464:
360:
56:
626:– local girls were followed by boys carrying Marzanna's male equivalent – Marzaniok. The effigies were carried around the village. Songs, often improvised, were sung in front of each house, especially if a girl lived in it. Hosts would reward the singers with money or eggs. Afterwards, the singing procession left the village and went to a nearby body of water – a stream, pond, lake or even a puddle. If there was no lake or pond nearby, the effigy was burned; its clothes had been ripped off or it had been pelted with snow or mud.
415:
378:
drowned and a twin custom is to decorate a pine tree with flowers and colored baubles to be carried through the village by the girls. There are of course many superstitions associated with the ceremony: you can't touch
Marzanna once she's in the water, you can't look back at her, and if you fall on your way home you're in big trouble. One, or a combination of any of these can bring the usual dose of sickness and plague.
143:
372:
female clothing, and either setting it on fire or drowning in a river (or both). This is often performed during a field trip by children in kindergarten and primary schools. The effigy, often made by the children themselves, can range in size from a puppet to a life-size dummy. This ritual represents the end of the dark days of winter, the victory over death, and the welcoming of the spring rebirth.
520:
the effigy is burned; in others, it is first set on fire and then thrown into water. A number of superstitions (also locally varied) are connected to the ritual, e.g.: the person who last returns to the village after the ritual is sure to die in the coming year. In some locations, a tradition functions in which Morana is given a male counterpart – Marzaniok.
135:
541:
the hosts. Some sources relate that the group also collected donations. Today the ritual often takes the form of bringing a decorated copse to the village after the ritual of drowning Morana is completed. This type of a two-part ritual (destroying the effigy and then returning with the copse) had been observed in the
645:
Researchers emphasise that Morana functioned not merely as a symbol of winter, but also as a Slavic goddess. Morana's later association with death (in some regions Morana is called Death Crone) trivialized the importance of the goddess, who was the lady of not only death, but also life, and commanded
649:
Drowning Morana in water (an element of high importance in season-related folk celebrations) is understood as the goddess' symbolic descent into the underworld, to be reborn with next winter. Some researchers underline the sacrificial character of this ritual and suggest that Morana is sacrificed to
617:
traditions, and persecuted them accordingly, the custom nevertheless survived in
Silesia even at times when it had been almost extinct in other regions of Poland. Researchers point out that traditionally only women and girls would walk with a hand-made Morana; only later was the custom taken over by
540:
or flowers – are carried from house to house. In some variations of the ritual, a doll is tied to the top branch; in others, a local girl accompanies the copse (hence "walking with the Queen"). The copse is usually carried by girls, who walk from house to house, dance, sing and extend best wishes to
435:
Morana was repeatedly dipped in every encountered puddle or stream. In the evening the effigy passed to the young adults; the juniper twigs were lit, and thus illuminated Morana was carried out of the village, burned, and thrown into water. There is a number of superstitions related to the custom of
519:
Depending on local tradition, the ritual that takes place after the procession reaches its chosen destination can be performed in various ways: sometimes the effigy is first torn into pieces, its clothes ripped off, and then drowned in a lake, river or even a puddle. In some variants of the ritual,
238:
dolls, the male counterpart to Morana) to the nearest river, lake or pond. The participants sing traditional songs and throw effigies of Morana into the water. Sometimes the effigies are first set on fire, or their clothes are torn. On the journey back to the village the focus falls on the copses,
371:
of Morana to celebrate the end of winter is a folk custom that survives in the Czech
Republic, Poland, Lithuania, and Slovakia. In the past, the festival was held on the fourth Sunday of Lent. In the 20th century the date March 21 was fixed (March 20–21). The rite involves preparing an effigy in
641:
Today, Morana is often perceived as a personification of winter and the symbolic drowning ends this season and returns life. In this interpretation, the corpse is used to welcome spring and to affirm the re-awakening of nature. However, modern interpretations simplify the ritual: one example is
377:
It concerns the "drowning of
Marzanna," a large figure of a woman made from various rags and bits of clothing which is thrown into a river on the first day of the spring calendar. Along the way, she is dipped into every puddle and pond ... Very often she is burned along with herbs before being
642:
merging two originally separate rituals and changing the time of the year at which they were celebrated. Moreover, even medieval chroniclers suggested that the custom had already evolved into a light-hearted, fun event and its original meaning had been almost forgotten.
