1064:
938:
142:
740:. The modified mouth and lips allow the fish to feed, breathe, and attach to the substrate through suction. The lips were once believed to be unable to function as a sucker while respiration continued, as the inflowing water would cause the system to fail; however, respiration and suction can function simultaneously. Inflowing water passing under the sucker is limited to a thin stream immediately behind each maxillary barbel; the
419:. Currently, L-numbers are used not only by fish-keeping enthusiasts, but also by biologists, since they represent a useful stopgap until a new species of fish is given a full taxonomic name. In some cases, two different L-numbered catfish have turned out to be different populations of the same species, while in other cases, multiple (but superficially similar) species have all been traded under a single L-number.
120:
824:
1012:
Loricariids exhibit a wide range of reproductive strategies, including cavity spawning, attachment of eggs on the underside of rocks, and egg-carrying. Parental care is usually good, and the male guards the eggs and sometimes the larvae. The eggs hatch after four to 20 days, depending on the species.
744:
in loricariids support only small maxillary barbels and are primarily used to mediate the lateral lip tissue in which they are embedded, preventing failure of suction during inspiration. To achieve suction, the fish presses its lips against the substrate and expands its oral cavity, causing negative
1008:
is known for being kept out of water and sold alive in fish markets, surviving up to 30 hours out of water. Loricariids are facultative air breathers; they will only breathe air if under stress and will only use their gills in situations when oxygen levels are high. The dry season is a likely
1772:
Brito, Paulo M.; Dutheil, Didier B.; Keith, Philippe; Carnevale, Giorgio; Meunier, François J.; Khalloufi, Bouziane; Gueriau, Pierre (2024). "A reply to a comment on Brito et al., 2024, A Saharan fossil and the dawn of the
Neotropical armoured catfishes in Gondwana by Britz, Pinion, Kubicek and
914:
seems to be a common feature among loricariids; this is demonstrated by a higher number of biarmed chromosomes in species with lower diploid number and many uniarmed chromosomes in species with higher diploid numbers. Studies conducted with representatives of some genera of
Hypostominae showed,
523:
to the rest of the family. Neoplecostominae are the most basal group among the loricariids with the exception of
Lithogeneinae. However, the genera of Neoplecostominae do not appear to form a monophyletic assemblage. The two subfamilies Loricariinae and Hypoptopomatinae appear to be generally
843:. The dorsal segment of the iris expands downward over the pupil to form a loop which can expand and contract, called an iris operculum; when light levels are high, the pupil reduces in diameter and the loop expands to cover the center of the pupil, giving rise to a
524:
regarded as monophyletic. However, the monophyly and composition of the other subfamilies are currently being examined and will likely be altered substantially in the future. The
Hypostominae are the largest subfamily of Loricariidae. It is made up of five
1202:
Ribeiro, Alexandre C.; Lima, Flávio C. T.; Pereira, Edson H. L. (2012). "A New Genus and
Species of a Minute Suckermouth Armored Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Tocantins Drainage, Central Brazil: The Smallest Known Loricariid Catfish".
653:. Species occur in swift-flowing streams from the lowlands up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in elevation. They can also be found in a variety of other freshwater environments. They can be found in torrential mountain rivers, quiet brackish estuaries,
467:
family, including about 684 species in around 92 genera, with new species being described each year. However, this family is in flux, and revisions are likely. For example, the subfamily
Ancistrinae is accepted as late as the 2006 edition of Nelson's
1174:
Brito, P. M.; Dutheil, D. B.; Gueriau, P.; Keith, P.; Carnevale, G.; Britto, M.; Meunier, F. J.; Khalloufi, B.; King, A.; de Amorim, P. F.; Costa, W. J. E. M. (2024). "A saharan fossil and the dawn of
Neotropical armoured catfishes in Gondwana".
2443:
Two new species of
Loricariidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from main channels of the upper and middle Amazon Basin, with discussion of deep water specialization in loricariids. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 19:
810:
develop almost anywhere on the external surface of the body and first appear soon after hatching; odontodes appear in a variety of shapes and sizes and are often sexually dimorphic, being larger in breeding males. In most
431:
assemblage in even the earliest classifications of the
Siluriformes, meaning they consist of a natural grouping with a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Loricariidae is one of seven families in the superfamily
1111:
Most species of loricariids are nocturnal and will shy away from bright light, appreciating some sort of cover to hide under throughout the day. As they often originate from habitats with fast-moving water,
2012:
950:
The suckermouth exhibited by these catfish allows them to adhere to objects in their habitats, even in fast-flowing waters. The mouth and teeth also are adapted to feed on a variety of foods, such as
919:
ranges from 2n = 52 to 2n = 80. However, the supposed wide karyotypic diversity the family
Loricariidae or the subfamily Hypostominae would present is almost exclusively restricted to the genus
1632:
Alves, Anderson Luís; Oliveira, Claudio; Foresti (2005). "Comparative cytogenetic analysis of eleven species of subfamilies Neoplecostominae and Hypostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)".
