1777:
2226:
to die with a clear conscience as part of their reasoning for freeing their slaves. Testamentary manumission could often be disputed by heirs claiming fraud, or that an enslaved person had preyed upon a relative's weak mental or physical condition. Legally testamentary manumissions were usually respected by the courts, who understood enslaved people as part of their owner's property to distribute as they wished. Relatives who claimed fraud had to provide evidence of their claims or they would be dismissed. As in baptismal manumission, conditions of ongoing servitude were sometimes placed upon the enslaved person, by obligating them to care for another relative.
67:
1944:
2288:
3481:
2222:
generous beneficence, there are records of payments by parents or godparents to ensure the child's freedom. Mothers were almost never manumitted alongside their children, even when the mothers gave birth to their master's own children. Manumitting a slave's children at baptism could be one way for owners to ensure the loyalty of the children's still-enslaved parents.
2258:
around 1770, with only an estimated 165 slaves winning their freedom through this fashion. While manumission had little demographic impact on the size of the enslaved population, it was important to the growth and development of the free population of colour, in
Jamaica, during the second half of the eighteenth century.
2333:, so many slaveholders accomplished manumissions by deed or in wills that the proportion of free black people to the total number of black people rose from less than 1% to 10% in the Upper South. In Virginia, the proportion of free black people increased from 1% in 1782 to 7% in 1800. Together with several
2303:
Regulation of manumission began in 1692, when
Virginia established that to manumit a slave, a person must pay the cost for them to be transported out of the colony. A 1723 law stated that slaves may not "be set free upon any pretence whatsoever, except for some meritorious services to be adjudged and
2213:
Female slave owners were more likely than males to manumit their slaves at baptism. The language used by women slave owners who freed their slaves also differed substantially from that of men, with many women using the phrasing “for the love I have for her” as well as other expressions of intimacy as
2225:
Enslaved people could also be freed as part of a slave owner's last will and testament. Testamentary manumission frequently involved expressions of affection on the part of the slave owner to the enslaved person as part of the rationale behind manumission. Slave owners also frequently cited a desire
2221:
Many children manumitted at baptism were likely the illegitimate children of their male owners, though this can be difficult to determine from the baptismal record and must be assessed through other evidence. Although slave owners often characterized these baptismal manumissions as a result of their
2257:
For
Jamaica, manumission went largely unregulated until the 1770s, when manumitters had to post a bond in order to ensure those that they freed did not become wards of the parish. One quantitative analysis of the Jamaica manumission deeds shows that manumission was comparatively rare on the island
2414:
for the suppression of the slave trade. However, clandestine slavery persisted well into the 20th century. Gangs were also organized to facilitate the illegal importation of slaves. Slave raids and the taking of women and children as "spoils of war" lessened but did not stop entirely, despite the
2229:
In
Iberoamerican law, a person had discretion over one-fifth of their estate with the rest going to children, spouses, and other relatives. An enslaved person could be sold in order to cover debts of the estate, but not if they had already paid part of their purchase price towards manumission as
2106:
did not allow anywhere near the same protections, independence, or rights as men, either in the public or private spheres. In reflection of unwritten, yet strictly enforced contemporary social codes, women were also legally prevented from participating in public and civic society. For example:
2205:
In baptismal manumission, enslaved children were freed at baptism. Many of these freedoms came with stipulations which could include servitude often until the end of an owner's life. Children freed at baptism were also frequently the children of still-enslaved parents. A child who was freed at
1858:, affranchisement came in many forms. A master choosing to free his slave would most likely do so only "at his death, specifying his desire in his will". In rare cases, slaves who were able to earn enough money in their labour were able to buy their own freedom and were known as
2337:
abolishing slavery during that period, the proportion of free black people nationally increased to ~14% of the total black population. New York and New Jersey adopted gradual abolition laws that kept the free children of slaves as indentured servants into their twenties.
2284:, went on to become landowners and slaveholders themselves. Slaves could sometimes arrange manumission by agreeing to "purchase themselves" by paying the master an agreed amount. Some masters demanded market rates; others set a lower amount in consideration of service.
2307:
In some cases, a master who was drafted into the army would send a slave instead, with a promise of freedom if he survived the war. The new government of
Virginia repealed the laws in 1782, and declared freedom for slaves who had fought for the colonies during the
2328:
in the late 18th century, planters had less need for slaves, as they switched from labour-intensive tobacco cultivation to mixed-crop farming. Slave states such as
Virginia made it easier for slaveholders to free their slaves. In the two decades after the
2384:
gradually became less central to the functions of
Ottoman society throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Responding to the influence and pressure of European countries in the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire began taking steps to curtail the
1565:
1827:, 2 BC), which suggests that it had been widely used. Freeing slaves could serve the pragmatic interests of the owner. The prospect of manumission worked as an incentive for slaves to be industrious and compliant. Roman slaves were paid a wage (
2206:
baptism but continued to live with enslaved family was far more likely to be re-enslaved. Baptismal manumission could be used as evidence of a person's freed status in a legal case but they did not always have enough information to serve as a
2202:, slaves could purchase their freedom by negotiating with their master for a purchase price and this was the most common way for slaves to be freed. Manumission also occurred during baptism, or as part of an owner's last will and testament.