430:
The effigy has usually been made of straw, wrapped in white cloth and adorned with ribbons and necklaces. Traditionally the effigy has initially been carried past every house in the village by a group of children holding green juniper twigs. During this
184:
associated with seasonal rites based on the idea of death and rebirth of nature. She is an ancient goddess associated with winter's death, rebirth and dreams. In ancient Slavic rites, the death of the
Goddess Morana at the end of winter becomes the
507:
Details of the ritual vary from region to region. Typically the effigy or doll representing Morana is made of straw and dressed in traditional local costume, rags, or even bridesmaid's clothes. Morana may resemble a young woman wearing a
436:
drowning Morana: one cannot touch the effigy once it's in the water or one's hand will wither; looking back while returning home may cause an illness, while stumbling and falling may lead to a relative's death within the coming year.
234:(March 21). Usually schoolchildren and young people participate in the celebrations alongside local folklore groups and other residents. A procession consisting of men, women and children carries handmade Morana (and often also
1474:
451:. However, both the custom and tradition prevailed. At the turn of the 18th century there has been an attempt to replace it (on the Wednesday preceding Easter) with a newly introduced custom of throwing an effigy symbolizing
229:
In modern times the rituals associated with
Marzanna have lost their sacred character and are a pastime – an occasion to have fun and celebrate the beginning of spring. The tradition is usually celebrated around the
657:
Celebrating the Copse after Easter – in full spring – performs an individual function in the cycle of rebirth: it announces the coming of spring, a time of joy and song, a time when the Earth bears new fruit.
402:
to hasten the approach of spring. The custom of drowning the effigy of Morana derives from sacrificial rites; its function was to ensure a good harvest in the upcoming year. Following the principles of
2805:
801:
411:– it was believed that burning an effigy representing the goddess of death would remove any results of her presence (i.e., the winter) and thus bring about the coming of spring.
455:
down from a church tower. This attempt also failed. Today, the custom is celebrated at spring equinox on March 21, which coincides with the traditional date of Jare Święto.
1309:
546:
2762:
2097:
1429:
1535:
3132:
467:
In many parts of
Central and Eastern Europe the procession to departs from the village with a Morana effigy, returns home with bouquets of green twigs called
2791:
491:. The tradition of celebrating it on March 21 only began in the 20th century. Most researchers agree that the custom of carrying the copse (also known as
1108:
3177:
3142:
819:
463:
2741:
633:(summer), the copse symbolised the spring and blooming nature. The procession carried it into the village, accompanied by songs and best wishes.
398:
Morana is also the name used to describe the effigy of the goddess, which was ritually burned and/or drowned during an early spring rite called
1746:
2330:
849:
1837:
790:. Indo-European Mythology. / В. В. Иванов, В. Н. Топоров. Индоевропейская мифология. Мифы народов мира, М:Российская энциклопедия, 1994.
654:
propose that Morana is sacrificed to the demons of water, whose favour was necessary to ensure a plentiful harvest in the coming year.
3147:
2798:
2451:
993:
1402:
2688:
2491:
1928:
263:
1078:
Skvortzov, Konstantin. Mater
Verborum, 13th century Czech manuscript, with comments. Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, 1853.
577:
noted that the copse had been carried around as a standalone custom (without the prior destruction of Morana) around Kraków and
449:
Do not allow the superstitious Sunday custom, do not permit them to carry around the effigy they call Death and drown in puddles
213:
3127:
3097:
2698:
780:
516:
points out that at first only adults participated in the ritual; only when the custom became a fun game did the young join in.
298:
1101:
1018:
930:
764:
736:
239:
adorned with ribbons and blown egg shells. The procession, still singing, returns to the village. In some locations (e.g. in
629:
The procession would usually return carrying a copse – a small spruce or pine tree adorned with eggs and ribbons. Nicknamed
3167:
2457:
2419:
1444:
359:
3137:
2433:
980:
Kaczko, Krystyna (2009). "Doroczne zwyczaje i obrzędy" [Yearly rites and customs]. In
Bazielich, Barbara (ed.).
256:
3061:
2439:
2427:
1626:
512:
as well as an old crone. Village dwellers carry the effigy away from the village, often singing event-related songs.