604:; in this superfamily, the trend is toward increasingly complex jaw morphology, which may have allowed for the great diversification of the Loricariidae, which have the most advanced jaws.
1749:
Britz, R.; Pinion, Amanda K.; Kubicek, Kole M.; Conway, Kevin W. (2024). "Comment on "A Saharan fossil and the dawn of Neotropical armoured catfishes in Gondwana" by Brito et al".
2790:
2359:
A new species of blind armoured catfish, genus "Ancistrus", from caves of Bodoquena region, Mato Grosso do Sul, southwestern Brazil (Siluriformes, Loricariidae, Ancistrinae).
866:
are an exceptional group among loricariids, having a circular iris. The presence or absence of the iris operculum can be used for identification of species in the subfamily
767:
organs. These complex structures would have been independently evolved a number of times within the family. This includes an enlarged stomach in the Pterygoplichthyini,
1799:
Schaefer, Scott A.; Lauder, George V. (1986). "Historical Transformation of Functional Design: Evolutionary Morphology of Feeding Mechanisms in Loricarioid Catfishes".
1284:
665:
This family has extremely variable color patterns and body shapes. Loricariids are characterized by bony plates covering their bodies, similar to the bony plates in
2641:
2121:"The eyes of suckermouth armoured catfish (Loricariidae, subfamily Hypostomus): pupil response, lenticular longitudinal spherical aberration and retinal topography"
2035:
2680:
756:; these are important evolutionary innovations. The fish rotates its lower and upper jaws to scrape the substrate. Of the two, the lower jaws are more mobile.
2780:
2161:
Armbruster, Jonathan W. (1998). "Phylogenetic Relationships of the Suckermouth Armored Catfishes of the Rhinelepis Group (Loricariidae: Hypostominae)".
1493:
2615:
2455:
2654:
815:
species, sharp evertible cheek spines (elongated odontodes) are often more developed in males and are used in intraspecific displays and combat.
2398:
1268:
1000:
faced by a species; torrent-dwelling species tend to have no ability to breathe air, while low-land, pool-dwelling species, such as those of
2346:
592:, though this has been disputed based on the complete ossification of the bones indicating full maturity and the absence of important
2775:
356:
1383:
1681:
Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae), and description of a new species from the Rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil"
1462:
2742:
1418:"The genera of the Neotropical armored catfish subfamily Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): a practical key and synopsis"
1977:(Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with comments on the evolution of snout tentacles as a novel reproductive strategy: larval mimicry"
2478:
1108:. A great many species of loricariids are also sold for their ornamental qualities, representing many body shapes and colors.
886:
is 2n = 54 in this family, but with a wide variation in the chromosome number in this fish group, ranging from 2n = 36 in the
858:). The origins of this structure are unknown, but breaking up the outline of the highly visible eye has been suggested to aid
1068:
2659:
415:'; this has become common since imports of loricariid catfish from South America often included specimens that had not been
1903:"Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of continental and insular Costa Rica: Additions and nomenclatural revisions"
2667:
218:
1972:
682:
1526:
1088:
fish, where they are often sold as "plecs", "plecos" or "plecostomus". These fish are often purchased because of their
709:
cover almost the entire surface of the body and fin spines. Body lengths can range from 2.22 cm (0.87 in) in
460:. Some of these families also exhibit suckermouths or armor, although never in the same individual, as in loricariids.
141:
2576:
847:-shaped, light-transmitting partial pupil. This feature gets its name from its similarity to an upside-down uppercase
1855:: A New Species of Loricariid Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Southern Brazil, with Comments on the Genus
1344:"Karyotype description of three species of Loricariidae (Siluriformes) and occurrence of the ZZ/ZW sexual system in
2067:
2013:"A head with a suckermouth : a functional-morphological study of the head of the suckermouth armoured catfish
1527:"Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types"
907:
711:
2685:
2490:
616:
mountains, however, most species are generally restricted to small geographic ranges. They are primarily found in
2785:
892:
638:
416:
1879:
1597:
1850:
1063:
926:
906:). Most members of the Ancistrini and Pterygoplichthyini have 52 chromosomes. Karyotypic evolution by means of
1578:
759:
Loricariid catfishes have evolved several modifications of their digestive tracts that function as accessory
2506:
1846:
1543:
1476:
1039:. Similar adaptions with reduced pigmentation are known from two loricariids found in deep water in large
925:, and the species from the other genera had a conserved diploid number. In some species, there is a ZZ/ZW
369:
339:
2770:
2706:
2581:
1938:
942:
516:
1009:
time for this; there would be little food in the stomach, which would allow its use for air breathing.
787:. It may be noted that even loricariids with unmodified stomachs have a slight ability to breathe air.
2724:
2747:
2602:
2553:
2011:
Geerinckx, Tom; Brunain, Marleen; Herrel, Anthony; Aerts, Peter; Adriaens, Dominique (January 2007).
