774:
754:
1016:
1870:
1852:
802:
1126:, however he was executed by the Sassanians in 575. During this period, Miaphysites were subject to a great deal of persecution from the Sassanians, under suspicion that as they obeyed a spiritual head residing in Byzantine territory, they were therefore inclined to support the Byzantines. This was spurred on by accusations of favouring the Byzantines from Nestorians at the Shah's court at
784:
764:
1180:
was held to regulate the relationship and resolve the differences between the two positions. The
Council agreed that just as the patriarch consecrated the Maphrian, the consecration of a new Patriarch would be reserved to the Maphrian and that both would avoid interfering in the administration of the
1133:
During this period, the
Persians were known to enslave much of the Roman territory they conquered and return with a multitude of captives, including Byzantines, Egyptians and Syrians, increasing the number of Miaphysites within Persia. The Miaphysites were under the authority of the Syriac Orthodox
1165:. This allowed him to rebuild churches and administer the church. He also undertook fruitful missionary work among the Arabs and throughout the valley of the Tigris, spreading the Syriac Orthodox faith. With the appointment of the maphrian came large ecclesiastical autonomy from the Church in
1211:. In time, the number of Syriac Orthodox Christians in Mesopotamia decreased, and the maphrianate lost its original significance. It became largely a titular designation for the Syriac Orthodox Church's second highest office until being abolished altogether in a synod of 1860.
64:
1200:. The maphrian returned to Tagrit where he united the two sees of Nineveh and Tagrit in 1152 before being forced to permanently move to the Monastery of Mar Mattai in 1155 whilst retaining an immediate jurisdiction over Tagrit and Nineveh.
1623:
727:
898:
The first maphrianate, called the
Maphrianate of the East or the Maphrianate of Tagrit, was established in 628 to give the Syriac Orthodox Church an ecclesiastical hierarchy in the
1616:
722:
830:
1609:
1192:, who was jealous of the preponderating influence of Tagrit. The maphrianate was based in Tagrit until 1089 upon the destruction of the main cathedral, known as the
409:
1907:
948:
who took the title in 1693. Although elected patriarch, he refused the title, keeping his position as a
Maphrian, thus not establishing a patriarchal line.
1922:
777:
787:
1135:
222:
823:
177:
1231:
1134:
Metropolitan of the East until 624 when the seat was left empty for five years. So once the hostilities had drawn to a close at the end of the
963:. This line however, once again declared autonomy, and the unity deteriorated in 1975, when the Malankara Orthodox Church split again from the
637:
1173:
1169:. This was done to help improve the position of Miaphysites within the Persian Empire, refuting accusations of favouring the Byzantines.
911:
672:
1176:
became increasingly strained, and at times lead to schisms and interference into the election of both maphrian and patriarch. In 869, the
941:. It is unclear what kind of jurisdiction this maphrian exercised. No new maphrian was appointed after the death of the last one in 1844.
1917:
915:
816:
181:
109:
1146:
as the first maphrian, with the task of organising the
Miaphysites in the Sassanian Empire from the Miaphysite stronghold of Tagrit.