2445:
1992:
55:
3122:
2529:
2047:
1094:
986:
Folk traditions: the cultural heritage of autochthonous population within the borders of the
Silesian Voivodeship
475:
The rite of drowning Morana, often conducted together with carrying bouquets of green twigs and branches (dubbed
3117:
3112:
3102:
3092:
2980:
2258:
240:
1661:
423:
244:
3172:
3162:
3157:
3107:
2964:
2027:
1898:
219:
3016:
1313:
2335:
1923:
1731:
1721:
1656:
1523:
1125:
313:
3012:
2876:
2703:
2693:
2057:
1530:
1424:
1274:
1165:
1133:
823:
2856:
1506:
2932:
1469:
1457:
1397:
1324:
3048:
2960:
2944:
2848:
2517:
2409:
2373:
2325:
2207:
1867:
1671:
1153:
678:
444:
2928:
2824:
513:
3073:
2860:
2828:
2683:
2653:
2568:
2404:
2389:
2107:
1736:
1651:
1366:
1351:
1064:
Dixon-Kennedy, Mike. Encyclopedia of Russian & Slavic myth and legend. ABC-CLIO Publisher, 1998
499:) from house to house was earlier performed much later in the year, probably shortly after Easter.
408:
279:
2872:
1641:
3069:
3020:
2904:
2852:
2399:
2368:
2358:
2253:
2202:
2142:
1832:
1696:
1611:
1072:
1068:
399:
332:
259:
2924:
2836:
1686:
845:
2912:
2908:
2840:
2626:
2481:
2273:
1807:
1701:
1621:
1616:
1486:
1256:
1043:
1014:
989:
962:
936:
926:
881:
760:
732:
404:
106:
102:
3024:
2976:
2972:
1518:
528:
Walking with the Copse is a ritual in which pine branches, twigs or even entire small trees (
2948:
2920:
2880:
2522:
2363:
2222:
1908:
1676:
1631:
1601:
1583:
1501:
1392:
1304:
1261:
1231:
1170:
786:
537:
414:
302:
282:
190:
2968:
3152:
3065:
2864:
2345:
2309:
2268:
2212:
2157:
2042:
1409:
1221:
1186:
1117:
1067:
Marjorie Yovino-Young. Pagan Ritual and Myth in Russian Magic Tales: A Study of Patterns.
982:
Ludowe tradycje: dziedzictwo kulturowe ludności rodzimej w granicach województwa śląskiego
610:
440:
344:
336:
328:
267:
201:
181:
2992:
2916:
1903:
2736:
2609:
2473:
2353:
1862:
1646:
1269:
1191:
452:
317:
209:
197:
142:
3086:
2783:
2757:
2621:
2573:
2512:
2172:
2147:
1987:
1681:
1636:
1511:
1226:
959:
Niektóre zwyczaje ludowe na Śląsku i ich wykorzystanie w pracy zespołów artystycznych
914:
806:
590:
574:
351:' means dream. But Vladimir Dahl says it means 'phantom', 'vision', 'hallucination'.
1081:
3004:
2988:
2648:
2580:
2551:
2304:
1761:
1711:
703:
488:
2936:
2067:
1978:
605:
The date when the customs of drowning Morana and carrying the copse originated in
988:]. Wrocław; Katowice: Polskie Tow. Ludoznawcze; Muzeum Śląskie. p. 196.
2956:
2678:
2597:
2585:
2534:
2017:
1983:
1883:
1822:
1481:
1356:
1086:
667:
623:
586:
1042:] (in Polish). Warszawa: Ludowa Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza. pp. 151–167.
925:]. Dzieła wszystkie (in Polish). Wrocław: Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze.
3036:
3008:
2940:
2900:
2715:
2673:
2658:
2592:
2561:
2496:
2463:
2232:
2197:
2072:
2037:
1953:
1462:
1414:
1341:
1158:
1138:
693:
688:
594:
578:
432:
966:
3052:
2720:
2668:
2663:
2602:
2283:
2092:
1913:
1893:
1726:
1452:
1289:
1279:
885:
846:"👌Folklórní sdružení České republiky ▷ folklor bez hranic | Rexter.cz"
698:
570:
566:
348:
340:
278:– suggests that the goddess may have originally been connected to the Roman
2884:
2167:
2132:
1666:
1047:
1013:(in Polish). Warszawa; Wrocław: Wydawnictwa Naukowe PWN. pp. 609–615.
940:
347:. In Belarusian, Polish, Ukrainian and in some Russian dialects the word '
186:
3044:
2896:
2832:
2776:
historicity of the deity is dubious; functions of the deity are unclear.
