1139:
1471:
217:
202:
192:
1965:
4035:
1124:
4124:
4305:
408:
383:
1783:
51:
2774:
1975:
1665:
1483:
1294:. Because of wars, it came under control of Germany several times as the border between the nations shifted. While Lorrainian separatists do exist in the 21st century, their political power and influence is negligible. Lorraine separatism today consists more of preserving its cultural identity rather than seeking genuine political independence.
1793:
1156:
Lorraine's borders have changed often in its long history. The location of
Lorraine led to it being a paramount strategic asset as the crossroads of four nations. This, along with its political alliances, marriage alliances, and the ability of rulers over the centuries to choose sides between East
1945:
which is close to dialects of its neighboring
Lorraine), Lorrain and Lorraine Franconian have largely been replaced in use by French. For more than a century, nationalistic policies of the central government required public schooling to be conducted only in French. Now, however, there are efforts
1388:
of German etymology in
Lorraine were adapted to the High German standard (i.e. Germanised) a number of genuine Francophone toponyms remained untouched. During the Nazi occupation between 1940 and 1944, however, its government imposed German translations to replace French names. For instance,
1383:
After 1877, higher education, including state-run colleges, universities and teacher seminaries, was conducted exclusively in German. The predominance of German and the partial usage of French, though restricted, were both guaranteed by the 1911 constitution of Alsace-Lorraine. While many
2259:
At âŹ44 billion (in 2000), Lorraine generates 3.4% of France's GDP. Despite ranking 11th in population, it ranks 8th in GDP out of the 22 regions of France, making it per capita among the top economic producing regions in the country, along with Alsace and Ăle-de-France (Paris). The
1236:, the rulers identified as a duchy from 870 onward, enabling the duchy to ally and align itself nominally with either eastern or western Carolingian kingdoms in order to survive and maintain its independence. Thus, it was a duchy in name but operated as an independent kingdom.
3147:
3278:
was entitled to allow French as language of instruction in elementary and secondary schools in areas that were predominately
Francophone, cf. §4 of the "Gesetz, betreffend das Unterrichtswesen" (Law concerning the educational system) of 12 February 1873,
2518:
1950:, whose linguistic vitality is still relatively high. Recent efforts include the use of bilingual signs in Franconian areas, and Franconian-language classes for young children whose parents can no longer speak their ancestral language.
1262:
The succession within these houses, in tandem with other historical events, would have later restored
Lorraine's status as its own duchy, but a vacuum in leadership occurred. Its duke Francois Stephen de Lorraine took the throne of the
1541:
Some historians consider the traditional province of
Lorraine as limited to the duchy of Lorraine proper, while others consider that it includes Barrois and the Three Bishoprics. The duchy of Lorraine was originally the duchy of
3246:
1157:
and West, gave it a tremendously powerful and important role in transforming all of
European history. Its rulers intermarried with royal families over all of Europe, played kingmaker, and seated rulers on the thrones of the
2276:) have undergone a decline due to restructuring and the move of some jobs offshore. Consequently, the region has struggled with rising unemployment, although its rate is still below the national average. In 1997 the last
1056:
From 1982 until
January 2016, Lorraine was an administrative region of France. In 2016, under a reorganisation, it became part of the new region Grand Est. As a region in modern France, Lorraine consisted of the four
634:
1297:
With enlightened leadership and at a crossroads between French and German cultures, Lotharingia experienced tremendous economic, artistic, and cultural prosperity during the 12th and 13th centuries under the
1290:, and the political results and changes issuing from the many nationalistic wars that followed in the next 130 years, ultimately resulted in Lorraine becoming a permanent part of the modern Republic of
3497:
3184:
4599:
3866:
3335:
Such as replacing French pronunciation spellings of the local dialects to standard High German orthography, e.g. âŠbourg to âŠburg, âŠhouse to âŠhausen, âŠtroff to âŠdorf, âŠange to âŠingen etc.
1372:
and culture in favor of High German, which became the administrative language (GeschÀftssprache.) It required the use of German in schools in areas which it considered or designated as
614:
2031:
in
Lorraine can be traced back to 1665. It was imported to Europe from South America. It is used in what developed as various traditional dishes of the region, such as the
1376:, an often arbitrary categorisation. French was allowed to remain in use only in primary and secondary schools in municipalities definitely considered Francophone, such as
3871:
656:
2185:
heritage. Almost every village has a church, often centuries old, although many do not have a dedicated priest anymore. Church bells are traditionally rung to announce
1557:, was detached from the rest of Barrois in the early 14th century and taken over by French sovereignty. The largest part of Barrois (east of the Meuse River) was the
1842:
are spoken here. Like many border regions, Lorraine was a patchwork of ethnicities and dialects not mutually intelligible with either standard French or German (see
1428:
in northeastern France, and suffering from refugee crises for the rest of the war. The population effectively revolted against German rule by participating in the
4245:
873:
1337:
system which had formed the multilingual borders, and an insurrection against the French occupation influenced much of the area's early identity. In 1871, the
1280:
2008:, chief of the naval and air forces of the Free French for two days, created the bow flag displaying the French colours with a red Cross of Lorraine, and a
1302:
emperors. Along with the rest of Europe, this prosperity was terminated in
Lorraine in the 14th century by a series of harsh winters, bad harvests, and the
3623:
3248:
Loi n° 2015-29 du 16 janvier 2015 relative à la délimitation des régions, aux élections régionales et départementales et modifiant le calendrier électoral
1005:
3310:
2042:
Smoked bacon is also a traditional ingredient of the cuisine of Lorraine. It is used in various traditional dishes of the region, including the famous
4290:
4112:
1895:, to the south, although the two are often confused. Neither of them has official status where they are spoken, but Alsatian is far more widely used.
947:
919:
2244:. Until the 1970s, the usoir was used to store farming tools, firewood, or manure. Today this area is generally used as a garden or for car parking.
4285:
4235:
914:
863:
1447:, including the portion of Lorraine territory that had been part of its state of Alsace-Lorraine. With the exception of its de facto annexation by
4555:
3455:
598:
367:
1887:, the Romance language). Now mainly rural and isolated, these dialects gradually differ in the region, though they are mutually intelligible.
1577:
under the same duke, although formally they were officially separate until being annexed and incorporated into the Kingdom of France in 1766.
3356:
3292:
The 'Law concerning the official transaction language' provided for exceptions from the German language in areas with Francophone majorities.