1583:
Eigenmann, 1909 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae): Evidence from High-Resolution Computed Microtomography"
1045:
911:
752:
are highly mobile, and the lower jaws have evolved towards a medial position, with the teeth pointed
1548:
1051:
470:
355:
Members of the family Loricariidae are commonly referred to as loricariids, suckermouth catfishes,
128:
1140:"A fossil loricariid catfish (Siluriformes: Loricarioidea) from the Taubaté Basin, eastern Brazil"
693:
usually has a spine at the forward edge. These fish have, when they are present, a unique pair of
2279:
2180:
2092:
1883:
1824:
1816:
1657:
1611:
1278:
1220:
1021:
984:
537:
136:
2711:
2544:
937:
2693:
2589:
2484:
2394:
2342:
2304:
2271:
2224:
2143:
2068:"Modifications of the Digestive Tract for Holding Air in Loricariid and Scoloplacid Catfishes"
1649:
1264:
1113:
997:
916:
791:
760:
2734:
2646:
2307:; Whitmer, M. E.; Johnson, E. A.; Stewart, D. J. (1999). "Wood-eating catfishes of the genus
1481:"Delturinae, a new loricariid catfish subfamily (Teleostei, Siluriformes), with revisions of
996:
Air-breathing is well known among many loricariids; this ability is dependent on the risk of
581:, initially described as the earliest loricariid catfish in 2024, might represent a juvenile
2421:
2386:
2320:
2261:
2246:
2214:
2172:
2135:
2084:
1914:
1875:
1808:
1778:
1754:
1729:
1692:
1641:
1601:
1593:
1553:
1502:
1434:
1362:
1212:
1184:
1151:
980:
753:
729:
694:
654:
585:
499:
483:
441:
294:
275:
264:
248:
2698:
1312:
800:, the male has a large expansion of its lower lip, which it uses to hold a clutch of eggs.
902:
796:
525:
386:
2381:
Reis, 1987, from central Brazil (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)". In Aldemaro Romero (ed.).
1901:
Angulo, Arturo; Garita-Alvarado, Carlos A.; Bussing, William A.; López, Myrna I. (2013).
1718:, a new suckermouth armored catfish from Southern Venezuela (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)"
1712:
Werneke, David C.; Armbruster, Jonathan W.; Lujan, Nathan K.; Taphorn, Donald C. (2005).
515:
is the only genus within the subfamily Lithogeneinae. This genus and subfamily, the most
1387:
2324:
1417:
878:
As of 2000, only 56 loricariid species have been cytogenically investigated. The basal
836:
764:
666:
612:
The family Loricariidae is vastly distributed over both the east and west sides of the
560:
529:
449:
445:
183:
827:
The omega iris allows loricariids to adjust the amount of light that enters their eye.
427:
Because of their highly specialized morphology, loricariids have been recognized as a
2764:
2558:
2408:
Trajano, E (2001). "Habitat and population data of troglobitic armored cave catfish,
2377:
Trajano, E (2001). "Habitat and population data of troglobitic armored cave catfish,
2219:
2202:
1934:
1507:
1480:
1342:
de Oliveira, Renildo Ribeiro; Souza, Issakar Lima Souza; Venere, Paulo Cesar (2006).
644:
621:
597:
582:
564:
491:
457:
453:
433:
363:", and its shortened forms "pleco" and "plec", are used for many Loricariidae, since
322:
256:
203:
70:
2120:
1887:
1828:
1734:
1713:
1697:
1676:
1615:
1367:
1224:
1156:
1139:
2385:. Developments in environmental biology of fishes. Vol. 21. pp. 195–200.
2283:
1661:
1073:
1040:
955:
887:
867:
848:
794:
occurs in this family, most pronounced during the breeding season. For example, in
778:
629:
625:
601:
505:
Monophyly for the family is strongly supported, except, possibly, the inclusion of
495:
487:
260:
252:
119:
2594:
2390:
1343:
2672:
2628:
2538:
1089:
1077:
863:
737:
702:
690:
686:
577:
541:
533:
437:
360:
334:
326:
268:
238:
45:
373:) was one of the first loricariid species imported for the fish-keeping hobby.