2486:
2227:
2177:
2152:
2117:
2082:
2062:
2022:
1948:
1888:
1857:
1817:
1802:
1781:
1771:
1766:
1606:
1376:
1346:
1284:
614:
222:, the Roman goddess of agriculture (together with another Slavic goddess
17:
2984:
2952:
2868:
2708:
2556:
2544:
2137:
2127:
2102:
2087:
2077:
2012:
2002:
1973:
1968:
1958:
1943:
1938:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1812:
1691:
1593:
1547:
1419:
1361:
1299:
1294:
1251:
1246:
1206:
1143:
673:
619:
606:
582:
562:
558:
554:
550:
509:
419:
271:
231:
126:
116:
92:
88:
31:
3040:
2844:
2539:
2394:
2278:
2237:
2217:
2122:
2052:
2007:
1997:
1797:
1706:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1496:
1336:
1317:
1241:
1216:
1211:
1201:
1174:
1148:
683:
533:
368:
223:
205:
84:
2614:
2263:
2162:
2112:
2032:
1963:
1827:
1776:
1716:
1552:
1542:
1491:
1434:
1371:
1236:
1181:
1034:
Ciołek, Tadeusz Maciej; Olędzki, Jacek; Zadrożyńska, Anna (1976).
542:
480:
462:
413:
358:
306:
141:
134:
133:
1329:
2288:
1933:
1918:
880:(in Polish). Opole: Instytut Śląski w Opolu. pp. 156, 162.
529:
484:
2787:
1090:
208:, associating her with sorcery. 15th century Polish chronicler
196:
Some medieval Christian sources such as the Czech 13th century
618:
young adults and children. In some regions – such as around
247:), the beginning of spring is then celebrated with a feast.
193:(Russian), Lada or Vesna representing the coming of Spring.
901:Śla̜ska forma obrze̜du Marzanny i Gaika na tle porównawczym
802:
Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language
297:). The connection to Mars is supported by, among others,
443:
attempted to forbid this old pagan custom. In 1420, the
312:
Other theories claim her name is derived from the same
305:, who underline that he was originally an agricultural
48:
Goddess of cold, frost, winter, death, and agriculture
601:
Traditions related to Morana and the copse in Silesia
483:") was originally performed on the fourth Sunday of
3031:
2999:
2891:
2819:
2750:
2729:
2641:
2505:
2472:
2418:
2382:
2344:
2318:
2297:
2246:
2190:
1876:
1790:
1754:
1745:
1592:
1561:
1443:
1385:
1124:
122:
112:
98:
80:
72:
67:
41:
1082:http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art171090.asp
1011:Leksykon – znaki świata: omen, przesąd, znaczenie
61:Effigy of Morana (Death Goddess). Czech Republic.
384:Tom Galvin, "Drowning Your Sorrows in Spring",
374:
327:'pestilence'. Some authors also likened her to
536:) – adorned with ribbons, handmade ornaments,
149:: modern imagination of goddess by Marek Hapon
2799:
1102:
757:Encyklopedia mitologii ludów indoeuropejskich
27:Slavic deity associated with seasonal rebirth
8:
2763:Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays
285:(known under a variety of names, including
2806:
2792:
2784:
2502:
1751:
1109:
1095:
1087:
54:
255:Morana's name most likely comes from the
156:(in Czech, Slovene and Serbo-Croatian),
731:] (in Polish). Kraków: Wydawn. WAM.
367:The tradition of burning or drowning an
715:
961:(in Polish). : GM PM. pp. 39–41.
38:
1040:Wyrzeczysko: on celebrating in Poland
952:
950:
878:Zwyczaje i obrzędy doroczne na Śląsku
852:from the original on October 16, 2014
7:
3133:Witchcraft in folklore and mythology
2506:Folk cults (also including Ossetian)
2331:Russian traditions and superstitions
871:
869:
867:
750:
748:
1036:Wyrzeczysko: o świętowaniu w Polsce
418:Marzanna dolls are thrown into the
2814:Polish folk customs and traditions
903:(in Polish). Opole: Inst. Śla̜ski.
25:
3178:Culture of Silesian Voivodeship
3143:Sleep in mythology and folklore
1838:Mistress of the Copper Mountain
650:appease Winter. The authors of
581:, as well as in the regions of
759:(in Polish). Warszawa: Iskry.