2883:
3946:
3909:
1272:
3473:
2168:
brewery, founded on June 20, 1897, is the last remaining large-scale brewery. In 2016, it was the second largest brewer in France, after
4336:
518:
1429:
672:
3701:
134:
3737:
3711:
3691:
3660:
603:
1584:, four departments were created from the main parts of the territories of Barrois, Three Bishoprics and the Duchy of Lorraine:
4250:
3616:
878:
593:
3856:
1843:
998:
977:
574:
72:
4165:
3261:
cf. "Gesetz, betreffend die amtliche GeschÀftssprache" (Law concerning the official transaction language) of 31 March 1872,
2211:
is celebrated in Lorraine, where he is called "Saint Nicolas". Each year, more than 150,000 people gather in the streets of
2039:
in the north of the Meuse, is considered to be excellent because of the perfect conditions of the area for its cultivation.
1994:
1786:
788:
1255:
within the Holy Roman Empire. It maintained this status until 1766, after which it was annexed under succession law by the
4105:
3861:
3024:
2820:
1570:
1268:
4255:
4200:
4090:
3918:
2712:
2016:
1807:
Most of Lorraine has a clear French identity, with the exception of the northeastern part of the region, today known as
883:
824:
1719:
in the northâsouth direction. The eastern part is sharper with the Vosges. Many rivers run through Lorraine, including
115:
3941:
3576:
1425:
743:
738:
39:
4280:
1318:
909:
87:
4205:
3655:
3609:
3009:
1244:
829:
289:
61:
3876:
3596:
3553:
2182:
991:
68:
31:
3225:
2401:
216:
201:
94:
4415:
4304:
4210:
4098:
3902:
3177:
1801:
1409:
834:
4321:
3563:
1138:
503:
2096:
4170:
4160:
3650:
2640:
2391:
2115:
1393:
793:
783:
35:
4240:
4175:
4034:
3190:
2974:
2919:
2227:
Except for dispersed settlement in the Vosges mountains, traditional farms display linked houses, forming
1413:
868:
798:
101:
3323:
4528:
4015:
3508:
2784:
1869:
dialects independently surviving in northern and western Lorraine. They are referred to collectively as
1358:
1085:
1058:
581:
473:
258:
246:
191:
4400:
2832:
2700:
2264:
and service sectors have experienced the strongest growth in recent years. The traditional industries (
1640:
When France created its administrative regions in the middle of the 20th century, it decided to gather
1553:
The case of Barrois is the most complicated: the western part of Barrois (west of the Meuse), known as
4326:
2069:
Potée lorraine (a stew of smoked meats and sausages, with cabbage, potatoes and other root vegetables)
2050:
of Lorraine is the emblematic fruit of Lorraine. It is used in pies and other desserts, as well as in
508:
4516:
4425:
4420:
4220:
3987:
3757:
3536:
3409:
2718:
2598:
2568:
2381:
2248:
2194:
2084:
1985:
During World War II, the cross was adopted as the official symbol of the Free French Forces (French:
1866:
1808:
1689:
1605:
1597:
1436:
1417:
1346:
1311:
1276:
1069:
841:
701:
689:
662:
640:
620:
536:
461:
283:
83:
3372:
1565:. In the 15th century, it was united with the Duchy of Lorraine by the marriage of the Duke of Bar,
1354:
4344:
4265:
4020:
3895:
3665:
3161:
2796:
2777:
2688:
2169:
1947:
1918:
1888:
1862:
1854:
1823:
1746:
1613:
1495:
1470:
1326:
1073:
972:
942:
890:
548:
531:
177:
3777:
1494:, which gradually came under French sovereignty between 1737 and 1766. The modern region includes
4478:
4185:
4145:
3782:
3696:
2826:
2652:
2550:
2491:
2476:
2233:
2051:
1907:
1903:
1630:
1589:
1177:
1065:
1061:
967:
805:
764:
277:
271:
2749:
1898:
Technically, Lorraine Franconian is a catch-all term for what were historically three dialects:
4594:
4522:
4497:
4405:
4331:
4010:
3747:
3632:
3437:
3352:
3306:
2944:
2907:
2871:
2852:
2802:
2634:
2628:
2580:
2562:
2544:
2521:
2005:
1998:
1990:
1968:
1959:
1942:
1892:
1858:
1835:
1815:
1697:
1581:
1562:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1491:
1460:
1401:
1377:
1342:
1287:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1217:
1158:
1050:
1046:
1026:
846:
568:
513:
468:
446:
391:
234:
1279:. For political reasons, he decided to hide those heirs who were not born by his first wife,
4510:
4466:
4352:
4348:
3812:
3792:
3752:
3706:
3686:
3427:
3417:
3153:
3106:
3100:
3080:
3045:
3014:
3004:
2999:
2968:
2646:
2574:
2231:. They are built quite far from the road. The area between the house and the road is called
2151:
2147:
2103:
2092:
1938:
1934:
1883:
1850:
1693:
1566:
1507:
1197:
1181:
526:
456:
164:
1708:, which, while still part of Lorraine's identity, is now a separate administrative region.
4385:
3681:
3580:
3567:
3557:
3169:
3140:
3074:
2901:
2895:
2877:
2737:
2706:
2592:
2061:
2043:
1926:
1922:
1839:
1767:
1742:
1724:
1440:
1373:
1369:
1330:
1322:
1173:
1162:
1150:
2963:
2610:
2604:
3432:
3413:
3397:
3346:
2586:
2538:
1573:, daughter of the Duke of Lorraine. Thus the duchies of Bar and Lorraine were united in
1498:
and areas that were historically separate from the duchy of Lorraine proper. These are:
4484:
4448:
3802:
3797:
3772:
3535:
Bontemps, Daniel and Martine Bontemps-Litique, with Nelly Benoit, Virginie Legrand and
3198:
2986:
2980:
2938:
2913:
2814:
2724:
2694:
2665:
2534:
2528:
2280:
mine in Lorraine was closed; it had once produced more than 50 million tonnes of iron.
2228:
2165:
2127:
2066:
Pùté lorrain (chopped pork and veal flavoured with white wine and baked in puff pastry)
2047:
1758:
1735:
1574:
1185:
1146:
1127:
935:
436:
108:
4588:
4430:
4410:
4395:
4150:
3820:
2925:
2889:
2808:
2761:
2622:
2556:
2433:
2423:
2396:
2386:
2212:
2131:
1899:
1831:
1827:
1819:
1350:
1338:
1201:
1142:
1089:
778:
709:
610:
2616:
2205:, the children go from house to house and receive small presents for their service.