1025:
1573:
1058:
146:
114:
1880:
926:. The Maphrianate of the East was abolished in 1860 as a result of a decreasing number of Syriac Orthodox outside of the region of
951:
In the 20th century a new maphrianate nominally under the Syriac
Orthodox Church was established in India in 1912, creating a new
1215:
964:
956:
190:
94:
1786:
682:
251:
938:
1912:
1193:
572:
971:. Since then there have been two separate lines. The current line recognized by the Syriac Orthodox Church is known as the
967:(an integral branch of the Syriac Orthodox Church). The Patriarch withdrew recognition from Baselios Augen and consecrated
1079:
under a single ecclesiastical authority and act as a link with the
Christians within the Roman Empire. However, after the
330:
208:
168:
767:
482:
1184:
However, the
Maphrians often had disputes with bishops within his own administration, such as the metropolitan of the
757:
45:
1071:
The ecclesiastical dignity dates back to the seventh century however its origins began with the instatement of the
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325:
1496:
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261:
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1029:
1731:
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1725:
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137:
1110:
alone did not adopt
Nestorianism and would become the centre of Miaphysite missions. With the birth of the
937:
The second maphrianate was the
Maphrianate of Ṭur ʿAbdin established in 1495 under the jurisdiction of the
891:. There have been three maphrianates in the history of the Syriac Orthodox Church and one, briefly, in the
1749:
1236:
The following dioceses were suffragans of the Maphrianate of the East at various points in its existence:
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632:
602:
385:
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186:
164:
142:
133:
84:
79:
1885:
1522:
1214:
In 1964, the title was resurrected for use by the regional head of the Syriac Orthodox Church in India (
697:
301:
281:
271:
959:. This was not recognized by the then-reigning Patriarch of Antioch until 1958, at the consecration of
1095:. From this point on the catholicate became increasingly Nestorian, forcing the few remaining Persian
922:. The title "maphrian" first came into use around 1100. In 1156 the seat of the maphrian was moved to
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1318:
1139:
1100:
291:
1856:
1813:
1700:
1661:
1405:
972:
968:
806:
667:
507:
227:
99:
35:
1902:
1761:
1707:
1158:
919:
692:
607:
577:
429:
419:
306:
256:
53:
1601:
1153:
were to be crowned with greater success than the previous metropolitans with the assistance of
927:
1833:
1773:
1767:
1673:
1667:
1632:
1569:
1492:
1400:
1382:
1219:
1150:
1143:
976:
707:
622:
547:
104:
31:
1807:
1779:
1092:
1080:
1076:
960:
597:
592:
370:
355:
1002:), which means "one who bears fruit, fructifier", metaphorically "consecrator" of bishops.
1693:
1559:
1539:
1531:
1119:
899:
848:
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712:
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1592:
Wilmshurst, David (2019). "West Syrian patriarchs and maphrians". In Daniel King (ed.).
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1568:. The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.
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1084:
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537:
914:. Initially he used the title catholicos in direct opposition to the rival
1544:
Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition
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Despite this, within the Sassanian Empire, the Mesopotamian town of
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in the fifth century, which was made to unite Christians within the
879:, is the second-highest rank in the ecclesiastical hierarchy of the
1873: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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1357:
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Takahashi, Hidemi (2018). "Maphrian". In Oliver Nicholson (ed.).
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1605:
1515:
1161:, who had completely won the confidence of the Christian queen
1565:
Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D
1009:
27:
Religious position in the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch
1459:
1457:
1036:
1501:. Vol. 1. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press
1172:
Over time, the relations between the Maphrian and the
862:
1823:
1797:
1683:
1639:
1498:
The Collected Historical Essays of Aphram I Barsoum
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
910:and he ranked second in the hierarchy after the
987:The word "maphrian" is an Anglicisation of the
1262:Beth Ramman (Baremman) or Beth Waziq (Bawazij)
1091:and Nestorians were forced to relocate to the
1633:Maphrians and Grand Metropolitans of the East
1617:
824:
8:
1624:
1610:
1602:
1423:
1039:. Please do not remove this message until
906:. The seat of the bishop was initially at
831:
817:
40:
1538:. In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts;
1463:
1207:to distinguish it from the new office of
1114:in the late sixth century, the office of
1059:Learn how and when to remove this message
1203:From 1533, the title was changed to the
1130:; thus encouraging further persecution.
1035:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1587:. Oxford University Press. p. 957.
1585:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
1475:
1416:
1138:, in 629 the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch
70:
52:
1232:Dioceses of the Syriac Orthodox Church
944:The sole Syriac Catholic maphrian was
1448:
902:and lands outside the control of the
7:
1889:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1845:† Illegitimate; Maphrian of Malabar
1526:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1174:Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch
852:
763:
34:. For the current Maphrianate, see,
1908:Christianity in the Sasanian Empire
783:
1923:6th-century establishments in Asia
1879:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
25:
1514:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1136:Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
887:. The office of a maphrian is an
1868:
1850:
1216:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
1014:
965:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
916:Catholicos of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
800:
782:
773:
772:
762:
753:
752:
191:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
62:
1640:Grand Metropolitans of the East
930:. By then it had been a merely
1596:. Routledge. pp. 806–813.
1087:were branded heretical at the
873:Grand Metropolitan of the East
1:
1118:was created by the energetic
331:Non-Chalcedonian Christianity
209:History of Oriental Orthodoxy
169:French Coptic Orthodox Church
863:
1542:; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.).
