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537:. In the early nineteenth century, a farmhouse was built on Lihou, and the island was listed as being owned by Eleazar le Marchant, who held the post of lieutenant bailiff of Guernsey. Eleazar made an ultimately unsuccessful attempt, in 1815, to suppress the seaweed industry based around Lihou. In a book published in the same year, William Berry noted the presence of an "iron hook of a gate hinge" on some rocks, approximately three miles out at sea from Lihou, along with the remains of old roads, and surmised that Lihou may have been significantly larger in the past but that the sea had eroded a considerable portion. Through the remainder of the nineteenth century and the start of the twentieth century, the island changed hands between a succession of owners including James Priaulx in 1863, Arthur Clayfield in 1883, and Colonel Hubert de Lancey Walters in 1906.
491:
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47:
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593:, based around the farmhouse, which is operated by the Lihou Charitable Trust, although overall responsibility for the island remains with the Environment Department of the States of Guernsey. Lihou and several other small Channel Islands such as Herm and Sark, issued their own stamps until 1969, when the States of Guernsey assumed responsibility for postal services in the Bailiwick, which had previously been provided by the UK Government.
952:
581:). Records suggest considerable activity as early as the beginning of the nineteenth century. The value of the seaweed as a fertiliser was so great that in 1815 Eleazor Le Marchant, lieutenant bailiff of Guernsey and owner of Lihou, initiated a court case to prevent islanders from drying seaweed on the beaches of Lihou. The case eventually led to new regulations issued in 1818 by the Bailiwick legislature, known as the
311:), although there have been a number of owners in the past. Since 2006, the island has been jointly managed by the Guernsey Environment Department and the Lihou Charitable Trust. In the past the island was used by locals for the collection of seaweed for use as a fertiliser, but today Lihou is mainly used for tourism, including school trips. Lihou is also an important centre for conservation, forming part of a
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murdered one of the monks. The
Bailiff and several assistants attempted to apprehend Le Roer but he did not surrender and was subsequently killed by Ranulph Gautier, one of the Bailiff's assistants. Gautier tried to find sanctuary in a nearby church and eventually fled to England, before returning to Guernsey when the king pardoned him. However, some years later Gautier was tortured to death in
557:, in Canada, and the island was sold to Robin and Patricia Borwick. In 1995 the island was bought by the States of Guernsey. The ruins of the priory are possibly the most extensive religious relic in Guernsey. There have been several studies and excavations of the ruins, including archaeological investigations in 1996, and in 1998, when several twelfth-fourteenth century graves were unearthed.
514:. In the first three centuries, there were several Priors appointed, sometimes with short tenures, but in 1500 Ralph Leonard was installed as Prior for life. However, within decades the Priory was abandoned, with evidence of Thomas de Baugy being the final Prior around 1560. There is also evidence that the priory was allocated to John After in 1566, who had also been appointed as the
380:. The name is also attested further afield, in a number of other countries, such as Australia, where for example, Sergeant James Lihou, the son of a migrant from Guernsey, enlisted in the Australian forces in 1916 and was killed in action in 1918 in France. There are also numerous instances of people with the surname having migrated from the Channel Islands to the United States.
242:
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59:
549:. In 1961, Lieutenant-Colonel Patrick Wootton purchased Lihou. Wootton had plans to develop the island, beginning in the following year first by clearing the area of the old farmhouse, in preparation for the building of a new farmhouse, with construction work continuing into 1963. He organized summer camps for young adults on the island and imported sheep from the
420:. The Guernsey Environment Department does not allow visitors to go to the two islets and the shingle bank at certain times of the year in order to allow the birds to breed. Approximately 800 metres (0.50 mi) north of the island is a submerged ledge called Grand Etacre, which was considered to be a hazard to navigation in the nineteenth century.
