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climates which carried unseen fungal hitchhikers in the soil. As a result, new and unknown species of mushrooms began appearing in greenhouses and hothouses all over Europe which piqued the interest of budding new mycologists who sought to classify these strange new 'plants', as mushrooms were then considered to be. Some
498:
Many of these species have been documented growing in plant pots and greenhouses and so may have a worldwide distribution in captivity with introduction into the wild being possible where temperatures are suitable for these tropical species. Several of the best known species were originally described
555:
species originate from tropical climates where they thrive in the hot and humid conditions of rainforests however species have now spread all over the world due to human activity. Numerous species in this genus were introduced to Europe by early explorers bringing exotic plants back from tropical
357:
and gills which are free from the stem. There are always exceptions to these details however. Flaky or woolly scales on the cap or stem of these mushrooms and a distinctly coloured central disc are common features amongst many species but are likewise observed in many other genera. Reliable
628:'s detailed illustrations from 1796, made from specimens found in bark beds around London, depict both a white and yellow species side by side which he considered to be 'undoubtedly the same species' saying that they 'differ in nothing but colour'.
278:
species which are commonly observed. The majority of the species in this genus are exclusive to tropical environments however numerous species have become a common sight in plant pots and greenhouses resulting in them becoming well known worldwide.
650:
species as the conditions of greenhouses and indoor plant pots can mimic the warm and humid tropical conditions which these mushrooms require. Collecting exotic plants in botanical gardens may also help to spread these species.
1184:
Der FĂĽhrer in die
Pilzkunde : Anleitung zum methodischen, leichten und sichern Bestimmen der in Deutschland vorkommenden Pilze : mit Ausnahme der Schimmel- und allzu winzigen Schleim- und Kern-Pilzchen
646:
These species are still commonly found in greenhouses and plant pots in Europe and all over the world. Centuries of buying and selling tropical plants has created an effective distribution network for
670:
species to survive in the wild or grow outside but in regions with cold winter temperatures their distribution is generally limited to plant pots and greenhouses. There are however also common
1596:
274:. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains over 80 recognised species, however many of these species are very scarcely recorded and little known with only a small number of
1149:
Flora agaricina
Neerlandica: critical monographs on families of agarics and boleti occurring in the Netherlands. Vol. 5. A/B, General part ; Taxonomic part agaricaceae
666:
in 1888. Observations of this species are largely limited to plant pots and it is unclear where it is native to. In some regions it may be warm enough for introduced
1496:
1535:
362:
mushrooms at the species level can be notoriously difficult. Many species can only reliably be distinguished by microscopic details and chemical reagent tests.
584:
is named for Mr
Birnbaum, a gardener who found the yellow mushrooms growing in greenhouses amongst pineapples in the SalmovskĂ˝ gardens in Prague in the 1830s.
1382:
508:
593:
1470:
310:
species have these genera and the species within them have been subject to a great deal of reclassification over the years. One example of this is
1157:
1061:
974:
Herbier de la France; ou, Collection complette des plantes indigenes de ce royaume; avec leurs proprie´te´s, et leurs usages en medecine
1121:
288:
161:
135:
1601:
532:
1522:
937:. National Agricultural Library U. S. Department of Agriculture. Ann Arbor : Michigan Botanical Club. pp. 45–52.
719:
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371:
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56:
1051:
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402:
1034:
1591:
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are also commonly observed growing in plant pots with this species being described from a barkbed in a hothouse in
483:
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466:
392:
312:
183:
612:
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442:
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which can be found outside in Europe and is especially common on the West coast of the United States whereas
588:
473:
432:
1606:
1335:
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580:
manor, likely in the hothouses and greenhouses which contained plants from the East Indies and India. Its
490:
608:
stated that the mushrooms grew in large numbers in gardens and greenhouses but did not appear too often.
1314:
788:
422:
187:
1286:
882:"Greenhouses of botanical gardens as a habitat of alien and native macrofungi: a case study in Poland"
1586:
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51:
829:"Species Fungorum - Leucoagaricus leucothites (Vittad.) Wasser, Ukr. bot. Zh. 34(3): 308 (1977)"
1558:
1501:
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1163:
1153:
1057:
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it caused confusion in the identification of these two species. In 1871 the German botanist
581:
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due to the similarly white appearance or even considered to simply be a white version of
560:
species were observed in Europe in the 18th century before ever being found in the wild.