1123:
4504:
4452:
3601:
2950:
2036:
1964:
1930:
1558:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1321:
Lorraine in 1766. The region's location has caused the population to be mixed. The
1299:
1240:
1233:
1229:
900:
854:
815:
774:
451:
427:
3398:"The rise of macropredatory pliosaurids near the Early-Middle Jurassic transition"
2371:
2755:
2675:
2671:
4490:
3275:
3019:
2858:
2846:
2790:
2216:
2208:
1782:
1712:
1701:
1464:
1444:
1421:
1397:
1380:
and the surrounding arrondissements, as well and in their local administration.
1307:
1303:
1221:
1169:
1077:
1034:
628:
441:
50:
3887:
3586:
3422:
1672:
Lorraine is the only French region to have borders with three other countries:
407:
382:
4190:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4002:
3840:
3830:
3825:
3351:. Internet Archive (1 ed.). Harrow, England: Pearson Longman. p. 8.
2773:
2743:
2406:
2273:
2088:
1974:
1763:
1681:
1629:
became German. Of the remaining parts, France formed the new department named
1362:
1225:
1104:
1042:
819:
4570:
4557:
1861:
that is spoken in southeastern Lorraine. The second is the German dialect of
4540:
4472:
3732:
3676:
2517:
2486:
2261:
2190:
2072:
1911:
1774:) deposits, was discovered in Lorraine and named after this region in 2023.
1664:
1416:
of Bavaria counterattacked and forced the French forces into retreat at the
1334:
1189:
1038:
1030:
650:
483:
239:
4270:
3573:
3441:
3373:"Alsace-Lorraine | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)"
2361:
904:
1482:
17:
4462:
4390:
3992:
3951:
3762:
3742:
3326:(Law on the Constitution of Alsace-Lorraine), retrieved on 24 April 2013.
2471:
2466:
2445:
2277:
2265:
2111:
1771:
1685:
1677:
1405:
1385:
1209:
1205:
585:
357:
1216:. On the death of Lothair I, Middle Francia was divided in three by the
4380:
3979:
3933:
3835:
3787:
3671:
2501:
2366:
2189:
time (and often toll the hours). By tradition, they do not toll during
2186:
2107:
2009:
1818:
annexed about a third of today's Lorraine to the new federation of the
1720:
1673:
1502:
1100:
1096:
326:
1826:. This disputed third has a culture not easily classifiable as either
1490:
The administrative region of Lorraine is larger than the 18th century
1459:, that area has since remained a part of France. During that war, the
1333:. A strong centralised nationalism had only just begun to replace the
3961:
3727:
3636:
2496:
2269:
2202:
2155:
2028:
1979:
1797:
1716:
1705:
1515:
1486:
Lorraine in 1870: Colours show the original departments' territories.
1291:
1193:
1022:
686:
227:
2238:
1910:. Each is identical to the same dialects spoken in the neighboring
635:
Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine
4456:
2772:
2516:
2481:
2455:
2450:
2219:. A total of that number gather in other areas across the region.
2150:. There are vineyards in the valley of the Moselle, the valley of
2076:
1849:
Traditionally, two languages are native to Lorraine. The first is
1792:
1791:
1781:
1732:
1728:
1663:
1633:. After 1918 and the Great War, France took over control again of
1481:
1469:
1137:
1122:
431:
2164:: Historically, Lorraine was the location of many breweries. The
1432:, and welcomed French troops into the region several days later.
1080:
department is located in the region), containing 2,337 communes.
4225:
3396:
Sachs, S.; Madzia, D.; Thuy, B.; Kear, B.P. (October 16, 2023).
2461:
2376:
1800:, inscribed on the World Heritage list by UNESCO as part of the
1519:
1511:
1213:
1131:
1081:
858:
695:
251:
4094:
3891:
3605:
3456:"Stollen et brioche de Noël : Mamie fait de la résistance"
2829:(1928â) (French politician, President of the Senate 1998â2008)
2428:
2296:
1092:, which had developed for centuries as the seat of the duchy.
731:
44:
3587:
A short guide to the Lorraine region and its main attractions
3112:
2193:
preceding Easter. Instead, the children of the villages play
2035:. The Breux potato, which takes its name from the village of
1310:, a flourishing prosperity returned to Lotharingia until the
3530:
Alsace and Lorraine: From CĂŠsar to Kaiser, 58 B.C.-1871 A.D.
2019:
by a gigantic 44.3-meter (145 feet) high Cross of Lorraine.
1368:
The Imperial German administration strongly discouraged the
3591:
3124:
3060:
3051:
1811:, which historically has had a German-speaking population.
1546:
Lorraine, and did not include the entire area since called
1529:
Several small principalities, which were still part of the
1037:(855â959 AD), which in turn was named after either Emperor
3086:
2134:
is also popular in Lorraine during the Christmas season.
2004:
In his General Order No. 2 of 3 July 1940, Vice-Admiral
1715:, with a plateau relief cut by river valleys presenting
3574:
Lorraine : Between war and art: memories Lorraine
1526:
in the 16th century and came under French sovereignty.
3515:, United States Geological Survey, Dept. of Interior]
3063:
3121:
3109:
3083:
3057:
3048:
1021:
is a cultural and historical region in Northeastern
4439:
4373:
4312:
4264:
4219:
4184:
4144:
4137:
4042:
4001:
3978:
3960:
3932:
3925:
3849:
3811:
3720:
3643:
3127:
3115:
3089:
3054:
615:
Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine
366:
356:
348:
340:
335:
325:
317:
312:
304:
299:
257:
245:
233:
223:
152:
75:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2247:Furniture developed a specific identity after the
1700:, which were at times part of historical Lorraine
1389:ChĂąteau-Salins was called Salzburg in Lothringen.
1243:while remaining an autonomous duchy. In 962, when
2015:De Gaulle is memorialised at his home village of
30:"Lothringen" redirects here. For other uses, see
4600:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union
2146:: The most well-known wine of the region is the
1259:, via derivative aristocratic house alliances.
1088:. The largest metropolitan area of Lorraine is
3324:"Gesetz ĂŒber die Verfassung ElsaĂ-Lothringens"
1228:. Due to Lotharingia being sandwiched between
1033:. Its name stems from the medieval kingdom of
4106:
3903:
3617:
1443:suffered severe territorial losses following
1345:, corresponding to the current department of
1251:), Lorraine was designated as the autonomous
999:
8:
3265:(Legal gazette for Alsace-Lorraine), p. 159.
