Lingayatism - Knowledge (XXG)

2099:* Schouten (1995): "The death of Basava certainly did not bring the Virasaiva movement to an end Virasaivism gained a firm foothold in Hindu culture. In this process of consolidation, it was felt to be appropriate to emphasize the agreements, rather than the deviations, with the dominant religion. Hence, the Virasaivas tended to present themselves as pure Hindus who shared the age-old religious tradition. This went so far that the role of Basava as the founder of the movement was downplayed. Virasaivas even claimed that their school of thought already existed long before Basava. In their imagination, they sometimes traced the history of Virasaivism back to primordial times. Legends arose among them which related that five teachers, sprung from the five faces of Siva, descended to earth, in each of the ages of the world under different names, in order to preach the eternal truth of Virasaivism. Basava would have been nothing more than a reviver of this religion which had existed from times immemorial." 997:

supporting Lingayatism as "not Hinduism" attracted almost 200,000 people, while the issue further divides the Lingayat and Veerashaiva communities, and various opinions exist within the Lingayat and Veerashaiva communities. According to India Today, "Veerashaivas claim that the two communities are one and the same," while orthodox Lingayats claim that they are different. Veerashaivas further "owe allegiance to various religious centres (mutts), the Lingayats mostly follow their own gurus." Nevertheless, some mutts support the campaign for the status of a separate religion, while "others content to be counted as a caste within Hinduism."

2101:* Bairy: ", mentions that many Lingayaths took objections to him mentioning Basava as the founder of Veerashaivism in his writings. Finding that very strange and unfathomable, he asks a Lingayath friend about the reasons for this. The friend tells him how that very question - of whether Basava is the founder of Veerashaivism (accepting which would not only mean that it is dated to as recent as the twelfth century but also subverts the Panchacharya tradition which claimed a more antiquarian past) or just a reformer - was a major bone of contention between the two sections of Lingayaths. 1727: 756: 1197: 1757: 1583:(work) and the transformative potential of "one's work in the here and now". According to Schouten, Siddharama and Allama debated the doctrine of karma as the law of work and merit, but Allama persuaded Siddharama that such merit is a low-level mechanism, and real mystical achievement transcends "the sphere of works and rewards" and is void of self-interest. These ideas, states Schouten, are similar to those found in Bhagavad Gita which teaches "work must be done without any attachment to the results". 1689:– one of the important pilgrimage sites for Lingayats, and other historic temples, the Shiva temple is operated and maintained by Lingayat priests. Many rural Lingayat communities include the images of Shiva, Parvati and Ganesha in their wedding invitations, while Ganesha festivities are observed by both rural and urban Lingayats in many parts of Karnataka. Colonial-era reports by British officials confirm that Lingayats observed Ganesha Chaturthi in the 19th century. 706:, "Lingayats are followers of Basavanna," while Veerashaivism is a Vedic Shaiva tradition, which "accepts the Vedic text." Basava's reform movement attracted Shaivite Brahmins from Andhra Pradesh; a century after Basava, "their descendants started mixing practices from their former religion with Lingayatism." Basava's teachings also got mixed-up with Vedic teachings because much sharana literature was lost after the exile of sharana authors from the Bijjala kingdom. 676:. According to Iyer and other scholars, the Lingayatism theology emerged as a definitive egalitarian movement in this theological milieu, growing rapidly beyond north Karnataka. The Lingayats, states Burjor Avari quoting Jha, were "extremely anti-Jain". The Veerashaiva philosophy enabled Lingayats to "win over the Jains to Shiva worship". The Lingayats were also anti-Brahmin as evidenced by the polemics against the Brahmins in early Veerashaiva literature. 6640: 1035: 7164: 7174: 46: 6193: 6184: 1350: 538:, a form of devotional poetry. The tradition also emphasizes Kayaka (work) and Dasoha (service) as forms of worship, underscoring the sanctity of labor and service to others. Unlike mainstream Hinduism, Lingayatism rejects scriptural authority of vedas and puranas, ritualistic practices, and the concept of rebirth, promoting a direct, personal experience of the divine. 736:, while "Veerashaivas' claim that the two communities are one and the same," orthodox Lingayats claim that they are different. Lingayats claim that Veerashaivas do not truly follow Basava, accept Vedic literature, and "worship idols of Lord Shiva." Veerashaivas further "owe allegiance to various religious centres (mutts), the Lingayats mostly follow their own gurus." 468: 6218: 1896:

philosophical thought pertaining to the Lingayata. It was presided over by the mystic Allamaprabhu, and numerous sharanas from all over Karnataka and other parts of India were participants. This institution also helped propagate Lingayatism religious and philosophical thought. Akka Mahadevi, Channabasavanna and Basavanna himself were participants in the

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as well as their exogamous relationships with the royal family. Lingayats persisted in their claims for decades, and their persistence was strengthened by Lingayat presence within the government, and a growing level of literacy and employment in journalism and the judiciary. In 1926, the Bombay High Court ruled that "the Veerashaivas are not Shudras."

202: 964:, Lingayats traditionally believed themselves to be equal in status to Brahmins, and some orthodox Lingayats were so anti-Brahmin that they would not eat food cooked or handled by Brahmins. The egalitarian Lingayats, states Srinivas, had been a major force in Sanskritization of Kannada-speaking (Karnataka) and nearby regions but against elitism. 1549: 1157:

after death. This remark about "rejecting rebirth" was repeated by others, states Schrader, and it led to the question whether Lingayatism is a religion distinct from other Indian religions such as Hinduism where metempsychosis and rebirth is a fundamental premise. According to Schrader, Dubois was incorrect and Lingayat texts such as

1960:. Currently, 16 castes of Lingayats have been accorded the OBC status by the Central Government. According to one of the estimates by a Lingayat politician around 7 per cent of people in Lingayat community come under SC and STs. Veerashaiva Lingayats get OBC reservation at state level in both Karnataka and Telangana. 2199:* The Hindu (11 December 2000): "Mallaradhya, who became a prominent politician after his retirement from the IAS, had laid claim to the non-Hindu tag in the mid-Seventies at a time when the Devaraj Urs government had appointed the First Karnataka Backward Class Commission, headed by Mr. L.G.Havanur." 1000:

In March 2018, the Nagamohan Das committee advised "to form a separate religion status for the Lingayats community." In response, the Karnataka government approved this separate religious status, a decision which was decried by Veerashaivas. It recommended the Indian government to grant the religious

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After initially supporting Basava, king Bijjala II disagreed with Basava's rejection of caste distinctions. In 1167 the Veerashaivas were repressed, and most of them left Kalyāna, Bijjala's new capital, spreading Basava's teachings into a wider area in southern India. The king was assassinated by the

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disagrees, stating that "Lingayats are Veerashaivas, we are Hindus" and considers this as creating religious differences, dividing people and politicizing of religion. According to the Indian Times, "both Lingayats and Veerashaivas have been strong supporters of the saffron party for over a decade,"

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Lingayatism is often considered a Hindu sect. because it shares beliefs with Indian religions, and "their beliefs are syncretistic and include an assemblage of many Hindu elements, including the name of their god, Shiva, who is one of the chief figures of the Hindu pantheon." Its worship is centred

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According to Ramanujan, "A modern attempt was made to show Lingayats as having a religion separate from Hindu when Lingayats received discrete entry in the Indian constitution of 1950." Individuals and community leaders have made intermittent claims for the legal recognition of either being distinct

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Lingayats believe that the human body is a temple. In addition, they have continued to build the community halls and Shaiva temple traditions of South India. Their temples include Shiva linga in the sanctum, a sitting Nandi facing the linga, with mandapa and other features. However, the prayers and

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and repeatedly mention it in their Shiva poetry. For example, states Ramanujan, Mahadeviyakka mentions karma and resulting chain of rebirths that are cut short by bhakti to Shiva. Lingayatism has the concepts of karma and dharma, but the Lingayatism doctrine of karma is not one of fate and destiny.

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confirm that metempsychosis is a fundamental premise of Lingayatism. According to Schrader, Lingayats believe that if they live an ethical life then this will be their last life, and they will merge into Shiva, a belief that has fed the confusion that they do not believe in rebirth. According to R.

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According to Schouten, in the early 20th century Lingayats tried to raise their social status, by stressing the specific characteristics of their history and of their religious thought as being distinctive from the Brahmin-dominated Hindu-culture. In the 1910s, the narrative of Basava and Allama as

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After being placed in the shudra category in the 1881 census, Lingayats demanded a higher caste status. This was objected and ridiculed by a Brahmin named Ranganna who said that Lingayats were not Shaiva Brahmins given their eclectic occupations that included washermen, traders, farmers and others,

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philosophy and theology as well as the movement, states Blake Michael, while Lingayata refers to the modern community, sect or caste that adheres to this philosophy. In the contemporary era, some state that Veerashaiva is a (sub)tradition within Lingayatism with Vedic influences, and these sources

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Lingayatism is known for its unique practice of Ishtalinga worship, where adherents carry a personal linga symbolizing a constant, intimate relationship with Shiva. A radical feature of Lingayatism is its staunch opposition to the caste system and advocacy for social equality, challenging societal

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Indologist F. Otto Schrader was among early scholars who studied Lingayat texts and its stand on metempsychosis. According to Schrader, it was Abbe Dubois who first remarked that Lingayatism rejects metempsychosis – the belief that the soul of a human being or animal transmigrates into a new body

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Historically, Lingayats were known as "Virashaivas" or "ardent, heroic worshippers of Shiva." According to Blake Michael, Veerashaivism refers both to a "philosophical or theological system as well as to the historical, social and religious movement which originated from that system." Lingayatism

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Other scholars state that Lingayatism is more complex than the description of the Veerashaiva scholar Sripati. It united diverse spiritual trends during Basava's era. Jan Peter Schouten states that it tends towards monotheism with Shiva as the godhead, but with a strong awareness of the monistic

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After Basava's death, Shaivism consolidated its influence in southern India, meanwhile adjusting to Hindu orthodoxy. Basava's nephew Channabasava organised the community and systematised Virasaiva theology, moving the Virashaiva community toward the mainstream Hindu culture. Basava's role in the

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Bairy: "The Panchacharya tradition, the Mathas which belonged to it and the (upper) castes which owed their allegiance to them were accused by those espousing the Viraktha tradition of actively collaborating with the Brahmins in order to defame the 'progressive' twelfth century movement, which

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According to Virasaivism, skilful work and service to one's community, without discrimination, is a means to experiencing the divine, a sentiment that continues to be revered in present-day Virasaivas. According to Jan Peter Schouten, this doctrine is philosophically rooted in the more ancient

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In early decades of the 19th century, the Lingayats were described by British officials such as Francis Buchanan as a conglomeration of Hindu castes with enormous diversity and eclectic, egalitarian social system that accepted converts from all social strata and religions. However, the British

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The Virasaivas were an important part of the Vijayanagara empire army. They fought the Bijapur Sultans, and the Virasaiva leader Sadasiva Nayaka played a key role in leading the capture of Sultanate fortress such as at Gulbarga. This success led to Nayaka being appointed as the governor of the

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According to Sri Sharanbasava Devaru of Charanteshwar Mutt, interviewed in 2013, Lingayatism is a separate religion, distinct from the Hindu cultural identity, while Veerashaivism is a Shaivite sect "based on Vedic philosophy." Sri Sharanbasava Devaru further states that Veerashaivism "started

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In 2017, the demands for a separate religious identity gained further momentum on the eve of the 2018 elections in Karnataka. While the Congress party supports the calls for Lingayatism as a separate religion, the BJP regards Lingayats as Veerashaivas and Hindus. In August 2017, a rally march

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started a campaign for recognition of "Veerashaivas or Lingayats" as a non-Hindu religion, and a separate listing in the Census. Recognition as a religious minority would make Lingayats "eligible for rights to open and manage educational institutions given by the Constitution to religious and

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Arguments centre on the wording of legislation, such as "This Act applies to a Hindu by religion... including Veerashaiva, a Lingayat," making a distinction between Lingayats and Veerashaivas. Others opposed the campaign, noting that "the population of Lingayats would be mentioned separately

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According to S.M. Jamdar, "who is spearheading the demand" in 2017/2018 for recognition of Lingayats as a separate religion, and M.B. Patil, Chandan Gowda also claims that "the Lingayats were recorded as a caste within the Hindu religion for the first time in the 1881 census done in Mysore

2224:, "to outflank the BJP in a poll year." According to India Today, reporting August 2017, the ruling Congress party has publicly endorsed that Lingayatism is a separate religious group, not Hinduism. In contrast, the BJP Party leader, former Karnataka chief minister and a Lingayat follower 1895:

literally means the "hall of spiritual experience". It has been a Lingayat institution since the time of Basava, serving as an academy of mystics, saints and poet-philosophers for discussion of spiritual and mundane questions of life, in open. It was the fountainhead of all religious and

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origins of Shaivism was downplayed, and a mythology developed in which the origins of Veerashaivism were attributed to the five Panchacharyas, descending to earth in the different world-ages to teach Shaivism. In this narrative, Basava was regarded as a reviver of this ancient teaching.