2425:
1645:
1557:
1438:
1093:
989:
921:
883:
859:
812:
783:
749:
723:
650:
617:
572:
545:
520:
507:
479:
475:
378:
314:
310:
244:
108:
90:
55:
2529:
1782:
1758:
1188:
2139:
1105:
1101:
1026:
969:
832:
802:
706:
698:
478:
to the Pterygoplichthyini. Under Ambruster, six subfamilies are recognized:
428:
153:
95:
2275:
2266:
2247:"Karyotypic diversity and evolution of Loricariidae (Pisces, Siluriformes)"
2228:
2147:
1653:
823:
325:. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their
17:
2568:
2523:
1943:
1097:
1085:
1017:
959:
844:
807:
773:
678:
593:
412:
406:
344:
173:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
2203:"Trends in the karyotype evolution of Loricariidae fish (Siluriformes)"
2184:
2096:
1820:
1534:
1425:
1092:
habits, though this role may not be carried out. Loricariid are either
964:
879:
741:
717:
474:; it later becomes grouped as a tribe, because of its recognition as a
464:
306:
298:
193:
100:
75:
1216:
2633:
2163:
2075:
1919:
1902:
1866:
1606:
633:
568:
552:
330:
318:
163:
2620:
2500:
2176:
2088:
1812:
376:
Some loricariids are not normally considered "plecostomus", such as
1971:
Sabaj, Mark H.; Armbruster, Jonathan W.; Page, Lawrence M. (1999).
2719:
1062:
951:
936:
851:
822:
736:
One of the most obvious characteristics of the loricariids is the
697:. These fish have relatively long intestines due to their usually
670:
613:
302:
2119:
Douglas, Ron H.; Collin, Shaun P.; Corrigan, Julie (2002-11-15).
2201:
Artoni, Roberto Ferreira; Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos (2001).
1119:
A number of species of loricariids have been bred in captivity.
973:
705:
diets. The body is characteristically flattened in this family.
548:(formerly recognized as its own subfamily), includes 30 genera.
2504:
2412:
Reis, 1987, from central Brazil (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)".
2245:
Kavalco, KF; Pazza, R; Bertollo, LAC; Moreira-Filho, O (2005).
862:
in what are often highly mottled animals. Species in the tribe
2607:
1880:
10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0402:POANSO]2.0.CO;2
1598:
10.1206/0003-0082(2003)401<0001:ROLVES>2.0.CO;2
555:
are extremely rare. The earliest known definitive taxon is
411:
Some types of loricariids are often referred to by their '
2495:
806:
males have snouts with fleshy tentacles. In loricariids,
1016:
Three species known from subterranean habitats are true
544:, include about 24 genera. The fifth and largest tribe,
1479:; Pereira, Edson H.L.; Armbruster, Jonathan W. (2006).
2311:: gut microflora and cellulolytic enzyme activities".
2134:(22). The Journal of Experimental Biology: 3425–3433.
1138:
Malabarba, Maria Claudia; Lundberg, John G. (2007).
234:
2513:
2491:
All Catfish Species Inventory page for Loricariidae
689:(small projections) on the lips. When present, the
1728:(4). Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia: 543–548.
1592:(3401). American Museum of Natural History: 1–55.
2341:Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes.
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
1807:(4). Society of Systematic Biologists: 489–508.
781:in Rhinelepini, and a ring-like diverticulum in
1794:
1792:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1840:
1838:
1416:Covain, Raphael; Fisch-Muller, Sonia (2007).
1169:
1167:
359:, or suckermouth armoured catfish. The name "
8:
2006:
2004:
1456:
1454:
1283:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1076:, is an aquarium fish often purchased as an
2791:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
2481:- useful website including a taxonomic key.
2479:THE LORICARIIDAE by Dr. Jonathan Armbruster
2362:Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie
1520:
1518:
1133:
1131:
2501:
2240:
2238:
2114:
2112:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
118:
31:
2456:"Feeding Plecos, Part 2 • Who eats what?"
2265:
2218:
2196:
2194:
1918:
1733:
1696:
1605:
1547:
1506:
1494:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1366:
1254:
1155:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1627:
1625:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
271:(sometimes included in Hypoptopomatinae)
1127:
1004:, have a great ability to breathe air.
748:Also, unlike most other catfishes, the
1276:
1024:(appearing overall whitish) and eyes:
657:, and even in subterranean habitats.
7:
2725:A31587C7-FFF8-1276-36BD-FA98FE9FB2B2
715:to over 100 cm (39 in) in
337:", notably the suckermouth catfish,
2781:Extant Cenomanian first appearances
2441:Lujan, N.K., and C. Chamon (2008).
2357:Sabino, J., and E. Trajano (1997).
596:characters. Within the superfamily
301:(order Siluriformes), with over 90
2325:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00858.x
25:
2487:Catalogue of loricariid catfishes
2220:10.1111/j.1601-5223.2001.00201.x
2066:Armbruster, Jonathan W. (1998).
1675:Pereira, Edson H. Lopes (2005).
1508:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00229.x
979:Most species of loricariids are
600:, the Loricariidae are the most
140:
2414:Environmental Biology of Fishes
2339:The Biology of Hypogean Fishes.
2128:Journal of Experimental Biology
1849:(2002). Schaefer, S. A. (ed.).
1735:10.1590/S1679-62252005000400012
1698:10.1590/S1679-62252005000200004
1368:10.1590/s1679-62252006000100010
1157:10.1590/S1679-62252007000300005
835:, many species have a modified
588:, possibly a junior synonym of
321:, and tropical and subtropical
2383:The biology of hypogean fishes
1525:Ferraris, Carl J. Jr. (2007).