2395:
policy encouraged manumission of male slaves, but not female slaves. The most telling evidence for this is found in the gender ratio; among slaves traded in
Islamic empire across the centuries, there were roughly two females to every male.
2402:
was a central part of the
Ottoman slave system throughout the history of the institution, and the most resistant to change. Outside of explicit sexual slavery, most female slaves had domestic occupations, and often, this also included
2312:
of 1775–1783. Another law passed in 1782 permitted masters to free their slaves of their own accord. Previously, a manumission had required obtaining consent from the state legislature, an arduous process which was rarely successful.
1776:
1813:
might be manumitted as a gesture of gratitude. For those working as agricultural labourers or in workshops, there was little likelihood of being so noticed. In general, it was more common for older slaves to be given freedom.
2320:
increased, the
Virginia legislature passed laws forbidding them from moving into the state (1778), and requiring newly freed slaves to leave the Commonwealth within one year unless special permission was granted (1806).
2345:, which enabled the development of extensive new areas for cotton cultivation, the number of manumissions decreased because of increased demand for slave labour. In the 19th century, slave revolts such as the
1686:
1805:
The motivations for manumission were complex and varied. Firstly, it may present itself as a sentimental and benevolent gesture. One typical scenario was the freeing in the master's
2354:
1550:
1081:
1971:
Among the Romans the cap of felt was the emblem of liberty. When a slave obtained his freedom he had his head shaved, and wore instead of his hair an undyed pileus (πίλεον λευκόν,
2250:
to the authorities. In some other colonies, no fees applied. It was not uncommon for ex-slaves to purchase family members or friends in order to free them. For example, ex-slave
2198:, masters who manumitted their slaves should be honored and obeyed by their former slaves for giving such a generous gift. As in other parts of Latin America under the system of
1435:
807:
544:
3171:
The narrative of Amos Dresser : with Stone's letters from Natchez, an obituary notice of the writer, and two letters from Tallahassee, relating to the treatment of slaves
3237:"Slaves sold to the Turk; How the vile traffic is still carried on in the East. Sights our correspondent saw for twenty dollars--in the house of a grand old Turk of a dealer"
1171:
812:
2230:
this was considered a legally binding agreement. As long as a person had not disinherited his children or spouse, a slave owner could manumit their slaves as they wished.
504:
2431:
convention on the suppression of slavery. However, illegal sales of girls were reported in the 1930s. Legislation explicitly prohibiting slavery was adopted in 1964.
859:
1405:
1802:
states that the most widely used term is gratuitous manumission, "the conferment of freedom on the enslaved by enslavers before the end of the slave system".
1781:
1555:
886:
2137:
If they were sharp at business, however, there were no social limits to the wealth that freedmen could amass. Their children held full legal rights, but
1889:(guarantor or guardian). The former slave could be bound to some continuing duty to the master and was commonly required to live near the former master (
1632:
384:
834:
3236:
2095:) and retained certain obligations to the former master, who owed certain obligations in return. A freed slave could also acquire multiple patrons.
1605:
1425:
598:
1763:
869:
287:
3531:
3437:
3415:
3319:
3140:
2727:
2602:
2522:
1447:
1124:
896:
1798:
by their owners. Different approaches to manumission were developed, each specific to the time and place of a particular society. Historian
1639:
1600:
1243:
1681:
1318:
978:
829:
625:
534:
3521:
3456:
2815:
2674:
2643:
2569:
2142:
1701:
1395:
1149:
2353:, increased slaveholders' fears. Most Southern states passed laws making manumission nearly impossible until the passage of the 1865
3493:
3392:
3329:
3209:
2757:
2358:
1523:
1400:
824:
593:
460:
1370:
66:
2407:. This was a lawful motive for their purchase, and the most common one. It was similarly a common motivation for their retention.
1870:
from where a god could enfranchise him. In very rare circumstances, the city could affranchise a slave. A notable example is that
3526:
1654:
864:
849:
795:
480:
470:
465:
294:
150:
2420:
2411:
1649:
1420:
226:
1560:
2777:
1119:
1107:
687:
499:
145:
3175:
2381:
2098:
A freed slave became a citizen. Not all citizens, however, held the same freedoms and privileges. In particular contrast,
1780:
Letter where one can read that the slave Geraldo will be free with the condition of working for another 6 years (Brazil).
1691:
1474:
335:
3286:
Morgenthau Henry (1918) Ambassador Morgenthau's Story, Garden City, N.Y, Doubleday, Page & Co., chapter 8. Available
2267:
2138:
2131:
1696:
1540:
1410:
1071:
839:
819:
379:
347:
2790:
3485:
2691:
1756:
1706:
1430:
1348:
475:
256:
76:
1954:
2218:. Male slave owners were far less likely to speak in intimate terms about their reasoning for freeing their slaves.
2370:
2330:
2309:
2281:
1615:
1467:
1452:
1343:
539:
209:
3204:. Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization (reprint ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 99.
2366:
2084:
1846:
1711:
1610:
1141:
1129:
719:
692:
197:
1987:
is a summons to liberty, by which slaves were frequently called upon to take up arms with a promise of liberty (
2445:
2404:
2074:
2037:) on the head of the slave, accompanied with certain formal words, in which he declared that he was a free man
1491:
1360:
913:
702:
187:
88:
367:
3012:
Candlin, Kit; Pybus, Cassandra (2015). "A Lasting Testament of Gratitude: Susannah Ostrehan and her nieces".