618:. The adherents of Lingayatism are known as "Lingayats". In historical literature, they are sometimes referred to as Lingawants, Lingangis, Lingadharis, Sivabhaktas, Virasaivas or Veerashaivas. The term Lingayat is based on the practice of both genders of Lingayats wearing an 1624:, and which means "I am He". This social ethic is also found among other Hindu communities of South India, and includes community provisioning of grains and sharing other essentials particularly with poorer members of society and those affected by natural or other disasters. 828:

traditions, over the 7th- to 11th-century. However, Basava championed devotional worship that rejected temple worship with rituals led by Brahmins, and emphasized personalised direct worship of Shiva through practices such as individually worn icons and symbols like a small

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have been seeking a political recognition of Lingayatism to be separate from Veerashaivism, and Lingayatism to be a separate religion. In contrast, Veerashaivas consider the two contemporary (sub)traditions to be "one and the same community" belonging to Hinduism.

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and historian A. Veerappa notes that "Congress has carefully crafted a divide within the Lingayat community by fuelling the issue," cornering BJP-leader Yeddyurappa on the issue, who "has been forced to stress the common identity of Lingayats and Veerashaivas."

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is made up of a small blue-black stone coated with fine durable thick black paste of cow dung ashes mixed with some suitable oil to withstand wear and tear. It is viewed as a "living, moving" divinity of the Lingayat devotee. Every day, the devotee removes the

695:, which was written in Sanskrit, and gives an elaboration of "the primitive traits of Veerashaivism in the Vedas and the Upanishads" and "the concrete features given to it in the latter parts (Uttarabhaga) of the Saivagamas." While Veerashaivas regard the 2175:

According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, "According to South Indian oral tradition, he was the actual founder of the Lingayats, but study of Kalachuri inscriptions indicates that, rather than founding a new sect, he in fact revived an existing

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region (Karnataka-Andhra Pradesh border region). After the collapse of the Vijayanagara empire, the Lingayat Keladi/Ikkeri dynasty ruled the coastal Karnataka till the invasion and their defeat by Hyder Ali seeking a Mysore-based Sultanate.

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Ramanujan (1973): "But we believe Lingayats to be Hindus because their beliefs are syncretistic and include an assemblage of many Hindu elements, including the name of their god, Shiva, who is one of the chief figures of the Hindu

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While they accept the concept of transmigration of soul (metempsychosis, reincarnation), they believe that Lingayats are in their last lifetime, and believe that will be reunited with Shiva after their death by wearing the

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officials also noted the endogamous tradition and hereditary occupations of many Lingayats, which made their classification difficult. In the 1871 and the 1881 colonial era census of British India, Lingayats were listed as

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grew out of the scholarly discussions in an Anubhava Mantapa, and according to Bill Aitken, these were "compiled at the Vijayanagara court during the reign of Praudha Deva Raya". Similarly, the scripture of Lingayatism

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is wrapped in a cloth housed in a small silver and wooden box. It is to be worn on the chest, over the seat of the indwelling deity within the heart. Some people wear it on the chest or around the body using a thread.

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priests but by Lingayat priests. The temple format is simpler than those of Jains and Hindus found in north Karnataka. In some parts of Karnataka, these temples are samadhis of Lingayat saints, in others such as the

1300:(soul) is the body of God, and that there is no difference between Shiva and Atman (self, soul), Shiva is one's Atman, one's Atman is Shiva. Sripati's analysis places Lingayatism in a form closer to the 11th century 6053: 2201:* Encyclopedia Britannica: "In the early 21st century some Lingayats began to call for legal recognition by the Indian government as a religion distinct from Hinduism or, alternatively, as a caste within Hinduism." 1643:

and provides the ishtalinga to the mother, who then ties it to her own ishtalinga until birth. At birth the mother secures the new ishtalinga to her child. Upon attaining the age of 8–11 years, the child receives

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tradition criticised "he Panchacharya tradition, the Mathas which belonged to it and the (upper) castes which owed their allegiance to them" for their support of Brahmins and their deviation from Basava's ideals.

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According to Gauri Lankesh, Veerashaivism is preserved and transmitted by five peethas (Rambhapuri, Ujjaini, Kedar, Shreeshail, Kashi), which play an essential role in the Veerashaiva tradition. In contrast, the

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Encyclopedia Britannica: "Basava, (flourished 12th century, South India), Hindu religious reformer, teacher, theologian, and administrator of the royal treasury of the Kalachuri-dynasty king Bijjala I (reigned

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The Virasaiva dynasty Nayaka rulers built major 16th to 18th-century shrines and seminaries of Lingayatism, repaired and built new Hindu and Jain temples, sponsored major Hindu monasteries such as the Advaita

6009: 6028: 4492: 2854:, Quote: "In the long run, however, their influence in Karnataka waned owing to the rise of the Lingayat sect of the Virashaivas, led by a saint known as Basav. The Lingayats were extremely anti-Jain." 5721: 2220:

In July 2017, Congress – the political party in power in Karnataka – formed a team to "evolve public opinion in favour of declaring Veerashaiva Lingayat community as a separate religion", according to

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from the family Guru to know the proper procedure to perform pooja of ishtalinga. From birth to death, the child wears the Linga at all times and it is worshipped as a personal ishtalinga. The

840:.Basavanna rejected gender or social discrimination, and caste distinctions, as well as some extant practices such as the wearing of sacred thread, and replaced this with the ritual of wearing 1234:

is that void and distinctions which a spiritual journey seeks to fill and eliminate. It is the described as state of union of one's soul with the infinite Shiva, the state of blissful moksha.

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Thus bhakti progresses from external icon-aided loving devotional worship of Shiva to deeper fusion of awareness with abstract Shiva, ultimately to advaita (oneness) of one's soul and god for

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Out of 99 castes listed within the Lingayat community, about 20 come under SC and another 15 come under OBC...According to sources, about 7 per cent of Lingayats come under SC/ST category.

1912:, especially in North and Central Karnataka with a sizeable population native to South Karnataka. Lingayats have been estimated to be about 16% of Karnataka's population and about 6-7% of 1733: 5848: 2247:

Levinson & Christensen (2002): "The Lingayats are a Hindu sect concentrated in the state of Karnataka (a southern provincial state of India), which covers 191,773 square kilometres."

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For an overview of the Shaiva Traditions, see Flood, Gavin, "The Śaiva Traditions", in: Flood (2003), pp. 200–228. For an overview that concentrates on the Tantric forms of Śaivism, see

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The origins of Lingayatism is traced to the 11th- and 12th-century CE in a region that includes northern Karnataka and nearby districts of South India. This region was a stronghold of

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the "founding pillars" of the Lingayats gained new importance for the identity of parts of the Lingayat-community, with other parts responded with rejection of this "resurrection."

5985: 2197:* Ramanuja (1973): "A modern attempt was made to show Lingayats as having a religion separate from Hindu when Lingayats received discrete entry in the Indian constitution of 1950. 1569:

as "worship, ritual", while others translate it as "work, labour". The slogan is attributed to Basava, and generally interpreted to signify a work ethic for all social classes.

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Lingayatism considers the Vedas as a means, but not the sanctimonious end. It rejected various forms of ritualism and the uncritical adherence to any text including the Vedas.

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Several works are attributed to the founder of Lingayatism movement, Basava, and these texts are revered in the Lingayat community. In particular, these include various

5945: 3612: 858:(or, the "hall of spiritual experience"), which welcomed men and women from all socio-economic backgrounds to discuss spiritual and mundane questions of life, in open. 993:

president was still lobbying for recognition of Lingayatism as a separate religion, arguing that Lingayatism rejects the social discrimination propagated by Hinduism.

898:. The Lingayats likely were a part of the reason why Vijayanagara succeeded in territorial expansion and in withstanding the Deccan Sultanate wars. The Lingayat text 6006: 781:

The traditional legends and hagiographic texts state Basava to be the founder of the Lingayats and its secular practices. He was a 12th-century Hindu philosopher,

6110: 1608:. Regardless of one's vocation, Lingayatism suggests giving and donating a part of one's time, effort and income to one's community and to religious mendicants. 6025: 5517: 4484: 2303: 1174:

Blake Michael, rebirth and ways to end rebirth was extensively discussed by Basava, Allama Prabhu, Siddharameshawar and other religious saints of Lingayatism.

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Mangaldas, Aditi; Vaidyanathan, Nirupama (2014), "Aditi Mangaldas: Interviewed by Nirupama Vaidyanathan", in Katrak, Ketu H.; Ratnam, Anita (eds.),

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Ishwaran, K. (1981). Bhakti Tradition and Modernization: the case of Lingayatism. In Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements (pp. 72-82). Brill.

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idea of Vedanta, that is the eternal unchanging metaphysical reality as "personified void". Alternate names for this concept of Hinduism, include

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According to Chandan Gowda, these five mathas "predate Basava." Yet, according to Schouten, monasteries of the older Saiva schools, "such as the

1337:, states Schouten, in that Basava emphasises the path of devotion, compared to Shankara's emphasis on the path of knowledge—a system of monistic 5845: 2050:

Roshen Dalal (2010): "The linga is worshipped by all Shaivites, but it is the special emblem of the Lingayats or Virashaivas, a Shaivite sect."

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Shaivism, which was supported by the ruling classes, was dominant, and in control of the monasteries. The Sharana-movement was inspired by the

257: 5758: 4226: 7102: 6978: 5565: 5533: 5476: 5444: 5327: 5236: 5204: 5103: 5062: 4959: 4927: 4895: 4845: 4813: 4771: 4749: 4690: 4658: 4426: 4272:"Book reviews and notices : K. ISHWARAN: Religion and sotiety among the Lingayats of South India. New Delhi: Vikas, 1983. 155 pp. Rs 75" 4199: 4148: 4109: 3656: 3389: 3350: 3308: 3237: 2914: 2875: 2835: 2654: 2411: 1957: 928:. Another group of Virasaivas merchants turned warriors of the Vijayanagara empire were successful in defeating the Deccan Sultanates in the 496: 5801: 5977: 4819: 4755: 3662: 2920: 2841: 2660: 7213: 6983: 5210: 5036: 4632: 4205: 4154: 3939: 3395: 2723: 5411: 5375: 5357: 5307: 5289: 4875: 5511: 5393: 5271: 5135: 4781: 4729: 3933: 5874: 1153:. Lingayats are not cremated, but "are buried in a sitting, meditative position, holding their personal linga in the right hand." 7233: 6166: 878:," were taken over by the Virasaivas. Two kinds of monastic orders developed. Due to their roots in the traditional schools, the 638:

refers to the modern adherents of this religion. The term Lingayats came to be commonly used during the British colonial period.

580:. Lingayatism has its own pilgrimage places, temples, shrines and religious poetry based on Shiva. Today, Lingayats, along with 7228: 7218: 5774: 5125: 1565:

is a slogan in Veerashaivism. It means "work is heaven" or "to work is to be in the Lord's Kingdom ". Some scholars translate

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apparently spoke against caste distinctions and often incurred the displeasure of the upper castes within the Lingayath fold."

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Lingayatism is generally considered a Hindu sect because their beliefs include many Hindu elements. Worship is centered on

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can be performed at any age, it is usually performed when a fetus in the womb is 7–8 months old. The family Guru performs

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Schouten, J. P. (1995). Revolution of the mystics: On the Social Aspects of Vīraśaivism. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.

854:(loving devotion) to god Shiva. As the chief minister of his kingdom, he introduced new public institutions such as the 687:, namely Renukacharya, Darukacharya, Ekorama, Panditharadhya, and Vishweswara, and first taught by Renukacharya to sage 6106: 5623: 6159: 2407: 1196: 5499: 4416: 2211:

alongside those of Arya Samajists and a few others considered as subgroups of Hinduism in the final Census figures."