1263:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1069:Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus
519:group in Loricariidae, is the
1:
2021:(Loricariidae, Siluriformes)"
1984:Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters
896:, to 2n = 96 in a species of
309:. Loricariids originate from
2391:10.1007/978-94-015-9795-1_14
1348:Cardoso & Lucinda, 2003"
993:, prefer to live in groups.
962:. Some species, notably the
2337:Romero, A., editor (2001).
1577:Schaefer, Scott A. (2003).
1259:Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006).
972:, or the ability to digest
946:attached to a piece of wood
528:. Four of the five tribes,
2807:
2034:(1): 47–66. Archived from
712:Nannoplecostomus eleonorae
404:
389:, these fish are known as
2410:Ancistrus cryptophthalmus
2379:Ancistrus cryptophthalmus
1646:10.1007/s10709-004-7561-4
1590:American Museum Novitates
1558:10.11646/zootaxa.1418.1.1
1439:10.11646/zootaxa.1462.1.1
893:Rineloricaria latirostris
639:Fonchiiichthys uracanthus
231:
226:
137:Scientific classification
135:
126:
117:
34:
27:Largest family of catfish
2776:Catfish of South America
1947:. December 2011 version.
1937:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1783:10.1016/j.gr.2024.06.013
1759:10.1016/j.gr.2024.06.014
1716:Hemiancistrus guahiborum
1189:10.1016/j.gr.2024.04.008
1084:Loricariids are popular
987:, while others, such as
927:sex-determination system
681:). These fish exhibit a
608:Distribution and habitat
2426:10.1023/A:1011884829498
2313:Journal of Fish Biology
2140:10.1242/jeb.205.22.3425
1722:Neotropical Ichthyology
1685:Neotropical Ichthyology
1355:Neotropical Ichthyology
1144:Neotropical Ichthyology
915:within this group, the
661:Description and biology
417:taxonomically described
365:Plecostomus plecostomus
2267:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800595
1463:"Loricariid taxa list"
1346:Hemiancistrus spilomma
1081:
947:
828:
423:Taxonomy and evolution
370:Hypostomus plecostomus
340:Hypostomus plecostomus
41:Late Oligocene–Present
2707:Paleobiology Database
1939:"Family Loricariidae"
1384:"What are L Numbers?"
1066:
943:Panaque nigrolineatus
940:
826:
343:, and are popular as
1116:should be vigorous.
1046:Peckoltia pankimpuju
463:This is the largest
2458:. Planetcatfish.com
1853:Pogonopoma obscurum
1581:Lithogenes villosus
1261:Fishes of the World
1052:Panaque bathyphilus
983:. Some species are
655:black acidic waters
636:, and two species (
471:Fishes of the World
129:Loricaria simillima
1845:Quevedo, Rodrigo;
1801:Systematic Zoology
1579:"Relationships of
1461:J. W. Armbruster.
1082:
1072:, often sold as a
948:
829:
761:respiratory organs
685:suckermouth, with
538:Pterygoplichthyini
305:and just over 680
2758:
2757:
2694:Open Tree of Life
2507:Taxon identifiers
2400:978-90-481-5848-5
1775:Gondwana Research
1751:Gondwana Research
1677:"Resurrection of
1315:. WetWebMedia.com
1270:978-0-471-25031-9
1217:10.1643/ci-11-137
1177:Gondwana Research
981:nocturnal animals
792:sexual dimorphism
695:maxillary barbels
288:
287:
222:
112:
16:(Redirected from
2798:
2786:Catfish families
2751:
2750:
2738:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2715:
2714:
2702:
2701:
2689:
2688:
2676:
2675:
2673:NHMSYS0021168966
2663:
2662:
2650:
2649:
2637:
2636:
2624:
2623:
2611:
2610:
2598:
2597:
2585:
2584:
2572:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2502:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2452:
2446:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2420:(1–3): 195–200.
2404:
2371:
2365:
2355:
2349:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2319:(5): 1069–1082.
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2269:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2222:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2072:
2063:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2025:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1981:
1968:
1949:
1948:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:10.15560/9.5.987
1898:
1892:
1891:
1863:
1847:Reis, Roberto E.
1842:
1833:
1832:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1640:(2–3): 127–136.
1629:
1620:
1619:
1609:
1587:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1551:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1477:Reis, Roberto E.
1473:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1422:
1413:
1392:
1391:
1386:. Archived from
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1352:
1339:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1311:Fenner, Robert.
