924:. The former two are united by the lack of serrated teeth at the front of the jaw; the skull being more than 90% of the length of the femur; the cervical ribs having slender shafts and being longer than their corresponding vertebrae; and the front end of the ilium being "gently straight". Meanwhile, the latter two share the tips of the neural spines on the dorsals being fan-shaped; the coracoid being sub-triangular; the claw on the first digit of the hand being strongly arched, being higher than the top of the articulating surface; the presence of a "lip" at the top end of the claws on the second and third digits; the front edge of the pubic shaft being convex; and the claws on the third and fourth digits of the foot being strongly curved. The results of the phylogenetic analysis are reproduced in the below
136:
3358:
118:
3335:
1542:). Shen and colleagues suggested, based on the thinness of the innermost zone 1 compared to zone 2, that it had partially eroded away. However, the complete zone 3 is even thinner, being only a quarter of the width of zone 2, and zone 4 is even thinner (albeit incomplete). This indicates that growth had slowed substantially by the end of the third year.
769:, Liaoning under the accession number DNHM D3012. Some of the specimen's snout bones are incomplete and some toe phalanges have been added by illegal fossil traders; asides from this, it is one of the most complete troodontid fossils ever found. Its head is curved forward, and its limbs are tucked in; this differs from both the classic
1546:
mildly slowed before the resumption of bone growth. There is no external fundamental system (EFS) on the outer rim of the bone, indicating that the holotype was still growing at the time of death. However, the decreasing thinness of zones, the presence of avascular bone in the outer layers, and evidence of
1545:
Each LAG is surrounded by two bands of dense avascular (i.e. lacking openings for blood vessels) bone, which Shen and colleagues termed the "pre-annular" and "post-annular" bands. The first LAG differs from the others in that it consists of two LAGs, one weaker than the other, indicating that growth
901:. They are united by the teeth being flattened and recurved, with the crowns in the middle of the tooth row having heights smaller than twice their widths; the front edge of the acromion being outturned; the presence of a pronounced notch between the acromion and the
1875:
Tsuihiji, T.; Barsbold, R.; Watabe, M.; Tsogtbaatar, K.; Chinzorig, T.; Fujiyama, Y.; Suzuki, S. (2014). "An exquisitely preserved troodontid theropod with new information on the palatal structure from the Upper
Cretaceous of Mongolia".
729:
is offset from the second and fourth, forming a trough between the latter two that is deeper than in other troodontids. Proportionally, the first phalanx of the second digit is shorter relative to the second phalanx in
568:. In the tail, the transition point - the point where the sides of the caudals become more compressed such that they are sub-triangular instead of rectangular - occurs at the seventh caudal, further forward than
852:(i.e. where the third metatarsal is somewhat pinched by the neighboring metatarsals) foot. They further placed it in the "higher troodontid clade" based on the lack of a bulbous capsule-like structure on the
321:
in 2017 by Shen Cai-Zhi and colleagues from an articulated, nearly complete skeleton, one of the most complete troodontid specimens known. Shen and colleagues found indicative traits that placed
2141:
Tsuihiji, T.; Barsbold, R.; Watabe, M.; Tsogtbaatar, K.; Suzuki, S.; Hattori, S. (2016). "New material of a troodontid theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Lower
Cretaceous of Mongolia".
530:
troodontids. The tooth row of the maxilla terminates below the front margin of the antorbital fenestra, whereas it terminates further forward - below the rear of the maxillary fenestra - in
749:
is known from a single specimen, a nearly complete and well-preserved skeleton with most bones preserved in their original articulated positions. It was found in the
Lujiatun Beds of the
325:
within the
Troodontidae. These traits included its numerous, small, and closely packed teeth, as well as the vertebrae towards the end of its tail having shallow grooves in place of
526:
has a number of small, closely spaced teeth, with at least 15 in the upper jaw and 23 in the lower jaw. The teeth towards the rear of the lower jaw are serrated, unlike a number of
2701:
Amiot, R.; Wang, X.; Zhou, Z.; Wang, X.; Buffetaut, E.; LĂ©cuyer, C.; Ding, Z.; Fluteau, F.; Hibino, T.; Kusuhashi, N.; Mo, J.; Suteethorn, V.; Wang, Y.; Xu, X.; Zhang, F. (2011).