393:
granite and gneiss bedrock. The island has a mild oceanic climate like other
Channel Islands, due to being buffered by the nearby English and French coastlines. Lihou shares the weather features of Guernsey, with winter temperatures falling to 4.4 °C (39.9 °F) in February and summers with a high of 19.5 °C (67.1 °F) in August.
392:
and at low tide it is linked to the nearby L'Erée headland, on
Guernsey, by a 400 m (1,300 ft) stone causeway. Apart from shingle beaches, the island has a 20 m (66 ft) high ridge running approximately north–south. Lihou is mainly composed of weathered rock below which are found
585:
at the time, based on a review of ancient royal decrees. However, the Royal Court of
Guernsey ruled in favour of the islanders in 1821, with the effect that permission to harvest seaweed on Lihou was granted to inhabitants of the parishes of St Peters and St Saviours. More than a century later, in
498:
In the early fourteenth century, Lihou may have become the origin of a local legend about a wealthy
Bailiff of Guernsey who attempted to have an innocent peasant executed on false charges of theft of silver cups. In either 1302 or 1304, a priory servant called Thomas le Roer was alleged to have
466:
era tombs on the nearby mainland. The recorded history of Lihou began in 933 AD when the
Channel Islands were seized from Brittany by the ruler of Normandy. Lihou and the nearby Neolithic tombs were traditionally believed to have been meeting places for local witches, and fairies. This led to
540:
During World War II, the
Channel Islands were occupied by the Germans from 1940 to 1945, and Lihou was used for target practice by the German artillery, causing the farmhouse to collapse completely. During the summer of 1952, the ruins of the priory were studied in some detail by
435:, covering about 427 hectares (1,060 acres) of land and sea. This has created a marine reserve for the extensive variety of wildlife including more than 200 species of seaweed on the shores of Lihou, and more than 150 species of birds observed in the area.
450:
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487:, in the early part of the eleventh century. The priory is thought to have been constructed with contributions from the Guernseymen, who appear to have been fairly affluent at the time.
475:). A number of dates have been suggested for the establishment of the priory, with estimates ranging from as early as 1114, to as late as 1156. Records suggest that the priory was an
2078:
368:
Lihou is also a common family name on
Guernsey, with records suggesting that the name has been in use in the Channel Islands since at least the eighteenth century, including
458:
The history of Lihou is closely linked to the history of
Guernsey in particular and the Channel Islands in general. The earliest evidence of habitation are
1865:
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431:" which includes parts of the shoreline of Guernsey. On 1 March 2006, Lihou and the L'Erée headland were designated a part of Guernsey's first
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Two small islets, close to the island, called
Lissroy and Lihoumel, are breeding places for a number of endangered species of birds, including
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Historically, Lihou was an important location for a commercially significant industry based around the harvesting of seaweed (or
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on 26 March 1938, reference PM236. From 1 March 2006, Lihou and the L'Erée headland were designated a part of Guernsey's first
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1721:"Archaeology Section report for 1999: Lihou Priory archaeological excavations, 1998 and 1999 seasons"
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The whole of the building known as the Priory of St Mary, Lihou and surrounding area was listed as a
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for the preservation of rare birds and plants as well as historic ruins of a priory and a farmhouse.
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conflict with church authorities, especially when a priory was established on Lihou, dedicated to
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533:, had the priory destroyed to prevent French forces from capturing the island during the
357:. Historically, there have also been a number of alternative forms of the name including
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2017:
2012:
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under whose authority it operated. Ownership of the island was granted to the abbey by
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898:
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288:
1904:
1006:. Vol. 4. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman. p. 487.
511:
276:
586:
1927, a factory was established on the island to produce iodine from the seaweed.
