Esperanto).
3184:
3173:[The genera
3158:
3152:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3067:
3043:
3028:
3027:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2988:
2986:
2976:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2790:
2779:
2778:
2768:
2758:
2730:
2719:
2718:
2692:
2681:
2680:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2592:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2558:
2547:
2543:
2520:
2483:
2460:
2427:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2352:
2339:
2338:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2285:(6): 1088–1103.
2273:
2264:
2263:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2090:
2051:climatic changes
2039:Falkland Islands
1899:
1711:
1700:
1689:
1678:
1667:
1656:
1645:
1634:
1623:
1612:
1601:
1590:
1579:
1568:
1557:
1546:
1532:
1521:
1510:
1499:
1488:
1477:
1466:
1455:
1444:
1433:
1422:
1411:
1400:
1389:
1368:Species Fungorum
1309:
1300:
1289:
1280:
1236:
1227:
1216:
1207:
1107:hypostictic acid
1099:confluentic acid
1032:Lecidea olivacea
982:
942:
934:
922:
910:
899:
891:
859:
847:
839:
819:
768:
748:
740:
714:
687:
679:
659:
641:
640:
627:
449:
430:
422:
413:
330:
265:
253:
244:and roughly 250
212:
203:
202:Hafellner (1984)
197:
196:Hafellner (1984)
191:
129:
67:
66:
35:
23:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4861:Lichen families
4846:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4831:
4826:
4818:
4813:
4805:
4803:
4795:
4790:
4782:
4777:
4769:
4764:
4756:
4751:
4743:
4738:
4730:
4725:
4717:
4712:
4704:
4699:
4691:
4686:
4678:
4673:
4665:
4660:
4652:
4647:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4604:
4596:
4591:
4583:
4578:
4570:
4565:
4557:
4555:
4547:
4542:
4534:
4529:
4521:
4516:
4508:
4503:
4495:
4490:
4482:
4477:
4469:
4464:
4456:
4451:
4443:
4438:
4430:
4425:
4417:
4412:
4404:
4399:
4391:
4386:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4343:
4333:
4332:
4322:
4320:
4301:
4300:
4293:
4283:
4281:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4094:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4077:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3981:New Phytologist
3970:
3969:
3965:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3809:10.12705/625.18
3790:
3789:
3785:
3770:10.2307/3242031
3751:
3750:
3746:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3679:
3675:
3668:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3508:
3491:
3490:
3479:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3446:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3290:(3–4): 279–309.
3265:
3264:
3260:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3182:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3143:Kalb, K. 1984.
3142:
3135:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3045:
3044:
3031:
3024:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2989:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2891:New Phytologist
2884:
2883:
2879:
2860:New Phytologist
2857:
2856:
2852:
2822:
2821:
2814:
2792:
2791:
2782:
2732:
2731:
2722:
2707:
2694:
2693:
2684:
2677:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2560:
2559:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2523:
2486:
2480:
2463:
2430:
2424:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2389:
2368:(5): 983–1003.
2354:
2353:
2342:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2109:
2092:
2091:
2068:
2063:
1991:
1951:calcium oxalate
1901:
1856:
1795:
1782:Roccellinastrum
1709:
1698:
1687:
1676:
1665:
1654:
1643:
1632:
1621:
1610:
1599:
1588:
1577:
1566:
1555:
1544:
1530:
1519:
1508:
1497:
1486:
1475:
1464:
1453:
1442:
1431:
1420:
1409:
1398:
1387:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1302:
1301:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1197:
1161:Lecidea bullata
1111:gyrophoric acid
1103:norstictic acid
1083:lichen products
1076:
1023:Margalith Galun
1019:
980:
944:
936:
924:
912:
901:
893:
861:
849:
841:
822:(translucent),
821:
770:
750:
742:
716:
689:
681:
668:
661:
628:indicating the
623:
598:
483:
451:
432:
424:
415:
376:proposed genus
356:
351:
332:
323:morphologically
267:
264:thalline margin
258:fruiting bodies
255:
207:
201:
195:
194:Lecidomataceae
186:
157:
151:
128:
106:Lecanoromycetes
61:
19:
12:
11:
5:
4889:
4887:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4848:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4824:
4811:
4801:
4788:
4775:
4762:
4749:
4736:
4723:
4710:
4697:
4684:
4671:
4658:
4645:
4630:
4614:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4589:
4576:
4563:
4553:
4540:
4527:
4514:
4501:
4488:
4475:
4462:
4449:
4436:
4423:
4410:
4397:
4384:
4369:
4353:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4331:
4330:
4291:
4267:Lecidea mayeri
4255:
4228:
4217:(4): 249–257.
