943:
997:
2556:
province's number of MPs was proposed to change from 4 to 3, accounting for its declining proportion of the national population at that time. When PEI entered
Confederation in 1873, it was accorded 6 MPs and 4 Senators; however this was reduced to 4 MPs by the early 20th century. Senators being appointed for life at this time, these coveted seats rarely went unfilled for a long period of time anywhere in Canada. As a result, PEI's challenge was accepted by the federal government, and its level of federal representation was secured. In the aftermath of the 1989 budget, which saw a filibuster by Liberal Senators in attempt to kill legislation creating the
1956:
rose considerably over the two decades, but there was little improvement in the wealth levels in rural areas, which comprised the great majority of the population. Likewise Gwyn reports that gentlemen, merchants, bankers, colliery owners, shipowners, shipbuilders, and master mariners flourished. However the great majority of families were headed by farmers, fishermen, craftsmen and labourer. Most of them—and many widows as well—lived in poverty. Out migration became an increasingly necessary option. Thus the era was indeed a golden age but only for a small but powerful and highly visible elite.
2164:, advocated by scholars such as S.A. Saunders, looks at the resource endowments of the Maritimes and argues that it was the decline of the traditional industries of shipbuilding and fishing that led to Maritime poverty, since these processes were rooted in geography, and thus all but inevitable. Kris Inwood has revived the staples approach and looks at a number of geographic weaknesses relative to Central Canada. He repeats Acheson's argument that the region lacks major urban centres, but adds that the Maritimes were also lacking the great rivers that led to the cheap and abundant
178:
4013:
2590:
2273:
2052:
1734:, and subsequent creation of a widespread industrial base to take advantage of the region's large underground coal deposits. After Confederation, however, this industrial base withered with technological change, and trading links to Europe and the U.S. were reduced in favour of those with Ontario and Quebec. In recent years, however, the Maritime regional economy has begun increased contributions from manufacturing again and the steady transition to a service economy.
5578:
1885:
1599:
2536:
proportion of the national population. The comparatively large population growth of western and central Canada during the immigration boom of the 20th century has reduced the
Maritimes' proportion of the national population to less than 10%, resulting in an over-representation in Parliament, with some federal ridings having fewer than 35,000 people, compared to central and western Canada where ridings typically contain 100,000–120,000 people.
1335:
1915:'s most extensive manufacturing sectors as well as a large international shipping industry. The question of why the Maritimes fell from being a centre of Canadian manufacturing to being an economic hinterland is thus a central one to the study of the region's pecuniary difficulties. The period in which the decline occurred had a great many potential culprits. In 1867 Nova Scotia and New Brunswick merged with the Canadas in
1722:
4025:
1196:
1250:, to be held in early September 1864 in Charlottetown – chosen in part because of Prince Edward Island's reluctance to give up its jurisdictional sovereignty in favour of uniting with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia into a single colony. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia felt that if the union conference were held in Charlottetown, they might be able to convince Island politicians to support the proposal.
1812:
2355:
2212:
50:
1998:
2548:, this model was developed to ensure that no area of the country is able to exert undue influence in the Senate. The Maritimes, with its much smaller proportion of the national population (compared to the time of Confederation) also have an over-representation in the Senate, particularly compared to the population growth of Ontario and the western provinces. This has led to
1608:
1049:, largely by privateering against American shipping, but several coastal communities were also the targets of American raiders. Charlottetown, the capital of the new colony of St. John's Island, was ransacked in 1775 with the provincial secretary kidnapped and the Great Seal stolen. The largest military action in the Maritimes during the revolutionary war was the
2330:
418:
1847:
phenomenon for some parts of the region. Another problem is seen in the lower average wages and family incomes within the region. Property values are depressed, resulting in a smaller tax base for these three provinces, particularly when compared with the national average which benefits from central and western
Canadian economic growth.
1208:
2576:
1167:. However, the majority of the conflict's impact was felt in the shipping industry. Maritime shipping boomed during the war due to large-scale Northern imports of war supplies which were often carried by Maritime ships as Union ships were vulnerable to Confederate naval raiders. Diplomatic tensions between Britain and the
2112:. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, just the opposite was the case with little to no population concentration in major industrial centres as the predominantly rural resource-dependent Maritime economy continued on the same path as it had since European settlement on the region's shores.
2084:, these being the goals of the Macdonald and Laurier governments. In the Maritimes the situation was very different. Today New Brunswick has several mid-sized centres in Saint John, Moncton, and Fredericton but no significant population centre. Nova Scotia has a growing metropolitan area surrounding
1973:
places the date closer to 1885. T.W. Acheson takes a similar view and provides considerable evidence that the early 1880s were in fact a booming period in Nova Scotia and this growth was only undermined towards the end of that decade. David
Alexander argues that any earlier declines were simply part
1803:
was also discovered in the 1980s during exploration work, and this is being commercially recovered, beginning in the late 1990s. Initial optimism in Nova Scotia about the potential of off-shore resources appears to have diminished with the lack of new discoveries, although exploration work continues
2064:
of the 1920s, which advocated greater local control over the region's finances. T.W. Acheson is one of the main proponents of this theory. He notes the growth that was occurring during the early years of the
National Policy in Nova Scotia demonstrates how the effects of railway fares and the tariff
1076:
in 1783, Loyalist settlers in what would become New
Brunswick persuaded British administrators to split the Colony of Nova Scotia to create the new colony of New Brunswick in 1784. At the same time, another part of the Colony of Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island, was split off to become the Colony of
2535:
by 25 Members of the House of
Commons (Nova Scotia – 11, New Brunswick – 10, Prince Edward Island – 4) and 24 Senators (Nova Scotia and New Brunswick – 10 each, Prince Edward Island – 4). This level of representation was established at the time of Confederation when the Maritimes had a much larger
2340:
Agriculture and forestry are two prominent industries found in New
Brunswick. Despite having an extensive coastline, New Brunswick's industrial sector has never been entirely reliant on the success of the fisheries. Likewise, the strong shipbuilding heritage of the province directly relates to its
2171:
The
Maritimes are the only provinces in Canada which entered Confederation in the 19th century and have kept their original colonial boundaries. All three provinces have the smallest land base in the country and have been forced to make do with resources within. By comparison, the former colony of
1964:
The cause of economic malaise in the
Maritimes is an issue of great debate and controversy among historians, economists, and geographers. The differing opinions can approximately be divided into the "structuralists", who argue that poor policy decisions are to blame, and the others, who argue that
1602:
Map showing first languages in the Maritimes. Red represents a majority of Anglophones and less than 33% Francophones; Orange, a majority of Anglophones and more than 33% Francophones; Blue, a Francophone majority with less than 33% Anglophones; and green, a Francophone majority with more than 33%
2555:
Another factor related to the number of Senate seats is that a constitutional amendment in the early 20th century mandated that no province can have fewer Members of Parliament than it has senators. This court decision resulted from a complaint by the Government of Prince Edward Island after that
2059:
More controversial than the role of technology is the argument over the role of politics in the origins of the region's decline. Confederation and the tariff and railway freight policies that followed have often been blamed for having a deleterious effect on the Maritime economies. Arguments have
1968:
The exact date that the Maritimes began to fall behind the rest of Canada is difficult to determine. Historian Kris Inwood places the date very early, at least in Nova Scotia, finding clear signs that the Maritimes "Golden Age" of the mid-19th century was over by 1870, before Confederation or the
1955:
and antiques. Recent historians using census data have shown that is a fallacy. In 1851–1871 there was an overall increase in per capita wealth holding. However most of the gains went to the urban elite class, especially businessmen and financiers living in Halifax. The wealth held by the top 10%
1846:
Improvements in infrastructure and the regional economy notwithstanding, the three provinces remain one of the poorer regions of Canada. While urban areas are growing and thriving, economic adjustments have been harsh in rural and resource-dependent communities, and emigration has been an ongoing
981:
happened in 1710. Over the next forty-five years, the Acadians refused to sign an unconditional oath of allegiance to Britain. During this time period Acadians participated in various militia operations against the British and maintained vital supply lines to the French Fortress of Louisbourg and
2115:
Despite the region's absence of economic growth on the same scale as other parts of the nation, the Maritimes has changed markedly throughout the 20th century, partly as a result of global and national economic trends, and partly as a result of government intervention. Each sub-region within the
1729:
Given the small population of the region (compared with the Central Canadian provinces or the New England states), the regional economy is a net exporter of natural resources, manufactured goods, and services. The regional economy has long been tied to natural resources such as fishing, logging,
1349:
of the warm-summer subtype. Especially in coastal Nova Scotia, differences between summers and winters are narrow compared to the rest of Canada. The inland climate of New Brunswick is in stark contrast during winter, resembling more continental areas. Summers are somewhat tempered by the marine
1010:
within 15 years, this time by more than 27,000 British soldiers and sailors with over 150 warships. After the French surrender, Louisbourg was thoroughly destroyed by British engineers to ensure it would never be reclaimed. With the fall of Louisbourg, French and Mi'kmaw resistance in the region
2136:
are focused on the pulp and paper industry and some mining activity. Moncton was a centre for railways and has changed its focus to becoming a multi-modal transportation centre with associated manufacturing and retail interests. The Halifax metropolitan area has come to dominate peninsular Nova
726:
The growing English colonies along the American seaboard to the south and various European wars between England and France during the 17th and 18th centuries brought Acadia to the centre of world-scale geopolitical forces. In 1613, Virginian raiders captured Port-Royal, and in 1621 France ceded
2068:
The policies in the early years of Confederation were designed by Central Canadian interests, and they reflected the needs of that region. The unified Canadian market and the introduction of railroads created a relative weakness in the Maritime economies. Central to this concept, according to
1127:
British settlement of the Maritimes, as the colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island came to be known, accelerated throughout the late 18th century and into the 19th century with significant immigration to the region as a result of Scottish migrants displaced by the
1858:
to provide nationally mandated social services. Since the 1990s the region has experienced an exceptionally tumultuous period in its regional economy with the collapse of large portions of the ground fishery throughout Atlantic Canada, the closing of coal mines and a steel mill on
2523:
and regional transportation infrastructure such as airports, fishing harbours, seaports, and railways . The Liberals held onto seats in Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, while being shut out of Nova Scotia entirely, the second time in history (the only other time being the
1910:
While the economic underperformance of the Maritime economy has been long lasting, it has not always been present. The mid-19th century, especially the 1850s and 1860s, has long been seen as a "Golden Age" in the Maritimes. Growth was strong, and the region had one of
1096:
targeted unprotected shipping of both the United States and Britain respectively, further reducing trade. New Brunswick's section of the Canada–US border did not have any significant action during this conflict, although British forces did occupy a portion of coastal
2280:
The maritime provinces' main industry is fishing. Fishing can be found in any maritime province. This includes fishing for lobster, mackerel, tuna, salmon and many more kinds of fish. Oysters and salmonoid aquaculture is also increasingly important economically.