1308:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1274:
1256:
1229:
1228:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1135:
1006:Pterygoplichthys
968:, are known for
912:centric fissions
730:Pterygoplichthys
649:) are native to
500:Neoplecostominae
484:Hypoptopomatinae
442:Trichomycteridae
385:In their native
357:armoured catfish
276:Nannoplecostomus
265:Neoplecostominae
249:Hypoptopomatinae
236:
217:
145:
144:
122:
106:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2731:
2723:
2718:
2710:
2705:
2697:
2692:
2684:
2679:
2671:
2666:
2658:
2653:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2627:
2619:
2614:
2606:
2601:
2593:
2588:
2580:
2575:
2567:
2565:
2557:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2509:
2496:Plecostomus.org
2475:
2470:
2461:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2407:
2401:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2356:
2352:
2336:
2332:
2303:Nelson, J. A.;
2302:
2301:
2297:
2288:
2286:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2177:10.2307/1447792
2160:
2159:
2155:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2101:
2099:
2089:10.2307/1447796
2070:
2065:
2064:
2053:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2023:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1952:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1913:(5): 987–1019.
1900:
1899:
1895:
1861:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1813:10.2307/2413111
1798:
1797:
1790:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1560:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1487:Hemipsilichthys
1475:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1443:
1441:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1395:
1382:Linder, Shane.
1381:
1380:
1376:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1327:
1318:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1292:
1275:
1271:
1258:
1257:
1232:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1061:
1059:In the aquarium
1029:cryptophthalmus
935:
908:centric fusions
903:Hemipsilichthys
876:
821:
797:Loricariichthys
754:rostroventrally
663:
610:
571:. The putative
425:
409:
403:
353:
293:is the largest
272:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
216:
139:
113:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2804:
2802:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2763:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2739:
2729:
2716:
2703:
2690:
2677:
2664:
2651:
2638:
2625:
2612:
2599:
2586:
2573:
2563:
2550:
2535:
2519:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2485:Planet Catfish
2482:
2474:
2473:External links
2471:
2469:
2468:
2447:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2405:
2399:
2373:
2366:
2364:24(3-4): 73–78
2350:
2347:978-1402000768
2330:
2295:
2260:(2): 180–186.
2234:
2213:(3): 201–210.
2190:
2171:(3): 620–636.
2153:
2108:
2083:(3): 663–675.
2051:
2000:
1950:
1935:Froese, Rainer
1926:
1893:
1874:(2): 402–410.
1834:
1788:
1764:
1741:
1704:
1691:(2): 271–276.
1667:
1621:
1569:
1549:10.1.1.232.798
1514:
1501:(2): 277–299.
1468:
1450:
1393:
1390:on 2006-04-22.
1374:
1325:
1290:
1269:
1230:
1211:(4): 637–647.
1194:
1163:
1150:(3): 263–270.
1126:
1124:
1121:
1060:
1057:
934:
931:
917:diploid number
875:
872:
820:
817:
662:
659:
632:are native to
624:, but several
609:
606:
586:lepisosteiform
561:Late Oligocene
530:Corymbophanini
450:Callichthyidae
446:Nematogenyidae
424:
421:
405:Main article:
402:
399:
352:
349:
286:
285:
281:incertae sedis
229:
228:
224:
223:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
184:Actinopterygii
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
133:
132:
124:
123:
115:
114:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2803:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2438:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2296:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2069:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2041:on 2007-09-27
2037:
2033:
2029:
2028:Belg. J. Zool
2022:
2020:
2016:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1976:
1973:"Spawning in
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1679:Pareiorhaphis
1671:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1573:
1570:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1528:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1314:
1313:"Loricariids"
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1272:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1020:with reduced
1019:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
992:
991:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
966:
961:
957:
956:invertebrates
953:
945:
944:
939:
932:
930:
928:
924:
923:
918:
913:
909:
905:
904:
899:
895:
894:
889:
885:
881:
873:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
825:
818:
816:
814:
809:
805:
804:
799:
798:
793:
790:Considerable
788:
786:
785:
780:
777:, a U-shaped
776:
775:
770:
766:
762:
757:
755:
751:
746:
743:
739:
734:
732:
731:
726:
725:
720:
719:
714:
713:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:callichthyids
660:
658:
656:
652:
648:
646:
645:Hemiancistrus
641:
640:
635:
631:
627:
623:
622:South America
619:
615:
607:
605:
603:
599:
598:Loricarioidea
595:
591:
587:
584:
580:
579:
574:
570:
566:
565:Early Miocene
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:
503:
501:
497:
493:
492:Lithogeneinae
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:
466:
461:
459:
458:Astroblepidae
455:
454:Scoloplacidae
451:
447:
443:
439:
436:, along with
435:
434:Loricarioidea
430:
422:
420:
418:
414:
408:
400:
398:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
380:
374:
372:
371:
366:
362:
358:
350:
348:
346:
342:
341:
336:
333:are sold as "
332:
328:
324:
323:South America
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
284:
282:
278:
277:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:Lithogeneinae
254:
250:
246:
241:
240:
230:
225:
220:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:Loricarioidea
202:
200:Superfamily:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
143:
138:
134:
131:
130:
125:
121:
116:
110:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
2771:Loricariidae
2559:Loricariidae
2545:Loricariidae
2515:Loricariidae
2514:
2460:. Retrieved
2450:
2442:
2437:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2382:
2378:
2369:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2338:
2333:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2305:Wubah, D. A.