1118:
1088:. UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (defunct). Archived from
986:
Annals of Some of the British Norman Isles Constituting the Bailiwick of Guernsey
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341:" which means a small hill or a mound. The name could have developed from the
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30:
This article is about an island in the English Channel. For other uses, see
628:
241:
1791:
1367:
1176:. Environment Department, States of Guernsey. October 2012. Archived from
1980:
1919:
1891:
1625:. The Stationery Office (part of the UK National Archives). December 1752
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328:
280:
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era objects recovered from archaeological digs of the 1990s, along with
412:. Numerous other species of birds and plants are found on Lihou such as
2042:
1957:
1720:
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17:
442:
is rather complex, but closely associated with neighbouring Guernsey.
2002:
1994:
1947:
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which could consume seaweed. In 1983 Wootton decided to emigrate to
688:
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27:
Small tidal island, on the west coast of Guernsey, Channel Islands
1677:. G.R. Rowland, Bailiff of Guernsey. 28 November 2007. p. 12
1972:
1942:
755:
337:
1847:
1441:"Writing in an unwritten language: the case of Guernsey French"
824:
Guernsey Society of Natural Science and Local Research (1900).
1117:. Meteorological Observatory, Guernsey Airport. Archived from
264:
1831:
267:
179:
372:
Captain John Lihou, who discovered and named the Australian
667:(144 ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. 2011. p. 314.
361:, which was attested as early as the twelfth century, and
307:, and is now owned by the parliament of Guernsey (the
1505:
Landscapes of Guernsey: With Alderney, Sark and Herm
261:
1993:
1971:
1918:
1890:
1881:
1762:"Lihou House – in partnership with the island"
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1790:. Philatelic Bureau, Guernsey Post. Archived from
1725:Report and Transactions of la Société Guernesiaise
1698:"The priory of Notre Dame, Lihou Island, Guernsey"
1571:"Gautier de la Salle: a "most notorious" henchman"
1055:. Statue of Liberty- Ellis Island Foundation, Inc
279:located just off the west coast of the island of
2074:Uninhabited islands of the Bailiwick of Guernsey
365:, which was mentioned in the sixteenth century.
51:Lihou and the nearby L'Eree headland of Guernsey
1346:"Guernsey's L'Eree wetland is vital eco system"
903:. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown.
2079:Former populated places in the Channel Islands
1370:. Guernsey Museums and Galleries. 19 July 2012
1272:"List of Wetlands of International Importance"
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323:In common with several nearby islands such as
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1081:Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2006).
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
689:"Lihou Island and l'Erée Headland, Guernsey"
295:. Administratively, Lihou forms part of the
39:
1700:. La Société Guernesiaise. pp. 153–164
1324:"The Annotated Ramsar List: United Kingdom"
1277:. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. p. 29
589:The economic mainstay of the island is now
1887:
1866:
1852:
1844:
1412:
1410:
1228:Sailing Directions for the English Channel
953:"Lihou – 1841 Channel Islands Census"
211:Lihou Island and l'Erée Headland, Guernsey
57:
45:
38:
1744:"On the Economic Applications of Seaweed"
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1231:. Admiralty Hydrographic Office. p.
832:. Guernsey Star and Gazette Company: 318.
623:
621:
1764:. Lihou Charitable Trust. Archived from
1202:. Lihou Charitable Trust. Archived from
912:
910:
454:19th-century drawing of the priory ruins
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1083:"Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands"
846:
835:
797:
795:
793:
506:The priory was seized in 1414 by King
425:Site of Nature Conservation Importance
1448:Reading Working Papers in Linguistics
900:The History of the Island of Guernsey
874:A Topographical Dictionary of England
791:
789:
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783:
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641:. States of Guernsey. 2006. p. 3
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7:
1479:. States of Guernsey. Archived from
754:. States of Guernsey. Archived from
1368:"Archaeology Collections in Detail"
1147:. World Meteorological Organization
920:Reformation and Society in Guernsey
716:Yves Le Marquand (19 August 2019).
63:Lihou is on the far left of the map
1031:Australian Dictionary of Biography
529:In 1759 the Governor of Guernsey,
423:Lihou island was identified as a "
388:Lihou is the furthest west of the
25:
1145:World Weather Information Service
1027:"Lihou, James Victor (1895–1918)"
1115:"Climate of the Channel Islands"
1033:. Australian National University
923:. Rochester, NY: Boydell Press.