1449:
572:
in 1788 from an observation in a hothouse in
Halifax, England. In 1793 British botanist
1457:
229:
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1204:. London: Printed by J. Davis. p. 1 – via www.biodiversitylibrary.org.
994:. London: Printed by J. Davis. p. 1 – via www.biodiversitylibrary.org.
1527:
1483:
1367:
1006:
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663:
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977:. Vol. 337. Paris: Chez l'auteur, Didot, Debure, Belin. p. Plate 374.
898:
881:
597:
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1095:
957:
Vol. 1. : Printed for the author and sold in
Halifax by him. p. 50.
907:
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68:
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in France however as
Bulliard's illustration more closely matched that of
1509:
1352:
1147:
682:
is uncommon in Europe but common on the East coast of the United States.
1475:
764:
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78:
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880:
Szczepkowski, Andrzej; Gierczyk, BĹ‚aĹĽej; Kujawa, Anna (2014-08-01).
1436:
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616:
has a more complicated history as it was routinely conflated with
251:
247:
1333:
966:
964:
1423:
264:, which is found in plant pots and greenhouses worldwide. The
1146:
Noordeloos, Machiel E; Kuyper, Th. W; Vellinga, E. C (2001).
596:
from observations made in greenhouses and in planters under
817:. Vol. 2. Paris: Bureau de journaux. 1888. p. 16.
258:. Its best-known member is the distinctive yellow mushroom
1187:. Zerbst: Verlag von E. Luppe's Buchhandlung. p. 135.
931:"Some Species of Leucocoprinus which Grow in Greenhouses"
499:
from greenhouses before ever being recorded in the wild.
1096:"Dva tropiÄŤtĂ zástupci bÄ›lohnojnikĹŻ v našich sklenicĂch"
624:
before species classifications were better established.
287:
The genus was created in 1888 by the French mycologist
294:
Due to the superficially similar features which many
1342:
1287:"Fragile Dapperling (Leucocoprinus fragilissimus)"
954:An history of fungusses, growing about Halifax ...
1263:"Skullcap Dapperling (Leucocoprinus brebissonii)"
1122:"OBRAZEM: StĹ™eĹľenĂ© zahrady odhalĂ svá tajemstvĂ"
1028:
1026:
1201:Coloured figures of English fungi or mushrooms
1036:Coloured Figures of English Fungi Or Mushrooms
991:Coloured figures of English fungi or mushrooms
674:species which grow in temperate climates like
353:, the presence of a stem ring formed from the
1152:. Lisse; Abingdon: A.A. Balkema. p. 90.
8:
1597:Taxa named by Narcisse Théophile Patouillard
854:"Lepiotoid Mushrooms - (mushroomexpert.com)"
1330:
1215:Cooke, M. C.; Massee, George (1887–1888).
1109:(3): 78 – via www.czechmycology.org.
1053:Hertfordshire Garden History: A Miscellany
31:
20:
897:
320:formerly belonging to all three genera.
731:
504:
946:
944:
746:. Species Fungorum. CAB International
592:was also first classified in 1788 by
7:
1551:810cefba-5d73-4323-a37f-beca0877de56
1227:. London: Williams and Norgate: 101.
875:
873:
1080:Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum
1077:Corda, August Carl Joseph (1837).
789:"Species Fungorum - Leucocoprinus"
14:
1007:"Facts About the Fungus Among Us"
1005:Vidyasagar, Aparna (2016-02-05).
695:Emile Boudier's illustrations of
638:James Sowerby's illustrations of
531:
519:
507:
376:Commonly known species include:
55:
1056:. Univ of Hertfordshire Press.
971:Bulliard, Pierre (1887–1888).
349:characteristics include white
289:Narcisse Théophile Patouillard
1:
720:List of Leucocoprinus species
457:Leucocoprinus griseofloccosus
372:List of Leucocoprinus species
450:Leucocoprinus fragilissimus
403:Leucocoprinus brunneoluteus
1623:
765:"Leucocoprinus Pat., 1888"
710:List of Agaricaceae genera
484:Leucocoprinus straminellus
369:
1323:Atlas of Living Australia
1239:"Leucocoprinus ianthinus"
1083:(in German). J. G. Calve.
899:10.2478/s11535-014-0310-5
715:List of Agaricales genera
467:Leucocoprinus heinemannii
393:Leucocoprinus brebissonii
341:are often referred to as
313:Leucoagaricus leucothites
176:
169:
150:
143:
52:Scientific classification
50:
39:
30:
23:
929:Smith, Helen V. (1981).