2168:, key to Quebec and Ontario's urban and manufacturing development, that the extraction costs of Maritime resources were higher (particularly in the case of Cape Breton coal), and that the soils of the region were poorer and thus the agricultural sector weaker.
1280:(BNA Act). Of the Maritime provinces, only Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were initially party to the BNA Act: Prince Edward Island's reluctance, combined with a booming agricultural and fishing export economy having led to that colony opting not to sign on.
2116:
Maritimes has developed over time to exploit different resources and expertise. Saint John became a centre of the timber trade and shipbuilding and is currently a centre for oil refining and some manufacturing. The northern New Brunswick communities of
2065:
structure helped undermine this growth. Capitalists from Central Canada purchased the factories and industries of the Maritimes from their bankrupt local owners and proceeded to close down many of them, consolidating the industry in Central Canada.
1951:, the population grew steadily from 277,000 in 1851 to 388,000 in 1871, mostly from natural increase since immigration was slight. The era has been called a Golden Age, but that was a myth created in the 1930s to lure tourists to a romantic era of
1679:
2543:
is structured along regional lines, giving an equal number of seats (24) to the Maritimes, Ontario, Quebec, and western Canada, in addition to the later entry of Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as the three territories. Enshrined in the
1978:, and that the Maritimes first fell behind the rest of Canada when the great boom period of the early 20th century had little effect on the region. E.R. Forbes, however, emphasizes that the precipitous decline did not occur until after the
2564:"stacked" the Senate by creating additional seats in several provinces across Canada, including New Brunswick; however, there was no attempt by these provinces to increase the number of MPs to reflect this change in Senate representation.
1900:
2012:
in the 1870s, removing a longstanding barrier to trade. For the first time this placed the Maritime manufacturers in direct competition with those of Central Canada. Maritime trading patterns shifted considerably from mainly trading with
792:
in 1667 that France's claim to the region was reaffirmed. Colonial administration by France throughout the history of Acadia was of low priority. France's priorities were in settling and strengthening its claim on the larger territory of
2156:
Given the geographic diversity of the various sub-regions within the Maritimes, policies to centralize the population and economy were not initially successful, thus Maritime factories closed while those in Ontario and Quebec prospered.
598:
are reported to have sailed in or near Maritime waters during their voyages of discovery for England and France, respectively. Several Portuguese explorers / cartographers have also documented various parts of the Maritimes, namely
1225:
The immense size of the Union Army (the largest on the planet toward the end of the Civil War), however, was viewed with increasing concern by Maritimers throughout the early 1860s. Another concern was the rising threat of
711:. Acadian settlements had primarily agrarian economies. Early examples of Acadian fishing settlements developed in southwestern Nova Scotia and in Île-Royale, as well as along the south and west coasts of Newfoundland, the
1011:
crumbled. British forces seized remaining French control over Acadia in the coming months, with Île-Saint-Jean falling in 1759 to British forces on their way to Quebec City for the first siege of Quebec and the ensuing
3687:
2008:
One of the most important changes, and one that almost certainly had an effect, was the revolution in transportation that occurred at this time. The Maritimes were connected to central Canada by the
2198:
was facilitated in part by Maritime taxpayers. The economic riches of energy and natural resources held within this larger land base were only realized by other provinces during the 20th century.
1042:. Île-Royale was renamed Cape Breton Island and incorporated into the Colony of Nova Scotia. Some of the Acadians who had been deported came back but went to the eastern coasts of New Brunswick.
719:
region of Quebec. Most Acadian fishing activities were overshadowed by the much larger seasonal European fishing fleets that were based out of Newfoundland and took advantage of proximity to the
2032:, and this industry was hurt by the change. The larger ships were also less likely to call on the smaller population centres such as Saint John and Halifax, preferring to travel to cities like
982:
Fort Beausejour. The British sought to neutralize any military threat Acadians posed and to interrupt the vital supply lines Acadians provided to Louisbourg by deporting Acadians from Acadia.
3960:
3697:
1265:, who had largely arrived at their own invitation with their own agenda. This agenda saw the conference dominated by discussions of creating an even larger union of the entire territory of
3838:
3025:
2060:
been made that the Maritimes' poverty was caused by control over policy by Central Canada which used the national structures for its own enrichment. This was the central view of the
1788:, pharmaceuticals, insurance and financial sectors—as well as research-related spin-offs from the region's numerous universities and colleges—are significant economic contributors.
2757:(book in French and English). The Acadians were scattered across the Atlantic, in the Thirteen Colonies, Louisiana, Quebec, Britain and France. (See Jean-François Mouhot (2009)
761:
regions of France, continued to populate the colony of Acadia during the latter part of the 17th and early part of the 18th centuries. Important settlements also began in the
3915:
2184:) and the western provinces were dozens of times larger and in some cases were expanded to take in territory formerly held in British Crown grants to companies such as the
607:
who made the first detailed reconnaissance of the region for a European power and, in so doing, claimed the region for the King of France. Cartier was followed by nobleman
2464:
In the 2004 federal election, the Conservatives had one of the worst showings in the region for a right-wing party, going back to Confederation, with the exception of the
942:
615:
in a 1604 expedition. During this they established the second permanent European settlement in what is now the United States and Canada, following Spain's settlement at
1088:
had some effect on the shipping industry in the Maritime colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Cape Breton Island; however, the significant
3692:
1776:
Some predominantly coastal areas have become major tourist centres, such as parts of Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton Island, the South Shore of Nova Scotia and the
2862:
Rural poverty is the theme of Rusty Bittermann, Robert A. Mackinnon, and Graeme Wynn, "Of inequality and interdependence in the Nova Scotian countryside, 1850–70",
4063:
2024:
Coincident with the construction of railways in the region, the age of the wooden sailing ship began to come to an end, being replaced by larger and faster steel
1297:
996:
1843:. There have been airport improvements at various centres providing improved connections to markets and destinations in the rest of North America and overseas.
1061:. The fort was partially overrun after a month-long siege, but the attackers were ultimately repelled after the arrival of British reinforcements from Halifax.
2985:
2965:
2491:
region of New Brunswick tends to vote for the Liberals or NDP for social political reasons, as well as treatment of the French by various parties. In the
511:
extended from 3,000 years ago until first contact with European settlers. This period was dominated by the organization of First Nations peoples into the
5342:
5201:
2980:
2341:
forest resources. Because of this, New Brunswickers tend to attribute their cultural heritage less with the sea and more with their forests and rivers.
177:
3075:
3045:
1924:
2416:
2655:
2441:(MPs) from New Brunswick, but most of the focus of the party at the federal and provincial levels is currently in the Halifax area of Nova Scotia.
1697:
2921:
1893:
1039:
728:
1939:
around the new nation. Throughout the period there was also significant technological change both in the production and transportation of goods.
1615:
The Maritimes were predominantly rural until recent decades, having resource-based economies of fishing, agriculture, forestry, and coal mining.
849:), natives from the Maritime region participated in numerous attacks with the French on the Acadia / New England border in southern Maine (e.g.,
338:. The Maritimes had a population of 1,899,324 in 2021, which makes up 5.1% of Canada's population. Together with Canada's easternmost province,
5335:
5221:
2055:
Major factories like this cotton mill in Marysville, near Fredericton, failed to compete with more centralized operations in Quebec and Ontario
1045:
Both the colonies of Nova Scotia (present-day Nova Scotia and New Brunswick) and St. John's Island (Prince Edward Island) were affected by the
740:
5330:
5264:
2720:
2697:
1289:
3000:
5325:
5289:
5228:
2446:
958:
458:
2315:
was written in PEI, and this attracts tourists to PEI. PEI is also known for its agriculture, mainly the potato, and fishing industries.