2298:
2287:. Retrieved
2257:
2253:
2210:
2206:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2131:
2127:
2100:. Retrieved
2080:
2074:
2043:. Retrieved
2036:the original
2031:
2027:
2018:
2014:
1992:. Retrieved
1990:(3): 217–229
1987:
1983:
1974:
1942:
1929:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1871:
1865:
1856:
1852:
1804:
1800:
1774:
1767:
1750:
1744:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1707:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1670:
1637:
1633:
1589:
1580:
1572:
1561:. Retrieved
1539:
1533:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1482:
1471:
1442:. Retrieved
1430:
1424:
1388:the original
1377:
1361:(1): 93–97.
1358:
1354:
1345:
1317:. Retrieved
1260:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1180:
1176:
1147:
1143:
1118:
1110:
1090:algae-eating
1083:
1074:common pleco
1067:
1050:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1022:pigmentation
1015:
1011:
1005:
1001:
995:
988:
978:
963:
949:
941:
920:
901:
897:
891:
888:Loricariinae
877:
868:Loricariinae
855:
849:Greek letter
840:
831:Unusual for
830:
801:
795:
789:
782:
779:diverticulum
772:
768:
758:
747:
735:
728:
722:
716:
710:
674:
664:
643:
637:
630:hypostomines
626:loricariines
620:habitats of
611:
589:
576:
556:
550:
521:sister group
512:
506:
504:
496:Loricariinae
488:Hypostominae
476:sister group
469:
462:
429:monophyletic
426:
410:
394:
390:
384:
377:
375:
368:
367:(now called
364:
354:
351:Common names
338:
327:suckermouths
313:habitats of
291:Loricariidae
290:
289:
280:
274:
261:Loricariinae
253:Hypostominae
237:
232:
227:Subfamilies
214:Loricariidae
213:
194:Siluriformes
127:
35:Loricariidae
29:
2629:iNaturalist
2539:Wikispecies
2019:triradiatus
1183:: 103–112.
1106:wood-eaters
1078:algae eater
1018:troglobites
985:territorial
884:chromosomes
864:Rhinelepini
765:hydrostatic
750:premaxillae
738:suckermouth
703:detrivorous
699:herbivorous
691:adipose fin
647:aspidolepis
583:obaichthyid
578:Afrocascudo
551:Loricariid
542:Rhinelepini
534:Hypostomini
438:Amphiliidae
361:plecostomus
269:Otothyrinae
239:Afrocascudo
18:Loricariids
2765:Categories
2462:2022-02-11
2289:2009-06-23
2102:2009-06-23
2045:2007-07-24
1994:2009-06-23
1907:Check List
1857:Pogonopoma
1563:2009-06-23
1444:2009-06-23
1319:2007-05-03
1123:References
1114:filtration
1094:vegetarian
1037:A. formoso
1002:Hypostomus
990:Otocinclus
922:Hypostomus
882:number of
860:camouflage
841:omega iris
839:called an
819:Omega iris
813:Ancistrini
784:Otocinclus
769:Hypostomus
745:pressure.
724:Acanthicus
707:Taste buds
651:Costa Rica
618:freshwater
590:Obaichthys
573:Cenomanian
546:Ancistrini
513:Lithogenes
508:Lithogenes
480:Delturinae
379:Farlowella
329:. Several
315:Costa Rica
311:freshwater
245:Delturinae
219:Rafinesque
109:Cenomanian
2207:Hereditas
2015:Ancistrus
1975:Ancistrus
1773:Conway".
1607:2246/2827
1544:CiteSeerX
1542:: 1–628.
1279:cite book
1102:carnivore
1041:Amazonian
1033:A. galani
1027:Ancistrus
970:xylophagy
898:Upsilodus
833:bony fish
808:odontodes
803:Ancistrus
594:holostean
559:from the
557:Taubateia
401:L-numbers
382:catfish.
160:Kingdom:
154:Eukaryota
107:Possible
2566:BioLib:
2524:Wikidata
2444:271–282.
2276:15562288
2254:Heredity
2229:11833282
2148:12364396
1944:FishBase
1888:85769730
1829:86178220
1654:16134327
1634:Genetica
1616:36180254
1483:Delturus
1433:: 1–40.