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According to Venugolan, the Lingayatism views on karma and free will is also found in some early texts of Hinduism.

1220:, in a series of Kannada language texts, is equated with the Virashaiva concept of the Supreme. In particular, the 2082:* Roshen Dalal (2010): "Lingayats or Virashaivas, a Shaivite sect."; "A Shaivite sect, also known as Virashaivas." 770:, which started in the 11th century, is regarded by some as the start of Veerashaivism. It started in a time when 7223: 7021: 6968: 6723: 6678: 5196:

The Origins of Vīraśaiva Sects: A Typological Analysis of Ritual and Associational Patterns in the Śūnyasaṃpādane

1686: 794: 489: 1329:. Schouten calls this as a synthesis of Ramanuja's Vishishtadvaita and Shankara's Advaita traditions, naming it 7016: 6657: 6488: 5680: 886:"constituted the true Virasaiva monastic organisation, shaped by the ideals of Basava and his contemporaries." 6076:"Karnataka recommends minority status for Lingayat community: Will it impact Congress, BJP in upcoming polls?" 7056: 6530: 816:

family with a tradition of Shaivism. As a leader, he developed and inspired a new devotional movement named

7051: 7026: 6973: 6207: 2393: 2071:, edited by Stephen Sutherland, Leslie Houlden, Peter Clarke and Friedhelm Hardy, London: Routledge, 1988. 1469:, the eight-fold armour that shields the devotee from extraneous distraction and worldly attachments. The 1849: 7243: 7107: 7036: 798: 1381:

Sadāchāra – Attention to vocation and duty, and adherence to the seven rules of conduct issued by

1208:(sacred ash on forehead) are other symbols adopted as a constant reminder of one's principles of faith. 699:

to predate Basava, it may actually have been composed in the 13th or 14th century, post-dating Basava.

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Great Events in Religion: An Encyclopedia of Pivotal Events in Religious History [3 volumes]

4236:, The Print, Quote: "For instance, he questioned the celebration of Ganesh Chaturthi by Lingayats " 1928:

in medieval era. The Lingayat diaspora can be found in countries around the world, particularly the

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monastic organisation upheld "the ideals of Basava and his contemporaries." According to Bairy, the

553:, with philosophical foundations similar to those of the 11th–12th-century South Indian philosopher 7006: 7001: 6664: 6521: 6334: 6257: 5753: 4460:"Karnataka govt. scraps Muslim quota of 4%, increases quota of Lingayats and Vokkaligas by 2% each" 2136:," were taken over by the Virasaivas. Two kinds of monastic orders developed, the more conservative 1869: 1834: 895: 513: 267: 7173: 1105:

Lingayatism teaches a path to an individual's spiritual progress, and describes it as a six-stage

7031: 6940: 6787: 6765: 6349: 5182: 4998: 4291: 4002: 3525: 3517: 2455: 2431: 589: 328: 1868:, but they did not outright reject the Vedic knowledge. The 13th-century Telugu Virashaiva poet 425: 6026:'Veerashaivas are Lingayats and they are Hindus, no question of separate religion': Yeddyurappa 2396:(eds.). "The Tangled Roots of Vīraśaivism: On the Vīramāheśvara Textual Culture of Srisailam". 7167: 7149: 7087: 6737: 6629: 6447: 6400: 5688: 5561: 5507: 5472: 5440: 5407: 5389: 5371: 5353: 5323: 5303: 5285: 5267: 5232: 5200: 5131: 5099: 5058: 5026: 4955: 4923: 4891: 4871: 4841: 4809: 4803: 4777: 4745: 4739: 4725: 4686: 4654: 4422: 4195: 4144: 4105: 3929: 3652: 3646: 3549: 3385: 3346: 3304: 3233: 2910: 2904: 2871: 2831: 2825: 2650: 2644: 2447: 2439: 2423: 1969: 1357: 925: 456: 420: 415: 410: 5194: 5010: 4626: 4189: 4138: 3923: 3444: 3379: 2811: 2717: 2602: 7097: 7092: 7082: 7011: 6935: 6887: 6829: 6819: 6809: 6802: 6782: 6709: 6431: 6421: 6354: 6344: 5174: 4990: 4283: 3994: 3509: 2691: 2415: 2060: 1897: 1701: 1613: 1297: 942: 581: 577: 550: 451: 173: 1281: 727:

gaining importance only after 1904 with some mutts mixing Veerashaivism with Lingayatism."

7177: 7072: 6902: 6850: 6639: 6590: 6468: 6329: 6324: 6252: 6032: 6013: 5919: 5897: 5878: 5852: 5784: 5762: 5730: 5627: 4233: 1880:

and the shastras." Somanatha repeatedly stated that "he was a scholar of the four Vedas".

1830: 1812: 1802: 1736: 1718: 1706: 1640: 1450:

as the supreme divine being and upholding the equality and well-being of all human beings.

1378:

Lingāchāra – Daily worship of the individual Ishtalinga icon, one to three times day.

1301: 1265:

in certain texts. However, both in Lingayatism and various flavors of Vaishnavism such as

1222: 1080: 821: 820:, or "ardent, heroic worshippers of Shiva". This movement shared its roots in the ongoing 790: 767: 472: 364: 349: 252: 144: 126: 2827:

India: The Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Subcontinent from c. 7000 BCE to CE 1200

2626: 1876:—a scripture of Veerashaivas, for example asserted, "Virashaivism fully conformed to the 1296:

terms, stating Lingayatism to be a form of qualified non-dualism, wherein the individual

1285:

concept of Buddhism. However, there is some overlap, such as in the works of Bhima Bhoi.

5871: 4919:

Princely India Re-imagined: A Historical Anthropology of Mysore from 1799 to the present

7041: 6648: 5260: 5228:

Architecture and Art of Southern India: Vijayanagara and the Successor States 1350-1750

4981:

Ishwaran, K. (1980), "Bhakti, Tradition and Modernization: The Case of "Lingayatism"",

1933: 1034: 961: 938: 900: 189: 4868:

A History of Indian Literature, 500–1399: From Courtly to the Popular, Sahitya Akademi

2084:* Encyclopedia Britannica: Encyclopedia Britannica: "Lingayat, also called Virashaiva" 1022:. They believe that they will be reunited with Shiva after their death by wearing the 945:. They also started new towns and merchant centres in coastal and interior Karnataka. 7192: 6945: 6917: 6824: 6548: 6370: 6339: 6314: 6242: 6237: 5950: 5002: 4295: 3529: 2459: 2019:* Encyclopedia Britannica: "Lingayat, also called Virashaiva, member of a Hindu sect" 1929: 1917: 1873: 1825: 1817: 1761: 1353: 1246: 1227: 1039: 907: 894:

In the 14th-15th century, a Lingayat revival took place in northern Karnataka in the

850:, by every person regardless of his or her birth, to be a constant reminder of one's 703: 647: 385: 359: 354: 242: 237: 138: 132: 5436:

The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen

2682:

Wolf, Herbert C. (1978). "The Linga as Center: A Study in Religious Phenomenology".

1333:, that is monism fused with Shakti beliefs. But Basava's approach is different than 1001:

minority status to the sect. Central Government later declined this recommendation.

6870: 6845: 6744: 6716: 6671: 6380: 6375: 6319: 3985:

Venugopal, C. N. (1990). "Reformist Sects and the Sociology of Religion in India".

1807: 1667:. Devout Lingayats do not consume meat of any kind including fish. The drinking of 1334: 1313: 912: 395: 390: 369: 150: 5978:"How Religious Minority Status to Lingayats would Impact Karnataka Elections 2018" 1602:

means "service", and more specifically "service to other Lingayats" including the

1519: 201: 45: 5555: 5466: 5434: 5317: 5226: 5093: 5052: 4949: 4917: 4885: 4835: 4680: 4648: 4099: 3340: 3298: 3269: 3227: 2865: 1860:

Lingayat (Veerashaiva) thinkers rejected the custodial hold of Brahmins over the

6993: 6879: 6751: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6278: 6247: 5776:

Siddhanta Shikhamani: The one hundred one sthala doctrine. A concise composition

2695: 2493:

Rice, E. P. (1982). a History of Kannada literature. Asian educational services.

2225: 1913: 1501: 1471: 1370: 1242: 1200:

A necklace with pendant containing linga symbol of Shiva are worn by Lingayats.

1187: 1183: 924:

coastal Karnataka Kanara region. This emerged as a Lingayat dynasty, called the

732: 561: 522: 323: 318: 313: 308: 298: 247: 87: 36: 6151: 5167:

The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland

4994: 4558: 4287: 2620: 2274:"CM Devendra Fadnavis to get demand for Lingayat quota examined by state panel" 1833:

biographical epic poem which narrates the life story of Basava, was written by

572:) of major religious leaders of their sect, as well as Hindu festivals such as 7132: 6907: 6860: 6573: 6283: 6192: 6183: 1921: 1838: 1795:

and Basava were at the forefront of this development during the 12th century.

1664: 1507: 1191: 842: 802: 782: 573: 333: 303: 185: 5692: 4018: 4016: 2451: 2427: 6897: 6685: 6612: 6568: 6385: 5620: 4415:

Singh, Kumar Suresh; Bhanu, B. V.; India, Anthropological Survey of (2004).

2133: 1937: 1909: 1837:

in 13th-century, and an updated 14th-century Kannada version was written by

1792: 1382: 1349: 1201: 1051: 875: 806: 771: 631: 565: 400: 262: 97: 77: 5723:

Karnataka Lingayat religion row: Congress' decision a blow for BJP? updates

4590:. Backward Classes Welfare Department, Government of Telangana. p. 7. 1125:

the phase of surrender (awareness of no distinction in god and soul, self),

6217: 5386:

A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar

4227:

Kalburgi & Lankesh questioned Lingayats, Modi & Rahul courted them

778:, and emphasised personal religious experience over text-based dogmatism. 6892: 6855: 6792: 6617: 6578: 6563: 6553: 6543: 6511: 6262: 5300:

Poetics of Conduct: Oral Narrative and Moral Being in a South Indian Town

3342:

Poetics of Conduct: Oral Narrative and Moral Being in a South Indian Town

1925: 1305: 929: 836:

Basavanna spread social awareness through his poetry, popularly known as

825: 775: 688: 673: 597: 593: 554: 517: 112: 4580: 4551:"CASTE LIST Government Order No.SWD 225 BCA 2000, Dated:30th March 2002" 4101:

Village, Caste, Gender, and Method: Essays in Indian Social Anthropology

2435: 1368:

describe the five codes of conduct to be followed by the Lingayats. The

17: 7144: 6607: 6600: 6426: 6405: 6395: 6140: 6134: 6046:"Will welcome it if CM contests from north Karnataka, says Yeddyurappa" 5186: 4006: 3521: 3500:

Srinivas, M.N. (1956). "A Note on Sanskritization and Westernization".

1865: 1681: 1617: 1556: 1513: 1495: 1338: 1326: 1309: 1293: 1275: 956: 813: 786: 669: 535: 446: 169: 7139: 7127: 6797: 6700: 6696: 6585: 6558: 6232: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2475:

Ramanujan, A. K. (Ed.). (1973). Speaking of Śiva (Vol. 270). Penguin.

2146:

which were faithful to "the ideals of Basava and his contemporaries."

2021:* Levinson & Christensen (2002): "The Lingayats are a Hindu sect" 1668: 1646: 1604: 1536: – reciting the mantra of "Namah Shivaya: (salutation to Shiva)" 1533: 1129: 851: 847: 759: 750: 610: 441: 293: 288: 232: 64: 50: 5178: 5160:, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 50–52 4445:

Yeotmal District Volume A Descriptive: By C. Brown and R. V. Russell

3998: 3513: 3022: 3020: 1697:

They celebrate most of the Hindu festivals and their own festivals;

1548: 1288:

Sripati, a Veerashaiva scholar, explained Lingayatism philosophy in

5158:

Voyages of body and soul: selected female icons of India and beyond

3645:

Waghorne, Joanne Punzo; Cutler, Norman; Narayanan, Vasudha (1996).