2246:
had some of the strictest laws, requiring owners to pay £200 for male slaves and £300 for female slaves, and
1866:
and Phormion, had been slaves before they bought their freedom. A slave could also be sold fictitiously to a
1902:
1676:
1415:
1365:
1293:
1066:
844:
788:
771:
202:
964:
2334:
1906:
1749:
1718:
1223:
876:
724:
448:
414:
409:
3249:
1833:), which they could save up to buy themselves freedom. Manumission contracts found, in some abundance at
2126:
2099:
1585:
1440:
1353:
1338:
1020:
1008:
754:
739:
524:
299:
221:
2554:; Treggiari, Susan M. (1996). "Freedmen, Freedwomen". In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony (eds.).
2280:
African slaves were freed in the North American colonies as early as the 17th century. Some, such as
1723:
1627:
1590:
1518:
1462:
1331:
1288:
1102:
1032:
707:
487:
389:
273:
180:
1881:
Even once a slave was freed, he was not generally permitted to become a citizen, but would become a
2247:
1943:
1937:
1875:
1211:
1191:
1076:
1061:
930:
901:
891:
781:
729:
697:
494:
352:
320:
315:
268:
125:
20:
2476:
3425:
3244:
3058:
3028:
2386:
2362:
2346:
2296:
1930:
1893:). Ex-slaves were able to own property outright, and their children were free of all constraint.
1457:
1303:
1278:
1268:
1233:
1228:
1196:
1161:
1154:
1095:
1088:
945:
764:
759:
749:
519:
372:
330:
325:
278:
246:
236:
173:
2514:
394:
340:
2049:," he turned him round (momento turbinis exit Marcus Dama, Persius, Sat. V.78) and let him go (
3536:
3452:
3433:
3411:
3388:
3344:
3325:
3205:
3136:
3050:
2811:
2753:
2723:
2670:
2639:
2598:
2565:
2518:
2428:
2424:
2416:
2251:
2103:
1823:
1545:
1263:
1258:
1201:
1186:
1166:
988:
983:
918:
881:
714:
680:
509:
362:
251:
130:
3516:
3040:
2287:
2157:
2115:
1972:
1735:
1313:
1308:
1298:
1273:
1238:
1206:
1176:
1049:
1037:
1015:
993:
940:
776:
744:
46:
2594:
1967:
hat was a symbol of the freed slave and manumission; slaves were not allowed to wear them:
2808:
Fractional Freedoms: Slavery, Intimacy, and Legal Mobilization in Colonial Lima, 1600–1700
2666:
2660:
2561:
2555:
1799:
1644:
1535:
1530:
1283:
1253:
1248:
971:
935:
734:
652:
357:
103:
3404:
3381:
3300:
3287:
2507:
2455:
2399:
2392:
2292:
2254:
became a successful businesswoman in Barbados and purchased many of her acquaintances.
2190:
1992:
1855:
1728:
1622:
514:
192:
155:
113:
27:
3480:
3510:
3062:
2585:
Bradley, Keith R. (1996). "Slavery". In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony (eds.).
2214:
part of the reasoning for freeing their slaves as written on the baptismal record or
2166:
2111:
2045:". The master in the meantime held the slave, and after he had pronounced the words "
1666:
1595:
1042:
1025:
800:
630:
620:
404:
54:
2389:, which had been legally valid under Ottoman law since the beginning of the empire.
2359:"except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted,"
3165:
2551:
2440:
1963:
1949:
1920:
1916:
1818:
1671:
1508:
1484:
1390:
1383:
1114:
642:
615:
578:
556:
443:
160:
140:
118:
108:
98:
93:
83:
2617:
1829:
923:
3199:
3169:
3130:
2747:
2587:
3345:"Islam and the Abolition of Slavery", C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2006, p.110
2325:
2057:, Plaut. Capt. II.3.48), whence the general name of the act of manumission. The
2021:
1513:
854:
657:
647:
605:
419:
3045:
2415:
public denial of their existence, such as the enslavement of girls during the
2350:
2342:
2317:
2271:
2161:
1806:
1661:
958:
662:
529:
34:
3054:
2477:"Freedom in the era of slavery: The case of the Barclay brothers in Jamaica"
2239:
2177:
2172:
2120:
1912:
1867:
906:
571:
433:
588:
2299:, which freed him from slavery. Signed by his owner, David Miller. c. 1793
2031:) of the intended manumission. "The lictor of the magistratus laid a rod (
3014:
Enterprising Women: Gender, Race, and Power in the Revolutionary Atlantic
2450:
2275:
2243:
2150:
2066:
2000:
1925:
1496:
1054:
998:
950:
610:
455:
310:
216:
3501:
2033:
1980:
1976:
1919:
and was protected under law mainly as his or her master's property. In
1810:
1479:
561:
241:
58:
3201:
Women and Slavery in the Late Ottoman Empire: The Design of Difference
2717:
2188:
In colonial Peru, the laws around manumission were influenced by the
2146:
1871:
1863:
1834:
1795:
1181:
1003:
583:
566:
428:
263:
231:
2003:, the Roman goddess of freedom, who was also recognized by the rod (
2286:
2027:
1882:
1775:
438:
424:
399:
2107:
through the illegality of women voting or holding public office.