1478:Development of the borders in modern history
4246:Arrondissement of Sarrebourg-ChĂąteau-Salins
2845:Bruno d'Eguisheim-Dagsbourg, also known as
1180:was divided among Louis' three sons by the
874:Arrondissement of Sarrebourg-ChĂąteau-Salins
4141:
4113:
4099:
4091:
3929:
3910:
3896:
3888:
3624:
3610:
3602:
2057:Traditional dishes in the region include:
1006:
992:
377:
149:
4313:
3554:Official homepage of the Regional Council
3431:
3421:
2083:Traditional cheeses of Lorraine include:
1692:). It also borders the French regions of
1656:into a single region, known as Lorraine.
1349:). The department formed part of the new
496:
135:Learn how and when to remove this message
4236:Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle
2282:
2154:, the valley of Metz, and the valley of
1973:
1963:
1283:, who was deceased when he took office.
864:Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle
27:Cultural and historical region in France
3217:
3036:
1220:in 855, with the northern third called
412:Flag of Lorraine since the 13th century
398:
365:
355:
334:
324:
311:
298:
269:
244:
222:
213:
185:
3583:- Official French website (in English)
2012:also featuring the Cross of Lorraine.
1404:invaded Lorraine and briefly occupied
1115:in French and number about 2,356,000.
657:Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine
308:23,547 km (9,092 sq mi)
3498:"Marche de Noel FĂȘtes: Saint Nicolas"
3176:
3139:
1711:Most of the region forms part of the
1365:developed to recover this territory.
1355:Imperial Territory of AlsaceâLorraine
1076:(from a historical point of view the
347:
339:
316:
303:
256:
232:
7:
1822:following a decisive victory in the
1510:: non-contiguous territories around
1273:Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine
73:adding citations to reliable sources
4060:Interregional Parliamentary Council
3592:MyLorraine.fr - Share your Lorraine
2799:(1860â1934) (pictured to the right)
1881:in French (not to be confused with
1184:of 843. The middle realm, known as
3543:, Archives et Culture, Paris, 1999
2102:Desserts from the region include:
2001:as the symbol of the Free French.
1418:Battles of Sarrebourg and Morhange
1045:. Lorraine later was ruled as the
673:United Protestant Church of France
25:
4359:
3570: (archived December 30, 2015)
3560: (archived November 27, 2015)
3474:"Champigneulles brasse trĂšs fort"
3377:encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net
1281:Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria
543:
469:German Empire Lorraine department
4303:
4122:
4033:
3281:Gesetzblatt fĂŒr ElsaĂ-Lothringen
3263:Gesetzblatt fĂŒr ElsaĂ-Lothringen
3105:
3079:
3044:
406:
381:
215:
200:
190:
49:
4251:Arrondissement of Sarreguemines
3541:Les noms de famille en Lorraine
2884:Jean-François Pilùtre de Rozier
1522:, which were detached from the
879:Arrondissement of Sarreguemines
474:Third Reich Lorraine department
60:needs additional citations for
4070:European cultural capital 2007
3305:, Munich: Beck, 2008, p. 484.
1997:suggested the adoption of the
1891:is distinct from neighbouring
1844:linguistic boundary of Moselle
1430:German Revolution of 1918â1919
1286:The vacuum in leadership, the
1212:, Northern Italy, and down to
978:Politics of the European Union
1:
4364:
4286:Arrondissement of NeufchĂąteau
3226:"EU regions by GDP, Eurostat"
3025:Saar-Warndt coal mining basin
2713:Joseph LĂ©opold Sigisbert Hugo
1341:regained a part of Lorraine (
1239:In 870, Lorraine allied with
1107:. Its inhabitants are called
943:European Parliament elections
915:Arrondissement of NeufchĂąteau
561:
4440:
4256:Arrondissement of Thionville
4201:Arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc
3919:Greater Region of SaarLorLux
884:Arrondissement of Thionville
825:Arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc
420:
4291:Arrondissement of Saint-Dié
4166:Arrondissement of Lunéville
4075:House of the Greater Region
3303:Bismarck: Der Reichskanzler
1995:Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu
1919:France's regional languages
1323:north largely speaks German
920:Arrondissement of Saint-Dié
789:Arrondissement of Lunéville
744:Concordat in Alsace-Moselle
739:Local law in Alsace-Moselle
40:Lothringen (disambiguation)
4616:
4206:Arrondissement of Commercy
3712:Provence-Alpes-CĂŽte d'Azur
3668:(Centre Region until 2015)
3423:10.1038/s41598-023-43015-y
3010:List of rulers of Lorraine
2343:Unemployment in June 2002
2201:(It's the Angelus). After
1957:
1731:. Most of them are on the
1420:. Lorraine remained under
1245:Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
1128:Cathedral of Saint Stephen
830:Arrondissement of Commercy
147:Place in Grand Est, France
29:
4301:
4031:
3947:German-speaking Community
3862:Ranked by area/population
2017:Colombey-les-Deux-Ăglises
1621:After 1870 some parts of
214:
186:
32:Lorraine (disambiguation)
4281:Arrondissement of Ăpinal
4211:Arrondissement of Verdun
1987:Forces Françaises Libres
1802:Fortifications of Vauban
910:Arrondissement of Ăpinal
835:Arrondissement of Verdun
759:Administrative divisions
4171:Arrondissement of Nancy
4161:Arrondissement of Briey
3656:Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
3345:Robson, Stuart (2007).
2251:: the "Lorrain style".
2118:, various pie recipes (
1394:Battle of the Frontiers
1275:became governor of the
1247:, restored the Empire (
1163:Austro-Hungarian Empire
794:Arrondissement of Nancy
784:Arrondissement of Briey
349: âą Per capita
36:Lauren (disambiguation)
4241:Arrondissement of Metz
4176:Arrondissement of Toul
3633:Administrative regions
3460:Le RĂ©publicain lorrain
3202:
3194:
3173:
2975:Brother Athanese-Emile
2920:Louis Camille Maillard
2780:
2583:(1858â1917) (pictured)
2524:
1982:
1971:
1804:
1789:
1669:
1487:
1474:
1414:Crown Prince Rupprecht
1153:
1135:
869:Arrondissement of Metz
799:Arrondissement of Toul
344:âŹ65.828 billion (2022)
4529:CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen
4459:) (22 BCâ5th-century)
3478:www.estrepublicain.fr
2785:Pierre-Louis Roederer
2776:
2520:
1977:
1967:
1946:being made to revive
1795:
1787:Opéra-Théùtre de Metz
1785:
1667:
1485:
1473:
1359:French Third Republic
1141:
1134:, capital of Lorraine
1126:
1027:administrative region
1025:, now located in the
331:Lorrainer, Lorrainian
235:Administrative region
4517:Lorraine and Barrois
4426:Rallye Alsace-Vosges
4080:Private cooperations
3988:Rhineland-Palatinate
3758:Languedoc-Roussillon
3651:Auvergne-RhĂŽne-Alpes
3644:Current (since 2016)
3597:Business in Lorraine
3537:Jean-Pierre Thiollet
3178:[ËloËtÊÉȘĆÉn]
2890:Jean-Victor Poncelet
2732:Musicians and actors
2719:Louis-Hubert Lyautey
2660:Economy and industry
2641:Bernard-Marie KoltĂšs
2599:Lucien Weissenburger
2569:Jules Bastien-Lepage
2392:Saint-Dié-des-Vosges
2116:plombiĂšres ice-cream
1778:Language and culture
1690:Rhineland-Palatinate
1437:Treaty of Versailles
1396:at the beginning of
1277:Austrian Netherlands
1053:annexed it in 1766.