2419: 6622: 6538: 6390: 4741:

The fabrics of culture: the anthropology of clothing and adornment

3440: 2598: 1949: 1877: 1755: 1621: 1574: 1547: 1485: 1447: 1348: 1195: 1054: 1033: 1015: 1011: 830: 754: 542: 405: 4682:

Bhima Bhoi, Verses from the Void: Mystic Poetry of an Oriya Saint

3648:

Gods of Flesh, Gods of Stone: The Embodiment of Divinity in India

3628: 3626: 1498: – reverence for Shiva ascetics as incarnations of divinity; 5946:"A medieval poet bedevils India's most powerful political party" 4951:

The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, Themes and Theory

4310:"ಹಿರೇಮಲ್ಲೂರು ಈಶ್ವರನ್ ಜನ್ಮ ಶತಮಾನೋತ್ಸವ: ಸಮಾಜವನ್ನೇ ಧೇನಿಸಿದ ಶಕಪುರುಷ" 2779: 2777: 2443: 1861: 1479: 1341:

philosophy widely discussed in Karnataka in the time of Basava.

624:

contained inside a silver box with a necklace all the time. The

585: 534:

norms of the time. Its philosophical tenets are encapsulated in

283: 6484: 6155: 6146: 5404:

Revolution of the Mystics: On the Social Aspects of Vīraśaivism

5282:

The Many Colors of Hinduism: A Thematic-historical Introduction

5023:

Lingayat Religion - Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements

4713:

Being Brahmin, Being Modern: Exploring the Lives of Caste Today

3758: 3756: 3754: 679:

According to a tradition which developed after Basava's time,

5940: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5846:

Why Lingayat-Veerashaiva feud is bad news for BJP in Karnataka

5468:

Community Dominance and Political Modernisation: The Lingayats

2330:

Community Dominance and Political Modernisation: The Lingayats

2123:, and summarizing research by S.M. Jamdar and Basavaraj Itnal. 1128:

the last stage of complete union of soul and god (liberation,

1058: 526:, since the 12th-century adherents of this faith are known as 53:, 12th-century statesman, philosopher, poet and Lingayat saint 5795: 5793: 911:

was completed in 1369 during the reign of Vijayanagara ruler

4948:

Ikegame, Aya (2013b). Peter Berger; Frank Heidemann (eds.).

4805:

The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths

3881: 3879: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3711: 3709: 3684: 3682: 3680: 6480: 5420:

Schrader, F. Otto (1924). "Lingāyatas and Metempsychosis".

4350: 4348: 4346: 3613:"Centre refuses to recognise Lingayat as separate religion" 3075: 3073: 3071: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 5640: 4485:"Cabinet defers decision on inclusion of Lingayats in OBC" 3117: 3115: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2722:. Mittal Publications. pp. 81–82. GGKEY:HRFC6GWCY6D. 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 5350:

Siva's Warriors: The Basava Purana of Palkuriki Somanatha

4333: 4331: 3741: 3739: 3007: 3005: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2906:

Critical Humanities from India: Contexts, Issues, Futures

2745: 2743: 2741: 1456:

Ganāchāra – Defence of the community and its tenets.

6007:

Now, government bats for separate religion for Lingayats

3799: 3797: 3795: 3726: 3724: 3300:

Western Karnataka: Its Agrarian Relations A.D. 1500-1800

3090: 3088: 2940: 2938: 2471: 2469: 2304:"Telangana state has around 15 lakh Lingayat population" 1908:

Lingayats today are found predominantly in the state of

1791:. Saints and Sharanas like Allamaprabhu, Akka Mahadevi, 5054:

Religion and society among the Lingayats of South India

3571: 3569: 3480: 3478: 3476: 2366: 2364: 2362: 1846:

Religion and society among the Lingayats of South India

1360:, a temple and pilgrimage site linked to Guru Basavanna 634:, the absolute reality and icon of their spirituality. 5674: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5666: 4722:

Hindu deities, demi-gods, godlings, demons, and heroes

4140:

Re-Use-The Art and Politics of Integration and Anxiety

3495: 3493: 1635:

is the ceremony of initiation among Lingayats. Though

6137:, N.C. Sargant (1963), University of Florida Archives 3192: 3190: 2968: 1504: – sipping the water used for bathing the Linga; 1453:

Bhrityāchāra – Compassion towards all creatures.

1122:

Linga in life breath (god dwells in his or her soul),

874:

Monasteries of the older Saiva schools, "such as the

2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2103:* According to Aditi Mangaldas, in the 14th century 1948:

Today, the Lingayat community is a blend of various

691:, a Vedic seer. A central text in this tradition is 7120: 7065: 6992: 6954: 6916: 6878: 6869: 6838: 6775: 6695: 6647: 6529: 6440: 6414: 6363: 6307: 6271: 6225: 6200: 4581:"STATE LIST OF BCs(List of BCs of Telangana State)" 4093: 4091: 3651:. Columbia University Press. pp. 184 note 15. 2638: 2636: 2532: 2141: 1436: 1428: 1420: 1412: 1404: 1396: 1388: 717: 711: 625: 619: 179: 163: 119: 106: 96: 86: 76: 71: 58: 5755:Making Sense of the Lingayat vs Veerashaiva Debate 5504:Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections 5259: 5165:McCormack, William (1963), "Lingayats as a Sect", 3541: 3539: 1417:(Do not praise yourself*, i.e., practice humility) 1113:the individual starts with the phase of a devotee, 919:Ikkeri Nayakas, Keladi dynasty (16th-18th century) 5535:Ascetics of Kashi: An Anthropological Exploration 5422:Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 4887:Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life 4738:Cordwell, Justine M.; Schwarz, Ronald A. (1979), 4518:"Lingayat SCs, OBCs may not welcome minority tag" 4137:Hegewald, Julia A. B.; Mitra, Subrata K. (2012). 3925:A Populistic Community and Modernization in India 2029: 2027: 1084:, and then meditates about becoming one with the 1078:from its box, places it the in left palm, offers 1018:as the universal god in the iconographic form of 545:as the universal god in the iconographic form of 5557:Harbingers of Rain: Land and Life in South India 4104:. Oxford University Press. pp. 42–43, 111. 3229:The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara 2870:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 147–148. 5893: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5616: 3221: 3219: 3217: 1841:in 1369. Both are sacred texts in Lingayatism. 1273:is closer to the Hindu concept of metaphysical 5855:, India Today, Aravind Gowda, (24 August 2017) 5841: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5532:Sinha, Surajit; Saraswati, Baidyanath (1978), 3912:, pp. 116-117 with footnote 45 on p. 194. 3632: 3263: 3261: 3232:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 84–85. 2795: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2046: 2044: 2042: 1848:by internationally acclaimed social scientist 1798:Other important Lingayat literature includes: 882:monasteries were more conservative, while the 608:Lingayatism is derived from the Sanskrit root 6496: 6167: 3345:. Columbia University Press. pp. 74–77. 3334: 3332: 3274:. Karnatak University Press. pp. 34–41. 3062: 3050: 3038: 2392:Fisher, Elaine M. (August 2019). Copp, Paul; 2013: 2011: 1924:and kohlapur,konkan region and were traders, 1572:Lingayat poet-saints accepted the concept of 490: 8: 5912:Lingayats renew demand for separate religion 5867: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5092:Levinson, David; Christensen, Karen (2002), 3885: 32: 5802:"Lingayat is an independent religion: Seer" 5465:Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda Patil (2002). 4625:Ahmmad, Aziz; Ishwaran, Karigoudar (1973), 4194:. Oxford University Press. pp. 70–72. 3834: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2684:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 1516: – smearing holy ash on oneself daily; 1482: – obedience towards Guru, the Mentor; 560:Contemporary Lingayatism is influential in 6875: 6503: 6489: 6481: 6174: 6160: 6152: 5716: 5714: 5388:, Indian Branch, Oxford University Press, 4837:Bhakta Charana Das (Medieval Oriya Writer) 4366: 4354: 4257: 3508:(4). Cambridge University Press: 481–496. 3297:Kodancha Gujjadi Vasantha Madhava (1991). 2909:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 143–145. 2622:Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Dháwár 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2115: 2113: 981:from Hinduism or a caste within Hinduism. 976:Separate religious identity (21st century) 497: 483: 196: 5015:tradition and modernization: the case of 4378: 4191:Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur 3909: 3897: 3745: 3715: 2579: 2555: 4884:Gall, Timothy L.; Hobby, Jeneen (2009), 4390: 4175: 4082: 4058: 4046: 4022: 3972: 3960: 3870: 3774: 3762: 3700: 3688: 3599: 3545: 3467: 3455: 3181: 3169: 3133: 3121: 3106: 3011: 2996: 2944: 2807: 2768: 2749: 2511: 2370: 1771:(literally, "what is said") such as the 949:Varna-status debates (19th–20th century) 941:as well as forts and temples such as at 6016:, The New Indian Express (25 July 2017) 5898:Veerashaivas' campaign gaining momentum 5592: 4448:. Printed at the Baptist mission Press. 4034: 3786: 3441:Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda Patil 2002 3428: 3416: 2783: 2690:(3). Oxford University Press: 369–388. 2599:Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda Patil 2002 2327:Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda Patil (), 2323: 2321: 2258: 2107:developed as a sub-sect of Lingayatism. 1980: 1178:Shiva: non-dualism and qualified monism 890:Vijayanagara Empire (15th–17th century) 762:, the influential leader of Lingayatism 433: 377: 341: 275: 224: 217: 6086:from the original on 25 September 2019 5988:from the original on 19 September 2020 5958:from the original on 21 September 2017 4557:. Karnataka Government. Archived from 4512: 4510: 4479: 4477: 4337: 4070: 3858: 3208: 2980:M. Sivakumara Swamy, translator (2007) 2649:. Orient Blackswan. pp. 157–158. 1109:. This concept progressively evolves: 991:Akhila Bharatha Veerashaiva Mahasabha 986:Akhila Bharatha Veerashaiva Mahasabha 31: 6113:from the original on 27 December 2012 6056:from the original on 11 November 2020 5651:from the original on 27 December 2012 5574:from the original on 15 February 2017 5453:from the original on 18 December 2019 5348:Rao, Velchuri; Roghair, Gene (2014), 5336:from the original on 15 February 2017 5213:from the original on 15 February 2017 5112:from the original on 14 February 2017 4968:from the original on 20 November 2021 4936:from the original on 27 February 2017 4854:from the original on 15 February 2017 4758:from the original on 15 February 2017 4699:from the original on 15 February 2017 4667:from the original on 15 February 2017 4495:from the original on 23 December 2020 3822: 3803: 3730: 3587: 3575: 3560: 3484: 3145: 3079: 3026: 2956: 2830:. Taylor & Francis. p. 285. 2625:. Government Central Press. pp. 2567: 2412:University of Chicago Divinity School 2353: 1441:(Do not be intolerant towards others) 989:linguistic minorities." In 2013, the 630:is an oval-shaped emblem symbolising 568:. Lingayats celebrate anniversaries ( 27:Shaivism sect founded in 12th century 7: 5699:from the original on 9 November 2020 5039:from the original on 26 January 2021 4983:Journal of Asian and African Studies 4770:Curta, Florin; Holt, Andrew (2016), 4245: 3993:. Oxford University Press: S.77–88. 3384:. Taylor & Francis. p. 43. 3196: 3094: 2884:from the original on 6 December 2017 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 1237:This Lingayat concept is similar to 72:Regions with significant populations 5909:Ataulla, Naheed (10 October 2013), 5720:Business Standard (20 March 2018), 4597:from the original on 11 August 2021 4402: 4188:Ramchandra Chintaman Dhere (2011). 3846: 3157: 2619:Sir James MacNabb Campbell (1884). 1119:the phase of the receiver of grace, 1050:Lingayat worship is centred on the 5812:from the original on 14 April 2021 5800:Patil, Vijaykumar (7 April 2015). 5752:Gauri Lankesh (5 September 2017), 5542:from the original on 15 April 2021 5520:from the original on 15 April 2021 5485:from the original on 15 April 2021 5245:from the original on 15 April 2021 5144:from the original on 14 April 2021 5071:from the original on 15 April 2021 4790:from the original on 15 April 2021 4635:from the original on 15 April 2021 4208:from the original on 14 April 2021 4157:from the original on 15 April 2021 4118:from the original on 14 April 2021 3942:from the original on 14 April 2021 3398:from the original on 15 April 2021 3359:from the original on 15 April 2021 3317:from the original on 15 April 2021 3278:from the original on 15 April 2021 3246:from the original on 9 August 2019 2923:from the original on 15 April 2021 2844:from the original on 15 April 2021 2726:from the original on 15 April 2021 2663:from the original on 15 April 2021 2284:from the original on 5 August 2021 2065:Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions 1241:concept found in certain texts of 25: 5538:, N.K. Bose Memorial Foundation, 4904:from the original on 29 July 2020 4822:from the original on 27 June 2019 4276:Contributions to Indian Sociology 3928:. Brill Archive. pp. 29–30. 3665:from the original on 27 June 2019 2969:Mangaldas & Vaidyanathan 2014 866:Consolidation (12th–14th century) 7239:Sects that require vegetarianism 7172: 7163: 7162: 6638: 6216: 6191: 6182: 6035:, TNM News Minute (23 July 2017) 5926:. Retrieve don 28 November 2015. 5679:Gowda, Chandan (23 March 2018). 5630:, Encyclopedia Britannica (2015) 5428:. University of Vienna: 313–317. 5384:Sastri, Nilakanta K.A. (2002) , 4025:, p. 111–113, 120, 140–141. 1725: 1065:. The Lingayats always wear the 466: 200: 44: 5368:A History of Kannada Literature 4143:. SAGE Publishing. p. 75. 2533:Levinson & Christensen 2002 1446:Sivāchāra – acknowledging 1088:, in their journey towards the 960:. According to the sociologist 846:necklace, with an image of the 5900:, The Hindu (11 December 2000) 5881:Encyclopedia Britannica (2012) 5370:, Asian Educational Services, 5352:, Princeton University Press, 5231:. Cambridge University Press. 4989:(1–2), Brill Academic: 72–76, 4628:Contributions to Asian Studies 2063:'s magisterial survey article 614:"mark, symbol" and the suffix 1: 5502:, in Ayyappappanikkar (ed.), 5433:Schuhmacher, Stephan (1994), 5302:, Columbia University Press, 5262:History of Kannada Literature 5051:Ishwaran, Karigoudar (1983), 5009:Ishwaran, Karigoudar (1981), 3922:Ishwaran, Karigoudar (1977). 3303:. Navrang. pp. 113–114. 2646:Social Change in Modern India 1687:Veerabhadra temple of Belgavi 1594:is the purpose and result of 1230:in a form of dialogue, where 651:have been used synonymously. 564:, especially in the state of 5498:Shiva Prakash, H.S. (1997), 5402:Schouten, Jan Peter (1995), 5284:, Rutgers University Press, 5266:, New Delhi: Penguin Books, 5258:Narasimhacharya, R. (1988), 5083:Klostermaier, Klaus (2010), 3381:Hinduism in the Modern World 1675:Temples and rites of passage 1522: – wearing a string of 1163:Anadi-virasaivasara-samgraha 1061:in the iconographic form of 5560:, Oxford University Press, 5130:, Saraswati House Pvt Ltd, 5095:Encyclopedia of Modern Asia 4653:, Oxford University Press, 3211:, p. 109–110, 213–215. 3029:, p. 145-146 (note 8). 2408:University of Chicago Press 2142: 1437: 1429: 1421: 1413: 1405: 1397: 1389: 1226:texts present the ideas of 718: 712: 626: 620: 7260: 7214:Social groups of Karnataka 6143:, William McCormack (1963) 6105:cultural.maharashtra.gov. 5193:Michael, R. Blake (1992), 4995:10.1177/002190968001500106 4834:Das, Chittaranjan (1994), 4288:10.1177/006996678401800220 3633:Sinha & Saraswati 1978 3378:Hatcher, Brian A. (2015). 2796:Ahmmad & Ishwaran 1973 2080:Lingayatism-Veerashaivism: 2005:4.2% of state's population 1716: 1492:on your body at all times; 1181: 1159:Viramahesvaracara-samgraha 1069:held with a necklace. The 824:, particularly the Shaiva 789:poet in the Shiva-focused 748: 596:and others constitute the 7158: 6839:Festivals and observances 6679:Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta 6636: 6518: 6456: 6214: 6031:24 September 2017 at the 6012:24 September 2017 at the 5982:Kalaburagi Political News 5316:Ramanujan, A. K. (1973), 5021:, in Lele, Jayant (ed.), 4232:27 September 2018 at the 3502:The Far Eastern Quarterly 2864:Kuiper, Kathleen (2010). 2696:10.1093/jaarel/xlvi.3.369 1987:16% of state's population 1680:offerings are not led by 1510: – sacred offerings; 1425:(Do not criticize others) 1171:Lingait Paramesvara Agama 549:. Lingayatism emphasizes 184: 168: 124: 111: 63: 43: 7098:Meenakshi Sundareshwarar 6658:Shvetashvatara Upanishad 5225:Michell, George (1995). 4720:Bunce, Fredrick (2010), 4679:Bäumer, Bettina (2010), 4270:Venugopal, C.N. (1984). 3703:, p. 9-10, 111-112. 1996:6% of state's population 1920:community is present in 1438:anyarige asahya padabeda 1204:beads (shown above) and 1116:the phase of the master, 797:during the reign of the 683:was transmitted by five 7234:Hinduism in South India 5626:2 February 2017 at the 5471:. Mittal Publications. 5406:, Motilal Banarsidass, 5199:, Motilal Banarsidass, 4098:Srinivas, M.N. (1998). 4073:, p. 71–76, 79–81. 3963:, p. 105-106, 114. 2643:Srinivas, M.N. (1995). 2394:Wedemeyer, Christian K. 805:(reigned 1157–1167) in 7229:Monotheistic religions 7219:Bhakti-era Hindu sects 6979:Tiruvanaikaval (Water) 5851:4 October 2017 at the 5298:Prasad, Leela (2012), 4916:Ikegame, Aya (2013a), 4802:Dalal, Roshen (2010), 4711:Bairy, Ramesh (2013), 4685:, Manohar Publishers, 4522:The New Indian Express 4367:Rao & Roghair 2014 4355:Rao & Roghair 2014 4258:Rao & Roghair 2014 3590:, p. 145, note 7. 3339:Prasad, Leela (2007). 3268:A. K. Shastry (1982). 3226:Stein, Burton (1989). 2903:D. Venkat Rao (2018). 2824:Avari, Burjor (2016). 2222:The New Indian Express 1764: 1559: 1526:(holy beads, seeds of 1361: 1331:Shakti-Vishishtadvaita 1209: 1047: 862:Veerashaivas in 1168. 763: 655:refers to the broader 6974:Tiruvannamalai (Fire) 6272:Beliefs and practices 6052:. 