1821:
put limits on the number of slaves that could be freed in wills (
2079:
1988:
305:
135:
2114:. A freed male slave could become a civil servant but not hold
2110:
The freed slaves' rights were limited or defined by particular
2069:
customarily took the former owner's family name, which was the
1837:(Greece), specify in detail the prerequisites for liberation.
2238:
Manumission laws varied between the various colonies in the
2134:
or hold any of the other highly respected public positions.
1809:
of a devoted servant after long years of service. A trusted
3198:
Zilfi, Madeline (2010). "Telling the Ottoman slave story".
3449:
The Internal Enemy: Slavery and War in Virginia, 1772–1832
3301:"Ambassador Morgenthau's Story. 1918. Chapter Twenty-Four"
2593:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.
2410:
The Ottoman Empire and 16 other countries signed the 1890
2141:. Famous Romans who were the sons of freedmen include the
3223:
Manumission was encouraged by law and commonly practiced.
2560:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
1991:
XXIV.32). "The figure of Liberty on some of the coins of
2349:
of 1791–1804, and especially the 1831 rebellion led by
26:"Manumit" redirects here. For the boarding school, see
2355:
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
2719:
Taxing Freedom in Thessalian Manumission Inscriptions
2427:
of 1915. Turkey waited until 1933 to ratify the 1926
1995:, struck A.D. 145, holds this cap in the right hand".
1947:
Relief depicting the manumission of two slaves, with
3288:
http://www.gwpda.org/wwi-www/morgenthau/MorgenTC.htm
1436:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
3502:
Virginia Manumission Database · Manumission Project
2994:
2992:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2895:
2893:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2015:, Latin for "freedom by the rod" (emphasis added):
3403:
3380:
2586:
2506:
3033:New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids
2505:Orrieux, Claude; Pantel, Pauline Schmitt (1999).
2373:; Florida law prohibited manumission altogether.
3318:Eltringham, Nigel; Maclean, Pam (27 June 2014).
3029:"Manumission in Late Eighteenth-Century Jamaica"
2810:. New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 165.
2772:Yates, James. Entry "Pileus" in William Smith's
1936:) and a citizen. Manumissions were subject to a
1551:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
3188:Brunschvig. 'Abd; Encyclopedia of Islam, p. 13.
2716:Zelnick-Abramovitz, Rachel (5 September 2013).
2017:
1969:
2369:, to free a slave required permission of the
1757:
8:
3275:Women and slavery in the late Ottoman Empire
2665:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.
1782:Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo|APESP
1556:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
2795:A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
2774:A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
2692:"Roman Slavery and the Rate of Manumission"
2749:Sacred Places of Goddess: 108 Destinations
2546:
2544:
1903:Slavery in ancient Rome § Manumission
1874:liberated everyone who was present at the
1764:
1750:
41:
3044:
2741:
2739:
2194:, a Castilian law code. According to the
19:For the dance music events in Ibiza, see
16:Act of a slave owner freeing their slaves
2019:The master brought his slave before the
1942:
1923:, a slave who had been manumitted was a
1561:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf
1426:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
1406:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
3451:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
2500:
2498:
2467:
2091:) and the freed slave became a client (
53:
3361:Slaves and masters in the Roman Empire
3235:Wolf Von Schierbrand (28 March 1886).
2638:. London: Duckworth. pp. 41, 48.
2618:Manumission of Female Slaves at Delphi
2304:allowed by the governor and council".
3410:. New York: Oxford University Press.
3027:Ryden, David Beck (7 December 2018).
2475:Shepherd, Verene (24 February 2008).
1885:. The master then became the metic's
1448:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
1125:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
7:
2752:. CCC Publishing. pp. 360–361.
1999:The cap was an attribute carried by
1640:Slave marriages in the United States
1244:Human trafficking in the Middle East
3406:Race and Slavery in the Middle East
2659:Hornblower & Spawforth (1996).
2405:sexual relations with their masters
2011:), used ceremonially in the act of
979:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
3465:Wilson, Theodore Brantner (1965).
3387:. UK: Cambridge University Press.
1633:last survivors of American slavery
14:
2746:Tate, Karen; Olson, Brad (2005).
594:Field slaves in the United States
461:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate
3479:
3277:Cambridge University Press, 2010
2341:After the 1793 invention of the
1854:explains that in the context of
471:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
466:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
295:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
65:
2690:Harrsch, Mary (16 March 2016).
2662:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
2423:were sold as slaves during the
1421:Committee of Experts on Slavery
972:East, Southeast, and South Asia
3369:. Ithaca. (trans. Janet Lloyd)
3168:(1836). "Slavery in Florida".
3016:. University of Georgia Press.
2634:Beard & Crawford (1999) .
2242:. For instance, the island of
2083:. The former owner became the
1975:Exc. Leg. 22 p625, ed. Wess.;
1120:Slave raiding in Easter Island
1:
3484:The dictionary definition of
3469:. University of Alabama Press
3383:The Social Structure of Islam
3176:American Anti-Slavery Society
2806:McKinley, Michelle A. (2016)
2382:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
2276:Freedman § United States
2149:and the 2nd century emperor,
2061:then declared him to be free
3532:Slavery in the United States
3467:The Black Codes of the South
2797:(John Murray, London, 1875).