599:Diocese of Saint-Dié
462:Lorraine and Barrois
69:improve this article
4567: /
4055:Regional Commission
3666:Centre-Val de Loire
3564:Regional Prefecture
3414:2023NatSR..1317558S
3348:The First World War
3162:Lorraine Franconian
2689:Godfrey de Bouillon
2402:VandĆuvre-lĂšs-Nancy
2097:Tourrée de l'Aubier
2052:alcoholic beverages
1948:Lorraine Franconian
1889:Lorraine Franconian
1865:, a group of three
1863:Lorraine Franconian
1824:Franco-Prussian War
1533:at the time of the
1363:revanchist movement
1327:Lorraine Franconian
1249:restauratio imperii
973:Politics of Germany
582:Immediately subject
532:Lorraine Franconian
178:Lorraine Franconian
4479:Carolingian Empire
4146:Meurthe-et-Moselle
4065:University Charter
4050:Summit Conferences
3783:Nord-Pas-de-Calais
3721:Former (1982â2015)
3697:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
3579:2018-02-03 at the
3402:Scientific Reports
2833:Aurélie Filippetti
2827:Christian Poncelet
2781:
2701:Jean Baptiste Eblé
2653:Georges de La Tour
2551:Alexandre Chatrian
2525:
2513:Art and literature
2477:Lily of the Valley
1983:
1972:
1805:
1796:Fortifications in
1790:
1670:
1642:Meurthe et Moselle
1631:Meurthe-et-Moselle
1488:
1475:
1271:, and his brother
1204:, Eastern France,
1178:Carolingian Empire
1154:
1136:
1062:Meurthe-et-Moselle
968:Politics of France
765:Meurthe-et-Moselle
341: âą Total
318: âą Total
305: âą Total
272:Meurthe-et-Moselle
4550:
4549:
4523:Bezirk Lothringen
4498:Duchy of Lorraine
4469:(5th-centuryâ511)
4406:SLUC Nancy Basket
4299:
4298:
4088:
4087:
4029:
4028:
3885:
3884:
3877:Regional councils
3748:Champagne-Ardenne
3358:978-1-4058-2471-2
3311:978 3 406 54823 9
2945:Patrick Battiston
2872:Benoit de Maillet
2750:Charlélie Couture
2635:Jean-Marie Straub
2563:Ămile Jules GallĂ©
2382:Montigny-lĂšs-Metz
2356:Major communities
2353:
2352:
2249:Thirty Years' War
1999:Cross of Lorraine
1991:Charles de Gaulle
1969:Cross of Lorraine
1960:Cross of Lorraine
1954:Cross of Lorraine
1873:in Franconian or
1698:Champagne-Ardenne
1582:French Revolution
1563:Holy Roman Empire
1535:French Revolution
1531:Holy Roman Empire
1524:Holy Roman Empire
1492:duchy of Lorraine
1461:Cross of Lorraine
1410:German Sixth Army
1402:French First Army
1343:Bezirk Lothringen
1312:Thirty Years' War
1288:French Revolution
1265:Holy Roman Empire
1257:Kingdom of France
1253:Duchy of Lorraine
1159:Holy Roman Empire
1095:Lorraine borders
1051:Kingdom of France
1047:Duchy of Lorraine
1016:
1015:
718:
706:
681:
667:
645:
625:
604:Diocese of Verdun
590:
569:Roman Catholicism
447:Duchy of Lorraine
376:
375:
145:
144:
137:
119:
16:(Redirected from
4607:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4571:49.000°N 6.000°E
4568:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4511:Three Bishoprics
4507:(circa 950-1766)
4467:Ripuarian Franks
4356:
4307:
4274:
4229:
4194:
4154:
4142:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4092:
4037:
3942:French Community
3930:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3889:
3850:Related articles
3813:Overseas regions
3793:Poitou-Charentes
3707:Pays de la Loire
3626:
3619:
3612:
3603:
3516:
3509:Iron Ore in 1997
3506:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3435:
3425:
3408:(17558): 17558.
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3327:
3322:Cf. § 26 of the
3320:
3314:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3284:
3272:
3266:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3222:
3205:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3104:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3078:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3041:
3015:Lorraine (duchy)
3000:Belgian Lorraine
2969:Raymond Schwartz
2964:Antoine de Ville
2797:Raymond Poincaré
2778:Raymond Poincaré
2674:(1864â1930) and
2647:Philippe Claudel
2611:Paul Charbonnier
2305:âŹ1.816 trillion
2283:
2242:
2199:C'est l'Angélus!
1989:, or FFL) under
1908:Rhine Franconian
1904:Mosel Franconian
1859:Romance language
1741:Lorraine has an
1508:Three Bishoprics
1463:was a symbol of
1198:Northern Germany
1192:, reaching from
1182:Treaty of Verdun
1084:is the regional
1008:
1001:
994:
934:Lorraine in the
715:rest of Lorraine
712:
698:
678:rest of Lorraine
675:
659:
637:
617:
594:Diocese of Nancy
578:
457:Three Bishoprics
410:
385:
378:
219:
204:
194:
181:
174:
168:
161:
150:
140:
133:
129:
126:
120:
118:
77:
53:
45:
21:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4585:
4584:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4546:
4435:
4401:US Raon-l'Ătape
4386:FC Metz (women)
4369:
4342:
4308:
4295:
4268:
4260:
4223:
4215:
4188:
4180:
4148:
4133:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4089:
4084:
4038:
4025:
3997:
3974:
3956:
3921:
3916:
3886:
3881:
3845:
3807:
3716:
3682:Hauts-de-France
3639:
3630:
3581:Wayback Machine
3568:Wayback Machine
3558:Wayback Machine
3550:
3532:New York: 1915.