18 September 2017. 5954:. 21 September 2017. 5918:12 April 2016 at the 5877:2 August 2017 at the 5783:26 March 2022 at the 5761:20 March 2018 at the 5729:21 March 2018 at the 5681:"Terms of separation" 5366:Rice, Edward (1982), 5124:Malik, Malti (1943), 4744:, Walter de Gruyter, 4647:Aitken, Bill (1999), 4421:. Popular Prakashan. 3987:Sociological Analysis 3849:, p. 9, 101–112. 3746:Curta & Holt 2016 3716:Curta & Holt 2016 3271:A History of Śriṅgēri 2786:, p. 18, note 1. 2580:Gall & Hobby 2009 2140:monasteries, and the 2069:The World's Religions 1759: 1663:Lingayats are strict 1579:Lingayats believe in 1551: 1401:(Do not kill or hurt) 1352: 1279:, rather than to the 1249:, such as the poetic 1213:Qualified non-dualism 1199: 1037: 758: 745:Basava (12th century) 520:. Initially known as 276:Beliefs and practices 180:Related ethnic groups 7204:Anti-caste movements 6956:Pancha Bhuta Sthalam 5621:Lingayat: Hindu sect 5280:Olson, Carl (2007), 5085:A Survey of Hinduism 4561:on 20 September 2014 4491:. 28 November 2020. 4178:, pp. 119, 167. 2867:The Culture of India 2716:L.K.A. Iyer (1965). 2399:History of Religions 1760:A vachana (poem) by 1528:Elaeocarpus ganitrus 1488: – wearing the 1406:husiya nudiyalu beda 1167:Sivatattva ratnakara 812:Basava grew up in a 697:Siddhanta Shikhamani 693:Siddhanta Shikhamani 157:Siddhanta Shikhamani 6984:Kanchipuram (Earth) 6969:Tirukalahasti (Air) 6964:Chidambaram (Ether) 6665:Shivarahasya Purana 6258:Palkuriki Somanatha 6141:Lingayats as a Sect 5554:Vasavi, R. (1999), 5506:, Sahitya Akademi, 4870:, Sahitya Akademi, 4840:, Sahitya Akademi, 4650:Divining the Deccan 3975:, pp. 106–107. 3789:, pp. 102–114. 3777:, pp. 314–315. 3765:, pp. 313–317. 3619:. 11 December 2018. 1870:Palkuriki Somanatha 1850:Hiremallur Ishwaran 1835:Palkuriki Somanatha 1785:Ghatachakra-vachana 1773:Shat-sthala-vachana 1752:Lingayat literature 1422:idira haliyalu beda 1409:(Do not utter lies) 896:Vijayanagara Empire 598:Shaivite population 473:Hinduism portal 40: 7083:Kailash Mansarovar 6788:Pashupata Shaivism 6766:Hara Hara Mahadeva 6350:Channabasavapurana 5924:The Times of India 4866:Das, S.K. (2005), 4631:, Brill Academic, 4442:Brown, C. (1908). 4405:, p. 161-163. 4085:, p. 119–120. 4061:, p. 113–114. 4049:, p. 138–141. 3873:, p. 111-112. 3825:, p. 388-389. 3160:, p. 161-162. 3082:, p. 239–240. 3063:Shiva Prakash 1997 3051:Shiva Prakash 1997 3041:, p. 168-169. 3039:Shiva Prakash 1997 2959:, p. 147-148. 2582:, p. 567–570. 2570:, p. 208–209. 2356:, p. 208-209. 2278:The Times of India 2195:Separate identity: 1944:Reservation status 1856:Vedas and shastras 1777:Kala-jnana-vachana 1765: 1620:mantra related to 1560: 1544:doctrine and karma 1414:thanna bannisabeda 1362: 1253:. It explains the 1245:, particularly in 1210: 1107:Satsthalasiddhanta 1048: 764: 514:Hindu denomination 188: • 172: • 154: • 148: • 142: • 136: • 130: • 7209:Karnataka society 7186: 7185: 7116: 7115: 6478: 6477: 6422:Aum Namah Shivaya 6401:Basavana Bagewadi 6147:Lingayat Religion 6082:. 20 March 2018. 6080:Financial Express 5567:978-0-19-564421-0 5478:978-81-7099-867-9 5446:978-0-87773-980-7 5329:978-0-14-044270-0 5238:978-0-521-44110-0 5206:978-81-208-0776-1 5105:978-0-684-80617-4 5064:978-90-04-06919-0 5025:, Brill Archive, 4961:978-1-134-06111-2 4929:978-1-136-23909-0 4897:978-1-4144-4892-3 4847:978-81-7201-716-3 4815:978-0-14-341517-6 4808:, Penguin Books, 4751:978-3-11-163152-3 4692:978-81-7304-813-5 4660:978-0-19-564711-2 4528:on 11 August 2018 4428:978-81-7991-101-3 4316:. 30 October 2022 4260:, pp. 21–23. 4201:978-0-19-977764-8 4150:978-81-321-1666-0 4111:978-0-19-564559-0 4037:, pp. 40–45. 3886:Klostermaier 2010 3658:978-0-231-10777-8 3470:, pp. 81–84. 3458:, pp. 78–81. 3431:, pp. 71–72. 3419:, pp. 65–68. 3391:978-1-135-04630-9 3352:978-0-231-13920-5 3310:978-81-7013-073-4 3239:978-0-521-26693-2 2916:978-1-351-23492-4 2877:978-1-61530-149-2 2837:978-1-317-23672-6 2656:978-81-250-0422-6 2514:, pp. 52–56. 2067:, pp. 660–704 in 1970:List of Lingayats 1952:, consisting of 1789:Raja-yoga-vachana 1358:Bagalkot district 1169:(by Basava), and 1057:as the universal 926:Nayakas of Keladi 507: 506: 457:List of Lingayats 416:Basavana Bagewadi 195: 194: 39: 16:(Redirected from 7251: 7224:Indian religions 7176: 7166: 7165: 6876: 6820:Siddha Siddhanta 6783:Shaiva Siddhanta 6710:Om Namah Shivaya 6642: 6505: 6498: 6491: 6482: 6432:Anubhava Mantapa 6355:Prabhulingaleele 6345:Basavarajavijaya 6335:Shaivaite Agamas 6220: 6195: 6186: 6176: 6169: 6162: 6153: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6102: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6072: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6042: 6036: 6023: 6017: 6004: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5993: 5974: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5963: 5942: 5927: 5907: 5901: 5895: 5882: 5869: 5856: 5843: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5797: 5788: 5778:, by Linga Raju. 5771: 5765: 5750: 5733: 5718: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5676: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5637: 5631: 5618: 5582: 5581: 5579: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5429: 5416: 5398: 5380: 5362: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5319:Speaking of Śiva 5312: 5294: 5276: 5265: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5189: 5161: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5127:History of India 5120: 5119: 5117: 5088: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5005: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4880: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4734: 4716: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4596: 4585: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4535: 4533: 4524:. Archived from 4514: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4481: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4456: 4450: 4449: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4412: 4406: 4400: 4394: 4393:, p. 72-76. 4388: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4364: 4358: 4352: 4341: 4335: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4267: 4261: 4255: 4249: 4248:, p. 53–54. 4243: 4237: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4095: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4011: 4010: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3900:, p. 35-36. 3895: 3889: 3883: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3835:Schuhmacher 1994 3832: 3826: 3820: 3807: 3801: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3749: 3743: 3734: 3728: 3719: 3713: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3621: 3620: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3543: 3534: 3533: 3497: 3488: 3482: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3447: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3336: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3265: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3223: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3185: 3184:, p. 14-15. 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3097:, p. 52-53. 3092: 3083: 3077: 3066: 3060: 3054: 3048: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3015: 3009: 3000: 2994: 2981: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2861: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2821: 2815: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2772: 2766: 2753: 2747: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2713: 2700: 2699: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2640: 2631: 2630: 2616: 2605: 2596: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2536: 2530: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2500: 2494: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2476: 2473: 2464: 2463: 2389: 2374: 2368: 2357: 2351: 2334: 2325: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2280:. 23 July 2019. 2270: 2248: 2245: 2239: 2236: 2230: 2218: 2212: 2208: 2202: 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6771: 6724:Mahāmrityunjaya 6691: 6643: 6634: 6591:Ardhanarishvara 6525: 6514: 6509: 6479: 6474: 6469:Hinduism portal 6452: 6436: 6410: 6364:Pilgrim centers 6359: 6325:Shunyasampadane 6303: 6267: 6253:Channabasavanna 6221: 6212: 6196: 6180: 6131: 6126: 6116: 6114: 6104: 6103: 6099: 6089: 6087: 6074: 6073: 6069: 6059: 6057: 6044: 6043: 6039: 6033:Wayback Machine 6024: 6020: 6014:Wayback Machine 6005: 6001: 5991: 5989: 5976: 5975: 5971: 5961: 5959: 5944: 5943: 5930: 5920:Wayback Machine 5908: 5904: 5896: 5885: 5879:Wayback Machine 5870: 5859: 5853:Wayback Machine 5844: 5825: 5815: 5813: 5799: 5798: 5791: 5785:Wayback Machine 5772: 5768: 5763:Wayback Machine 5751: 5736: 5731:Wayback Machine 5719: 5712: 5702: 5700: 5678: 5677: 5664: 5654: 5652: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5628:Wayback Machine 5619: 5594: 5590: 5585: 5577: 5575: 5568: 5553: 5545: 5543: 5531: 5523: 5521: 5514: 5497: 5488: 5486: 5479: 5464: 5456: 5454: 5447: 5432: 5419: 5414: 5401: 5396: 5383: 5378: 5365: 5360: 5347: 5339: 5337: 5330: 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3113: 3105: 3101: 3093: 3086: 3078: 3069: 3061: 3057: 3049: 3045: 3037: 3033: 3025: 3018: 3010: 3003: 2995: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2967: 2963: 2955: 2951: 2943: 2936: 2926: 2924: 2917: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2887: 2885: 2878: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2847: 2845: 2838: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2806: 2802: 2794: 2790: 2782: 2775: 2767: 2756: 2748: 2739: 2729: 2727: 2715: 2714: 2703: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2657: 2642: 2641: 2634: 2618: 2617: 2608: 2597: 2586: 2578: 2574: 2566: 2562: 2554: 2539: 2531: 2518: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2467: 2391: 2390: 2377: 2369: 2360: 2352: 2337: 2326: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2306:. 20 April 2018 2302: 2301: 2297: 2287: 2285: 2272: 2271: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2219: 2215: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2184: 2180: 2174: 2170: 2164: 2160: 2154: 2150: 2131: 2127: 2118: 2111: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2040: 2034: 2033:Shared beliefs: 2032: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1966: 1946: 1906: 1889: 1858: 1844:The book named 1803:Shunyasampadane 1754: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1741:Sharana Sahitya 1737:Vachana Sahitya 1735: 1730: 1721: 1719:Vachana Sahitya 1715: 1707:Maha Shivaratri 1695: 1677: 1671:is prohibited. 1661: 1630: 1589: 1587:Dāsoha doctrine 1546: 1463: 1347: 1322: 1302:Vishishtadvaita 1290:Srikara Bhashya 1255:Nirguna Brahman 1215: 1194: 1182:Main articles: 1180: 1146: 1103: 1098: 1032: 1007: 1005:Characteristics 978: 951: 921: 892: 868: 822:Bhakti movement 795:social reformer 791:Bhakti movement 753: 747: 742: 666: 606: 503: 467: 465: 378:Pilgrim centers 365:Shunyasampadane 350:Vachana sahitya 253:Channabasavanna 145:Shunyasampadane 127:Vachana sahitya 54: 34: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7257: 7255: 7247: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7191: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7180: 7170: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7136: 7135: 7124: 7122: 7121:Related topics 7118: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7078:Brihadeeswarar 7075: 7069: 7067: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7037:Ramanathaswamy 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6998: 6996: 6990: 6989: 6987: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6960: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6922: 6920: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6884: 6882: 6873: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6830:Shaiva Smartas 6827: 6822: 6817: 6815:Veera Shaivism 6812: 6810:Trika Shaivism 6807: 6806: 6805: 6800: 6790: 6785: 6779: 6777: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6762: 6755: 6748: 6741: 6734: 6727: 6720: 6713: 6705: 6703: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6689: 6682: 6675: 6668: 6661: 6653: 6651: 6645: 6644: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6627: 6626: 6625: 6620: 6610: 6605: 6604: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6583: 6582: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6535: 6533: 6527: 6526: 6519: 6516: 6515: 6510: 6508: 6507: 6500: 6493: 6485: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6472: 6465: 6457: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6450: 6444: 6442: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6418: 6416: 6415:Related topics 6412: 6411: 6409: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6376:Basava Kalyana 6373: 6371:Koodalasangama 6367: 6365: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6311: 6309: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6229: 6227: 6223: 6222: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6204: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6181: 6179: 6178: 6171: 6164: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6138: 6130: 6129:External links 6127: 6125: 6124: 6097: 6067: 6037: 6018: 5999: 5969: 5928: 5902: 5883: 5857: 5823: 5789: 5787:Kindle Edition 5766: 5734: 5710: 5662: 5641:"shaivam.org, 5632: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5566: 5551: 5529: 5512: 5495: 5477: 5462: 5445: 5430: 5417: 5413:978-8120812383 5412: 5399: 5394: 5381: 5377:978-8120600638 5376: 5363: 5359:978-0691604879 5358: 5345: 5328: 5313: 5309:978-0231139212 5308: 5295: 5291:978-0813540689 5290: 5277: 5272: 5255: 5237: 5222: 5205: 5190: 5162: 5153: 5136: 5121: 5104: 5089: 5080: 5063: 5057:, E.J. Brill, 5048: 5031: 5006: 4978: 4960: 4945: 4928: 4913: 4896: 4881: 4877:978-8126021710 4876: 4863: 4846: 4831: 4814: 4799: 4782: 4767: 4750: 4735: 4730: 4717: 4708: 4691: 4676: 4659: 4644: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4608: 4572: 4542: 4506: 4473: 4451: 4434: 4427: 4407: 4395: 4383: 4379:McCormack 1963 4371: 4359: 4342: 4340:, p. 104. 