2268:Slavery in the United States
2139:Roman society was stratified
1817:Legislation under the early
1411:Temporary Slavery Commission
1072:Slavery in the Mongol Empire
3372:Hopkins, M.K. (ed) (1978).
3135:. New York: Hill and Wang.
3132:American Slavery, 1619–1877
2589:Oxford Classical Dictionary
2557:Oxford Classical Dictionary
2509:A History of Ancient Greece
2357:, which abolished slavery
2100:women could become citizens
1862:. Two 4th-century bankers,
1852:A History of Ancient Greece
1431:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
476:Volga Bulgarian slave trade
3553:
2331:American Revolutionary War
2310:American Revolutionary War
2265:
2025:, and stated the grounds (
1983:, V.82). Hence the phrase
1900:
1844:
1616:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1453:Anti-Slavery International
1218:North Africa and West Asia
32:
25:
18:
3522:Slavery in ancient Greece
3367:Slavery in Ancient Greece
3334:– via Google Books.
3046:10.1163/22134360-09203054
2636:Rome in the Late Republic
2291:Original manumission for
2047:hunc hominem liberum volo
1847:Slavery in ancient Greece
1712:Emancipation Proclamation
1384:Opposition and resistance
1142:Sex trafficking in Europe
1130:Blackbirding in Polynesia
693:Trans-Saharan slave trade
2483:. Jamaica Gleaner Online
2446:Islamic views on slavery
2075:Roman naming conventions
2043:vindicavit in libertatem
1955:Musée royal de Mariemont
1794:, is the act of freeing
1492:Compensated emancipation
703:Indian Ocean slave trade
33:Not to be confused with
3527:Slavery in ancient Rome
3402:Lewis, Bernard (1990).
3129:Kolchin, Peter (1993).
2481:old.jamaica-gleaner.com
2412:Brussels Conference Act
1985:servos ad pileum vocare
1416:1926 Slavery Convention
1172:Germany in World War II
789:North and South America
311:Contract of manumission
3430:Islam: An Introduction
3359:Bradley, K.R. (1984).
2300:
2156:A notable freedman in
2132:priests of the emperor
2063:
1997:
1958:
1953:hats (1st century BC,
1907:Ancient Roman Freedmen
1784:
897:British Virgin Islands
449:Circassian slave trade
415:Safavid imperial harem
410:Ottoman Imperial Harem
3447:Taylor, Alan (2013).
3379:Levy, Reuben (1957).
3374:Conquerors and Slaves
2793:" in William Smith's
2789:Long, George. Entry "
2316:As the population of
2290:
2164:, the ostentatiously
1946:
1779:
1136:Europe and North Asia
1096:Australia and Oceania
796:Pre-Columbian America
368:Slave raid of Suðuroy
300:Slavery in al-Andalus
222:Black Sea slave trade
151:21st-century jihadism
3321:Remembering Genocide
2118:(see, for instance,
1591:Indentured servitude
1519:Underground Railroad
1319:United Arab Emirates
708:Zanzibar slave trade
675:By country or region
488:Atlantic slave trade
390:Ma malakat aymanukum
274:Venetian slave trade
3365:Garlan, Y. (1988).
3255:on 16 December 2019
3000:Fractional Freedoms
2984:Fractional Freedoms
2971:Fractional Freedoms
2953:Fractional Freedoms
2940:Fractional Freedoms
2927:Fractional Freedoms
2914:Fractional Freedoms
2901:Fractional Freedoms
2885:Fractional Freedoms
2872:Fractional Freedoms
2859:Fractional Freedoms
2846:Fractional Freedoms
2833:Fractional Freedoms
2116:higher magistracies
2013:manumissio vindicta
1876:Battle of Arginusae
1677:Slave Route Project
808:Americas indigenous
698:Red Sea slave trade
688:Contemporary Africa
551:Topics and practice
321:Crimean slave trade
316:Bukhara slave trade
269:Genoese slave trade
146:Contemporary Africa
126:Forced prostitution
21:Manumission (event)
3432:. US: SUNY Press.
3273:Madeline C. Zilfi
3245:The New York Times
2363:American Civil War
2347:Haitian Revolution
2301:
2297:Colony of Virginia
2077:) of the master's
1959:
1785:
1458:Blockade of Africa
765:Somali slave trade
681:Sub-Saharan Africa
373:Turkish Abductions
331:Khivan slave trade
326:Khazar slave trade
279:Balkan slave trade
237:Prague slave trade
3439:978-0-7914-1327-2
3417:978-0-19-505326-5
3142:978-0-8090-2568-8
2729:978-90-04-25662-0
2604:978-0-19-866172-6
2524:978-0-631-20308-7
2513:. Wiley. p.
2429:League of Nations
2425:Armenian genocide
2417:Armenian Genocide
2371:state legislature
2252:Susannah Ostrehan
2216:carta de libertad
2208:carta de libertad
2170:character in the
2104:Roman citizenship
2039:ex Jure Quiritium
1979:Amphit. I.1.306;
1915:, a slave had no
1824:lex Fufia Caninia
1774:
1773:
1724:Freedmen's Bureau
1546:Third Servile War
1541:International law
1108:Human trafficking
870:Human trafficking
545:Thirteen colonies
363:Sack of Baltimore
131:Human trafficking
3544:
3483:
3462:
3443:
3421:
3409:
3398:
3386:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3297:
3291:
3284:
3278:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3248:. Archived from
3241:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3218:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3126:
3120:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3080:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3048:
3039:(3–4): 211–244.