1226:Ecclesiastical jurisdiction
1218:). The current Maphrian is
1041:conditions to do so are met
871:), originally known as the
30:For a list of holders, see
1939:
1918:Religious leadership roles
1319:Monastery of Saint Matthew
1229:
975:. The current maphrian is
688:Apostolic Church-Ordinance
326:Oriental Orthodox Theology
71:Oriental Orthodox churches
29:
1843:
1388:Monastery of Saint Behnam
1083:in 431, the teachings of
957:Malankara Orthodox Church
361:Anaphora of Saint Gregory
1116:Metropolitan of the East
1089:First Council of Ephesus
543:Athanasius of Alexandria
1857:Christianity portal
1798:Catholicoi of the East
1720:Gregory II bar Hebraeus
1186:Monastery of Mar Mattai
1178:Council of Capharthutha
939:Patriarch of Ṭur ʿAbdin
807:Christianity portal
573:Dioscorus of Alexandria
528:Nine Saints of Ethiopia
523:Gregory the Illuminator
459:Orthodox Tewahedo Bible
233:Saint Thomas Christians
1684:Maphrians of the East
1112:Syriac Orthodox Church
1073:Catholicos of the East
893:Syriac Catholic Church
883:, right below that of
881:Syriac Orthodox Church
875:and also known as the
633:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
386:Liturgy of Saint Cyril
381:Liturgy of Saint Basil
376:Liturgy of Saint James
1913:Ecclesiastical titles
1886:Catholic Encyclopedia
1523:Catholic Encyclopedia
1209:Maphrian of Tur Abdin
1196:and was relocated to
994:, itself from Syriac
638:Geevarghese Gregorios
349:Anaphora & Rites:
344:Liturgy and practices
1824:Catholicoi of India
1140:Athanasius I Gammolo
1101:Philoxenus of Mabbug
946:Baselios Isḥaq Jbeir
912:Patriarch of Antioch
673:Patriarch of Antioch
240:Ecumenical Councils:
203:History and theology
128:Independent churches
1814:Baselios Paulose II
1714:John VI bar Maʿdani
1701:Dionysius bar Masih
1426:, pp. 810–811.
1406:Catholicos of India
1028:of this section is
973:Catholicos of India
969:Baselios Paulose II
746:Links and resources
668:Catholicos of India
508:Cyril of Alexandria
159:Autonomous churches
147:Malabar Independent
36:Catholicos of India
1750:Basil Peter Hadaya
1708:Ignatius III David
1159:Gabriel de Shiggar
920:Church of the East
693:Coptic monasticism
608:Michael the Syrian
583:Abraham of Farshut
578:Severus of Antioch
55:Oriental Orthodoxy
1865:
1864:
1834:Baselios Thomas I
1790:
1774:Basil Lazarus III
1744:Basil Ni'matallah
1704:
1478:, pp. 44–46.
1424:Wilmshurst (2019)
1401:List of maphrians
1273:Jazirat Ibn ʿUmar
1271:, later moved to
1220:Baselios Thomas I
1205:Maphrian of Mosul
1151:Marutha of Tagrit
1144:Marutha of Tagrit
1069:
1068:
1061:
977:Baselios Thomas I
934:for a long time.
861:
841:
840:
708:Coonan Cross Oath
623:Giyorgis of Segla
548:Ephrem the Syrian
105:Orthodox Tewahedo
32:List of Maphrians
16:(Redirected from
1930:
1890:
1872:
1871:
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1808:Baselios Augen I
1787:Basil Shukrallah
1785:
1780:Basil Matthew II
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1603:
1597:
1594:The Syriac World
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1560:Meyendorff, John
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1532:Kiraz, George A.