5318:
5313:
5259:
3474:
3104:
1982:
during the 1920s when new railway policies were implemented. Forbes also contends that significant Canadian defence spending during the
1863:, and the closure of military bases in all three provinces. That being said, New Brunswick has one of the largest military bases in the
323:
2137:
Scotia as a retail and service centre, but that province's industries were spread out from the coal and steel industries of industrial
5187:
4056:
3644:
3055:
2611:
882:
2995:
2990:
2975:
5528:
5269:
3413:
3070:
2786:
2768:
2754:
2458:
2394:
2259:
1994:, when major Maritime shipyards and factories, as well as Canada's largest steel mill, located in Cape Breton Island, fared poorly.
1350:
influence throughout the provinces, but due to the southerly parallels still remain similar to more continental areas further west.
1307:
133:
1101:
at one point. The most significant incident from this war which occurred in the Maritimes was the British capture and detention of
1799:, exploration activities began in the 1960s and resulted in the first commercial production field for oil beginning in the 1980s.
5284:
5274:
5216:
5194:
5177:
5172:
5091:
3996:
3950:
3614:
3050:
3020:
2109:
1758:
1338:
1050:
917:
878:
874:
5294:
5123:
4989:
4898:
4848:
3863:
3085:
2557:
2508:
1770:
1293:
1012:
770:
501:
1795:
exploration and development. Mostly concentrated on the continental shelf of the province's Atlantic coast in the vicinity of
5238:
3437:
2525:
2492:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2454:
2376:
2372:
2237:
2233:
1678:
1065:
909:
493:
71:
67:
1791:
Another important contribution to Nova Scotia's provincial economy is through spin-offs and royalties relating to off-shore
1696:
1242:. This combination of events, coupled with an ongoing decline in British military and economic support to the region as the
1092:
presence in Halifax and other ports in the region prevented any serious attempts by American raiders. Maritime and American
114:
531:, and the Mi'kmaq Nation, which inhabited all of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, eastern New Brunswick and the southern
445:
has historically been collectively applied to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, all of which border the
5548:
5533:
4049:
3511:
3314:
3065:
2085:
1361:, but winter nights are still cold even in all coastal areas. The northernmost areas of New Brunswick are only just above
1172:
1019:
866:
86:
1246:
favoured newer colonial endeavours in Africa and elsewhere, led to a call among Maritime politicians for a conference on
5581:
5233:
4858:
4585:
4290:
3587:
3562:
3494:
2955:
1835:(including the entire railway system of Prince Edward Island and southwestern Nova Scotia), and the construction of the
4715:
3986:
3567:
3442:
2914:
2150:
1947:
Several scholars have explored the so-called "Golden Age" of the Maritimes in the years just before Confederation. In
1823:
Regional transportation networks have also changed significantly in recent decades with port modernizations, with new
1766:
1730:
farming, and mining activities. Significant industrialization in the second half of the 19th century brought steel to
1703:
1658:
916:. The British returned control of Île-Royale to France with the fortress virtually intact three years later under the
720:
608:
587:
has been dated. They may have made further exploration into the present-day Maritimes and northeastern United States.
93:
1871:), which plays a significant role in the cultural and economic spheres of Fredericton, the province's capital city.
571:
After Newfoundland, the Maritimes were the second area in Canada to be settled by Europeans. There is evidence that
5652:
4893:
4878:
4176:
4161:
3930:
3884:
3722:
3577:
3501:
3402:
3386:
3090:
3060:
3030:
2121:
1548:
1168:
1046:
1007:
1000:
978:
932:
913:
870:
635:
off the southern American coast did not. The French settlement pre-dated the more successful English settlement at
1018:
The war ended and Britain had gained control over the entire Maritime region and the Indigenous people signed the
900:
on Île-Royale. Massachusetts was increasingly concerned over reports of the capabilities of this fortress, and of
809:
Over 74 years (1689–1763) there were six colonial wars, which involved continuous warfare between New England and
5279:
5211:
5182:
5167:
4903:
4828:
3828:
3780:
3746:
3484:
3319:
3216:
3141:
2836:
Julian Gwyn and Fazley Siddiq, "Wealth distribution in Nova Scotia during the Confederation era, 1851 and 1871",
2450:
2334:
2194:
2021:, to being focused on commerce with the Canadian interior, enforced by the federal government's tariff policies.
1824:
1460:
1346:
1315:
986:
962:
936:
822:
620:
584:
339:
315:
31:
5657:
4863:
4780:
4363:
4076:
3981:
3609:
3408:
3339:
3329:
3324:
3309:
2779:
A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from their American Homeland
2222:
2133:
2125:
2093:
2076:
were well-suited to benefit from the development of large-scale manufacturing and extensive railway systems in
2061:
1889:
1762:
1254:
858:
854:
382:
100:
5647:
5515:
5206:
5113:
4785:
4495:
4490:
3572:
3538:
3425:
3040:
2948:
2480:
2365:
2241:
2226:
2185:
2129:
1864:
1239:
1184:
1164:
946:
466:
60:
5642:
5603:
5492:
5299:
4888:
4691:
3976:
3920:
3908:
3898:
3803:
3773:
3624:
3594:
3582:
3543:
3479:
3420:
3376:
2907:
2545:
2442:
2412:
1948:
1916:
1785:
1570:
1275:
1269:
into a united colony. The Charlottetown Conference ended with an agreement to meet the following month in
1137:
1073:
1069:
954:
897:
814:
789:
616:
595:
386:
298:
277:
82:
2476:
the Liberal Party won every seat in the region, defeating all of the Conservative (and NDP) challengers.
5585:
5449:
5369:
5012:
4908:
4517:
3651:
3533:
3489:
3447:
3432:
3182:
2512:
2500:
2499:'s Liberals endured a bitter defeat to the PCs and NDP in many ridings as a result of unpopular cuts to
2101:
2009:
2001:
1912:
1855:
1685:
1635:
1634:. New Brunswick, in general, differs from the other two Maritime provinces in that it has a much higher
1526:
1351:
1266:
1102:
990:
970:
700:
556:
374:
842:
580:
2777:, Paris, Hachette, 1936). Very few eventually returned to Nova Scotia (See John Mack Faragher (2005).
2437:(NDP) has made significant inroads both federally and provincially in the region. The NDP has elected
1919:, with Prince Edward Island joining them six years later in 1873. Canada was formed only a year after
5459:
4430:
4148:
3756:
3739:
3729:
3671:
3666:
3393:
3363:
3156:
2532:
2504:
2438:
2434:
2311:
2304:
1840:
1777:
1750:
1731:
1394:
1303:
1078:
1035:
924:
905:
889:
850:
838:
766:
696:
688:
462:
358:
335:
287:
217:
204:
2849:
Julian Gwyn, "Golden Age or Bronze Moment? Wealth and Poverty in Nova Scotia: The 1850s and 1860s",
2823:
Ian McKay, "History and the Tourist Gaze: The Politics of Commemoration in Nova Scotia, 1935–1964",
2528:). In 2015 the Liberals won every seat in The Maritimes, defeating Conservative and NDP incumbents.
5108:
4768:
4705:
4681:
4512:
4373:
4319:
4260:
4231:
4171:
4166:
3843:
3761:
3717:
3656:
3469:
3349:
3206:
2641:
2484:
2272:
2051:
1662:
1416:
1273:, where more formal discussions ensued, culminating with meetings in London and the signing of the
1257:, as it came to be called, was also attended by a slew of visiting delegates from the neighbouring
1129:
1098:
1031:
974:
862:
758:
636:
624:
612:
4041:
2802:
5396:
5017:
4980:
4853:
4299:
4221:
4181:
4156:
3858:
3734:
3661:
3599:
3506:
3460:
3381:
3344:
3268:
2726:
2520:
2181:
2173:
2138:
2089:
1860:
1805:
1742:
1619:
1262:
1235:
1156:
1121:
893:
692:
644:
512:
2689:
2683:
1054:
993:
in 1775. Over the next nine years over 12,000 Acadians of 15,000 were removed from Nova Scotia.
904:
staging out of its harbour to raid New England fishermen on the Grand Banks. In the fourth war,
846:
712:
667:, led to the fertile tidal marshes surrounding the southeastern and northeastern reaches of the
532:
370:
1152:) having been widely spoken, particularly in Cape Breton, although it is less prevalent today.
5477:
5096:
4918:
4883:
4744:
4739:
4720:
4529:
4356:
4116:
3955:
3925:
3873:
3833:
3823:
3795:
3768:
3604:
3550:
3525:
3300:
3244:
3234:
3011:
2938:
2782:
2764:
2750:
2716:
2708:
2693:
2679:
2488:
1928:
1884:
1627:
1598:
1362:
1124:
was merged back into the Colony of Nova Scotia for the second time by the British government.