867:
modified from a prior analysis by
Takanobu Tsuihiji and colleagues in 2016, which was in turn modified from the modification by Gao and colleagues in 2012 of an analysis by
564:
troodontids, the prezygapophyses are longer than another set of processes known as the postzygapophyses. In the dorsals, the pneumatic pitting is simplified relative to
576:(where it occurs at the ninth). The longest of the caudals is the fourteenth, which is almost twice the length of the sixth. On the underside of the caudals, the
2210:
Chang, S.-C.; Gao, K.-Q.; Zhou, Z.-F.; Jourdan, F. (2017). "New chronostratigraphic constraints on the Yixian
Formation with implications for the Jehol Biota".
2540:
Jiang, B.; FĂĽrsich, F.T.; Sha, J.; Wang, B.; Niu, Y. (2011). "Early
Cretaceous volcanism and its impact on fossil preservation in Western Liaoning, NE China".
3451:
3410:
1538:(LAGs), which indicates that the animal was at least four years old when it died (further LAGs may have been obliterated by the expansion of the
2251:
3466:
2770:
614:, the deltopectoral crest extends for 40% of the bone's length, and terminates halfway down the bone. The humerus is shorter, relative to the
3471:
2314:
2619:
386:
With a total body length (estimated lengths of the skull, neck, trunk, and tail combined) of approximately 69 cm (27 in),
496:
has a pitted groove on the outer edge of its shallow and triangular lower jaw. The bottom margin of the jaw is slightly convex; in
3351:
1771:
405:
possesses a long, narrow, and triangular skull that measured 9.8 cm (3.9 in) long. At the front of the snout, like
2332:"Basal titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China"
560:
known as prezygapophyses, the fifth cervical also has the longest. In the third and fourth cervicals, the latter like other
135:
3456:
2666:
Evans, S.E.; Wang, Y.; Jones, M.E.H. (2007). "An aggregation of lizard skeletons from the Lower
Cretaceous of China".
905:; the presence of a flange on the first phalanx of the second digit on the finger; and the backward-projecting pubis.
425:
from the rim of the nostril. There are three openings on the surface of the maxilla, the premaxillary, maxillary, and
2763:
1592:, all of these troodontids lived in the Lujiatun Beds. While Shen and colleagues assigned the Lujiatun Beds to the
1578:. In a separate 2017 publication for which Shen was also the lead author, an additional troodontid was described,
2300:"A New Basal Ornithomimosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Northeast China"
2867:
868:
2366:"Lujiatun Psittacosaurids: Understanding Individual and Taphonomic Variation Using 3D Geometric Morphometrics"
2069:
1758:
deposits, indicating a landscape of rivers bearing volcanoes, which may have killed the preserved animals by
489:
does not participate in the border of the supratemporal (upper) temporal fenestra at the back of the skull.
844:
by shallow midline grooves in the vertebrae towards the end of its tail; the tall ascending process on its
832:
as a member of the
Troodontidae based on its numerous, closely spaced teeth that are constricted below the
3378:
2473:
3476:
3423:
2756:
561:
527:
467:
where an air sac was present within the bone; there is also a pneumatic opening on the rear side of the
460:
1929:"New information on Cretaceous troodontids (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the People's Republic of China"
1562:
is one of eleven troodontids known from China, and the fifth Early
Cretaceous Chinese troodontid after
556:. Out of the cervicals, the third to eighth are elongated, with the fifth being the longest; among the
516:, the dentary and maxilla terminate at the same position in the jaw. Also like other troodontids (with
1596:
epoch, newer date estimates published by Chang Su-chin and colleagues suggested a younger age of ~126
665:. The rear portion of the ilium (the postacetabular process) also has a shorter bottom edge than both
3461:
3361:
2921:
2377:
2274:
2219:
2032:
1885:
358:
conducted by Shen and colleagues offered evidence supporting the alternative identification of these
952:
557:
426:
2178:"A New Troodontid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China"
3132:
2894:
2683:
2642:
2519:
2158:
2123:
1909:
1718:
817:
549:
545:
130:
3428:
3334:
2177:
3120:
3032:
3010:
2734:
2600:
2454:
2405:
2310:
2050:
2001:
1901:
1820:
Shen, C.-Z.; Zhao, B.; Gao, C.-L.; Lu, J.-C.; Kundrát, M. (2017). "A New Troodontid Dinosaur (
1656:
1651:
1644:
1629:
925:
722:
710:
678:
577:
318:
2703:"Oxygen isotopes of East Asian dinosaurs reveal exceptionally cold Early Cretaceous climates"
2252:"Non-Avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China"
3319:
3298:
3076:
2724:
2714:
2675:
2634:
2590:
2580:
2549:
2511:
2444:
2436:
2395:
2385:
2346:
2266:
2227:
2192:
2150:
2115:
2107:
2040:
1991:
1981:
1943:
1893:
1833:
1824:
gen. et sp. nov.) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Western Liaoning Province".