4197:
4186:(4): 819–826.
4166:
4163:(S2): 240–244.
4135:
4108:
4082:
4075:
4033:
4022:(6): 491–500.
3998:
3963:
3944:(4): 287–297.
3927:
3916:(3): 199–206.
3896:
3885:(3): 373–374.
3879:The Bryologist
3865:
3814:
3803:(5): 940–956.
3783:
3764:(3): 536–538.
3758:The Bryologist
3744:
3733:(7): 783–797.
3717:
3706:(3): 389–412.
3686:
3673:
3666:
3638:
3601:
3578:
3563:
3556:
3530:
3513:
3506:
3477:
3451:
3444:
3422:
3395:
3384:(4): 241–248.
3364:
3357:
3332:
3293:
3258:
3231:
3196:
3153:
3133:
3113:
3081:
3029:
3022:
3004:
2947:
2910:
2897:(4): 709–720.
2877:
2866:(3): 483–485.
2850:
2843:(in Chinese).
2812:
2801:(2): 115–124.
2795:The Bryologist
2780:
2720:
2705:
2682:
2675:
2657:
2650:
2632:
2621:(3): 233–249.
2604:
2578:
2571:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2521:
2484:
2478:
2461:
2428:
2422:
2410:Hale, Mason E.
2400:
2387:
2374:10.3852/10-234
2340:
2321:(2): 103–121.
2304:
2265:
2226:
2203:
2186:
2175:(4): 261–405.
2159:
2139:
2122:
2107:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2019:Lecidea mayeri
2005:data deficient
2000:Lecidea mayeri
1990:
1987:
1939:. Research on
1909:Little Ice Age
1895:
1855:
1852:
1794:
1791:
1736:respectively.
1714:
1713:
1702:
1695:Stephanocyclos
1691:
1684:Stenhammarella
1680:
1669:
1658:
1647:
1640:Pseudopannaria
1636:
1625:
1614:
1603:
1592:
1581:
1570:
1559:
1548:
1537:
1523:
1512:
1501:
1490:
1479:
1468:
1457:
1446:
1435:
1424:
1413:
1402:
1391:
1314:
1313:
1304:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1241:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1175:copper oxalate
1139:Lecidea lactea
1136:In the lichen
1075:
1072:
1057:, while it is
1018:
1015:
958:in the family
938:
930:
918:
906:
895:
887:
855:
843:
835:
818:proper exciple
815:
764:
763:(lecideine or
744:
736:
710:
683:
675:
667:
664:
655:
597:
594:
482:
481:Classification
479:
463:incertae sedis
445:
426:
418:
409:
382:in 1803, with
355:
352:
350:
347:
333:. The overall
326:
261:
249:
216:
215:
214:
213:
204:
198:
192:
180:
179:
173:
172:
166:
165:
159:
158:
152:
143:
142:
136:
135:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
37:
36:
28:
27:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4888:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4834:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4802:
4798:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4650:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4631:
4626:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4599:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4389:
4385:
4380:
4374:
4370:
4365:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4337:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4307:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4268:
4259:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4232:
4229:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4201:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4180:Clay Minerals
4177:
4170:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4139:
4136:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4099:Polar Biology
4093:
4086:
4083:
4078:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4037:
4034:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4012:sarcogynoides
4009:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3976:
3967:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3931:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3900:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3818:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3787:
3784:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3748:
3745:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3642:
3639:
3633:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3614:
3605:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3579:
3574:
3567:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3534:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3517:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3407:(in German).
3406:
3399:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3368:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3297:
3294:
3289:
3286:(in German).
3285:
3284:Nova Hedwigia
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3259:
3255:(2): 501–512.
3254:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3243:Catarrhospora
3235:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3117:
3114:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3090:"Lecideaceae"
3085:
3082:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3058:(1): 53–453.