798:
762:
4393:
381:
has been proposed at various times in Canada's history; the first discussions in 1864 at the
5558:
5553:
5543:
5472:
5149:
5103:
5046:
4975:
4833:
4727:
4676:
4654:
4507:
4454:
3991:
3868:
3818:
3813:
3397:
3126:
3080:
2621:
2581:
2540:
2496:
2431:
2420:
2189:
2165:
2146:
1970:
1746:
2457:, the NDP captured 28.45% of the vote in Nova Scotia, more than any other province. In the
107:
5444:
4945:
4933:
4913:
4868:
4818:
4758:
4700:
4661:
4649:
4642:
4551:
4368:
4351:
4326:
4029:
3848:
3785:
3751:
3555:
3280:
3258:
3253:
2616:
2549:
1975:
1932:
1754:
1650:
1643:
1639:
1623:
1355:
1145:
785:
781:
746:
628:
604:
343:
166:
38:
818:
1171:
had deteriorated after some interests in Britain expressed support for the secessionist
1140:(1845–1849). As a result, significant portions of the three provinces are influenced by
5589:
5538:
5437:
5401:
5381:
5364:
5304:
5068:
4960:
4938:
4928:
4923:
4775:
4753:
4637:
4632:
4617:
4612:
4539:
4485:
4437:
4408:
4314:
4304:
3903:
3853:
3275:
3263:
3229:
3035:
2668:
John Grenier, Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia 1710–1760. Oklahoma Press. 2008
2561:
2468:. The Conservative party improved its seat count in the 2008 and elected 13 MPs in the
2161:
1987:
1836:
1654:
1369:
Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected locations in The Maritimes
1247:
1149:
1133:
632:
540:
485:
446:
421:
The Maritimes: New Brunswick (green), Nova Scotia (blue) and Prince Edward Island (red)
390:
378:
350:
319:
2108:. Prince Edward Island's only significant population centres are in Charlottetown and
1721:
1334:
5636:
5563:
5432:
5424:
5391:
5128:
5078:
4970:
4965:
4955:
4800:
4763:
4671:
4666:
4568:
4473:
4017:
3371:
3136:
2789:
2595:
2324:
2142:
2105:
2045:
2033:
1904:
1851:
1828:
1816:
1738:
1504:
1323:
1231:
1058:
784:. Acadians lived with uncertainty throughout the English constitutional crises under
684:
544:
524:
470:
402:
354:
327:
194:
2730:
1219:
Joseph Howe and Charles Tupper competed politically on the question of confederation
1068:
refugees in the region (34,000 to the 17,000 settlers already there), especially in
679:. The Acadians eventually built small settlements throughout what is today mainland
294:
273:
5467:
5406:
5386:
5376:
5086:
5058:
4808:
4546:
4480:
4449:
4398:
4270:
4199:
4136:
4126:
3808:
3239:
3166:
2029:
1983:
1868:
1796:
1781:
1668:
There are Mi'kmaq reserves in all three provinces, and a smaller population of the
1358:
1258:
1227:
834:
668:
552:
548:
2680:"Indian-White Relations in Nova Scotia, 1749-61: A Study in Political Interaction"
1811:
1195:
716:
496:, the term used for First Nations peoples of the time. Evidence of Archaic Indian
441:"sea". Thus any land adjacent to the sea can be considered maritime. But the term
1183:
and no threat to the Maritimes, did posture off Maritime coasts at times chasing
5523:
5482:
5118:
5007:
4950:
4873:
4823:
4710:
4686:
4575:
4413:
4331:
4309:
4285:
4131:
4121:
3334:
3146:
2642:"Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, 2021 Census"
2516:
2424:
2407:
Maritime conservatism since the Second World War has been very much part of the
2354:
2290:
2211:
2177:
2041:
2014:
1997:
1979:
1832:
1800:
1438:
1319:
1270:
1243:
1159:, a significant number of Maritimers volunteered to fight for the armies of the
1085:
830:
777:
680:
639:
in present-day Virginia by three years. Champlain was considered the founder of
600:
362:
331:
199:
49:
2746:
Du Grand Dérangement à la Déportation : Nouvelles Perspectives Historiques
1187:
which sought repairs and reprovisioning in Maritime ports, especially Halifax.
1064:
The most significant impact from this war was the settling of large numbers of
5053:
5022:
4843:
4838:
4502:
4463:
4425:
4343:
4216:
4101:
4096:
2970:
2760:
Les Réfugiés acadiens en France (1758–1785) : L'Impossible Réintégration?
2604:
2571:
2153:. Prince Edward Island is largely dominated by farming, fishing, and tourism.
2117:
1991:
1920:
1180:
1176:
1160:
1089:
928:
794:
640:
591:
394:
5618:
5605:
5500:
5159:
5133:
5063:
5041:
5034:
4813:
4590:
4524:
4420:
4243:
4226:
4111:
4106:
4080:
3639:
2097:
2048:, stopped making more than a single ceremonial voyage to Halifax each year.
2025:
2018:
1952:
1792:
1607:
1093:
901:
488:
from the melting glaciers in polar regions. This is when what is called the
353:
coast, various aquatic sub-basins are located in the Maritimes, such as the
268:
1899:
17:
5027:
4627:
4563:
4534:
4444:
4403:
4211:
4191:
3893:
3131:
2408:
2037:
1669:
1631:
826:
773:
valley, as well as smaller communities on Île-Saint-Jean and Île-Royale.
754:
750:
704:
674:
536:
484:, starting 6,000 years ago, and ending 3,000 years ago, was dominated by
406:
398:
2329:
2149:, and the fishing industry was primarily focused on the South Shore and
1207:
619:
in present-day Florida in the American South. Champlain's settlement at
4999:
4732:
4622:
4580:
4468:
4280:
4275:
4204:
3187:
3151:
3121:
2379: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2081:
2073:
1965:
unavoidable technological and geographical factors caused the decline.
1482:
1311:
1109:
745:
The Port Royale settlement was moved to the site of nearby present-day
576:
572:
560:
520:
516:
497:
258:
551:. The Mi'kmaq Nation is also believed to have crossed the present-day
417:
5505:
4604:
4558:
4265:
4252:
3161:
2930:
2077:
1936:
1354:
in Nova Scotia has significant marine influence to have a borderline
810:
797:
and the exploration and settlement of interior North America and the
708:
662:
648:
643:'s province of Canada, which comprises much of the present-day lower
547:
Nation inhabited the northwestern coastal regions of the present-day
366:
2894:
5413:
5356:
5251:
4790:
4088:
4072:
3192:
2774:
Les Exilés Acadiens en France et leur établissement dans le Poitou
2328:
2271:
2050:
1996:
1898:
1883:
1810:
1784:
coasts of New Brunswick. Additional service-related industries in
1720:
1646:
recorded Celtic traditions of rural Nova Scotia in the mid-1900s.
1606:
1597:
1333:
1141:
995:
941:
528:
416:
2449:(and later NDP) MPs, and even produced many early members of the
2295:
Nova Scotia is very strong in agriculture, forestry and fishing.
519:
Nation, which occupied territory largely in present-day interior
461:
begins after the northerly retreat of glaciers at the end of the
4385:
1077:
Cape Breton Island. The Colony of St. John's Island was renamed
977:), the military conflicts in Nova Scotia continued. The British
4045:
2903:
2461:
the NDP formed a majority government, the first in the region.
738:
By 1632, Acadia was returned from Scotland to France under the
30:
This article is about the Canadian region. For other uses, see
2348:
2205:
1854:
in Canada since the 1950s, resulting in the need to draw upon
1850:
This has been particularly problematic with the growth of the
1831:
construction, the abandonment of various low-capacity railway
631:), survived. By contrast, the ill-fated English settlement at
43:
2889:
817:
reflecting English and French tensions in Europe, as well as
2552:; however, such a move would entail constitutional changes.
2445:
has historically been a region of labour activism, electing
951:
A View of the Plundering and Burning of the City of Grimross
2685:
The Acadiensis Reader: Atlantic Canada Before Confederation
671:
being populated by French immigrants who called themselves
659:
Champlain's success in the region, which came to be called
2879:
2483:
has done well in the Maritimes in the past because of its
825:). Throughout these wars, New England was allied with the
2899:
2682:. In P.A. Buckner; Gail G. Campbell; David Frank (eds.).
2069:
Acheson, was the lack of metropolises in the Maritimes.
853:). New England retaliatory raids on Acadia, such as the
1969:
National Policy could have had any significant impact.
961:
in 1758. This is the only contemporaneous image of the
888:
In 1719, to further protect strategic interests in the
1737:
Important manufacturing centres in the region include
1618:
Maritimers are predominantly of west European origin:
182:
The Maritime provinces (red) within the rest of Canada
2884:
2503:
for seasonal workers, as well as closures of several
1057:) in 1776 by a force of American sympathizers led by
923:
In 1749, to counter the rising threat of Louisbourg,
749:. More French immigrant settlers, primarily from the
2608:, scholarly history journal covering Atlantic Canada
873:, while the region remained primarily in control of
555:
at around this time to settle on the south coast of
543:
valleys of present-day New Brunswick and Maine. The
5514:
5491:
5458:
5422:
5355:
5249:
5157:
5148:
5077:
4998:
4799:
4603:
4384:
4342:
4251:
4242:
4190:
4147:
4087:
3969:
3943:
3882:
3794:
3710:
3680:
3632:
3623:
3524:
3458:
3362:
3298:
3214:
3205:
3175:
3114:
3103:
3009:
2946:
2937:
2895:
Atlantic Canada Portal/Portail du Canada Atlantique
2145:counties, the mixed farming of the North Shore and
1804:and is moving farther off-shore into waters on the
896:, France began the 20-year construction of a large
539:Nation settled throughout the Saint John River and
284:
267:
257:
249:
241:
236:
228:
223:
213:
187:
153:
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1034:, empty Acadian lands were settled first by 8,000
409:and British settlements date to the 17th century.