3525:
3523:Further reading
3520:
3519:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3492:
3483:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3381:
3379:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3321:
3317:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3273:
3269:
3260:
3256:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:[lÉÊÉn]
3136:
3120:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3082:
3073:
3072:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3033:
2996:
2960:
2935:
2902:Edmond Laguerre
2896:Charles Hermite
2878:Charles Messier
2868:
2842:
2771:
2738:Florent Schmitt
2734:
2707:Nicolas Oudinot
2685:
2666:Albert Bergeret
2662:
2593:Louis Majorelle
2515:
2510:
2442:
2420:
2415:
2413:Fauna and flora
2358:
2257:
2236:
2229:linear villages
2225:
2181:Lorraine has a
2179:
2140:
2126:plum, rhubarb,
2062:Quiche Lorraine
2044:quiche Lorraine
2027:The use of the
2025:
1980:quiche Lorraine
1962:
1956:
1879:platt (lorrain)
1840:German dialects
1780:
1768:Middle Jurassic
1755:
1743:oceanic climate
1684:, and Germany (
1662:
1555:Barrois mouvant
1480:
1451:as part of the
1441:Weimar Republic
1424:, close to the
1408:. However, the
1374:German-speaking
1370:French language
1331:German dialects
1174:Louis the Pious
1151:Place Stanislas
1121:
1012:
983:
982:
963:
955:
954:
938:
927:
926:
760:
752:
751:
734:
724:
723:
577:
575:Diocese of Metz
564:
554:
553:
499:
489:
488:
479:Lorraine region
423:
413:
295:
268:
267:
210:
209:
208:
207:
198:
197:
182:
175:
170:
169:
162:
157:
155:
148:
141:
130:
124:
121:
78:
76:
66:
54:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4613:
4611:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4587:
4586:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4526:
4520:
4514:
4508:
4502:
4494:
4488:
4485:Middle Francia
4482:
4476:
4470:
4460:
4449:Gallia Belgica
4445:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4421:Gamyo d'Ăpinal
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4318:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4232:
4230:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4095:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4007:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3952:Walloon Region
3949:
3944:
3938:
3936:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3892:
3883:
3882:
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3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3853:
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3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3803:Upper Normandy
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3773:Lower Normandy
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3724:
3722:
3718:
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3606:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3571:
3561:
3549:
3548:External links
3546:
3545:
3544:
3533:
3528:Putnam, Ruth.
3524:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3501:
3490:
3465:
3447:
3388:
3364:
3357:
3337:
3328:
3315:
3301:Otto Pflanze,
3294:
3285:
3267:
3254:
3238:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2987:Pierre Gaxotte
2984:
2981:Nicolas Chopin
2978:
2972:
2966:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2939:Michel Platini
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2914:Marie Marvingt
2911:
2908:Henri Poincaré
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2856:
2853:Henri Grégoire
2850:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2815:Robert Schuman
2812:
2806:
2803:Maurice BarrĂšs
2800:
2794:
2788:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2725:Charles Mangin
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2695:Georges Mouton
2692:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2669:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2623:Jacques Gruber
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2581:Ămile Durkheim
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2545:Ămile Erckmann
2542:
2535:Claude Lorrain
2532:
2529:Jacques Callot
2522:Ămile Durkheim
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:Notable people
2506:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
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2459:
2453:
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2329:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2302:âŹ44.3 billion
2300:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2256:
2253:
2224:
2221:
2197:and announce,
2183:Roman Catholic
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2166:Champigneulles
2159:
2139:
2136:
2093:Munster-géromé
2085:Carré de l'Est
2081:
2080:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2048:mirabelle plum
2033:potée lorraine
2024:
2021:
2006:Ămile Muselier
1958:Main article:
1955:
1952:
1779:
1776:
1759:Lorrainosaurus
1754:
1751:
1736:drainage basin
1668:Chajoux Valley
1661:
1658:
1619:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1575:personal union
1561:, part of the
1539:
1538:
1527:
1505:
1479:
1476:
1378:ChĂąteau-Salins
1218:Treaty of PrĂŒm
1186:Middle Francia
1165:, and others.
1120:
1117:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1003:
996:
988:
985:
984:
981:
980:
975:
970:
964:
962:Related topics
961:
960:
957:
956:
953:
952:
951:
950:
939:
933:
932:
929:
928:
925:
924:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
888:
887:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
839:
838:
837:
832:
827:
822:
803:
802:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
750:
749:
748:
747:
735:
730:
729:
726:
725:
722:
721:
720:
719:
707:
684:
683:
682:
670:
669:
668:
648:
647:
646:
608:
607:
606:
601:
596:
591:
565:
560:
559:
556:
555:
552:
551:
546:
541:
540:
539:
534:
529:
521:
516:
511:
506:
500:
495:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
465:
464:
459:
454:
449:
439:
437:Gallia Belgica
434:
424:
419:
418:
415:
414:
411:
403:
402:
396:
395:
387:
386:
374:
373:
370:
364:
363:
360:
354:
353:
352:âŹ28,300 (2022)
350:
346:
345:
342:
338:
337:
333:
332:
329:
323:
322:
319:
315:
314:
310:
309:
306:
302:
301:
297:
296:
294:
293:
287:
281:
275:
265:
264:
263:
261:
255:
254:
249:
243:
242:
237:
231:
230:
225:
221:
220:
212:
211:
205:
199:
195:
189:
188:
187:
184:
183:
156:
153:
146:
143:
142:
57:
55:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4612:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4583:
4580:
4576:49.000; 6.000
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4431:Lorraine Open
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:Metz Handball
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4306:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4116:
4111:
4109:
4104:
4102:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3913:
3908:
3906:
3901:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3821:French Guiana
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3778:Midi-Pyrénées
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3753:Franche-Comté
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3687:Ăle-de-France
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3622:
3620:
3615:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3494:
3491:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3389:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3341:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3274:The imperial
3271:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3242:
3239:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3191:Luxembourgish
3185:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3142:
3132:
3102:
3094:
3076:
3068:
3040:
3037:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:CĂŽtes de Toul
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2958:Miscellaneous
2957:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2926:Hubert Curien
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2809:Albert Lebrun
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2763:
2762:Patricia Kaas