1755:
1647:
1620:
1539:
750:
726:
633:
510:
may have formed a flexible joint within the jaw - that is, an intramandibular joint. Unlike
481:
450:
430:
301:
1762:. Mean annual air temperatures in the region reached a minimum of 10 °C (50 °F).
3291:
3183:
3112:
2852:
1611:
1608:
1585:
1547:
1403:
998:
849:
2381:
2223:
2036:
1889:
3262:
3149:
3091:
3084:
3061:
3039:
3003:
2729:
2702:
2595:
2568:
2449:
2424:
2400:
2365:
1996:
1965:
1857:
1746:
1694:
1682:
1633:
1624:
1243:
1195:
1171:
837:
793:
785:
641:
532:
498:
2331:
1928:
3445:
2162:
1734:
1615:
864:
833:
606:
is poorly developed, as in basal troodontids. Unlike basal troodontids, however, the
486:
468:
355:
68:
2687:
2523:
2502:(Mammalia) from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia and Revision of Gobiconodontidae".
2299:
2127:
1966:"A Second Soundly Sleeping Dragon: New Anatomical Details of the Chinese Troodontid
1913:
3283:
3269:
3255:
3240:
3224:
3192:
3164:
3068:
3018:
2989:
2967:
2933:
2779:
2425:"New basal eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota, Liaoning, China"
2021:"Reduced plumage and flight ability of a new Jurassic paravian theropod from China"
2019:
Godefroit, P.; Demuynck, H.; Dyke, G.; Hu, D.; Escuillié, F.O.; Claeys, P. (2013).
1688:
1672:
1580:
1535:
1329:
1312:
1219:
1112:
1010:
853:
682:
646:
624:
610:- the arm socket - is directed vertically downwards instead of to the side. On the
507:
435:
391:
338:
315:
291:
249:
219:
2638:
2620:"A juvenile anuran from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation, Liaoning, China"
2154:
3401:
2585:
2553:
2390:
2350:
2231:
1986:
3248:
3213:
3206:
3141:
3105:
3098:
3025:
2906:
1724:
1706:
1700:
1668:
1593:
1260:
1024:
628:(80% length). Further below, the three-digited hand is unique in that the first
582:
518:
441:
413:
407:
43:
1534:
is 1.5 mm (0.059 in) thick. The cortex is divided into four zones by
3276:
2818:
2809:
2515:
1897:
1740:
1712:
1677:
1276:
1079:
1062:
889:
845:
770:
654:
512:
464:
418:
370:. As the fifth troodontid known from geographically and temporally comparable
350:
344:
193:
117:
88:
53:
2309:. Life of the Past. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 467–487.
1837:
3312:
3233:
2879:
2827:
2719:
2196:
1663:
1659:
1601:
1386:
629:
455:
294:
206:
147:
93:
37:
30:
2738:
2604:
2458:
2440:
2409:
2054:
2005:
1905:
1864:(2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 184–195.
836:; the pneumatic opening on the rear of its quadrate; the oval shape of its
354:; while these have traditionally been placed outside the Troodontidae, the
2569:"Anurans from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of Western Liaoning, China"
2068:
Xu, X.; Zhao, Ji; Sullivan, C.; Tan, Q.-W.; Sander, M.; Ma, Q.-Y. (2012).
3395:
3199:
3046:
2803:
1964:
Gao, C.; Morschhauser, E.M.; Varricchio, D.J.; Liu, J.; Zhao, B. (2012).
1729:
1523:
902:
841:
773:(where the head is flexed backwards), as well as the sleeping posture of
765:; currently, it is stored at the Dalian Natural History Museum (DNHM) in
758:
595:
503:
326:
297:
283:
180:
167:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
3415:
2176:
Shen, C.; Lü, J.; Liu, S.; Kundrát, M.; Brusatte, S.L.; Gao, H. (2017).