3057:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2948:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2911:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2735:"Revision of
2729:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2608:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2515:(in German).
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2227:
2222:
2219:(in German).
2218:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:anthropogenic
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2007:, 2023), and
2006:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1995:IUCN Red List
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1933:serpentinized
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:lichenicolous
1812:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1787:Pilocarpaceae
1784:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1718:Hannes Hertel
1710:Hertel (1984)
1708:
1707:
1703:
1699:Hertel (1983)
1697:
1696:
1692:
1688:Hertel (1967)
1686:
1685:
1681:
1677:Brusse (1988)
1675:
1674:
1670:
1666:Timdal (2007)
1664:
1663:
1659:
1655:Hertel (1984)
1653:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1633:Timdal (2010)
1631:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1600:Hertel (1984)
1598:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1567:Hertel (1981)
1565:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1476:Hertel (1983)
1474:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1432:Brusse (1994)
1430:
1429:
1428:Catarrhospora
1425:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1388:Norman (1852)
1386:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:sensu stricto
1362:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1308:
1299:
1288:
1279:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1235:
1226:
1215:
1206:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1189:biomineralise
1186:
1182:
1181:
1180:Lecidea inops
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1152:psoromic acid
1150:. Similarly,
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1038:Lecidea opaca
1034:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
987:
979:
975:
971:
967:
966:
961:
957:
956:
951:
946:
943:
935:
928:
923:
916:
911:
903:
900:
892:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
860:
848:
840:
833:
829:
825:
820:
813:
812:
807:
803:
798:
794:
792:
788:
787:
782:
778:
774:
769:
762:
761:
756:
755:
749:
741:
734:
730:
726:
725:cyanobacteria
722:
721:
715:
713:chlorococcoid
708:
704:
700:
693:
688:
680:
672:
665:
663:
660:
653:
649:
645:
635:
631:
626:
621:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
595:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
578:
573:
572:
567:
563:
562:sensu stricto
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
541:
540:sensu stricto
537:
536:
535:sensu stricto
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:
480:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
450:
443:
439:
434:
431:
423:
414:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:
389:
388:Carl Linnaeus
385:
381:
380:
375:
374:Erik Acharius
371:
370:
365:
361:
353:
348:
346:
344:
343:IUCN Red List
340:
336:
331:
324:
320:
316:
315:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:lichenicolous
271:
266:
259:
254:
247:
243:
239:
236:in the order
235:
231:
227:
223:
210:
206:Porpidiaceae
205:
199:
193:
189:
184:
183:
181:
178:
174:
171:
167:
164:
160:
155:
150:
149:
144:
141:
137:
132:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
43:
38:
34:
29:
24:
21:
16:
4640:Porpidiaceae
4610:Porpidiaceae
4609:
4348:
4321:. Retrieved
4317:
4311:
4305:
4282:. Retrieved
4278:
4272:
4266:
4258:
4244:(1): 55–60.
4241:
4237:
4231:
4214:
4211:Clay Science
4210:
4206:
4200:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4169:
4160:
4157:Clay Science
4156:
4150:
4146:
4138:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4102:
4098:
4085:
4061:(1): 17–27.
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3966:
3941:
3937:
3930:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3882:
3878:
3868:
3831:
3827:
3817:
3800:
3796:
3793:Hypocenomyce
3792:
3786:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3703:
3699:
3681:
3676:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3622:
3618:
3613:Schizodiscus
3612:
3604:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3572:
3566:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3523:
3516:
3497:
3493:
3471:
3467:
3454:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3348:
3344:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3304:
3296:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3234:
3220:(1): 25–37.
3217:
3213:
3209:
3206:Bryobilimbia
3205:
3199:
3190:
3186:
3178:
3177:Massal. and
3174:
3168:
3164:
3163:"Les genres
3156:
3148:
3144:
3127:
3126:(in Latin).
3123:
3116:
3104:. Retrieved
3100:Species 2000
3093:
3084:
3055:
3051:
3013:
3007:
2993:cite journal
2964:
2960:
2950:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2847:(2): 93–100.
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2798:
2794:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2696:
2666:
2660:
2641:
2635:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2598:
2597:(in Latin).
2594:
2581:
2562:
2529:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2469:
2465:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2413:
2398:, including:
2395:
2390:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2282:
2278:
2246:(1): 66–82.