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2587:Victor Prouvé
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:EugĂšne Vallin
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2557:Paul Verlaine
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2541:) (1600â1682)
2540:
2539:Claude Gellée
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2434:European wolf
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:Eurasian lynx
2422:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:Sarreguemines
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2215:to celebrate
2214:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2148:CĂŽtes de Toul
2145:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2132:Christstollen
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1917:Like most of
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:Luxembourgish
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:, which is a
1852:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1834:, since both
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1820:German Empire
1817:
1812:
1810:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1694:Franche-Comté
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1666:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1567:René of Anjou
1564:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:Western Front
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:German Empire
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:German Empire
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1306:. During the
1305:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:and going to
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:Low Countries
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1009:
1004:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
989:
987:
986:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
959:
958:
949:
946:
945:
944:
941:
940:
937:
931:
930:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
902:
899:
898:
896:
892:
889:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
856:
853:
852:
850:
848:
843:
840:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
817:
814:
813:
811:
807:
804:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
776:
773:
772:
770:
766:
763:
762:
756:
755:
745:
742:
741:
740:
737:
736:
733:
728:
727:
716:
711:
708:
705:
703:
697:
694:
693:
691:
688:
685:
679:
674:
671:
666:
664:
658:
655:
654:
652:
649:
644:
642:
636:
633:
632:
630:
627:
626:
624:
622:
616:
612:
611:Protestantism
609:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
589:
587:
583:
576:
573:
572:
570:
567:
566:
563:
558:
557:
550:
549:Musée lorrain
547:
545:
542:
538:
537:Low Alemannic
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
501:
498:
493:
492:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
429:
426:
425:
422:
417:
416:
409:
405:
404:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:
384:
380:
379:
371:
369:
361:
359:
358:ISO 3166 code
351:
343:
330:
328:
320:
307:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
262:
260:
253:
250:
248:
241:
238:
236:
229:
226:
218:
203:
193:
179:
173:
166:
160:
151:
139:
136:
128:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86: â
85:
81:
80:Find sources:
74:
70:
64:
63:
58:This article
56:
52:
47:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4552:
4534:
4505:Duchy of Bar
4496:
4453:Mediomatrici
4360:Demographics
4322:Coat of arms
4129:
4043:Institutions
4016:Grevenmacher
3969:
3767:
3540:
3529:
3512:
3504:
3493:
3482:. Retrieved
3477:
3468:
3459:
3450:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3380:. Retrieved
3376:
3367:
3347:
3340:
3331:
3318:
3302:
3297:
3288:
3280:
3270:
3262:
3257:
3247:
3241:
3231:18 September
3229:. Retrieved
3220:
3165:
3157:
3039:
2951:Morgan Parra
2756:Tom Novembre
2676:Auguste Daum
2605:Ămile Friant
2310:Agriculture
2258:
2246:
2232:
2226:
2207:
2198:
2180:
2161:
2143:
2123:
2119:
2101:
2082:
2056:
2041:
2032:
2026:
2014:
2003:
1986:
1984:
1931:West Flemish
1916:
1914:of Germany.
1897:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1848:
1813:
1806:
1757:
1756:
1753:Paleontology
1749:influences.
1740:
1710:
1671:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1612:
1604:
1596:
1588:
1579:
1559:Duchy of Bar
1554:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1489:
1457:World War II
1453:Gau Westmark
1449:Nazi Germany
1435:In the 1919
1434:
1391:
1382:
1367:
1316:
1300:Hohenstaufen
1296:
1285:
1261:
1248:
1241:East Francia
1238:
1234:West Francia
1200:through the
1167:
1155:
1112:
1108:
1094:
1055:
1018:
1017:
948:Constituency
894:
845:
809:
768:
714:
699:
690:consistories
677:
660:
638:
618:
579:
544:Demographics
504:Coat of arms
478:
452:Duchy of Bar
428:Mediomatrici
399:
206:Coat of arms
171:
158:
131:
122:
112:
105:
98:
91:
79:
67:Please help
62:verification
59:
4574: /
4537:(1945â2016)
4531:(1940â1945)
4525:(1871â1918)
4519:(1766â1790)
4513:(1552-1790)
4491:Lotharingia
4416:ASPTT Nancy
4138:Departments
3798:RhĂŽne-Alpes
3480:(in French)
3276:Statthalter
3252:(in French)
3203:Lotharingen
3020:Lotharingia
2989:(1895â1982)
2983:(1771â1844)
2977:(1880â1952)
2971:(1894â1973)
2928:(1924â2005)
2922:(1878â1936)
2916:(1875â1963)
2910:(1854â1912)
2904:(1834â1886)
2898:(1822â1901)
2892:(1788â1867)
2886:(1757â1785)
2880:(1730â1817)
2874:(1656â1738)
2861:(1412â1431)
2859:Joan of Arc
2855:(1750â1831)
2849:(1002â1054)
2847:Pope Leo IX
2817:(1886â1963)
2811:(1871â1950)
2805:(1862â1923)
2793:(1832â1893)
2791:Jules Ferry
2787:(1754â1835)
2769:Politicians
2746:(1925â2006)
2740:(1870â1958)
2727:(1866â1925)
2721:(1854â1934)
2715:(1774â1828)
2709:(1767â1848)
2703:(1758â1812)
2697:(1770â1838)
2691:(1060â1100)
2678:(1853â1909)
2668:(1859â1932)
2655:(1593â1652)
2643:(1948â1989)
2631:(1871â1933)
2629:Ămile AndrĂ©
2625:(1870â1936)
2619:(1870â1937)
2617:Henri Bergé
2613:(1865â1953)
2607:(1863â1932)
2601:(1860â1929)
2595:(1859â1926)
2589:(1858â1943)
2577:(1856â1922)
2571:(1848â1884)
2565:(1846â1904)
2559:(1844â1896)
2553:(1826â1890)
2547:(1822â1899)
2531:(1592â1635)
2237: [
2217:Sinterklaas
2209:Sinterklaas
2170:Kronenbourg
1747:continental
1713:Paris Basin
1702:Lotharingia
1580:During the
1465:Free France
1445:World War I
1422:martial law
1398:World War I
1392:During the
1308:Renaissance
1304:Black Death
1222:Lotharingia
1170:Charlemagne
1078:Haute-Marne
1059:departments
1049:before the
1035:Lotharingia
629:Lutheranism
442:Lotharingia
368:NUTS Region
259:Departments
125:August 2022
4589:Categories
4500:(959â1766)
4396:SAS Ăpinal
4345:Franconian
4341:Languages
4191:Bar-le-Duc
4021:Luxembourg
4003:Luxembourg
3831:Martinique
3826:Guadeloupe
3484:2021-05-27
3382:2022-07-03
3212:References
3195:Loutrengen
3174:Lothringen
2744:Darry Cowl
2407:Thionville
2274:metallurgy
2177:Traditions
2130:...). The
2122:bilberry,
2120:brimbelles
1867:Franconian
1764:pliosaurid
1682:Luxembourg
1329:and other
1226:Lothair II
1188:, went to
1176:died. The
1149:seen from
1105:Luxembourg
1086:prefecture
1043:Lothair II
847:Lothringen
820:Bar-le-Duc
523:Languages
327:Demonym(s)
313:Population
247:Prefecture
95:newspapers
84:"Lorraine"
18:Lothringen
4541:Grand Est
4493:(855â959)
4487:(843â855)
4481:(751â843)
4475:(511â751)
4473:Austrasia
3733:Aquitaine
3702:Occitania
3677:Grand Est
3166:Lottringe
2821:Jack Lang
2487:Mirabelle
2372:Lunéville
2321:Industry
2288:Lorraine
2262:logistics
2191:Holy Week
2138:Beverages
2124:mirabelle
2104:madeleine
2073:Andouille
1939:Provençal
1912:Rhineland
1875:francique
1857:minority
1814:In 1871,
1766:from the
1660:Geography
1496:provinces
1357:. In the
1335:feudalist
1319:inherited
1269:Francis I
1190:Lothair I
1113:Lorraines
1039:Lothair I
1031:Grand Est
651:Calvinism
484:Grand Est
321:2,349,816
240:Grand Est
172:Lottringe
4595:Lorraine
4535:Lorraine
4463:Alemanni
4391:AS Nancy
4365:Religion
4353:Alsatian
4130:Lorraine
4011:Diekirch
3993:Saarland
3970:Lorraine
3768:Lorraine
3763:Limousin
3743:Burgundy
3738:Auvergne
3692:Normandy
3661:Brittany
3577:Archived
3513:Minerals
3442:37845269
3433:10579310
3283:, p. 37.