893:, thus offering contrary evidence to the traditional placement of these
3305:
3172:
2836:
2679:
2045:
2020:
1751:
1362:
967:
898:
754:
674:
611:
607:
599:
422:
371:
359:
98:
73:
2797:
2119:
1639:
857:
813:
766:
157:
3372:
2270:
2095:
1947:
2111:
1759:
1519:
894:
876:
805:
762:
714:
615:
367:
305:
287:
2474:"Review of recent advances on study of Mesozoic mammals in China"
673:. Uniquely, there is no process on the top end at the tip of the
2307:
Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems
1597:
1531:
3376:
2790:
2752:
2748:
2096:"A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny"
860:, and the presence of the promaxillary fenestra on its skull.
1550:
collectively suggest that it was close to skeletal maturity.
908:
Within this clade, which Shen and colleagues did not name,
2070:"The taxonomy of the troodontid IVPP V 10597 reconsidered"
580:
are slightly curved and directed backwards, as is seen in
362:
as troodontids. Compared to its close relatives, however,
1860:. In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; OsmĂłlska, H. (eds.).
871:
and colleagues in 2012, Shen and colleagues found that
717:
is slender and 1.4 times the length of the femur, like
2567:
Dong, L.; RoÄŤek, Z.; Wang, Y.; Jones, M.E.H. (2013).
1851:
1849:
1847:
2094:
Turner, A.H.; Makovicky, P.J.; Norell, M.A. (2012).
721:. The four-digited foot is highly compacted, with a
256:
3385:
3223:
3182:
3131:
2987:
2932:
2905:
2878:
2851:
453:is slender and radiates into three processes. Like
2100:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
552:, and at least sixteen caudal (tail) vertebrae in
2542:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
2212:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
332:Within the Troodontidae, the closest relative of
701:it is 2.8 times the length of the torso. Unlike
378:increases the diversity of Chinese troodontids.
2707:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1970:with Implications for Phylogeny and Taphonomy"
2764:
2618:Wang, Y.; Jones, M.E.H.; Evans, S.E. (2007).
1588:with the former three. With the exception of
632:of the first digit is longer than the second
8:
2535:
2533:
366:had relatively long legs, in particular the
2423:Hu, Y.; Meng, J.; Li, C.; Wang, Y. (2010).
697:is twice the length of the torso, while in
3373:
2995:
2984:
2911:
2884:
2857:
2848:
2787:
2771:
2757:
2749:
2472:Wang, Y.-Q.; Hu, Y.-M.; Li, C.-K. (2006).
1600:for the Lujiatun Beds, which dates to the
725:that narrows toward the bottom. The third
636:, at 1.49 times the length of the latter.
116:
20:
2728:
2718:
2594:
2584:
2448:
2399:
2389:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2044:
1995:
1985:
1959:
1957:
2298:Jin, L.; Jun, C.; Godefroit, P. (2012).
125:Life reconstruction with hand for scale
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1783:
1607:Contemporaneous dinosaurs included the
792:by Shen Caizhi, Zhao Bo, Gao Chunling,
1856:Makovicky, P.J.; Norell, M.A. (2004).
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
796:, and Martin Kundrát. The genus name
784:In 2017, DNHM D3012 was named as the
342:, and it was also closely related to
7:
2498:Lopatin, A.; Averianov, A. (2015). "
820:to the research of small theropods.
2330:Barrett, P.M.; Wang, X.-L. (2007).
1378:
1354:
1304:
1235:
1211:
1187:
1163:
1104:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1016:
991:
945:
938:
931:
3452:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
2429:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
2364:Hedrick, B.P.; Dodson, P. (2013).
1936:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
1558:According to Shen and colleagues,
800:combines Liaoning with the suffix
677:, and the bone also has a slender
471:, as in other troodontids. Unlike
449:. Uniquely among troodontids, the
14:
897:as non-troodontid members of the
649:has a curved sinusoidal shape in
3357:
3356:
3333:
693:. Additionally, the hindlimb of
308:. It contains a single species,
134:
1927:Currie, P.J.; Dong, Z. (2001).
1750:. The Lujiatun Beds consist of
828:Shen and colleagues identified
492:Characteristic of troodontids,
429:. Below, the maxilla forms the
2504:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
1772:2017 in archosaur paleontology
1:
3467:Fossil taxa described in 2017
2639:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.07.003
2250:Xu, X.; Norell, M.A. (2006).