2709:"1744–1763: Colonial Wars and Aboriginal Peoples"
2507:, the refusal to honour a promise to rescind the
1935:was implemented, creating a system of protective
920:and the French reestablished their forces there.
611:, who was accompanied by explorer / cartographer
2803:"National Climate Data and Information Archive"
2713:The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History
342:, the Maritime provinces make up the region of
2531:The Maritimes is currently represented in the
2188:; in particular the November 19, 1869 sale of
1298:List of municipalities in Prince Edward Island
405:people are indigenous to the Maritimes, while
232:130,017.11 km (50,199.89 sq mi)
4057:
2915:
2088:, but a contracting population in industrial
969:During the sixth and final colonial war, the
425:The word maritime is an adjective that means
365:in the United States, south and southeast of
8:
2772:
2758:
2749:, Moncton: Université de Moncton, 465 pages
2744:
2715:. University of Toronto Press. p. 144.
2309:Tourism is important to the economy of PEI.
1302:The major communities of the region include
672:
660:
158:
2840:, December 1992, Vol. 73 Issue 4, pp 435–52
2711:. In Phillip Buckner; John G. Reid (eds.).
2688:(3rd ed.). Acadiensis Press. pp.
2240:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2028:. The Maritimes had long been a centre for
1923:with the United States (in the form of the
1661:. This Maritime population is mainly among
1611:Halifax skyline from Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
1008:Louisbourg was laid siege for a second time
912:), the British engaged successfully in the
559:, but they were a minority compared to the
500:and other ceremonial sites existing in the
465:over 10,000 years ago; human settlement by
436:
430:
5154:
4248:
4064:
4050:
4042:
3879:
3629:
3455:
3211:
3111:
2986:World wars and interwar period (1914–1945)
2943:
2922:
2908:
2900:
2827:, Spring 1993, Vol. 22 Issue 2, pp 102–138
1688:Skyline of Saint John, New Brunswick, 2002
1367:
1345:In spite of its name, The Maritimes has a
150:
2395:Learn how and when to remove this message
2260:Learn how and when to remove this message
1986:favoured powerful political interests in
1179:, although much smaller than the British
1072:and Parrtown (Saint John). Following the
579:region around 1000 AD, which is when the
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
2453:in the pre-Second World War era. In the
837:. Acadian settlers were allied with the
575:explorers discovered and settled in the
2633:
2411:tradition, key influences being former
266:
256:
235:
222:
174:
2866:, March 1993, Vol. 74 Issue 1, pp 1–43
2805:. Environment Canada. October 31, 2011
2192:to the Government of Canada under the
3688:Metropolitan areas and agglomerations
1290:List of municipalities in Nova Scotia
459:pre-history of the Canadian Maritimes
361:. The region is located northeast of
283:
248:
240:
227:
212:
186:
7:
2885:Atlantic Institute of Market Studies
2447:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
2377:adding citations to reliable sources
2238:adding citations to reliable sources
1365:with very cold continental winters.
780:attacked Acadian settlements on the
72:adding citations to reliable sources
3961:Topics by provinces and territories
2890:Genuine Progress Indicator Atlantic
2880:Atlantic Provinces Economic Council
2781:, New York: W.W. Norton, 562 pages
2305:Prince Edward Island § Economy
1659:black refugees from the War of 1812
1163:, while a small handful joined the
973:(the North American theatre of the
931:established a major naval base and
908:(the North American theatre of the
865:(the North American theatre of the
845:(the North American theatre of the
2612:Maritime Film Classification Board
2423:and New Brunswick Tory strategist
935:. The founding of Halifax sparked
603:. However, it was French explorer
389:. This movement formed the larger
25:
2092:, and several smaller centres in
1761:in Prince Edward Island, and the
1706:Skyline of Moncton, New Brunswick
477:, ending around 6,000 years ago.
435:"of the sea, near the sea", from
373:, and southwest of the island of
5577:
5576:
4904:West South Central United States
4024:
4023:
4011:
2851:Canadian Papers in Rural History
2656:"Introduction - Atlantic Canada"
2588:
2574:
2353:
2210:
1757:area in Nova Scotia, as well as
1695:
1677:
1206:
1194:
176:
48:
5124:Latin America and the Caribbean
4990:Latin America and the Caribbean
3046:Former colonies and territories
2364:needs additional citations for
1903:Maritime-born shipping magnate
1638:. There was once a significant
1294:List of cities in New Brunswick
1013:Battle of the Plains of Abraham
741:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
695:), and other shorelines of the
59:needs additional citations for
2981:Post-Confederation (1867–1914)
2763:, Quebec, Septentrion, 456 p.
2743:Ronnie-Gilles LeBlanc (2005).
2707:Patterson, Stephen E. (1994).
2678:Patterson, Stephen E. (1998).
2417:Progressive Conservative Party
2176:(divided into the District of
1653:who are mostly descendants of
910:War of the Austrian Succession
1:
869:), the British conducted the
867:War of the Spanish Succession
687:, as well as Île-Saint-Jean (
4586:Middle East and North Africa
4291:Middle East and North Africa
2325:New Brunswick § Economy
469:began in the Maritimes with
3026:Crown and Indigenous people
2044:, founded by Maritime-born
1672:in western New Brunswick.
788:, and it was not until the
609:Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons
504:valley has been uncovered.
5674:
4879:Northeastern United States
3916:Provincial and territorial
3839:Inventions and discoveries
2976:British Canada (1763–1867)
2864:Canadian Historical Review
2853:, 1992, Vol. 8, pp 195–230
2838:Canadian Historical Review
2550:calls to reform the Senate
2322:
2302:
2291:Nova Scotia § Economy
2288:
1927:) had ended. In the 1870s
1287:
1047:American Revolutionary War
1001:Siege of Louisbourg (1758)
829:based around the southern
765:region of the present-day
647:valley in the province of
36:
29:
5572:
4005:
3142:Newfoundland and Labrador
2511:, cutbacks to provincial
2451:Communist Party of Canada
2335:Saint John, New Brunswick
1773:valley of New Brunswick.
1347:humid continental climate
1326:in Prince Edward Island.
1276:British North America Act
1230:on border communities in
1148:(and to a lesser degree,
1051:attack on Fort Cumberland
1006:In 1758, the fortress of
987:Expulsion of the Acadians
963:Expulsion of the Acadians
918:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
585:Newfoundland and Labrador
535:. The primarily agrarian
340:Newfoundland and Labrador
175:
32:Maritime (disambiguation)
27:Region of Atlantic Canada
5365:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
4364:Transantarctic Mountains
2521:post-secondary education
2459:2009 provincial election
2062:Maritime Rights Movement
1890:Charlottetown Conference
1284:Major population centres
1255:Charlottetown Conference
383:Charlottetown Conference
37:Not to be confused with
5114:Caribbean South America
3076:Persons of significance
3071:National Historic Sites
2771:; Ernest Martin (1936)
2481:Liberal Party of Canada
2333:Pulp and paper mill in
1865:Commonwealth of Nations
1240:British rule in Ireland
1185:Confederate naval ships
1120:In 1820, the Colony of
1038:and then by immigrants
947:St. John River Campaign
4889:Southern United States
4692:Scandinavian Peninsula
2971:New France (1534–1763)
2773:
2759:
2745:
2558:Goods and Services Tax
2509:Goods and Services Tax
2443:Industrial Cape Breton
2413:Premier of Nova Scotia
2337:
2277:
2195:Rupert's Land Act 1868
2180:, and the District of
2056:
2005:
1907:
1896:
1820:
1786:information technology
1726:
1636:Francophone population
1612:
1604:
1342:
1322:in New Brunswick, and
1081:on November 29, 1798.
1040:brought from Yorkshire
1003:
985:The British began the
966:
955:Arcadia, New Brunswick
937:Father Le Loutre's War
898:fortress at Louisbourg
823:Father Le Loutre's War
815:French and Indian Wars
776:In 1654, raiders from
715:, and the present-day
673:
661:
596:Giovanni da Verrazzano
437:
431:
422:
387:Canadian Confederation
159:
5370:Antarctic Convergence
4909:Western United States
3183:Northwest Territories
3086:Territorial evolution
2513:equalization payments
2505:Canadian Forces bases
2501:unemployment benefits
2493:1997 federal election
2455:2004 federal election
2439:members of parliament
2430:In recent years, the
2332:
2275:
2054:
2010:Intercolonial Railway
2000:
1913:British North America
1902:
1887:
1856:equalization payments
1814:
1725:Fredericton City Hall
1724:
1642:speaking population.
1610:
1601:
1584:−1 / −10
1562:−9 / −20
1518:−3 / −12
1496:−3 / −14
1474:−2 / −13
1452:−4 / −15
1337:
1267:British North America
999:
991:Bay of Fundy campaign
971:French and Indian War
945:
861:. In the second war,
729:Sir William Alexander
727:Acadia to Scotland's
420:
286: • Summer (
253:15/km (38/sq mi)
4431:Greater Central Asia
3157:Prince Edward Island
2731:10.3138/j.ctt15jjfrm
2658:. February 12, 2010.