665:Whitaker's Concise Almanack 2012
254:
2094:Tourist attractions in Guernsey
2089:Wetlands of the Channel Islands
1573:. BBC. February 2004. p. 2
1537:Portrait of the Channel Islands
1508:(3 ed.). Sunflower Books.
1326:. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
631:, a local measure of area. See
1788:"Guernsey and Alderney stamps"
1748:Journal of the Society of Arts
1742:Edward C. C. Stanford (1862).
1302:. Charonia Media. p. 18.
1299:Channel Island Marine Molluscs
427:" in 1989, and as part of an "
400:The Lihou causeway at low tide
1:
525:The remains of walls on Lihou
494:The ruins of St Mary's Priory
1053:"Matching passenger records"
479:of the Benedictine abbey of
1252:. 22 May 1896. p. 3068
503:, but it is not known why.
2110:
1025:R. C. H. Courtney (1986).
917:Darryl Mark Ogier (1996).
635:Guernsey Facts and Figures
485:Robert I, Duke of Normandy
29:
2036:
1600:. APA Productions. 1988.
826:"Report and Transactions"
803:"History of Little Lihou"
696:Sites Information Service
235:
231:
194:
145:
56:
44:
2084:Ramsar sites in Guernsey
1534:Raoul Lemprière (1979).
1439:Julia Sallabank (2002).
718:"Lihou can fly own flag"
331:, the name contains the
245:Flag of Lihou since 2019
1719:Heather Sebire (1999).
577:in the local language,
510:along with a number of
440:geology of Lihou Island
406:Eurasian oystercatchers
1420:. BBC. 8 December 2008
1348:. BBC. 2 February 2010
1296:Paul Chambers (2008).
1000:John Marshall (1835).
897:William Berry (1815).
845:Cite journal requires
570:
526:
495:
455:
401:
246:
170:Additional information
32:Lihou (disambiguation)
2064:Geography of Guernsey
1883:Bailiwick of Guernsey
1816:. States Of Guernsey.
1502:Geoff Daniel (2003).
1477:"Lihou Island-Priory"
1452:University of Reading
1395:. BBC. 7 January 2009
1225:Martin White (1835).
1003:Royal Naval Biography
871:Samuel Lewis (1833).
661:"The Channel Islands"
568:
524:
493:
453:
410:common ringed plovers
399:
384:Geography and climate
305:Bailiwick of Guernsey
244:
149:Bailiwick of Guernsey
136:36 acres (15 ha)
1620:"The London Gazette"
1483:on 24 September 2015
1180:on 24 September 2015
555:Prince Edward Island
95:49.46111°N 2.66778°W
1995:Bailiwick of Jersey
1794:on 20 February 2014
1647:James Marr (1984).
1418:"Le Creux ès Faïes"
983:John Jacob (1830).
805:. BBC. 3 April 2008
758:on 21 February 2014
607:Ramsar wetland site
569:The Lihou farmhouse
433:Ramsar wetland site
429:Important Bird Area
313:Ramsar wetland site
91: /
41:
1768:on 2 February 2014
1696:Sebine H. (1997).
1206:on 2 February 2014
989:. Paris: J. Smith.
877:. S. Lewis and Co.
603:Protected Monument
591:ecological tourism
571:
527:
508:Henry V of England
496:
471:(known locally as
456:
402:
309:States of Guernsey
247:
224:Reference no.
100:49.46111; -2.66778
2049:
2048:
1989:
1988:
1095:on 12 August 2017
627:Equivalent to 89
473:Our Lady of Lihou
414:peregrine falcons
374:Port Lihou Island
239:
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16:(Redirected from
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516:Dean of Guernsey
355:in or near water
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285:English Channel
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1454:. p. 1
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165:1 (Warden)
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