2243:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2220:
2216:
2196:
2189:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2152:
2132:
2125:
2098:
2055:Conservation
2034:
2018:
2008:
1998:
1992:
1989:Conservation
1982:
1978:
1974:
1962:
1940:
1929:Magaliesberg
1920:
1904:
1898:euendolithic
1889:
1879:
1871:
1869:
1863:
1845:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1802:
1796:
1780:
1776:Hypocenomyce
1774:
1770:Mycobilimbia
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1747:Ramalinaceae
1740:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1704:
1693:
1682:
1673:Schizodiscus
1671:
1660:
1649:
1638:
1627:
1622:Körb. (1855)
1616:
1605:
1594:
1585:Paraporpidia
1583:
1572:
1561:
1550:
1539:
1535:ca. 100 spp.
1525:
1514:
1503:
1498:Stein (1879)
1494:Koerberiella
1492:
1481:
1470:
1461:Cyclohymenia
1459:
1448:
1437:
1426:
1417:Bryobilimbia
1415:
1404:
1393:
1382:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1350:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1185:chalcopyrite
1178:
1159:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1115:planaic acid
1094:
1077:
1065:
1058:
1052:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
984:
977:
973:
969:
963:
960:Lecanoraceae
953:
949:
947:
904:
868:anastomosing
853:
850:between them
809:
784:
780:
777:Koerberiella
776:
772:
758:
752:
718:
696:
651:
643:
624:
617:
609:
599:
590:Peltigerales
586:sister group
575:
574:) and a few
569:
564:. They used
561:
558:
550:
544:
539:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
509:
501:
494:polyphyletic
487:
484:
475:monophyletic
454:monophyletic
437:
435:
405:
401:
391:
383:
377:
367:
363:
357:
312:
310:
256:form of the
221:
219:
169:
146:
125:
47:type species
40:
26:Lecideaceae
20:
15:
4740:iNaturalist
4634:Wikispecies
4479:iNaturalist
4379:Lecideaceae
4373:Wikispecies
4349:Lecideaceae
4323:11 February
4284:11 February
3987:: 181–190.
3319:Melanolecia
3309:Melanolecia
3167:Massal. et
3130:: 213–252 .
3106:11 February
3075:10481/76378
2984:11701/38652
2926:: 471–478.
2449:Melanolecia
2439:Melanolecia
2414:The Lichens
2023:Angelópolis
1931:quartzite,
1917:Jotunheimen
1881:pedogenesis
1854:Pedogenesis
1726:Notolecidea
1574:Pachyphysis
1563:Melanolecia
1556:Kalb (1984)
1531:Ach. (1803)
1516:Lecaimmeria
1399:Kalb (1984)
1384:Amygdalaria
1047:) by using
1017:Photobionts
933:bacilliform
915:conidiomata
858:hamathecium
846:subhymenium
838:hypothecium
781:Lecaimmeria
767:aspicilioid
720:Amygdalaria
707:green algae
682:(left) and
666:Description
610:Lecideaceae
608:, the name
555:Lecanorales
459:Lecanorales
429:farinaceous
349:Systematics
308:radiation.
306:ultraviolet
294:pedogenesis
270:green algae
222:Lecideaceae
126:Lecideaceae
4856:Lecideales
4850:Categories
3588:Romjularia
3540:Porpidinia
3329:: 441–447.
3193:: 127–141.
3179:Bellemerea
3169:Bellemerea
3151:: 301–350.
3052:Mycosphere
2967:: e24329.
2941:1885/35655
2749:: 99–132.
2737:Immersaria
2519:: 469–501.
2509:Tephromela
2497:Tephromela
2459:: 441–447.
2223:: 241–371.
2061:References
2015:vulnerable
1967:roof tiles
1955:scytonemin
1876:weathering
1836:Poeltiaria
1828:Immersaria
1820:Bellemerea
1734:Poeltiaria
1722:Labyrintha
1662:Romjularia
1651:Rhizolecia
1629:Porpidinia
1596:Poeltiaria
1505:Labyrintha
1483:Immersaria
1406:Bellemerea
1091:depsidones
909:ascospores
878:blue with
864:paraphyses
832:paraphyses
773:Bellemerea
729:cephalodia
703:squamulose
686:lecanorine
614:type genus
457:the order
440:, he used
433:) manner.