3024:
3018:
3017:
3009:
3003:
2996:
2987:
2980:
2974:
2967:
2956:
2949:
2943:
2936:
2930:
2923:
2917:
2910:
2904:
2897:
2888:
2881:
2875:
2868:
2862:
2855:
2849:
2842:
2836:
2829:
2818:
2804:
2798:
2787:
2781:
2780:, London, 1875).
2770:
2764:
2763:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2631:
2625:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2592:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2512:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2472:
2158:Latin literature
1973:Diodorus Siculus
1860:choris oikointes
1766:
1759:
1752:
1736:Emancipation Day
1569:
1536:Slave Trade Acts
227:Byzantine Empire
69:
42:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3507:
3506:
3476:
3459:
3446:
3440:
3424:
3418:
3401:
3395:
3378:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3339:
3332:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3285:
3281:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3239:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3088:Taylor loc 491.
3087:
3083:
3074:
3070:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2997:
2990:
2981:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2946:
2937:
2933:
2924:
2920:
2911:
2907:
2898:
2891:
2882:
2878:
2869:
2865:
2856:
2852:
2843:
2839:
2830:
2821:
2805:
2801:
2788:
2784:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2745:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2504:
2503:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2437:
2379:
2335:Northern states
2282:Anthony Johnson
2278:
2266:Main articles:
2264:
2236:
2186:
1909:
1899:
1849:
1843:
1800:Verene Shepherd
1792:enfranchisement
1770:
1741:
1740:
1645:Slave narrative
1601:Fugitive slaves
1581:
1573:
1572:
1563:
1531:Slave rebellion
1386:
1376:
1375:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1146:United Kingdom
1082:Yankee princess
676:
668:
667:
395:Avret Pazarları
341:Avret Pazarları
210:Medieval Europe
176:
166:
165:
104:Forced marriage
79:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3550:
3548:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3491:
3475:
3474:External links
3472:
3471:
3470:
3463:
3458:978-0393073713
3457:
3444:
3438:
3422:
3416:
3399:
3393:
3376:
3370:
3363:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3337:
3330:
3310:
3292:
3279:
3266:
3227:
3210:
3190:
3181:
3157:
3155:Taylor loc 611
3148:
3141:
3121:
3119:(1965), p. 16.
3108:
3106:Taylor loc 598
3099:
3097:Taylor loc 604
3090:
3081:
3079:(1965), p. 15.
3068:
3019:
3004:
2988:
2975:
2957:
2944:
2931:
2918:
2905:
2889:
2876:
2863:
2850:
2837:
2819:
2816:978-1107168985
2799:
2782:
2765:
2758:
2735:
2728:
2708:
2682:
2676:978-0198661726
2675:
2651:
2645:978-0715629284
2644:
2626:
2610:
2603:
2577:
2571:978-0198661726
2570:
2540:
2523:
2494:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2456:Netto Question
2453:
2448:
2443:
2436:
2433:
2421:Armenian girls
2400:Sexual slavery
2393:Ottoman Empire
2378:
2377:Ottoman Empire
2375:
2367:South Carolina
2293:Gowan Pamphlet
2263:
2260:
2235:
2232:
2196:Siete Partidas
2191:Siete Partidas
2185:
2182:
1993:Antoninus Pius
1961:The soft felt
1898:
1895:
1856:Ancient Greece
1845:Main article:
1842:
1841:Ancient Greece
1839:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1623:List of slaves
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1341:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1167:Dutch Republic
1164:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1001:
991:
986:
981:
975:
974:
968:
967:
962:
955:
954:
953:
948:
938:
933:
928:
927:
926:
916:
911:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
884:
879:
874:
873:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
817:
816:
815:
805:
804:
803:
792:
791:
785:
784:
779:
774:
769:
768:
767:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
711:
710:
700:
695:
690:
684:
683:
677:
674:
673:
670:
669:
666:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
639:
638:
634:
633:
628:
626:Child soldiers
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
602:
601:
591:
586:
581:
576:
575:
574:
569:
564:
553:
552:
548:
547:
542:
537:
535:Spanish Empire
532:
527:
522:
517:
515:Middle Passage
512:
507:
502:
497:
491:
490:
484:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
452:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
377:
376:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
345:
344:
343:
336:Ottoman Empire
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
297:
291:
290:
284:
283:
282:
281:
271:
266:
261:
260:
259:
254:
249:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
213:
212:
206:
205:
200:
195:
190:
184:
183:
177:
172:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:
158:
156:Sexual slavery
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
122:
121:
116:
114:Child marriage
111:
101:
96:
91:
89:Child soldiers
86:
80:
75:
74:
71:
70:
62:
61:
51:
50:
28:Manumit School
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3549:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3494:Etymology of
3492:
3490:at Wiktionary
3489:
3488:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3400:
3396:
3394:9780521091824
3390:
3385:
3384:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3341:
3338:
3333:
3331:9781317754220
3327:
3324:. Routledge.
3323:
3322:
3314:
3311:
3306:
3305:www.gwpda.org
3302:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3238:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3213:
3211:9780521515832
3207:
3203:
3202:
3194:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3178:. p. 41.