1225:84436639
1098:omnivore
1086:aquarium
1043:rivers,
960:detritus
874:Genetics
845:crescent
774:Lithoxus
742:maxillae
687:papillae
679:corselet
413:L-number
407:L-number
391:cascudos
345:aquarium
210:Family:
174:Chordata
170:Phylum:
164:Animalia
150:Domain:
2735:4780745
2530:Q663380
2309:Panaque
2284:6149247
2185:1447792
2097:1447796
1821:2413111
1662:8239240
1535:Zootaxa
1426:Zootaxa
998:hypoxia
965:Panaque
933:Ecology
880:diploid
718:Panaque
683:ventral
602:derived
575:member
553:fossils
465:catfish
307:species
299:catfish
190:Order:
180:Class:
2748:154623
2732:uBio:
2712:209057
2660:164340
2647:114127
2397:
2345:
2282:
2274:
2227:
2183:
2164:Copeia
2146:
2095:
2076:Copeia
1886:
1867:Copeia
1827:
1819:
1660:
1652:
1614:
1546:
1267:
1223:
1205:Copeia
958:, and
771:, and
727:, and
677:means
675:lorica
669:. (In
634:Panama
569:Brazil
540:, and
526:tribes
498:, and
456:, and
395:acarís
347:fish.
335:plecos
331:genera
319:Panama
303:genera
295:family
273:Genus
233:Genus
221:, 1815
111:record
2743:WoRMS
2720:Plazi
2699:87895
2686:31002
2642:IRMNG
2634:85876
2582:48102
2569:15770
2280:S2CID
2250:(PDF)
2181:JSTOR
2124:(PDF)
2093:JSTOR
2071:(PDF)
2039:(PDF)
2024:(PDF)
1980:(PDF)
1884:S2CID
1862:(PDF)
1825:S2CID
1817:JSTOR
1658:S2CID
1612:S2CID
1586:(PDF)
1530:(PDF)
1421:(PDF)
1351:(PDF)
1221:S2CID
952:algae
852:omega
671:Latin
614:Andes
517:basal
387:range
2681:NCBI
2655:ITIS
2621:5158
2616:GBIF
2608:5097
2577:BOLD
2395:ISBN
2343:ISBN
2272:PMID
2225:PMID
2169:1998
2144:PMID
2081:1998
2017:cf.
1872:2002
1650:PMID
1540:1418
1485:and
1431:1462
1285:link
1265:ISBN
1209:2012
1049:and
1035:and
974:wood
910:and
837:iris
642:and
628:and
46:PreꞒ
2668:NBN
2603:EoL
2595:C7H
2590:CoL
2554:ADW
2422:doi
2387:doi
2321:doi
2262:doi
2215:doi
2211:134
2173:doi
2136:doi
2132:205
2085:doi
2032:137
1915:doi
1876:doi
1809:doi
1779:doi
1755:doi
1730:doi
1693:doi
1642:doi
1638:124
1602:hdl
1594:doi
1554:doi
1503:doi
1499:147
1435:doi
1363:doi
1213:doi
1185:doi
1181:132
1152:doi
1104:or
763:or
701:or
567:in
393:or
297:of
2767::
2745::
2722::
2709::
2696::
2683::
2670::
2657::
2644::
2631::
2618::
2605::
2592::
2579::
2556::
2541::
2526::
2418:62
2416:.
2393:.
2317:54
2315:.
2278:.
2270:.
2258:94
2256:.
2252:.
2237:^
2223:.
2209:.
2205:.
2193:^
2179:.
2167:.
2142:.
2130:.
2126:.
2111:^
2091:.
2079:.
2073:.
2054:^
2030:.
2026:.
2003:^
1988:10
1986:.
1982:.
1953:^
1941:.
1909:.
1905:.
1882:.
1870:.
1864:.
1837:^
1823:.
1815:.
1805:35
1803:.
1791:^
1777:.
1753:.
1724:.
1720:.
1687:.
1683:.
1656:.
1648:.
1636:.
1624:^
1610:.
1600:.
1588:.
1552:.
1538:.
1532:.
1517:^
1497:.
1491:.
1453:^
1429:.
1423:.
1396:^
1357:.
1353:.
1328:^
1293:^
1281:}}
1277:{{
1233:^
1219:.
1207:.
1179:.
1166:^
1146:.
1142:.
1130:^
1100:,
1096:,
1055:.
1031:,
976:.
954:,
929:.
890:,
870:.
733:.
721:,
673:,
536:,
532:,
511:.
502:.
494:,
490:,
486:,
482:,
452:,
448:,
444:,
440:,
397:.
317:,
283:)
96:Pg
2465:.
2428:.
2424::
2403:.
2389::
2327:.
2323::
2292:.
2264::
2231:.
2217::
2187:.
2175::
2150:.
2138::
2105:.
2087::
2048:.
1997:.
1923:.
1917::
1911:9
1890:.
1878::
1859:"
1851:"
1831:.
1811::
1785:.
1781::
1761:.
1757::
1738:.
1732::
1726:3
1714:"
1701:.
1695::
1689:3
1664:.
1644::
1618:.
1604::
1596::
1566:.
1556::
1511:.
1505::
1489:"
1465:.
1447:.
1437::
1371:.
1365::
1359:4
1322:.
1287:)
1273:.
1227:.
1215::
1191:.
1187::
1160:.
1154::
1148:5
1080:.
900:(
856:Ω
854:(
563:-
279:(
242:?
235:†
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