329:ascospores
302:roof tiles
290:weathering
252:lecanoroid
238:Lecideales
140:Type genus
116:Lecideales
96:Ascomycota
92:Division:
51:type genus
4701:FloraBase
4649:AusLichen
4625:Q10637899
4585:100386776
4440:FloraBase
4388:AusLichen
3625:: 94–96.
3280:Phacopsis
3276:Cecidonia
3272:Phacopsis
3268:Cecidonia
3249:Mycotaxon
3175:Aspicilia
3165:Aspicilia
2833:Lecidella
2362:Mycologia
2279:Mycologia
2117:429208213
2017:, 2020).
1959:haematite
1913:Storbreen
1824:Cecidonia
1809:temperate
1730:Poeltidea
1706:Xenolecia
1624:– 51 spp.
1607:Poeltidea
1552:Lopacidia
1522:– 11 spp.
1472:Farnoldia
1450:Clauzadea
1439:Cecidonia
1412:– 10 spp.
1395:Bahianora
1390:– 11 spp.
1171:moolooite
1166:community
1156:chelation
1074:Chemistry
1054:Trebouxia
1029:species (
978:Lecidella
974:Lecidella
955:Lecidella
808:-stained
760:Aspicilia
692:apothecia
678:lecideine
658:lecideine
596:Etymology
471:molecular
448:character
412:diagnosis
232:-forming
188:Hafellner
170:See text
82:Kingdom:
76:Eukaryota
4779:MycoBank
4714:Fungorum
4654:30141937
4619:Wikidata
4580:Tropicos
4518:MycoBank
4453:Fungorum
4393:30016299
4364:Q6511688
4358:Wikidata
4207:Porpidia
4105:: 33–39.
4049:gr. and
3958:40204904
3860:30008702
3834:: 1–14.
3754:Heppsora
3619:Bothalia
3474:: 57–68.
3405:Herzogia
2837:Porpidia
2775:35210924
2743:MycoKeys
2715:60741230
2505:Lecanora
2493:Lecanora
2412:(eds.).
2382:21642348
2299:17486983
2260:15186798
2236:Porpidia
2031:Colombia
1983:Porpidia
1971:feldspar
1937:andesite
1870:Several
1752:Heppsora
1712:– 2 spp.
1635:– 2 spp.
1618:Porpidia
1613:– 3 spp.
1602:– 8 spp.
1591:– 3 spp.
1569:– 7 spp.
1541:Lecidoma
1500:– 2 spp.
1489:– 8 spp.
1478:– 6 spp.
1456:– 7 spp.
1445:– 2 spp.
1434:– 2 spp.
1423:– 6 spp.
1370:(in the
1087:depsides
1060:Myrmecia
1003:Porpidia
999:Porpidia
995:Porpidia
986:Lecanora
976:include
965:Porpidia
941:filiform
921:pycnidia
834:(blue),
824:hymenium
791:hymenium
747:immersed
733:ascomata
699:crustose
690:(right)
577:Porpidia
469:. Early
406:Lecideae
335:taxonomy
278:on rocks
177:Synonyms
131:Chevall.
122:Family:
72:Domain:
4572:1014722
4176:Lecidea
4151:Lecidea
4147:sekishu
4008:Lecidea
3975:Lecidea
3851:6033990
3778:3242031
3657:Lecidea
3650:Lecidea
3315:Lecidea
3305:Lecidea
2829:Lecidea
2825:Lecidea
2766:8863769
2601:(2): 8.
2528:(ed.).
2501:Lecidea
2489:Lecidea
2445:Lecidea
2435:Lecidea
2396:Lecidea
2358:Lecidea
2323:Bibcode
2043:natural
2025:in the
1979:Lecidea
1975:Lecidea
1963:Lecidea
1925:granite
1921:Lecidea
1907:on the
1872:Lecidea
1832:Lecidea
1742:Bacidia
1701:– 1 sp.
1690:– 1 sp.
1679:– 1 sp.
1668:– 1 sp.
1657:– 1 sp.
1646:– 1 sp.
1580:– 1 sp.
1558:– 1 sp.
1547:– 1 sp.