447:instructed the Polish clergy:
1:
2689:Ringing Cedars' Anastasianism
1118:Slavic mythology and religion
755:Kempiński, Andrzej M (2000).
545:region, the western parts of
2965:Funeral of żur and a herring
160:(in Slovak and Macedonian),
723:Szyjewski, Andrzej (2003).
3194:
29:
3148:Personifications of death
3059:
2771:
2530:Nicholas the Wonderworker
899:Staszczak, Zofia (1964).
609:is unknown. Although the
593:(beginning of May or the
189:of Spring of the Goddess
147:Marzanna Mother of Poland
53:
46:
2642:Revivalist organizations
1009:Kowalski, Piotr (1998).
876:Pośpiech, Jerzy (1987).
266:, signifying death. The
30:Not to be confused with
957:Dubiel, Ludwik (1958).
613:considered these to be
573:). In the 19th century
363:Morena effigy, Slovakia
180:(in Polish) is a pagan
3128:Slavic weather deities
3098:Agricultural goddesses
2721:Russian Zoroastrianism
2336:Serbian folk astronomy
1732:Vasilisa the Beautiful
1657:Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv
565:and Southern Germany (
524:Walking with the copse
497:walking with the Queen
479:in Polish, literally "
472:
427:
391:
364:
150:
139:
34:, a female sea spirit.
3017:Oborywanie przepiórki
2704:Vseyasvetnaya Gramota
2694:Slavic-Hill Rodnovery
2552:George the Victorious
1662:Lech, Czech, and Rus'
1134:Chernobog and Belobog
729:Religion of the Slavs
466:
417:
362:
145:
137:
123:Lithuanian equivalent
76:Our Lady of the Herbs
3168:Ice and snow deities
2518:Paraskeva of Iconium
2410:Ukrainian fairy tale
2208:Dodola and Perperuna
1672:Mikula Selyaninovich
826:on December 13, 2013
679:Mara (Hindu goddess)
503:The effigy of Morana
459:Morana and the copse
331:, an evil spirit in
323:'death' and Russian
73:Christian equivalent
3138:Ukrainian mythology
3013:Wyzwolenie kosiarza
2684:Peterburgian Vedism
2654:Slavic Native Faith
2405:Serbian epic poetry
2390:Bosniak epic poetry
2247:Mythological places
1747:Legendary creatures
1737:Volga Svyatoslavich
1562:Priesthood and cult
646:the natural world.
471:(literally: copse).
386:Warsaw Voice 13.544
257:Proto-Indo-European
251:Names and etymology
212:likened her in his
200:compare her to the
2730:In popular culture
2400:Russian fairy tale
1697:Mustay-Bey of Lika
1073:Edwin Mellen Press
1069:Lewiston, New York
547:Kraków Voivodeship
473:
428:
424:Miasteczko Śląskie
407:– as described by
394:Drowning of Morana
365:
339:, associated with
245:Miasteczko Śląskie
151:
140:
113:Latvian equivalent
3080:
3079:
3066:Traditional music
2857:Popielcowe klocki
2781:
2780:
2637:
2636:
2482:Apocryphal prayer
2274:Oponskoye Kingdom
2186:
2185:
1808:Cornflower Wraith
1722:Solovey-Razboynik
1702:Nikita the Tanner
1622:Dobrynya Nikitich
781:Vyacheslav Ivanov
493:grove, new summer
405:sympathetic magic
299:Vyacheslav Ivanov
295:Mamurius Veturius
176:(in Russian), or
172:(in Lithuanian),
138:Marzanna. Poland.