4327: 4301: 4282:(2): 335–337. 4262: 4250: 4238: 4219: 4200: 4180: 4168: 4149: 4129: 4110: 4087: 4075: 4063: 4051: 4039: 4027: 4012: 3977: 3965: 3953: 3934: 3914: 3910:Ramanujan 1973 3902: 3898:Ramanujan 1973 3890: 3875: 3863: 3851: 3839: 3837:, p. 202. 3827: 3808: 3806:, p. 244. 3791: 3779: 3767: 3750: 3735: 3733:, p. 263. 3720: 3718:, p. 575. 3705: 3693: 3676: 3657: 3637: 3635:, p. 107. 3622: 3604: 3592: 3580: 3578:, p. 145. 3565: 3563:, p. 144. 3553: 3535: 3489: 3487:, p. 143. 3472: 3460: 3448: 3433: 3421: 3409: 3390: 3370: 3351: 3328: 3309: 3289: 3257: 3238: 3213: 3201: 3186: 3174: 3162: 3150: 3148:, p. 983. 3138: 3126: 3124:, p. 2-3. 3111: 3099: 3084: 3067: 3065:, p. 169. 3055: 3053:, p. 168. 3043: 3031: 3016: 3001: 2982: 2973: 2961: 2949: 2934: 2915: 2895: 2876: 2856: 2836: 2816: 2800: 2788: 2773: 2771:, p. 1-5. 2754: 2737: 2701: 2674: 2655: 2632: 2606: 2584: 2572: 2560: 2558:, p. 175. 2556:Ramanujan 1973 2537: 2535:, p. 475. 2516: 2504: 2495: 2486: 2477: 2465: 2420:10.1086/703521 2375: 2358: 2335: 2317: 2295: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2249: 2240: 2231: 2213: 2203: 2188: 2178: 2168: 2158: 2148: 2125: 2109: 2086: 2073: 2052: 2038: 2023: 2007: 1998: 1989: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1965: 1962: 1945: 1942: 1905: 1902: 1888: 1885: 1857: 1854: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1753: 1750: 1732: 1731: 1724: 1723: 1722: 1717:Main article: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1694: 1691: 1676: 1673: 1660: 1657: 1629: 1626: 1588: 1585: 1545: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1531: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1499: 1493: 1483: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1434: 1426: 1418: 1410: 1402: 1394: 1393:(Do not steal) 1379: 1346: 1343: 1321: 1318: 1269:, the idea of 1259:shunya purusha 1214: 1211: 1179: 1176: 1145: 1142: 1134: 1133: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1031: 1028: 1006: 1003: 977: 974: 962:M. N. Srinivas 950: 947: 939:Sringeri matha 920: 917: 901:Sunyasampadane 891: 888: 867: 864: 746: 743: 741: 738: 665: 662: 605: 602: 505: 504: 502: 501: 494: 487: 479: 476: 475: 462: 461: 460: 459: 454: 449: 444: 436: 435: 434:Related topics 431: 430: 429: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 380: 379: 375: 374: 373: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 344: 343: 339: 338: 337: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 278: 277: 273: 272: 271: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 227: 226: 222: 221: 215: 214: 206: 205: 193: 192: 182: 181: 177: 176: 166: 165: 161: 160: 122: 121: 117: 116: 109: 108: 104: 103: 100: 94: 93: 90: 84: 83: 80: 74: 73: 69: 68: 67:(1131–1167 CE) 61: 60: 56: 55: 49: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7256: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7169: 7161: 7160: 7157: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7129: 7126: 7125: 7123: 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Tandava 6728: 6726: 6725: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6714: 6712: 6711: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6674: 6673: 6669: 6667: 6666: 6662: 6660: 6659: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6646: 6641: 6631: 6628: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6587: 6584: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6549:Dakshinamurti 6547: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6523: 6517: 6513: 6506: 6501: 6499: 6494: 6492: 6487: 6486: 6483: 6471: 6470: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6459: 6458: 6455: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6368: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6340:Basava purana 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6315:Karana Hasuge 6313: 6312: 6310: 6306: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6270: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6243:Akka Mahadevi 6241: 6239: 6238:Allama Prabhu 6236: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6224: 6219: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6185: 6177: 6172: 6170: 6165: 6163: 6158: 6157: 6154: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6136: 6135:The Lingayats 6133: 6132: 6128: 6112: 6108: 6101: 6098: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6071: 6068: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6041: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6027: 6022: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6008: 6003: 6000: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5973: 5970: 5957: 5953: 5952: 5951:The Economist 5947: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5914: 5913: 5906: 5903: 5899: 5894: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5824: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5796: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5770: 5767: 5764: 5760: 5757: 5756: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5735: 5732: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5717: 5715: 5711: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5663: 5650: 5646: 5644: 5636: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5622: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5593: 5587: 5573: 5569: 5563: 5559: 5558: 5552: 5541: 5537: 5536: 5530: 5519: 5515: 5513:9788126003655 5509: 5505: 5501: 5496: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5470: 5469: 5463: 5452: 5448: 5442: 5439:, Shambhala, 5438: 5437: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5418: 5415: 5409: 5405: 5400: 5397: 5395:0-19-560686-8 5391: 5387: 5382: 5379: 5373: 5369: 5364: 5361: 5355: 5351: 5346: 5335: 5331: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5314: 5311: 5305: 5301: 5296: 5293: 5287: 5283: 5278: 5275: 5273:81-206-0303-6 5269: 5264: 5263: 5256: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5230: 5229: 5223: 5212: 5208: 5202: 5198: 5197: 5191: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5163: 5159: 5154: 5143: 5139: 5137:9788173354984 5133: 5129: 5128: 5122: 5111: 5107: 5101: 5097: 5096: 5090: 5086: 5081: 5070: 5066: 5060: 5056: 5055: 5049: 5038: 5034: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5007: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4979: 4967: 4963: 4957: 4954:. Routledge. 4953: 4952: 4946: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4922:, Routledge, 4921: 4920: 4914: 4903: 4899: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4882: 4879: 4873: 4869: 4864: 4853: 4849: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4832: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4807: 4806: 4800: 4789: 4785: 4783:9781610695664 4779: 4775: 4774: 4768: 4757: 4753: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4736: 4733: 4731:9788124601457 4727: 4723: 4718: 4714: 4709: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4684: 4683: 4677: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4652: 4651: 4645: 4634: 4630: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4593: 4589: 4588:www.tsmesa.in 4582: 4576: 4573: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4543: 4539: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4511: 4507: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4461: 4455: 4452: 4447: 4446: 4438: 4435: 4430: 4424: 4420: 4419: 4411: 4408: 4404: 4399: 4396: 4392: 4391:Ishwaran 1980 4387: 4384: 4380: 4375: 4372: 4368: 4363: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4315: 4311: 4305: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4266: 4263: 4259: 4254: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4228: 4223: 4220: 4207: 4203: 4197: 4193: 4192: 4184: 4181: 4177: 4176:Schouten 1995 4172: 4169: 4156: 4152: 4146: 4142: 4141: 4133: 4130: 4117: 4113: 4107: 4103: 4102: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4083:Ishwaran 1983 4079: 4076: 4072: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4059:Schouten 1995 4055: 4052: 4048: 4047:Schouten 1995 4043: 4040: 4036: 4031: 4028: 4024: 4023:Schouten 1995 4019: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3981: 3978: 3974: 3973:Schouten 1995 3969: 3966: 3962: 3961:Schouten 1995 3957: 3954: 3941: 3937: 3935:90-04-04790-5 3931: 3927: 3926: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3871:Schouten 1995 3867: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3852: 3848: 3843: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3780: 3776: 3775:Schrader 1924 3771: 3768: 3764: 3763:Schrader 1924 3759: 3757: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3742: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3701:Schouten 1995 3697: 3694: 3690: 3689:Schouten 1995 3685: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3641: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3614: 3608: 3605: 3602:, p. 16. 3601: 3600:Schouten 1995 3596: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3547: 3546:Ikegame 2013b 3542: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3496: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3468:Schouten 1995 3464: 3461: 3457: 3456:Schouten 1995 3452: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3410: 3397: 3393: 3387: 3383: 3382: 3374: 3371: 3358: 3354: 3348: 3344: 3343: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3302: 3301: 3293: 3290: 3277: 3273: 3272: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3245: 3241: 3235: 3231: 3230: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3205: 3202: 3199:, p. 64. 3198: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3182:Schouten 1995 3178: 3175: 3171: 3170:Schouten 1995 3166: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3139: 3136:, p. 52. 3135: 3134:Schouten 1995 3130: 3127: 3123: 3122:Schouten 1995 3118: 3116: 3112: 3109:, p. 76. 3108: 3107:Ishwaran 1981 3103: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3059: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3014:, p. 14. 3013: 3012:Schouten 1995 3008: 3006: 3002: 2999:, p. 15. 2998: 2997:Schouten 1995 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2977: 2974: 2971:, p. 55. 2970: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2953: 2950: 2946: 2945:Schouten 1995 2941: 2939: 2935: 2922: 2918: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2899: 2896: 2883: 2879: 2873: 2869: 2868: 2860: 2857: 2843: 2839: 2833: 2829: 2828: 2820: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2808:Ikegame 2013a 2804: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2769:Schouten 1995 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2755: 2752:, p. 71. 2751: 2750:Schouten 1995 2746: 2744: 2742: 2738: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2678: 2675: 2662: 2658: 2652: 2648: 2647: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2600: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2512:Schouten 1995 2508: 2505: 2499: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2481: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2395: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2371:Schouten 1995 2367: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2305: 2299: 2296: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2207: 2204: 2192: 2189: 2182: 2179: 2172: 2169: 2162: 2159: 2152: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2135: 2129: 2126: 2122: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2105:Veerashaivism 2096: 2095:Panchacharyas 2090: 2087: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2056: 2053: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2002: 1999: 1993: 1990: 1984: 1981: 1975: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1930:United States 1927: 1923: 1919: 1918:Lingayat Vani 1915: 1911: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1894: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1874:Basava Purana 1871: 1867: 1863: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1826:Basava Purana 1819: 1818:Karana Hasuge 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1763: 1762:Akka Mahadevi 1758: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1739:(also called 1738: 1734: 1728: 1720: 1712: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1683: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1659:Vegetarianism 1658: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1609: 1607: 1606: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1577: 1576: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1543: 1540: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1474: 1473: 1468: 1460: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1373: 1372: 1367: 1359: 1355: 1354:Kudalasangama 1351: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1325:unity