1527:Lecidea
1511:– 1 sp.
1467:– 1 sp.
1401:– 1 sp.
1361:Lecidea
1357:Lecidea
1318:Lecidea
1148:complex
1095:Lecidea
1027:Lecidea
991:Lecidea
970:Lecidea
950:Lecidea
927:conidia
872:amyloid
754:Lecidea
739:sessile
619:Lecidea
588:to the
559:Lecidea
530:Lecidea
526:Lecidea
518:Lecidea
510:Lecidea
489:Lecidea
421:leprose
379:Lecidea
314:Lecidea
246:species
148:Lecidea
112:Order:
102:Class:
49:of the
45:is the
4820:982575
4804:NZOR:
4771:190038
4758:107398
4745:125753
4693:1PORPF
4598:988350
4556:NZOR:
4497:108368
4484:154106
4432:1LECDF
4073:
3956:
3858:
3848:
3776:
3664:
3554:
3504:
3442:
3355:
3020:
2773:
2763:
2713:
2703:
2673:
2648:
2569:
2536:
2476:
2420:
2380:
2297:
2258:
2115:
2105:
1957:, and
1886:hyphae
1834:, and
1758:Heppia
1339:, and
1260:, and
1195:Genera
1144:copper
1041:, and
962:, and
898:tholus
880:iodine
874:, and
779:, and
648:suffix
625:-aceae
600:As is
298:hyphae
284:, and
242:genera
230:lichen
226:family
224:are a
209:Hertel
190:(1984)
163:Genera
156:(1803)
133:(1826)
4828:Plazi
4784:81215
4753:IRMNG
4719:81215
4706:23211
4667:627ND
4593:WoRMS
4549:40595
4523:80935
4510:14001
4492:IRMNG
4458:80935
4445:23180
4095:(PDF)
4010:aff.
3954:JSTOR
3797:Taxon
3774:JSTOR
3653:[
3496:[
3464:(PDF)
3434:[
3183:(PDF)
2920:Flora
2591:(PDF)
2468:[
1764:Psora
1117:, 2'-
981:'
876:stain
826:with
652:-ídes
644:lékos
639:λέκος
636:word
634:Greek
582:clade
442:ascus
234:fungi
86:Fungi
4766:ITIS
4732:8358
4727:GBIF
4688:EPPO
4680:6141
4544:NCBI
4505:ITIS
4471:8296
4466:GBIF
4427:EPPO
4419:6154
4325:2024
4318:2020
4286:2024
4279:2020
4071:ISBN
3856:PMID
3662:ISBN
3552:ISBN
3502:ISBN
3440:ISBN
3353:ISBN
3317:and
3307:und
3278:and
3270:und
3108:2024
3018:ISBN
2999:link
2835:and
2771:PMID
2711:OCLC
2701:ISBN
2671:ISBN
2646:ISBN
2567:ISBN
2534:ISBN
2507:and
2495:und
2474:ISBN
2447:and
2437:und
2418:ISBN
2378:PMID
2295:PMID
2256:PMID
2113:OCLC
2103:ISBN
2045:and
1844:and
1761:and
1732:and
1724:and
1173:, a
1089:and
993:and
972:and
884:asci
830:and
828:asci
757:and
630:rank
514:taxa
362:was
286:soil
282:wood
220:The
154:Ach.
4792:NBN
4675:EoL
4662:CoL
4531:NBN
4414:EoL
4406:BTZ
4401:CoL
4246:doi
4219:doi
4209:".
4188:doi
4126:doi
4063:doi
4024:doi
3989:doi
3985:165
3946:doi
3918:doi
3887:doi
3883:121
3846:PMC
3836:doi
3805:doi
3766:doi
3735:doi
3731:105
3708:doi
3627:doi
3413:doi
3386:doi
3222:doi
3070:hdl
3060:doi
2979:hdl
2969:doi
2936:hdl
2928:doi
2924:202
2899:doi
2895:139
2868:doi
2803:doi
2799:120
2761:PMC
2751:doi
2623:doi
2619:188
2517:107
2370:doi
2366:103
2331:doi
2287:doi
2248:doi
2177:doi
2173:115
2029:in
1915:in
1158:in
945:).
604:in
228:of
4852::
4830::
4817::
4794::
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