2435:New Democratic Party
2373:improve this article
2312:Anne of Green Gables
2299:Prince Edward Island
2234:improve this section
2186:Hudson's Bay Company
2166:hydro-electric power
1841:Confederation Bridge
1778:Gulf of St. Lawrence
1732:Trenton, Nova Scotia
1587:30 / 14
1578:26 / 14
1565:16 / −4
1556:23 / 10
1543:34 / 19
1534:21 / 12
1521:27 / 10
1512:23 / 14
1509:Prince Edward Island
1490:24 / 13
1468:22 / 11
1446:25 / 13
1433:30 / 16
1430:−1 / −9
1424:23 / 12
1411:32 / 18
1402:23 / 14
1339:Köppen climate types
1079:Prince Edward Island
1036:New England Planters
927:was founded and the
890:Gulf of St. Lawrence
857:, were conducted by
851:Raid on Salmon Falls
841:. In the first war,
839:Wabanaki Confederacy
827:Iroquois Confederacy
767:Isthmus of Chignecto
697:Gulf of St. Lawrence
689:Prince Edward Island
490:Laurentian tradition
463:Wisconsin glaciation
359:Gulf of St. Lawrence
336:Prince Edward Island
322:consisting of three
250: • Density
205:Prince Edward Island
68:improve this article
5615: /
5582:Continents of Earth
5109:Brazilian Highlands
4513:Indian subcontinent
4374:Antarctic Peninsula
4172:Southern Hemisphere
4167:Northern Hemisphere
3512:Firearms regulation
2644:. February 9, 2022.
2533:Canadian Parliament
2017:, Britain, and the
1815:Peakes Quay on the
1663:Black Nova Scotians
1581:79 / 57
1559:73 / 50
1540:1 / −7
1537:70 / 54
1515:73 / 57
1499:27 / 7
1493:75 / 55
1477:28 / 9
1471:72 / 52
1455:25 / 5
1449:77 / 55
1427:73 / 54
1408:0 / −8
1405:73 / 57
1370:
1130:Highland Clearances
1026:American Revolution
914:Siege of Louisbourg
821:(Dummer's War) and
613:Samuel de Champlain
5397:Great Barrier Reef
5018:Mainland Australia
4182:Western Hemisphere
4157:Eastern Hemisphere
3693:Population centres
2472:. However, in the
2338:
2278:
2174:Province of Canada
2090:Cape Breton County
2057:
2006:
1943:Reputed Golden Age
1925:Reciprocity Treaty
1908:
1897:
1861:Cape Breton Island
1821:
1806:continental margin
1727:
1620:Scottish Canadians
1613:
1605:
1368:
1343:
1263:Province of Canada
1236:Fenian Brotherhood
1157:American Civil War
1138:Great Irish Famine
1122:Cape Breton Island
1004:
979:Conquest of Acadia
967:
894:St. Lawrence River
871:Conquest of Acadia
843:King William's War
693:Cape Breton Island
645:St. Lawrence River
621:Saint Croix Island
581:L'Anse aux Meadows
423:
391:Dominion of Canada
377:. The notion of a
349:Located along the
312:Maritime provinces
310:, also called the
242: • Total
229: • Total
5653:Regions of Canada
5598:
5597:
5478:Mediterranean Rim
5351:
5350:
5290:Mediterranean Sea
5144:
5143:
5097:Amazon Rainforest
4919:Canadian Prairies
4884:Pacific Northwest
4745:Iberian Peninsula
4721:Italian Peninsula
4530:Arabian Peninsula
4357:Antarctic Plateau
4117:Three/Four Worlds
4039:
4038:
4018:Canada portal
3939:
3938:
3706:
3705:
3520:
3519:
3475:Political parties
3443:Foreign relations
3358:
3357:
3245:Canadian Prairies
3235:Pacific Northwest
3201:
3200:
3099:
3098:
3056:Foreign relations
2722:978-1-4875-1676-5
2699:978-0-919107-44-1
2560:, Prime Minister
2526:Diefenbaker sweep
2495:, Prime Minister
2489:Acadian Peninsula
2432:social democratic
2405:
2404:
2397:
2270:
2269:
2262:
1929:John A. Macdonald
1905:Sir Samuel Cunard
1888:Delegates of the
1628:English Canadians
1591:
1590:
1173:Confederate South
906:King George's War
855:Raid on Chignecto
819:Father Rale's War
799:Mississippi River
731:, who renamed it
623:, later moved to
594:(John Cabot) and
486:rising sea levels
305:
304:
144:
143:
136:
118:
16:(Redirected from
5665:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5580:
5579:
5559:Global Southwest
5554:Global Southeast
5544:Global Northwest
5539:Global Northeast
5529:Global Heartland
5473:Indian Ocean Rim
5155:
5047:Island Melanesia
4733:Balkan Peninsula
4508:Himalayan states
4455:Russian Far East
4249:
4177:Water Hemisphere
4066:
4059:
4052:
4043:
4027:
4026:
4016:
4015:
4014:
3880:
3723:Higher education
3630:
3615:Science and tech
3502:Multiculturalism
3456:
3438:Local government
3403:House of Commons
3387:Governor General
3223:
3212:
3127:British Columbia
3112:
2966:Pre-colonization
2944:
2924:
2917:
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2622:Maritime Archaic
2598:
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2592:
2591:
2584:
2582:Geography portal
2579:
2578:
2577:
2541:Senate of Canada
2421:Robert Stanfield
2400:
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2357:
2349:
2276:Halifax Shipyard
2265:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2214:
2206:
2160:The traditional
2147:Annapolis Valley
1984:Second World War
1960:Economic decline
1894:Government House
1892:on the steps of
1829:arterial highway
1771:Saint John River
1747:Annapolis Valley
1699:
1681:
1371:
1341:of the Maritimes
1310:in Nova Scotia,
1210:
1198:
1165:Confederate Army
1144:heritages, with
1032:Seven Years' War
1020:Halifax Treaties
975:Seven Years' War
875:Maliseet militia
863:Queen Anne's War
833:and west of the
771:Saint John River
678:
666:
567:European contact
502:Saint John River
440:
434:
291:
180:
170:
162:
151:
139:
132:
128:
125:
119:
117:
76:
52:
44:
21:
5673:
5672:
5668:
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5666:
5664:
5663:
5662:
5658:Atlantic Canada
5633:
5632:
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5617:
5614:
5609:
5606:
5604:
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5601:
5599:
5594:
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5487:
5454:
5418:
5347:
5336:South China Sea
5245:
5188:Central America
5140:
5073:
4994:
4946:Northern Mexico
4934:Northern Canada
4914:Atlantic Canada
4869:Mountain states
4795:
4650:European Russia
4643:Southern Russia
4599:
4552:Iranian Plateau
4380:
4369:West Antarctica
4352:East Antarctica
4338:
4238:
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4162:Land Hemisphere
4143:
4083:
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4001:
3965:
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3878:
3790:
3781:Social programs
3747:Law enforcement
3702:
3676:
3619:
3516:
3454:
3354:
3294:
3281:Atlantic Canada
3259:Canadian Shield
3254:Northern Canada
3221:
3220:
3197:
3171:
3107:and territories
3106:
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2639:
2635:
2630:
2617:Maritime Quebec
2594:
2589:
2587:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2485:interventionist
2401:
2390:
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2381:
2370:
2358:
2347:
2327:
2321:
2307:
2301:
2293:
2287:
2266:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2231:
2215:
2204:
1980:First World War
1976:Long Depression
1962:
1945:
1933:National Policy
1882:
1877:
1755:Strait of Canso
1719:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1655:Black Loyalists
1651:Black Canadians
1644:Helen Creighton
1640:Canadian Gaelic
1624:Irish Canadians
1596:
1332:
1300:
1288:Main articles:
1286:
1238:seeking to end
1223:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1146:Scottish Gaelic
1118:
1074:Treaty of Paris
1055:Fort Beauséjour
1028:
883:Mi'kmaw militia
859:Benjamin Church
847:Nine Years' War
807:
790:Treaty of Breda
786:Oliver Cromwell
782:Annapolis Basin
747:Annapolis Royal
713:Gaspé Peninsula
699:in present-day
691:), Île-Royale (
657:
629:Annapolis Royal
605:Jacques Cartier
592:Giovanni Caboto
569:
494:Archaic Indians
455:
415:
385:contributed to
371:Gaspé Peninsula
344:Atlantic Canada
285:
209:
183:
171:
164:
156:
149:
140:
129:
123:
120:
83:"The Maritimes"
77:
75:
65:
53:
42:
39:Atlantic Canada
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5671:
5669:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5648:Eastern Canada
5645:
5635:
5634:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5590:Physical Earth
5573:
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5409:
5404:
5402:Mariana Trench
5399:
5389:
5384:
5382:Atlantic Ocean
5379:
5374:
5373:
5372:
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5359:
5353:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5343:Southern Ocean
5340:
5339:
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5333:
5331:East China Sea
5323:
5322:
5321:
5311:
5310:
5309:
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5265:Atlantic Ocean
5262:
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5072:
5071:
5069:Remote Oceania
5066:
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5050:
5049:
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4996:
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4987:
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4985:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4939:Western Canada
4936:
4931:
4929:Eastern Canada
4926:
4924:Central Canada
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
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4778:
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4751:
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4708:
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4679:
4674:
4669:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4638:South Caucasus
4635:
4633:North Caucasus
4625:
4615:
4609:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4573:
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4543:
4542:
4540:South Caucasus
4532:
4522:
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4510:
4500:
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4457:
4442:
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4440:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4409:Aralkum Desert
4406:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4348:
4346:
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4339:
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4234:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4200:Africa-Eurasia
4196:
4194:
4188:
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3989:
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3982:Historiography
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3698:Municipalities
3695:
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3684:
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3610:Transportation
3607:
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3595:Stock exchange
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3563:Communications
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3417:
3416:
3409:Prime Minister
3406:
3400:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3379:
3374:
3368:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
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3337:
3332:
3330:National Parks
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3276:Eastern Canada
3273:
3272:
3271:
3264:Central Canada
3261:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3230:Western Canada
3226:
3224:
3222:(west to east)
3209:
3203:
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3199:
3198:
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3021:Constitutional
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2882:
2875:
2874:External links
2872:
2869:
2868:
2855:
2842:
2829:
2816:
2794:
2790:online excerpt
2736:
2721:
2698:
2670:
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2629:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2619:
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2609:
2600:
2599:
2585:
2569:
2566:
2562:Brian Mulroney
2487:policies. The
2403:
2402:
2361:
2359:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2323:Main article:
2320:
2317:
2303:Main article:
2300:
2297:
2289:Main article:
2286:
2283:
2268:
2267:
2250:September 2017
2218:
2216:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2162:staples thesis
1988:Central Canada
1974:of the global
1961:
1958:
1944:
1941:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1837:Canso Causeway
1769:and the upper
1718:
1717:Present status
1715:
1713:
1710:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1684:
1683:
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1328:
1285:
1282:
1248:Maritime Union
1218:
1217:
1212:
1205:
1204:
1201:Charles Tupper
1200:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1169:Unionist North
1117:
1114:
1108:, an American
1030:Following the
1027:
1024:
879:Acadia militia
806:
803:
656:
653:
633:Roanoke Colony
583:settlement in
568:
565:
541:Allagash River
492:started among
454:
451:
447:Atlantic Ocean
414:
411:
379:Maritime Union
320:Eastern Canada
303:
302:
292:
282:
281:
271:
265:
264:
261:
255:
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251:
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
208:
207:
202:
197:
191:
189:
185:
184:
181:
173:
172:
157:
154:
147:
142:
141:
56:
54:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5670:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5643:The Maritimes
5641:
5640:
5638:
5631:
5628:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5575:
5574:
5571:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5392:Pacific Ocean
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5326:Pacific Ocean
5324:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5312:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5280:Caribbean Sea
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5248:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5223:
5222:by population
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5196:
5195:South America
5193:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5178:North America
5176:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5129:Southern Cone
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5104:Andean States
5102:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5079:South America
5076:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4988:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4801:North America
4798:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4764:Low Countries
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4740:South-western
4738:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4728:South-eastern
4726:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4706:Mediterranean
4704:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4672:British Isles
4670:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4569:Levantine Sea
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4261:Mediterranean
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4067:
4062:
4060:
4055:
4053:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4032:
4031:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4008:
4007:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:Protectionism
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3539:Dairy farming
3537:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3426:Supreme Court
3424:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3287:
3286:The Maritimes
3284:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3137:New Brunswick
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3102:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3041:First Nations
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2787:0-393-05135-8
2784:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2769:2-89448-513-1
2766:
2761:
2756:
2755:1-897214-02-2
2752:
2747:
2740:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2674:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2596:Canada portal
2586:
2583:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:Jean Chrétien
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2474:2015 election
2471:
2470:2011 election
2467:
2466:1993 election
2462:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2399:
2396:
2388:
2385:February 2008
2378:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2362:This section
2360:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2319:New Brunswick
2318:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2284:
2282:
2274:
2264:
2261:
2253:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2219:This section
2217:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2190:Rupert's Land
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2151:Eastern Shore
2148:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2106:Pictou County
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2072:Montreal and
2070:
2066:
2063:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2046:Samuel Cunard
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1971:Richard Caves
1966:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:Confederation
1914:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1852:welfare state
1848:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1817:Charlottetown
1813:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1739:Pictou County
1735:
1733:
1723:
1716:
1711:
1704:
1698:
1686:
1680:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1609:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1553:New Brunswick
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:Charlottetown
1503:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1487:New Brunswick
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1465:New Brunswick
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1443:New Brunswick
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1389:January (°F)
1388:
1386:January (°C)
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1324:Charlottetown
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1232:New Brunswick
1229:
1209:
1197:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:escaping the
1135:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1059:Jonathan Eddy
1056:
1053:(the renamed
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1002:
998:
994:
992:
988:
983:
980:
976:
972:
964:
960:
959:Thomas Davies
956:
953:(present day
952:
948:
944:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
805:Colonial wars
804:
802:
800:
796:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
769:, and in the
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
742:
736:
734:
730:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
685:New Brunswick
682:
677:
676:
670:
665:
664:
654:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:St. Augustine
614:
610:
606:
602:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
566:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:Passamaquoddy
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:New Hampshire
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
498:burial mounds
495:
491:
487:
483:
482:Middle Period
478:
476:
472:
471:Paleo-Indians
468:
467:First Nations
464:
460:
452:
450:
448:
444:
439:
433:
429:; from Latin
428:
419:
412:
410:
408:
404:
403:Passamaquoddy
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:Gulf of Maine
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:New Brunswick
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
308:The Maritimes
300:
296:
293:
289:
279:
275:
272:
270:
262:
260:
252:
244:
231:
219:
216:
214:Largest metro
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
195:New Brunswick
193:
192:
190:
179:
168:
161:
160:Les Maritimes
155:The Maritimes
152:
146:
138:
135:
127:
124:November 2008
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85: –
84:
80:
79:Find sources:
73:
69:
63:
62:
57:This article
55:
51:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
5600:
5588: /
5586:List of seas
5584: /
5549:Global South
5534:Global North
5468:Atlantic Rim
5407:Ring of Fire
5387:Indian Ocean
5377:Arctic Ocean
5319:Persian Gulf
5314:Indian Ocean
5295:Adriatic Sea
5260:Arctic Ocean
5092:Amazon Basin
5087:Amazon Plain
5059:Near Oceania
4859:Mid-Atlantic
4809:Aridoamerica
4769:Northwestern
4682:Northwestern
4655:Southeastern
4547:Greater Iran
4486:Southeastern
4481:Pacific Asia
4450:Pacific Asia
4438:Northeastern
4394:Asia–Pacific
4137:Fourth World
4127:Second World
4028:
4009:
3977:Bibliography
3899:Coat of arms
3883:
3804:Architecture
3774:Homelessness
3625:Demographics
3544:Floriculture
3480:Human rights
3459:
3448:Peacekeeping
3377:Constitution
3299:
3285:
3240:Great Plains
3215:
3167:Saskatchewan
3010:
2954:
2947:
2863:
2858:
2850:
2845:
2837:
2832:
2824:
2819:
2807:. Retrieved
2797:
2778:
2739:
2712:
2684:
2673:
2664:
2650:
2636:
2603:
2554:
2546:Constitution
2538:
2530:
2478:
2463:
2429:
2415:and federal
2406:
2391:
2382:
2371:Please help
2366:verification
2363:
2339:
2310:
2308:
2294:
2279:
2256:
2247:
2232:Please help
2220:
2193:
2170:
2159:
2155:
2114:
2071:
2067:
2058:
2030:shipbuilding
2023:
2007:
1967:
1963:
1946:
1909:
1869:CFB Gagetown
1849:
1845:
1833:branch lines
1827:and ongoing
1822:
1797:Sable Island
1790:
1782:Bay of Fundy
1775:
1736:
1728:
1667:
1648:
1617:
1614:
1603:Anglophones.
1594:Demographics
1359:microclimate
1344:
1301:
1274:
1259:Crown colony
1252:
1228:Fenian raids
1224:
1154:
1150:Irish Gaelic
1126:
1119:
1116:19th century
1112:in Halifax.