3177:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3166:Dresser, Amos
3161:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2761:
2759:1-888729-11-2
2755:
2751:
2750:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2712:
2709:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2581:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2526:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2468:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2319:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2262:United States
2261:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2167:nouveau riche
2163:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2105:
2102:, but female
2101:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2051:emisit e manu
2048:
2044:
2041:", that is, "
2040:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1778:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1667:Slave catcher
1665:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:Forced labour
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1441:Abolitionists
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1043:comfort women
1041:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1026:Chukri System
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
973:
970:
969:
966:
963:
960:
956:
952:
949:
947:
944:
943:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
925:
922:
921:
920:
917:
915:
914:Latin America
912:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
871:
868:
866:
865:interregional
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
850:prison labour
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
822:
821:
820:United States
818:
814:
811:
810:
809:
806:
802:
799:
798:
797:
794:
793:
790:
787:
786:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
766:
763:
762:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
709:
706:
705:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
682:
679:
678:
672:
671:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
636:
635:
632:
631:White slavery
629:
627:
624:
622:
621:Slave raiding
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
600:
597:
596:
595:
592:
590:
589:Corvée labour
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
558:
555:
554:
550:
549:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
489:
486:
485:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
405:Abbasid harem
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
382:
381:
378:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
349:
348:Barbary Coast
346:
342:
339:
338:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
301:
298:
296:
293:
292:
289:
286:
285:
280:
277:
276:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
244:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
170:
169:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
106:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
81:
78:
73:
72:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:Forced labour
52:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
29:
22:
3495:
3486:
3466:
3448:
3429:
3426:Schimmel, A.
3405:
3382:
3373:
3366:
3360:
3340:
3320:
3313:
3304:
3295:
3282:
3274:
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3250:the original
3243:
3230:
3222:
3215:. Retrieved
3200:
3193:
3184:
3174:. New-York:
3170:
3160:
3151:
3131:
3124:
3116:
3111:
3102:
3093:
3084:
3076:
3071:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3013:
3007:
2999:
2983:
2978:
2970:
2952:
2947:
2939:
2934:
2926:
2921:
2913:
2908:
2900:
2884:
2879:
2871:
2866:
2858:
2853:
2845:
2840:
2832:
2807:
2802:
2794:
2785:
2773:
2768:
2748:
2718:
2711:
2699:. Retrieved
2695:
2685:
2661:
2654:
2635:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2588:
2580:
2556:
2552:Finley, M.I.
2536:Affranchise.
2535:
2528:. Retrieved
2508:
2485:. Retrieved
2480:
2470:
2441:Emancipation
2409:
2398:
2391:
2380:
2340:
2323:
2318:free Negroes
2315:
2306:
2302:
2279:
2256:
2237:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2171:
2165:
2155:
2136:
2130:), serve as
2125:
2119:
2109:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1984:
1970:
1962:
1960:
1948:
1933:
1924:
1921:Ancient Rome
1910:
1897:Ancient Rome
1890:
1886:
1880:
1859:
1851:
1850:
1828:
1822:
1819:Roman Empire
1816:
1804:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1672:Slave patrol
1509:Freedom suit
1501:
1485:Sierra Leone
1475:Colonization
1391:Abolitionism
1371:Baháʼí Faith
1344:Christianity
1294:Saudi Arabia
1150:Penal Labour
1115:Blackbirding
1021:Debt bondage
1009:penal system
835:Contemporary
825:Field slaves
813:U.S. Natives
772:South Africa
643:Galley slave
616:Slave market
606:House slaves
579:Blackbirding
557:Conscription
481:21st century
444:Umm al-walad
288:Muslim world
257:Emancipation
161:Wage slavery
141:Penal labour
119:Wife selling
109:Bride buying
94:Conscription
84:Child Labour
77:Contemporary
39:
3496:manumission
3487:manumission
3117:Black Codes
3077:Black Codes
2791:Manumission
2778:John Murray
2696:Roman Times
2622:attalus.org
2530:12 February
2387:slave trade
2326:Upper South
2067:freed slave
2059:magistratus
2022:magistratus
1788:Manumission
1687:court cases
1564: [
1514:Slave Power
1502:Manumission
1349:Catholicism
1224:Afghanistan
965:Puerto Rico
877:The Bahamas
855:Slave codes
658:Shanghaiing
648:Impressment
540:Slave Coast
420:Qajar harem
380:Concubinage
353:slave trade
3511:Categories
3259:19 January
3217:9 February
2998:McKinley,
2982:McKinley,
2969:McKinley,
2951:McKinley,
2938:McKinley,
2925:McKinley,
2912:McKinley,
2899:McKinley,
2883:McKinley,
2870:McKinley,
2857:McKinley,
2844:McKinley,
2831:McKinley,
2701:4 December
2487:15 January
2462:References
2361:after the
2351:Nat Turner
2343:cotton gin
2272:Free Negro
2248:show cause
2200:coartación
2162:Trimalchio
2055:misit manu
1917:personhood
1901:See also:
1878:(406 BC).
1702:J.Q. Adams
1692:Washington
1662:Slave name
1611:convention
1586:Common law
959:Encomienda
755:Seychelles
740:Mauritania
663:Slave ship
530:Panyarring
525:New France
174:Historical
35:Manumation
3063:165510200
3055:2213-4360
3002:, p. 182.
2986:, p. 181.