2155:10.1080/08912963.2015.1005086
788:of the new genus and species
653:. There is no crest over the
2586:10.1371/journal.pone.0069723
2554:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.01.016
2391:10.1371/journal.pone.0069265
2351:10.1016/j.palwor.2007.07.001
2232:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.09.026
1987:10.1371/journal.pone.0045203
1404:Saurornithoides mongoliensis
812:honors the contributions of
1692:. Mammals present included
875:formed a unified group, or
848:; and its asymmetrical and
485:, the crest separating the
3493:
2305:. In Godefroit, P. (ed.).
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
3472:Taxa named by LĂĽ Junchang
3346:
3331:
2998:
2983:
2964:
2914:
2887:
2860:
2847:
2786:
2516:10.1007/s10914-014-9267-4
1898:10.1007/s00114-014-1143-9
1400:
1383:
1376:
1359:
1352:
1326:
1309:
1302:
1289:
1274:
1257:
1240:
1233:
1216:
1209:
1192:
1185:
1168:
1161:
1126:
1109:
1102:
1076:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1021:
1014:
996:
989:
965:
950:
943:
936:
255:
248:
131:Scientific classification
129:
124:
115:
23:
1838:10.3975/cagsb.2017.03.06
1826:Acta Geoscientica Sinica
1536:lines of arrested growth
1261:Gobivenator mongoliensis
550:dorsal (trunk) vertebrae
2720:10.1073/pnas.1011369108
2668:Senckenbergiana Lethaea
2197:10.1111/1755-6724.13307
1822:Liaoningvenator curriei
1680:such as the ubiquitous
1518:Thin sections from the
1291:Specimen MPC-D 100/140
1130:Liaoningvenator curriei
1113:Eosinopteryx brevipenna
790:Liaoningvenator curriei
329:on their top surfaces.
261:Liaoningvenator curriei
2481:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
2441:10.1098/rspb.2009.0203
2077:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
804:, meaning "hunter" in
734:(135% length) than in
502:, it is straight. The
461:pneumatic diverticulum
3424:Paleobiology Database
2185:Acta Geologica Sinica
2025:Nature Communications
1244:Sinornithoides youngi
865:phylogenetic analysis
840:; the replacement of
622:(59% length) than in
522:being an exception),
356:phylogenetic analysis
1313:Philovenator curriei
920:formed a group with
912:formed a group with
808:; the specific name
742:Discovery and naming
427:antorbital fenestrae
3457:Feathered dinosaurs
2627:Cretaceous Research
2382:2013PLoSO...869265H
2224:2017PPP...487..399C
2037:2013NatCo...4.1394G
1890:2014NW....101..131T
1878:Naturwissenschaften
1732:included the frogs
1277:Specimen IGM 100/44
1220:Byronosaurus jaffei
953:Scansoriopterygidae
689:, but backwards in
685:points forwards in
558:articular processes
3133:Jinfengopteryginae
2680:10.1007/BF03043910
2259:Geological Journal
2143:Historical Biology
2046:10.1038/ncomms2389
1584:, which forms the
1530:indicate that the
1063:Anchiornis huxleyi
850:subarctometatarsal
818:Philip John Currie
713:on its femur. The
546:cervical vertebrae
3439:
3438:
3379:Taxon identifiers
3370:
3369:
3342:
3341:
3329:
3328:
3121:Halszkaraptorinae
3033:Hesperornithoides
3011:Archaeornithoides
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2713:(13): 5179–5183.
2435:(1679): 229–236.
2316:978-0-253-35721-2
1942:(12): 1753–1766.
1744:; and the lizard
1505:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1341:
1340:
1330:Linhevenator tani
1150:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1091:
1090:
1080:Xiaotingia zhengi
978:
977:
926:phylogenetic tree
711:fourth trochanter
679:obturator process
645:, the top of the
319:Phillip J. Currie
275:
274:
244:
3484:
3432:
3431:
3419:
3418:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3374:
3360:
3359:
3337:
3299:Stenonychosaurus
3077:Polyodontosaurus
2996:
2985:
2912:
2885:
2858:
2849:
2842:
2841:
2788:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2750:
2743:
2742:
2732:
2722:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2647:
2641:. Archived from
2624:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2598:
2588:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2478:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2452:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2403:
2393:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2336:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2304:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2279:
2273:. Archived from
2265:(3–4): 419–437.