of the 1319: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1283: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1267:Mahima Dharma 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1239:shunya Brahma 1235: 1233: 1229: 1228:Allama Prabhu 1225: 1224: 1219: 1212: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1154: 1152: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1131: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1108: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059:supreme being 1056: 1053: 1045: 1041: 1040:Akka Mahadevi 1036: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1004: 1002: 998: 994: 992: 987: 984:In 2000, the 982: 975: 973: 969: 965: 963: 959: 958: 948: 946: 944: 940: 934: 931: 927: 918: 916: 914: 910: 909: 908:Basava Purana 903: 902: 897: 889: 887: 885: 881: 877: 872: 865: 863: 859: 857: 853: 849: 845: 844: 839: 834: 832: 827: 823: 819: 815: 810: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 779: 777: 773: 769: 761: 757: 752: 744: 739: 737: 735: 734: 730:According to 728: 724: 720: 714: 707: 705: 704:Gauri Lankesh 702:According to 700: 698: 694: 690: 686: 685:Panchacharyas 682: 681:Veerashaivism 677: 675: 671: 663: 661: 658: 654: 653:Veerashaivism 650: 649: 648:Veerashaivism 644: 639: 635: 633: 628: 622: 617: 613: 612: 603: 601: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 558: 556: 552: 548: 544: 539: 537: 531: 529: 525: 524: 519: 515: 511: 500: 495: 493: 488: 486: 481: 480: 478: 477: 474: 464: 463: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 439: 438: 437: 432: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 386:Kudalasangama 384: 383: 382: 381: 376: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 360:Basava purana 358: 356: 355:Karana Hasuge 353: 351: 348: 347: 346: 345: 340: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 281: 280: 279: 274: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 243:Akka Mahadevi 241: 239: 238:Allama Prabhu 236: 234: 231: 230: 229: 228: 223: 220: 216: 212: 208: 207: 203: 199: 198: 191: 187: 183: 178: 175: 171: 167: 162: 159: 158: 153: 152: 147: 146: 141: 140: 139:Basava purana 135: 134: 133:Karana Hasuge 129: 128: 123: 118: 114: 110: 105: 101: 99: 95: 91: 89: 85: 81: 79: 75: 70: 66: 62: 57: 52: 47: 42: 38: 30: 19: 7244:Shaiva sects 7103:Tiruchengode 7007:Grishneshwar 7002:Bhimashankar 6994:Jyotirlingas 6846:Kanwar Yatra 6814: 6764: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6717:Rudrashtakam 6715: 6708: 6684: 6677: 6672:Shiva Purana 6670: 6663: 6656: 6520: 6467: 6460: 6381:Ingaleshwara 6320:Mantra Gopya 6187: 6115:. 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Retrieved 4950: 4938:, retrieved 4918: 4906:, retrieved 4886: 4867: 4856:, retrieved 4836: 4824:, retrieved 4804: 4792:, retrieved 4776:, ABC-CLIO, 4772: 4760:, retrieved 4740: 4721: 4712: 4701:, retrieved 4681: 4669:, retrieved 4649: 4637:, retrieved 4627: 4599:. Retrieved 4587: 4575: 4565:17 September 4563:. Retrieved 4559:the original 4554: 4545: 4537: 4530:. Retrieved 4526:the original 4521: 4497:. Retrieved 4488: 4464:. Retrieved 4454: 4444: 4437: 4417: 4410: 4398: 4386: 4374: 4362: 4357:, p. 7. 4318:. Retrieved 4313: 4304: 4279: 4275: 4265: 4253: 4241: 4222: 4212:27 September 4210:. Retrieved 4190: 4183: 4171: 4161:27 September 4159:. Retrieved 4139: 4132: 4122:27 September 4120:. Retrieved 4100: 4078: 4066: 4054: 4042: 4035:Michael 1992 4030: 3990: 3986: 3980: 3968: 3956: 3946:27 September 3944:. Retrieved 3924: 3917: 3905: 3893: 3866: 3854: 3842: 3830: 3787:Michael 1992 3782: 3770: 3696: 3667:. Retrieved 3647: 3640: 3616: 3607: 3595: 3583: 3556: 3505: 3501: 3463: 3451: 3436: 3429:Michell 1995 3424: 3417:Michell 1995 3412: 3400:. Retrieved 3380: 3373: 3361:. Retrieved 3341: 3319:. Retrieved 3299: 3292: 3280:. Retrieved 3270: 3248:. Retrieved 3228: 3204: 3177: 3165: 3153: 3141: 3129: 3102: 3058: 3046: 3034: 2976: 2964: 2952: 2947:, p. 5. 2927:26 September 2925:. Retrieved 2905: 2898: 2888:26 September 2886:. Retrieved 2866: 2859: 2848:26 September 2846:. Retrieved 2826: 2819: 2803: 2798:, p. 5. 2791: 2784:Michael 1992 2730:26 September 2728:. Retrieved 2718: 2687: 2683: 2677: 2667:27 September 2665:. Retrieved 2645: 2621: 2575: 2563: 2507: 2498: 2489: 2480: 2403: 2397: 2373:, p. 6. 2329: 2308:. Retrieved 2298: 2286:. Retrieved 2277: 2243: 2234: 2221: 2216: 2206: 2191: 2181: 2171: 2161: 2151: 2138:gurusthalada 2137: 2128: 2120: 2119:Writing for 2104: 2094: 2089: 2076: 2068: 2064: 2055: 2001: 1992: 1983: 1947: 1907: 1904:Demographics 1892: 1890: 1882: 1872:, author of 1859: 1845: 1843: 1824: 1822: 1808:Mantra Gopya 1797: 1788: 1784: 1781:Mantra-gopya 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1766: 1740: 1696: 1678: 1662: 1651: 1645: 1637:lingadharane 1636: 1633:Lingadharane 1632: 1631: 1628:Lingadharane 1610: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1590: 1580: 1573: 1571: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1552: 1541: 1523: 1489: 1472:Ashtavaranas 1470: 1467:Ashtavaranas 1466: 1464: 1433:(shun anger) 1371:Panchacharas 1369: 1366:Panchacharas 1365: 1363: 1345:Panchacharas 1335:Adi Shankara 1330: 1323: 1314:Adi Shankara 1312:philosopher 1304:philosopher 1289: 1287: 1280: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1251:Panchasakhas 1250: 1238: 1236: 1231: 1221: 1217: 1216: 1205: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1155: 1150: 1147: 1137: 1135: 1106: 1104: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1049: 1043: 1023: 1019: 1008: 999: 995: 990: 985: 983: 979: 970: 966: 955: 952: 935: 922: 913:Bukka Raya I 906: 899: 893: 883: 880:gurusthalada 879: 873: 869: 860: 855: 841: 837: 835: 817: 811: 780: 765: 731: 729: 725: 708: 701: 696: 684: 680: 678: 667: 656: 652: 646: 642: 640: 636: 615: 609: 607: 569: 559: 546: 540: 532: 527: 523:Veerashaivas 521: 509: 508: 396:Ingaleshwara 391:Basavakalyan 370:Mantra Gopya 218: 155: 151:Mantra Gopya 149: 143: 137: 131: 125: 29: 7199:Lingayatism 7150:Other names 7032:Omkareshwar 7017:Mallikarjun 6880:Panch Kedar 6752:Shri Rudram 6738:Sahasranama 6289:Panchachara 6279:Ashtavarana 6188:Lingayatism 6107:"LINGAYATS" 5655:23 December 5588:Web-sources 5546:15 November 5524:15 November 5322:, Penguin, 5017:Lingayatism 4794:15 November 4715:, Routledge 4499:31 December 4466:19 February 4418:Maharashtra 4338:Prasad 2012 4320:12 November 4071:Vasavi 1999 3859:Bäumer 2010 3548:, pp. 3443:, pp. 3209:Aitken 1999 2601:, pp. 2226:Yeddyurappa 2017:Hindu sect: 1914:Maharashtra 1665:vegetarians 1461:Ashtavarana 1430:muniya beda 1243:Vaishnavism 1188:Ashtavarana 1184:Panchachara 1096:Soteriology 1042:holding an 1038:An idol of 943:Chitradurga 848:Shiva Liṅga 818:Virashaivas 733:India Today 664:Lingayatism 657:Veerashaiva 643:Lingayatism 584:followers, 562:South India 510:Lingayatism 309:Panchachara 299:Ashtavarana 219:Lingayatism 88:Maharashtra 37:Veerashaiva 33:Lingayatism 7193:Categories 7133:Rasalingam 7057:Vishwanath 7052:Vaidyanath 6908:Kalpeshwar 6861:Shiva Puja 6776:Traditions 6574:Tatpurusha 6308:Scriptures 6284:Shatsthala 6248:Siddharama 5578:22 January 5457:22 January 5340:29 October 5217:22 January 5116:21 January 5032:9004063706 4940:21 January 4908:22 January 4858:22 January 4762:22 January 4703:22 January 4671:22 January 3823:Dalal 2010 3804:Olson 2007 3731:Malik 1943 3588:Bairy 2013 3576:Bairy 2013 3561:Bairy 2013 3485:Bairy 2013 3146:Bunce 2010 3080:Olson 2007 3027:Bairy 2013 2957:Bairy 2013 2810:, p. 2719:The Mysore 2568:Dalal 2010 2354:Dalal 2010 2254:References 2166:1156–67)." 2097:tradition: 2093:Dating of 2036:pantheon." 1922:marathwada 1839:Bhima Kavi 1713:Literature 1490:Ishtalinga 1308:, than to 1263:Jagannatha 1192:Shatsthala 1101:Shatsthala 1090:atma-linga 1076:ishtalinga 1067:ishtalinga 1063:ishtalinga 1044:ishtalinga 1030:Ishtalinga 1020:Ishtalinga 843:Ishtalinga 803:Bijjala II 749:See also: 641:The terms 590:Pashupatas 574:Shivaratri 547:Ishtalinga 426:Basavagiri 342:Scriptures 334:Pranalinga 314:Ishtalinga 304:Shatsthala 258:Siddalinga 248:Siddharama 186:Kannadigas 120:Scriptures 115:(Shaivism) 82:15,893,983 7093:Lingaraja 7088:Katas Raj 7027:Nageshvar 7012:Kedarnath 6898:Rudranath 6888:Kedarnath 6686:Tirumurai 6613:Kartikeya 6569:Sadyojata 6386:Srisailam 6233:Basavanna 6050:The Hindu 5806:The Hindu 5693:0971-751X 5685:The Hindu 5500:"Kannada" 5249:5 October 5043:27 August 5003:220929180 4826:27 August 4601:11 August 4532:11 August 4489:The Hindu 4314:Prajavani 4296:145293280 4246:Rice 1982 3669:3 October 3530:162874001 3402:5 October 3363:5 October 3321:5 October 3282:5 October 3250:5 October 3197:Rice 1982 3095:Rice 1982 2460:202376600 2452:299661763 2428:0018-2710 2134:Kalamukha 1938:Australia 1926:Zamindars 1910:Karnataka 1793:Siddarama 1745:Palm Leaf 1693:Festivals 1616:Sanskrit 1524:rudraksha 1520:Rudrāksha 1475:include: 1398:kola beda 1390:kala beda 1383:Basavanna 1374:include: 1202:Rudraksha 1071:istalinga 1052:Hindu god 876:Kalamukha 838:Vachanaas 809:, India. 807:Karnataka 799:Kalachuri 783:statesman 772:Kalamukha 632:Parashiva 627:istalinga 621:iṣṭaliṅga 604:Etymology 594:Kapalikas 566:Karnataka 528:Lingayats 516:based on 401:Srisailam 268:Somanatha 263:Chamarasa 164:Languages 107:Religions 102:1,500,000 98:Telangana 92:6,742,460 78:Karnataka 7168:Category 7073:Amarnath 6946:Chitiram 6941:Thamiram 6926:Rathinam 6893:Tungnath 6856:Pradosha 6793:Kapalika 6618:Devasena 6579:Vamadeva 6564:Nataraja 6554:Harihara 6544:Bhairava 6512:Shaivism 6462:Category 6330:Vachanas 6263:Sarvajna 6111:Archived 6084:Archived 6054:Archived 6029:Archived 6010:Archived 5992:20 March 5986:Archived 5956:Archived 5916:Archived 5875:Archived 5849:Archived 5810:Archived 5781:Archived 5759:Archived 5727:Archived 5703:23 March 5697:Archived 5649:Archived 5624:Archived 5572:archived 5540:archived 5518:archived 5483:Archived 5451:archived 5334:archived 5243:Archived 5211:archived 5142:archived 5110:archived 5098:, Gale, 5069:archived 5037:archived 4966:Archived 4934:archived 4902:archived 4890:, Gale, 4852:archived 4820:archived 4788:archived 4756:archived 4697:archived 4665:archived 4639:11 March 4633:archived 4592:Archived 4493:Archived 4403:Das 2005 4230:Archived 4206:Archived 4155:Archived 4116:Archived 3940:Archived 3847:Das 1994 3663:Archived 3396:Archived 3357:Archived 3315:Archived 3276:Archived 3244:Archived 3158:Das 2005 2921:Archived 2882:Archived 2842:Archived 2724:Archived 2661:Archived 2444:64001081 2436:00182710 2414:: 1–37. 2410:for the 2310:20 April 2288:5 August 2282:Archived 2143:viraktas 2121:The Wire 1964:See also 1866:shastras 1864:and the 1502:Pādodaka 1306:Ramanuja 930:Lepakshi 884:viraktas 826:Nayanars 776:Nayanars 689:Agasthya 674:Shaivism 555:Ramanuja 536:Vachanas 518:Shaivism 421:Solapura 411:Yedeyuru 211:a series 209:Part of 113:Hinduism 18:Lingayat 7145:Vibhuti 7042:Somnath 6745:Chalisa 6608:Ganesha 6601:Parvati 6531:Deities 6522:History 6427:Vibhuti 6406:Solapur 6396:Yedeyur 6299:Daasoha 6208:History 6201:Origins 6190:Topics 5643:Shaivam 5187:2844333 4613:Sources 4007:3711676 3550:128–129 3522:2941919 2333:, p.176 2186:state." 1934:Britain 1769:Vachana 1743:) on a 1682:Brahmin 1618:oneness 1605:Jangama 1557:Kannada 1514:Vibhuti 1508:Prasāda 1496:Jangama 1339:Advaita 1310:Advaita 1294:Vedanta 1282:Śūnyatā 1276:Brahman 1206:Vibhuti 957:shudras 814:Brahmin 787:Kannada 740:History 719:virakta 713:virakta 670:Jainism 570:jayanti 447:Vibhuti 329:Sharana 190:Marathi 174:Marathi 170:Kannada 59:Founder 7178:Portal 7140:Siddha 7128:Lingam 7066:Others 6798:Aghori 6701:Stotra 6697:Mantra 6586:Shakti 6559:Ishana 6441:People 6294:Kayaka 6226:Saints 6117:2 July 5872:Basava 5691: 5564: 5510: 5475: 5443: 5410: 5392: 5374: 5356: 5326: 5306: 5288: 5270: 5235: 5203: 5185: 5134: 5102: 5061: 5029: 5013:Bhakti 5001: 4958: 4926: 4894: 4874: 4844: 4812: 4780: 4748: 4728: 4689: 4657: 4425: 4294: 4198: 4147: 4108: 4005: 3932: 3655: 3528: 3520: 3388: 3349: 3307: 3236: 2913: 2874: 2834: 2653: 2458: 2450: 2442: 2434: 2426: 1950:castes 1831:Telugu 1669:liquor 1647:Diksha 1614:So'ham 1600:Dasoha 1592:Dasoha 1581:kayaka 1567:Kayaka 1534:Mantra 1271:Shunya 1232:shunya 1218:Shunya 1190:, and 1151:lingam 1138:moksha 1086:lingam 1024:lingam 852:bhakti 793:and a 760:Basava 751:Basava 611:lingam 442:Lingam 324:Dāsoha 294:Jangam 289:Lingam 233:Basava 225:Saints 65:Basava 51:Basava 6936:Velli 6803:Kaula 6649:Texts 6630:Nandi 6623:Valli 6539:Shiva 6391:Ulavi 5183:JSTOR 4999:S2CID 4595:(PDF) 4584:(PDF) 4292:S2CID 4003:JSTOR 3526:S2CID 3518:JSTOR 3445:39–40 2629:–149. 2603:34–35 2456:S2CID 2432:JSTOR 2406:(1). 2176:one." 1976:Notes 1878:Vedas 1862:Vedas 1652:Linga 1641:pooja 1622:Shiva 1575:karma 1486:Linga 1448:Shiva 1298:Atman 1292:, in 1247:Odiya 1144:Mukti 1130:mukti 1055:Shiva 1016:Shiva 1012:Hindu 831:linga 801:king 586:Naths 543:Shiva 512:is a 406:Ulavi 6596:Sati 6448:List 6119:2014 6092:2019 6062:2019 5994:2018 5964:2017 5818:2019 5705:2018 5689:ISSN 5657:2012 5580:2017 5562:ISBN 5548:2020 5526:2020 5508:ISBN 5491:2018 5473:ISBN 5459:2017 5441:ISBN 5408:ISBN 5390:ISBN 5372:ISBN 5354:ISBN 5342:2015 5324:ISBN 5304:ISBN 5286:ISBN 5268:ISBN 5251:2018 5233:ISBN 5219:2017 5201:ISBN 5150:2020 5132:ISBN 5118:2017 5100:ISBN 5077:2017 5059:ISBN 5045:2017 5027:ISBN 4974:2018 4956:ISBN 4942:2017 4924:ISBN 4910:2017 4892:ISBN 4872:ISBN 4860:2017 4842:ISBN 4828:2017 4810:ISBN 4796:2020 4778:ISBN 4764:2017 4746:ISBN 4726:ISBN 4705:2017 4687:ISBN 4673:2017 4655:ISBN 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