2973:, p. 180.
2955:, p. 167.
2942:, p. 165.
2929:, p. 162.
2916:, p. 161.
2903:, p. 152.
2887:, p. 155.
2874:, p. 153.
2835:, p. 177.
2722:. Brill.
2595:1415–1417
2240:Caribbean
2234:Caribbean
2178:Petronius
2173:Satyricon
2121:apparitor
1938:state tax
1913:Roman law
1887:prostatès
1868:sanctuary
1697:Jefferson
1354:Mormonism
1289:Palestine
1103:Australia
1033:Indonesia
924:Lei Áurea
907:Code Noir
887:Caribbean
860:Treatment
599:Treatment
572:Devshirme
434:Odalisque
252:In Russia
193:Babylonia
181:Antiquity
3537:Freedmen
3428:(1992).
3115:Wilson,
3075:Wilson,
2861:, p. 145
2848:, p. 152
2667:334, 609
2451:Mukataba
2435:See also
2244:Barbados
2151:Pertinax
2143:Augustan
2112:statutes
2089:patronus
2005:vindicta
2001:Libertas
1931:feminine
1926:libertus
1891:paramone
1830:peculium
1729:Iron bit
1719:40 acres
1682:breeding
1497:Freedman
1332:Religion
1192:Portugal
1077:Thailand
1067:Maldives
1062:Malaysia
1055:Kwalliso
999:Booi Aha
951:Restavek
931:Colombia
902:Trinidad
892:Barbados
782:Zanzibar
730:Ethiopia
611:Saqaliba
505:Database
456:Saqaliba
217:Ancillae
47:a series
45:Part of
3517:Slavery
3354:Sources
2324:In the
2295:of the
2034:festuca
2009:festuca
1981:Persius
1934:liberta
1811:bailiff
1707:Lincoln
1580:Related
1480:Liberia
1366:Judaism
1304:Tunisia
1279:Morocco
1269:Lebanon
1234:Bahrain
1229:Algeria
1197:Romania
1162:Denmark
1155:Slavery
1089:Vietnam
760:Somalia
750:Nigeria
725:Comoros
653:Pirates
562:Ghilman
495:Bristol
385:history
358:pirates
247:History
136:Peonage
59:slavery
3455:
3436:
3414:
3391:
3328:
3208:
3139:
3061:
3053:
2814:
2756:
2726:
2673:
2642:
2601:
2568:
2521:
2274:, and
2147:Horace
2127:scriba
2093:cliens
2085:patron
1977:Plaut.
1964:pileus
1950:pileus
1911:Under
1905:, and
1872:Athens
1864:Pasion
1835:Delphi
1796:slaves
1628:owners
1264:Kuwait
1259:Jordan
1212:Sweden
1202:Russia
1187:Poland
1182:Norway
1004:Laogai
989:Brunei
984:Bhutan
946:revolt
919:Brazil
882:Canada
845:partus
830:female
715:Angola
584:Coolie
567:Mamluk
520:Nantes
500:Brazil
429:Cariye
264:Thrall
232:Kholop
198:Greece
3253:(PDF)
3240:(PDF)
3059:S2CID
2365:. In
2176:, by
2145:poet
2073:(see
2071:nomen
2053:, or
2028:causa
1883:metic
1790:, or
1655:songs
1650:films
1568:]
1524:songs
1361:Islam
1339:Bible
1314:Yemen
1309:Qatar
1299:Syria
1274:Libya
1239:Egypt
1207:Spain
1177:Malta
1050:Korea
1038:Japan
1016:India
994:China
941:Haiti
801:Aztec
777:Sudan
745:Niger
637:Naval
510:Dutch
439:Qiyan
425:Jarya
400:Harem
242:Serfs
188:Egypt
3453:ISBN
3434:ISBN
3412:ISBN
3389:ISBN
3326:ISBN
3261:2011
3219:2021
3206:ISBN
3137:ISBN
3051:ISSN
2812:ISBN
2754:ISBN
2724:ISBN
2703:2020
2671:ISBN
2640:ISBN
2599:ISBN
2566:ISBN
2532:2012
2519:ISBN
2489:2018
2184:Peru
2124:and
2080:gens
1989:Liv.
1807:will
1606:laws
1468:U.S.
1463:U.K.
1401:U.S.
1396:U.K.
1284:Oman
1254:Iraq
1249:Iran
936:Cuba
840:maps
735:Mali
720:Chad
306:Baqt
203:Rome
99:Debt
57:and
3041:doi
2620:at
2562:609
2515:187
2160:is
2007:or
3513::
3303:.
3242:.
3221:.
3057:.
3049:.
3037:92
3035:.
3031:.
2991:^
2960:^
2892:^
2822:^
2738:^
2694:.
2669:.
2597:.
2564:.
2543:^
2534:.
2517:.
2497:^
2479:.
2419:.
2270:,
2210:.
2180:.
2153:.
2065:A
1957:).
1940:.
1566:fa
49:on
3461:.
3442:.
3420:.
3397:.
3307:.
3290:.
3263:.
3145:.
3065:.
3043::
2776:(
2762:.
2732:.
2705:.
2679:.
2648:.
2624:.
2607:.
2574:.
2491:.
2087:(
1929:(
1765:e
1758:t
1751:v
961:)
957:(
427:/
302:
37:.
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