2256:
2247:
2236:
2235:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2182:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2149:(1–2): 128–138.
2138:
2132:
2131:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2074:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2048:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1961:
1952:
1951:
1933:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1853:
1842:
1841:
1817:
1630:ornithomimosaurs
1540:medullary cavity
1387:Zanabazar junior
1379:
1363:Troodon formosus
1355:
1305:
1236:
1212:
1188:
1164:
1105:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1017:
992:
946:
939:
932:
751:Yixian Formation
657:(hip socket) of
482:Stenonychosaurus
451:postorbital bone
431:secondary palate
302:Early Cretaceous
258:
238:
231:
218:
139:
138:
120:
110:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3427:
3422:
3414:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3387:Liaoningvenator
3381:
3371:
3366:
3338:
3325:
3292:Saurornithoides
3219:
3184:Sinovenatorinae
3178:
3157:Liaoningvenator
3127:
3113:Anchiornithidae
3055:Liaoningvenator
2992:
2971:
2948:
2928:
2901:
2874:
2868:Avemetatarsalia
2853:Avemetatarsalia
2843:
2793:
2792:
2782:
2777:
2747:
2746:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2271:10.1002/gj.1044
2254:
2249:
2248:
2239:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2018:
2017:
2013:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1948:10.1139/e01-065
1931:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1855:
1854:
1845:
1819:
1818:
1785:
1780:
1768:
1657:titanosauriform
1645:proceratosaurid
1586:Sinovenatorinae
1560:Liaoningvenator
1556:
1548:bone remodeling
1528:Liaoningvenator
1516:
1511:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1342:
1151:
1142:
1092:
999:Dromaeosauridae
979:
910:Liaoningvenator
873:Liaoningvenator
830:Liaoningvenator
826:
816:paleontologist
798:Liaoningvenator
747:Liaoningvenator
744:
738:(150% length).
732:Liaoningvenator
707:Liaoningvenator
695:Liaoningvenator
687:Liaoningvenator
659:Liaoningvenator
651:Liaoningvenator
620:Liaoningvenator
604:Liaoningvenator
598:process on the
592:
554:Liaoningvenator
542:
524:Liaoningvenator
494:Liaoningvenator
403:Liaoningvenator
400:
388:Liaoningvenator
384:
376:Liaoningvenator
364:Liaoningvenator
334:Liaoningvenator
323:Liaoningvenator
279:Liaoningvenator
271:
264:
237:
234:Liaoningvenator
229:
216:
133:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
27:
25:Liaoningvenator
17:
12:
11:
5:
3490:
3488:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3420:
3407:
3391:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3354:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3263:Latenivenatrix
3259:
3252:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3150:Jinfengopteryx
3146:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3085:Sinornithoides
3081:
3073:
3065:
3062:Papiliovenator
3058:
3051:
3043:
3040:Jianianhualong
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3007:
3004:Albertavenator
2999:
2993:
2988:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2861:
2855:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2830:
2821:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2791:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2744:
2693:
2674:(1): 109–118.
2658:
2633:(2): 235–244.
2610:
2559:
2548:(3): 255–269.
2529:
2490:
2464:
2415:
2356:
2345:(4): 265–271.
2322:
2315:
2290:
2237:
2202:
2191:(3): 763–780.
2168:
2133:
2086:
2060:
2011:
1953:
1919:
1884:(2): 131–142.
1867:
1862:The Dinosauria
1858:"Troodontidae"
1843:
1832:(3): 359–371.
1782:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1756:volcaniclastic
1747:Dalinghosaurus
1695:Acristatherium
1683:Psittacosaurus
1648:tyrannosauroid
1634:Shenzhousaurus
1625:Incisivosaurus
1621:oviraptorosaur
1609:microraptorine
1590:Jinfengopteryx
1576:Jinfengopteryx
1555:
1552:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:Talos sampsoni
1167:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
995:
990:
988:
985:
984:
981:
980:
976:
975:
972:
971:
964:
961:
960:
957:
956:
949:
944:
942:
937:
935:
930:
838:foramen magnum
825:
824:Classification
822:
779:Sinornithoides
753:in Shangyuan,
743:
740:
719:Sinornithoides
591:
588:
570:Sinornithoides
544:There are ten
541:
538:
533:Jinfengopteryx
499:Sinornithoides
487:parietal bones
473:Sauronithoides
399:
398:Skull and jaws
396:
383:
380:
316:paleontologist
314:, named after
286:hunter") is a
273:
272:
265:
253:
252:
246:
245:
227:
223:
222:
214:
210:
209:
204:
197:
196:
191:
184:
183:
178:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
122:
121:
113:
112:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
41:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3489:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3363:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3336:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2970:
2969:
2963:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2659:
2648:on 2017-10-25
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2579:(7): e69723.