852:Kuo, M. (October 2020).
697:Leucocoprinus birnbaumii
613:Leucocoprinus cepistipes
565:Leucocoprinus birnbaumii
547:Habitat and distribution
538:Leucocoprinus cepistipes
514:Leucocoprinus birnbaumii
443:Leucocoprinus flavescens
413:Leucocoprinus cepistipes
383:Leucocoprinus birnbaumii
323:These genera along with
271:Leucocoprinus cepistipes
261:Leucocoprinus birnbaumii
152:Leucocoprinus cepistipes
42:Leucocoprinus birnbaumii
1198:Sowerby, James (1797).
1033:Sowerby, James (1797).
988:Sowerby, James (1797).
793:www.speciesfungorum.org
589:Leucocoprinus cretaceus
576:observed it growing at
526:Leucocoprinus cretaceus
474:Leucocoprinus ianthinus
433:Leucocoprinus cretaceus
46:arising in a flowerpot
1602:Taxa described in 1888
1120:Redakce (2015-09-17).
951:Bolton, James (1788).
858:www.mushroomexpert.com
700:
643:
491:Leucocoprinus tricolor
1181:Kummer, Paul (1871).
694:
680:L. fragilissimus
637:
423:Leucocoprinus cygneus
1094:Cejp, Karel (1948).
814:Journal de botanique
1217:"New British Fungi"
1050:Rowe, Anne (2007).
833:speciesfungorum.org
676:L. brebissonii
345:mushrooms. Typical
316:which has numerous
886:Open Life Sciences
701:
644:
622:L. birnbaumii
602:L. cepistipes
358:identification of
1592:Agaricales genera
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1559:Open Tree of Life
1336:Taxon identifiers
1159:978-90-5410-495-7
1063:978-1-905313-38-9
935:Michigan botanist
660:L. ianthinus
618:L. cretaceus
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351:spore prints
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338:Macrolepiota
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1587:Agaricaceae
1484:iNaturalist
1368:Wikispecies
1291:iNaturalist
1267:iNaturalist
1243:iNaturalist
1039:. J. Davis.
740:"Synonymy:
664:Kew Gardens
606:Otto Kuntze
598:cold frames
578:Wormleybury
478:(Worldwide)
437:(Worldwide)
417:(Worldwide)
397:(Worldwide)
387:(Worldwide)
347:macroscopic
256:Agaricaceae
119:Agaricaceae
1581:Categories
1296:2023-08-26
1272:2023-08-26
1248:2023-08-26
1132:2022-07-19
1128:(in Czech)
1016:2022-07-29
863:2022-07-29
838:2022-07-28
798:2022-07-27
774:2022-07-27
750:2016-01-09
726:References
568:was first
109:Agaricales
85:Division:
1445:FloraBase
1221:Grevillea
908:2391-5412
570:described
360:Lepiotoid
343:Lepiotoid
226:J.E.Lange
203:J.E.Lange
75:Kingdom:
69:Eukaryota
1510:MycoBank
1458:Fungorum
1395:BioLib:
1388:60015030
1383:AusFungi
1359:Q1300898
1353:Wikidata
1168:59478535
916:17510324
704:See also
461:(Europe)
427:(Europe)
318:synonyms
283:Taxonomy
197:subgen.
184:Battarra
171:Synonyms
115:Family:
65:Domain:
1502:1109993
1476:2535536
366:Species
307:Lepiota
195:Lepiota
158:Sowerby
125:Genus:
105:Order:
95:Class:
1564:720813
1548:NZOR:
1437:1LUCOG
1398:125848
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699:, 1901
654:Other
232:(1952)
216:(1942)
205:(1935)
190:(1909)
164:(1889)
138:(1888)
1541:34431
1515:17960
1497:IRMNG
1489:85399
1463:17960
1450:50284
1424:21491
1099:(PDF)
912:S2CID
551:Many
252:fungi
248:genus
246:is a
230:Locq.
214:Locq.
188:Earle
79:Fungi
1536:NCBI
1471:GBIF
1432:EPPO
1411:5DTD
1319:Pat"
1164:OCLC
1154:ISBN
1058:ISBN
904:ISSN
744:Pat"
335:and
304:and
162:Pat.
136:Pat.
1523:NBN
1419:EoL
1406:CoL
894:doi
268:is
250:of
186:ex
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