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1517:"Maphrian"
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1473:
1467:
1464:Takahashi (2018)
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1093:Sassanian Empire
1081:Nestorian Schism
1077:Sassanian Empire
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683:Ethiopian titles
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223:Tewahedo history
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1120:Jacob Baradaeus
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553:Ezana of Axum
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533:Tiridates III
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501:Major figures
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33:
19:
1884:
1867:
1762:Basil George
1703:(1189–1190)†
1593:
1584:
1564:
1550:13 September
1548:. Retrieved
1543:
1521:
1503:. Retrieved
1497:
1485:Bibliography
1471:
1449:Kiraz (2011)
1419:
1283:Peroz-Shapur
1278:Beth Nuhadra
1235:
1213:
1204:
1202:
1194:Green Church
1183:
1171:
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1070:
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1046:
1024:
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991:
986:
955:church, the
950:
943:
936:
904:Roman Empire
897:
888:
876:
872:
868:
844:
842:
677:
613:Bar Hebraeus
473:Coptic cross
449:Coptic Bible
321:Miaphysitism
297:Capharthutha
1816:(1975–1996)
1810:(1964–1975)
1800:(1964–2002)
1789:(1748–1764)
1782:(1713-1727)
1776:(1709–1713)
1770:(1687–1709)
1768:Basil Isaac
1764:(1683–1686)
1756:Basil Yeldo
1752:(1597–1598)
1746:(1555–1557)
1740:(1509–1518)
1734:(1490–1494)
1728:(1404–1412)
1722:(1264–1286)
1716:(1232–1252)
1710:(1215–1222)
1696:(1164–1188)
1686:(1075–1859)
1337:Beth Arsham
1269:Beth Zabdai
1242:Beth Arbaye
1155:Chosroes II
1097:Miaphysites
932:titular see
889:maphrianate
788:WikiProject
628:Mar Thoma I
396:Holy Qurobo
267:Ephesus III
1897:Categories
1732:Basil Noah
1642:(559–1075)
1536:"Maphrian"
1412:References
1349:Beth Saida
1142:appointed
1099:, such as
1026:neutrality
928:Ṭur ʿAbdin
877:Catholicos
663:Catholicos
558:Frumentius
403:Calendars:
302:Shirakavan
262:Ephesus II
1903:Maphrians
1676:(649–659)
1670:(629–649)
1664:(614–624)
1658:(578–609)
1652:(559–575)
1650:Ahudemmeh
1128:Ctesiphon
1124:Ahudemmeh
1085:Nestorius
1049:July 2021
1037:talk page
996:maphryono
983:Etymology
885:patriarch
869:maphryono
864:maphryānā
858:romanized
778:Templates
603:Nerses IV
538:Mar Awgin
513:Mor Addai
430:Gregorian
420:Ethiopian
314:Theology:
292:Manzikert
257:Ephesus I
182:Jerusalem
110:Ethiopian
18:Maphryono
1881:Maphrian
1656:Qamishoʿ
1562:(1989).
1534:(2011).
1495:(2009).
1395:See also
1383:Julamerk
1328:Narsibad
1291:Al-Hirah
1287:Shahrzur
1030:disputed
992:mafiryān
845:Maphrian
758:Category
678:Maphrian
563:Shenoute
444:Peshitta
410:Armenian
282:Dvin III
247:Nicaea I
174:Armenian
115:Eritrean
90:Armenian
46:a series
44:Part of
1877::
1674:Denha I
1668:Marutha
1505:26 June
1378:Bahrain
1373:Nisibis
1340:Hassasa
1314:Baghdad
1305:Nineveh
1300:Taghlib
1190:Nineveh
1181:other.
1167:Antioch
1006:History
918:of the
860::
703:Debtera
518:Abgar V
307:Hromkla
287:Dvin IV
277:Dvin II
138:British
100:Cilicia
1662:Samuel
1572:
1363:Tabriz
1353:Sistan
1343:Tirhan
1334:Qronta
1251:Maltha
1247:Sinjar
1163:Shirin
1108:Tagrit
1000:mprynʾ
989:Arabic
908:Tagrit
853:ܡܦܪܝܢܐ
849:Syriac
733:Timkat
466:Cross:
437:Bible:
425:Julian
415:Coptic
272:Dvin I
187:Syriac
165:Coptic
143:Syriac
134:Coptic
95:Indian
85:Syriac
80:Coptic
1368:Urmia
1358:Herat
1346:Balad
1331:Kurum
1309:Mosul
1265:Karma
1255:Arzen
1198:Mosul
1188:near
924:Mosul
768:Media
658:Abuna
588:Yared
1570:ISBN
1552:2020
1507:2021
1324:Kufa
1307:and
1296:Anah
1023:The
843:The
1883:".
867:or
1899::
1520:.
1456:^
1431:^
1222:.
979:.
895:.
855:,
851::
189::
180:,
176::
167::
145::
136::
48:on
1625:e
1618:t
1611:v
1578:.
1554:.
1509:.
1451:.
1062:)
1056:(
1051:)
1047:(
1043:.
1033:.
998:(
847:(
832:e
825:t
818:v
211::
38:.
20:)
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