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2487:(2): 193–204.
2486:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2376:(8): e69265.
2375:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2291:
2280:on 2016-03-03
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2112:10.1206/748.1
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2087:
2083:(2): 140–150.
2082:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1980:(9): e45203.
1979:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1735:Liaobatrachus
1731:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1616:Graciliraptor
1613:
1612:dromaeosaurid
1610:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:cortical bone
1529:
1525:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1464:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1429:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1056:
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842:neural spines
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469:quadrate bone
466:
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459:, there is a
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3477:Yixian fauna
3386:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3284:Philovenator
3282:
3275:
3270:Linhevenator
3268:
3261:
3256:Hypnovenator
3254:
3247:
3241:Byronosaurus
3239:
3232:
3225:Troodontinae
3212:
3205:
3198:
3193:Daliansaurus
3191:
3171:
3165:Philovenator
3163:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3140:
3119:
3111:
3104:
3097:
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3083:
3075:
3069:Paronychodon
3067:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3019:Geminiraptor
3017:
3009:
3002:
2990:Troodontidae
2968:Troodontidae
2966:
2934:Troodontidae
2832:
2823:
2814:
2780:Troodontidae
2710:
2706:
2696:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2650:. Retrieved
2643:the original
2630:
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2572:
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2541:
2510:(1): 17–43.
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2293:
2282:. Retrieved
2275:the original
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1689:Liaoceratops
1687:
1681:
1678:ceratopsians
1673:Jeholosaurus
1671:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1606:
1589:
1581:Daliansaurus
1579:
1575:
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1567:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1554:Paleoecology
1544:
1527:
1526:specimen of
1517:
1509:Paleobiology
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1128:
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1110:
1078:
1077:
1061:
1060:
1023:
1022:
1011:Troodontidae
997:
966:
951:
921:
917:
914:Eosinopteryx
913:
909:
907:
888:
884:
881:Eosinopteryx
880:
872:
862:
854:parasphenoid
829:
827:
809:
801:
797:
789:
783:
778:
774:
746:
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731:
718:
706:
702:
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671:Eosinopteryx
670:
666:
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658:
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640:
638:
625:Eosinopteryx
623:
619:
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581:
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531:
523:
517:
511:
497:
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491:
480:
476:
472:
454:
446:
440:
436:Byronosaurus
434:
412:
406:
402:
401:
387:
385:
375:
363:
349:
343:
339:Eosinopteryx
337:
333:
331:
322:
310:
309:
278:
277:
276:
267:
260:
259:
250:Type species
240:
233:
232:
220:Troodontidae
200:
187:
174:
24:
18:
3462:Troodontids
3249:Gobivenator
3214:Sinusonasus
3207:Sinovenator
3106:Xixiasaurus
3099:Tochisaurus
3026:Harenadraco
2922:Maniraptora
2907:Maniraptora
2500:Gobiconodon
2339:Palaeoworld
2218:: 399–406.
1725:Repenomamus
1719:Meemannodon
1707:Juchilestes
1701:Gobiconodon
1686:as well as
1594:Hauterivian
1568:Sinusonasus
1564:Sinovenator
1025:Sinovenator
863:Based on a
794:LĂĽ Junchang
736:Sinovenator
703:Sinovenator
583:Deinonychus
519:Sinusonasus
447:Xixiasaurus
442:Gobivenator
414:Xixiasaurus
408:Sinovenator
390:is a small
382:Description
3446:Categories
3350:See also:
3277:Pectinodon
2943:see below↓
2819:Dinosauria
2810:Sauropsida
2652:2017-12-03
2284:2017-12-03
1778:References
1741:Mesophryne
1713:Maotherium
1669:ornithopod
922:Xiaotingia
918:Anchiornis
890:Xiaotingia
885:Anchiornis
846:astragalus
771:death pose
727:metatarsal
667:Anchiornis
663:Anchiornis
655:acetabulum
634:metacarpal
566:Anchiornis
513:Xiaotingia
465:jugal bone
419:premaxilla
392:troodontid
351:Xiaotingia
345:Anchiornis
311:L. curriei
292:troodontid
282:(meaning "
194:Saurischia
181:Dinosauria
3402:Q30115163
3320:Zanabazar
3313:Urbacodon
3234:Borogovia
2895:Theropoda
2880:Theropoda
2828:Theropoda
2796:Kingdom:
2163:128725436
2120:2246/6352
2106:: 1–206.