2994:See also
2866:Sciences
2840:Religion
2683:Military
2472:Hornbeam
2467:Geranium
2446:Ash tree
2332:Service
2299:in 2000
2278:iron ore
2266:textiles
2195:ratchets
2112:rum baba
2079:sausage)
1943:Alsatian
1893:Alsatian
1855:moribund
1816:Bismarck
1772:Bajocian
1686:Saarland
1678:Wallonia
1571:Isabella
1548:Lorraine
1406:Mulhouse
1386:toponyms
1210:Provence
1206:Burgundy
1168:In 840,
1161:and the
1147:Arc Héré
1109:Lorrains
1041:or King
1019:Lorraine
586:Holy See
562:Religion
400:Lorraine
392:a series
390:Part of
154:Lorraine
4559:49°00âČN
4543:(2016â)
4441:History
4381:FC Metz
4349:Lorrain
4314:Culture
4221:Moselle
3980:Germany
3934:Belgium
3926:Members
3841:RĂ©union
3836:Mayotte
3788:Picardy
3672:Corsica
3566:at the
3556:at the
3462:. 2012.
3410:Bibcode
3158:Louréne
3154:Lorrain
3137:French:
3071:, also
2953:(1988â)
2947:(1957â)
2941:(1955â)
2835:(1973â)
2823:(1939â)
2764:(1966â)
2758:(1959â)
2752:(1956â)
2672:Antonin
2649:(1962â)
2637:(1933â)
2502:Thistle
2458:boxwood
2367:Forbach
2291:France
2255:Economy
2234:l'usoir
2223:Housing
2187:Angelus
2108:macaron
2089:BrouĂšre
2023:Cuisine
2010:cockade
1935:Catalan
1884:Lorrain
1851:Lorrain
1836:Romance
1809:Moselle
1725:Meurthe
1721:Moselle
1717:cuestas
1674:Belgium
1650:Moselle
1635:Moselle
1627:Meurthe
1623:Moselle
1606:Moselle
1598:Meurthe
1569:, with
1503:Barrois
1455:during
1347:Moselle
1317:France
1172:'s son
1119:History
1101:Belgium
1097:Germany
1070:Moselle
901:Capital
855:Capital
842:Moselle
816:Capital
775:Capital
702:Moselle
663:Moselle
641:Moselle
621:Moselle
584:to the
527:Lorrain
497:Culture
421:History
284:Moselle
224:Country
165:Lorrain
159:Louréne
109:scholar
4562:6°00âČE
4455:&
4374:Sports
4337:People
4332:Symbol
4271:Ăpinal
4266:Vosges
4132:topics
4127:
3962:France
3872:by HDI
3867:by GDP
3728:Alsace
3637:France
3440:
3430:
3355:
3309:
3170:German
2497:Spruce
2362:Ăpinal
2338:71.6%
2335:66.8%
2327:25.6%
2324:30.7%
2270:mining
2203:Easter
2156:Sierck
2152:Seille
2046:. The
2029:potato
1941:, and
1927:Breton
1923:Basque
1921:(e.g.
1906:, and
1832:German
1828:French
1798:Longwy
1727:, and
1706:Alsace
1704:, and
1654:Vosges
1614:Vosges
1518:, and
1516:Verdun
1439:, the
1412:under
1400:, the
1361:, the
1292:France
1194:Frisia
1145:: the
1103:, and
1074:Vosges
1023:France
905:Ăpinal
891:Vosges
746:(1801)
687:Jewish
519:People
514:Symbol
430:&
290:Vosges
228:France
111:
104:
97:
90:
82:
38:, and
4457:Leuci
4186:Meuse
4151:Nancy
3857:Flags
3199:Dutch
3031:Notes
2933:Sport
2482:Maple
2456:Buxus
2451:Beech
2440:Flora
2418:Fauna
2387:Nancy
2346:8.4%
2316:2.8%
2313:2.5%
2241:]
2213:Nancy
2128:quark
2077:tripe
2037:Breux
1871:PlĂ tt
1745:with
1733:Rhine
1729:Meuse
1646:Meuse
1590:Meuse
1544:upper
1143:Nancy
1090:Nancy
1066:Meuse
806:Meuse
779:Nancy
710:Nancy
432:Leuci
278:Meuse
116:JSTOR
102:books
4327:Flag
4226:Metz
3438:PMID
3353:ISBN
3307:ISBN
3233:2023
2492:Sage
2462:Fern
2377:Metz
2162:Beer
2144:Wine
1838:and
1762:, a
1652:and
1625:and
1520:Toul
1512:Metz
1232:and
1230:East
1214:Rome
1132:Metz
1111:and
1082:Metz
1072:and
859:Metz
849:, 57
696:Metz
509:Flag
362:FR-M
300:Area
292:(88)
286:(57)
280:(55)
274:(54)
252:Metz
196:Flag
88:news
3635:of
3428:PMC
3418:doi
2429:Fox
2349:9%
2297:GDP
1877:or
1846:).
1830:or
1680:),
1609:and
1353:'s
1267:as
1196:in
1130:in
1029:of
732:Law
372:FR4
336:GDP
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