1104:
1083:
1063:
1044:
1029:
1017:
1005:
984:
968:
950:
922:
887:
835:Hudson River
808:
775:
739:
737:
732:
725:
701:Newfoundland
669:Bay of Fundy
658:
589:
570:
557:Newfoundland
553:Cabot Strait
549:Bay of Fundy
508:
506:
489:
481:
479:
475:Early Period
474:
456:
442:
426:
424:
375:Newfoundland
348:
311:
307:
306:
145:
130:
121:
111:
104:
97:
90:
78:
66:Please help
61:verification
58:
5622: /
5564:Global West
5524:Global East
5483:Pacific Rim
5425:waterbodies
5414:World Ocean
5239:New Zealand
5119:The Guianas
5008:Australasia
4951:West Indies
4874:New England
4854:Great Lakes
4824:Mesoamerica
4711:Middle East
4687:Scandinavia
4576:Middle East
4414:Caspian Sea
4320:Great Lakes
4300:Sub-Saharan
4286:Middle East
4149:Hemispheres
4132:Third World
4122:First World
4075:'s primary
3859:Individuals
3667:2021 Census
3652:Immigration
3534:Agriculture
3495:Transgender
3335:Great Lakes
3315:Earthquakes
3269:Great Lakes
3176:Territories
3147:Nova Scotia
3066:Monarchical
3051:Immigration
2809:October 24,
2517:health care
2425:Dalton Camp
2285:Nova Scotia
2182:Canada West
2178:Canada East
2139:Cape Breton
2122:Campbellton
2094:Bridgewater
2042:Cunard Line
2040:. Even the
2015:New England
1949:Nova Scotia
1801:Natural gas
1767:North Shore
1751:South Shore
1575:Nova Scotia
1549:Campbellton
1531:Nova Scotia
1439:Fredericton
1421:Nova Scotia
1399:Nova Scotia
1320:Fredericton
1308:Cape Breton
1271:Quebec City
1244:Home Office
1213:Joseph Howe
1155:During the
1086:War of 1812
831:Great Lakes
778:New England
733:Nova Scotia
721:Grand Banks
681:Nova Scotia
601:Diogo Homem
509:Late Period
473:during the
363:New England
332:Nova Scotia
200:Nova Scotia
188:Composition
5637:Categories
5305:Ionian Sea
5300:Aegean Sea
5270:Baltic Sea
5202:Antarctica
5054:Micronesia
5023:New Guinea
4981:Portuguese
4899:West Coast
4849:East Coast
4844:Bible Belt
4839:Appalachia
4518:Subregions
4426:Inner Asia
4344:Antarctica
4244:Continents
4217:Antarctica
4192:Landmasses
4102:Down Under
4097:Arab World
4081:subregions
3987:Historians
3844:Literature
3757:Corruption
3740:Euthanasia
3730:Healthcare
3672:Population
3394:Parliament
3364:Government
3001:since 1982
2825:Acadiensis
2628:References
2605:Acadiensis
2202:Industries
2118:Edmundston
2110:Summerside
2026:steamships
1992:C. D. Howe
1953:tall ships
1921:free trade
1875:Historical
1819:waterfront
1765:area, the
1759:Summerside
1753:, and the
1649:There are
1571:Greenwood
1461:Saint John
1383:July (°F)
1380:July (°C)
1316:Saint John
1181:Royal Navy
1177:Union Navy
1105:Chesapeake
1094:privateers
1090:Royal Navy
929:Royal Navy
902:privateers
795:New France
763:Beaubassin
641:New France
625:Port Royal
515:-speaking
513:Algonquian
427:of the sea
237:Population
94:newspapers
18:Maritimers
5619:46°N 64°W
5501:Antarctic
5285:Irish Sea
5275:Black Sea
5234:Australia
5183:Caribbean
5160:continent
5134:Patagonia
5064:Polynesia
5042:Melanesia
5035:Zealandia
5013:Australia
4894:Southwest
4814:Caribbean
4591:Near East
4232:submerged
4227:Zealandia
4222:Australia
4112:Old World
4107:New World
3762:Terrorism
3718:Education
3657:Languages
3645:Ethnicity
3640:Canadians
3588:Petroleum
3568:Companies
3470:Elections
3350:Volcanism
3325:Mountains
3207:Geography
3115:Provinces
3105:Provinces
3036:Etymology
2996:1960–1981
2991:1945–1960
2949:Year list
2221:does not
2134:Miramichi
2126:Dalhousie
2098:Kentville
2019:Caribbean
1793:petroleum
1763:Miramichi
1377:Province
1374:Location
1363:subarctic
1070:Shelburne
989:with the
813:(see the
755:Normandie
717:Côte-Nord
637:Jamestown
443:Maritimes
432:maritimus
324:provinces
269:Time zone
263:Maritimer
245:1,899,324
5028:Tasmania
4976:Hispanic
4834:Northern
4781:Germanic
4759:Atlantic
4701:Southern
4662:Northern
4628:Caucasus
4564:Dead Sea
4535:Caucasus
4503:Southern
4496:Maritime
4491:Mainland
4464:Northern
4445:Far East
4404:Aral Sea
4327:Southern
4271:Northern
4030:Category
3970:Research
3944:Contents
3926:Heraldic
3834:Identity
3829:Holidays
3824:Folklore
3735:Abortion
3662:Religion
3600:Taxation
3507:Cannabis
3485:Intersex
3461:Politics
3433:Military
3345:Wildlife
3132:Manitoba
3061:Military
3031:Economic
2956:timeline
2568:See also
2409:Red Tory
2345:Politics
2130:Bathurst
2102:Yarmouth
2038:Montreal
2034:New York
2002:Yarmouth
1990:such as
1839:and the
1749:and the
1670:Maliseet
1632:Acadians
1527:Yarmouth
1352:Yarmouth
1066:Loyalist
801:valley.
751:Brittany
705:Labrador
563:Nation.
537:Maliseet
399:Maliseet
351:Atlantic
295:UTC−3:00
274:UTC−4:00
5624:46; -64
5229:Oceania
5217:by area
5173:America
5150:Islands
5000:Oceania
4864:Midwest
4819:Central
4786:Romance
4754:Western
4623:Balkans
4618:Eastern
4613:Central
4581:Mashriq
4525:Western
4469:Siberia
4421:Eastern
4399:Central
4332:Western
4305:Central
4281:Mashriq
4276:Maghreb
4266:Saharan
4212:America
4205:Eurasia
4077:regions
3997:Surveys
3992:Studies
3956:Outline
3931:Tartans
3885:Symbols
3874:Theatre
3819:Cuisine
3796:Culture
3769:Poverty
3711:Society
3605:Tourism
3578:Fishing
3551:Banking
3526:Economy
3382:Monarch
3320:Islands
3217:Regions
3188:Nunavut
3152:Ontario
3122:Alberta
2939:History
2705:•
2690:105–106
2419:leader
2242:removed
2227:sources
2086:Halifax
2082:Ontario
2074:Toronto
2004:in 1910
1937:tariffs
1825:freeway
1712:Economy
1483:Moncton
1395:Halifax
1356:oceanic
1330:Climate
1312:Moncton
1304:Halifax
1234:by the
1110:frigate
933:citadel
925:Halifax
675:Acadien
577:Vinland
561:Beothuk
521:Vermont
517:Abenaki
453:History
407:Acadian
395:Mi'kmaq
314:, is a
259:Demonym
218:Halifax
108:scholar
5516:Global
5506:Arctic
5445:Rivers
5423:Other
5357:Oceans
5212:Europe
5168:Africa
4961:French
4829:Middle
4791:Slavic
4776:Celtic
4677:Nordic
4667:Baltic
4605:Europe
4559:Levant
4253:Africa
4089:Worlds
3894:Anthem
3869:Sports
3814:Cinema
3786:Values
3633:Topics
3573:Energy
3556:Dollar
3421:Courts
3398:Senate
3340:Rivers
3310:Cities
3301:Topics
3162:Quebec
3081:Racism
3012:Topics
2931:Canada
2785:
2767:
2753:
2729:
2719:
2696:
2143:Pictou
2132:, and
2104:, and
2078:Quebec
1880:Growth
1745:, the
1630:, and
1417:Sydney
1318:, and
1296:, and
1278:, 1867
1261:, the
1175:. The
1142:Celtic
811:Acadia
759:Vienne
757:, and
709:Quebec
707:, and
663:Acadie
655:Acadia
649:Quebec
573:Viking
527:, and
393:. The
367:Quebec
334:, and
316:region
167:French
163:
110:
103:
96:
89:
81:
5493:Polar
5438:lists
5433:Lakes
5252:ocean
4971:Ibero
4966:Latin
4956:Anglo
4716:Italy
4073:Earth
3951:Index
3921:Royal
3854:Media
3849:Music
3752:Crime
3681:Lists
3193:Yukon
3091:Women
2727:JSTOR
1743:Truro
1161:Union
1134:Irish
1099:Maine
957:) by
590:Both
533:Gaspé
529:Maine
148:Place
115:JSTOR
101:books
5610:64°W
5607:46°N
5450:Seas
5207:Asia
4474:Ural
4386:Asia
4315:Horn
4310:East
4079:and
3909:List
3904:Flag
3490:LGBT
3414:list
2811:2015
2783:ISBN
2765:ISBN
2751:ISBN
2717:ISBN
2694:ISBN
2539:The
2479:The
2225:any
2223:cite
2172:the
2141:and
2080:and
2036:and
1780:and
1306:and
1253:The
1132:and
1103:USS
1084:The
892:and
881:and
703:and
683:and
507:The
480:The
457:The
438:mare
413:Name
401:and
357:and
224:Area
87:news
5460:Rim
5250:By
5158:By
3809:Art
3583:Oil
3372:Law
2375:by
2236:by
1931:'s
1657:or
369:'s
318:of
299:ADT
288:DST
278:AST
70:by
5639::
2792:).
2725:.
2692:.
2519:,
2515:,
2427:.
2128:,
2124:,
2120:,
2100:,
2096:,
1808:.
1741:,
1665:.
1626:,
1622:,
1314:,
1292:,
1022:.
1015:.
949::
939:.
885:.
877:,
753:,
735:.
723:.
651:.
523:,
449:.
397:,
346:.
330:,
326::
4065:e
4058:t
4051:v
3405:)
3396:(
2958:)
2953:(
2923:e
2916:t
2909:v
2813:.
2733:.
2702:.
2398:)
2392:(
2387:)
2383:(
2369:.
2263:)
2257:(
2252:)
2248:(
2244:.
2230:.
1867:(
965:.
743:.
627:(
301:)
297:(
290:)
280:)
276:(
169:)
165:(
137:)
131:(
126:)
122:(
112:·
105:·
98:·
91:·
64:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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