1730:tetrapods
1664:Euhelopus
1602:Barremian
1514:Histology
661:, unlike
548:, twelve
540:Vertebrae
477:Zanabazar
456:Zanabazar
360:paravians
300:from the
207:Theropoda
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
36:126
31:Barremian
3416:11166123
3396:Wikidata
3362:Category
3352:Timeline
3047:Koparion
2804:Chordata
2802:Phylum:
2798:Animalia
2739:21393569
2688:83907519
2605:23922783
2573:PLOS ONE
2524:18318649
2459:19419990
2410:23950887
2370:PLOS ONE
2128:83572446
2055:23340434
2031:: 1394.
2006:23028847
1974:PLOS ONE
1968:Mei long
1914:13920021
1906:24441791
1766:See also
1728:. Other
1660:sauropod
1524:holotype
1196:Mei long
903:coracoid
814:Canadian
802:-venator
759:Liaoning
596:acromion
578:chevrons
298:dinosaur
295:theropod
284:Liaoning
213:Family:
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
3306:Troodon
3173:Tamarro
2837:Paraves
2808:Class:
2730:3069172
2596:3724893
2450:2842663
2401:3739782
2378:Bibcode
2220:Bibcode
2033:Bibcode
1997:3459897
1886:Bibcode
1752:fluvial
1604:epoch.
1522:of the
968:Avialae
899:Paraves
879:, with
869:Xu Xing
856:of its
810:curriei
755:Beipiao
675:ischium
630:phalanx
612:humerus
608:glenoid
600:scapula
562:derived
504:dentary
463:in the
423:maxilla
226:Genus:
105:↓
3429:391222
2737:
2727:
2686:
2603:
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2004:
1994:
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1722:, and
1676:; and
1667:; the
1655:; the
1652:Dilong
1643:; the
1640:Hexing
1628:; the
1619:; the
1574:, and
916:while
887:, and
858:palate
767:Dalian
723:tarsus
709:has a
681:. The
639:As in
479:, and
445:, and
433:as in
417:, the
372:strata
368:femora
270:, 2017
268:et al.
243:, 2017
241:et al.
3142:Almas
3092:Talos
2833:Clade
2824:Clade
2815:Clade
2684:S2CID
2646:(PDF)
2623:(PDF)
2520:S2CID
2477:(PDF)
2335:(PDF)
2303:(PDF)
2278:(PDF)
2255:(PDF)
2181:(PDF)
2159:S2CID
2124:S2CID
2073:(PDF)
1932:(PDF)
1910:S2CID
1760:lahar
1520:tibia
877:clade
834:crown
806:Latin
763:China
715:tibia
683:pubis
647:ilium
618:, in
616:femur
590:Limbs
528:basal
306:China
288:genus
266:Shen
239:Shen
201:Clade
188:Clade
175:Clade
3411:GBIF
2920:see
2893:see
2866:see
2735:PMID
2601:PMID
2455:PMID
2406:PMID
2311:ISBN
2051:PMID
2002:PMID
1902:PMID
1754:and
1738:and
1637:and
895:taxa
777:and
669:and
594:The
572:and
506:and
411:and
348:and
336:was
44:Preęž’
3200:Mei
2725:PMC
2715:doi
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2676:doi
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2581:doi
2550:doi
2546:302
2512:doi
2445:PMC
2437:doi
2433:277
2396:PMC
2386:doi
2347:doi
2267:doi
2228:doi
2216:487
2193:doi
2151:doi
2116:hdl
2108:doi
2104:371
2041:doi
1992:PMC
1982:doi
1944:doi
1894:doi
1882:101
1834:doi
1572:Mei
775:Mei
699:Mei
691:Mei
642:Mei
602:of
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