132:
131:
62:
16:(Redirected from
3185:
3123:Slavic goddesses
2933:Dziady śmigustne
2909:Hanging of Judas
2808:
2801:
2794:
2785:
2540:Ilya the Prophet
2523:Paraskeva Friday
2503:
2420:Christianization
1752:
1652:Jugović brothers
1632:Hrnjica Brothers
1627:Dragon of Bosnia
1602:Alyosha Popovich
1594:Legendary heroes
1539:
1527:
1515:
1478:
1466:
1406:
1398:Karna and Zhelya
1386:Personifications
1333:
1321:
1265:
1178:
1162:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1088:
1052:
1051:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1006:
1000:
999:
977:
971:
970:
954:
945:
944:
923:Region of Kielce
911:
905:
904:
896:
890:
889:
873:
862:
861:
859:
857:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
822:. Archived from
816:
810:
797:
791:
787:Vladimir Toporov
777:
771:
770:
752:
743:
742:
720:
389:
388:, March 28, 1999
303:Vladimir Toporov
243:– a district of
168:(in Ukrainian),
164:(in Bulgarian),
99:Roman equivalent
81:Greek equivalent
60:
58:
39:
21:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3118:Slovak folklore
3113:Polish folklore
3103:Magic goddesses
3093:Death goddesses
3083:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3055:
3027:
2995:
2961:Jezusek Palmowy
2945:Kurek dyngusowy
2901:Zielone Świątki
2887:
2849:Ścięcie śmierci
2815:
2812:
2782:
2777:
2767:
2746:
2725:
2633:
2569:Saint Anastasia
2501:
2468:
2414:
2378:
2340:
2314:
2310:Sword Kladenets
2293:
2269:Faraway Tsardom
2242:
2182:
1872:
1786:
1741:
1588:
1557:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1472:
1460:
1439:
1400:
1381:
1327:
1307:
1259:
1168:
1156:
1120:
1115:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1008:
1007:
1003:
996:
979:
978:
974:
956:
955:
948:
933:
913:
912:
908:
898:
897:
893:
875:
874:
865:
855:
853:
844:
843:
839:
829:
827:
818:
817:
813:
799:Мара (Mara) in
798:
794:
778:
774:
767:
754:
753:
746:
739:
725:Religia Słowian
722:
721:
717:
712:
664:
639:
611:Catholic Church
603:
526:
505:
461:
445:Synod of Poznań
441:Catholic Church
396:
390:
383:
357:
345:sleep paralysis
337:Slavic folklore
253:
63:
49:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3191:
3189:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3173:Winter deities
3170:
3165:
3163:Spring equinox
3160:
3158:Spring deities
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3108:Czech folklore
3105:
3100:
3095:
3085:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2751:Related topics
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2610:Saint Theodore
2607:
2606:
2605:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2492:Egg decoration
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2474:Folk practices
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2191:Ritual figures
2188:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1647:Ivan Tsarevich
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1617:Đerzelez Alija
1614:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1445:Pseudo-deities
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1322:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1192:Lada mythology
1189:
1184:
1179:
1163:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1026:
1019:
1001:
994:
972:
946:
931:
915:Kolberg, Oskar
906:
891:
863:
837:
811:
792:
772:
765:
744:
737:
714:
713:
711:
708:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
670:in Switzerland
663:
660:
638:
635:
602:
599:
587:Easter Tuesday
525:
522:
514:Jerzy Pośpiech
504:
501:
460:
457:
395:
392:
381:
356:
353:
252:
249:
232:spring equinox
198:Mater Verborum
182:Slavic goddess
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
100:
96:
95:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
65:
64:
59:
51:
50:
47:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3190:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3021:Ścinanie kani
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2921:Śmigus-dyngus
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2861:Wkupne do bab
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2758:Book of Veles
2756:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2622:Saint Eustace
2620:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2581:Saint Vlasius
2579:
2575:
2574:Saint Nedelya
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2513:Ognyena Maria
2511:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2326:Creation myth
2324:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:Bald Mountain
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1988:Chervona Ruta
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1868:Water spirits
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:Place spirits
1789:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1682:Milan Toplica
1680:
1678:
1677:Mila Gojsalić
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1642:Ivan Kosančić
1640:
1638:
1637:Ilya Muromets
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:Damned Jerina
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1227:Lel and Polel
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1005:
1002:
997:
995:9788387266080
991:
987:
983:
976:
973:
968:
964:
960:
953:
951:
947:
942:
938:
934:
928:
924:
920:
916:
910:
907:
902:
895:
892:
887:
883:
879:
872:
870:
868:
864:
851:
847:
841:
838:
825:
821:
815:
812:
808:
807:Vladimir Dahl
804:
803:
796:
793:
789:
788:
783:
782:
776:
773:
768:
762:
758:
751:
749:
745:
740:
734:
730:
726:
719:
716:
709:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
669:
666:
665:
661:
659:
655:
653:
647:
643:
636:
634:
632:
627:
625:
621:
616:
612:
608:
600:
598:
596:
592:
591:Lesser Poland
588:
584:
580:
576:
575:Oskar Kolberg
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
535:
531:
523:
521:
517:
515:
511:
502:
500:
498:
494:
490:
487:, called the
486:
482:
478:
470:
465:
458:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
434:
425:
421:
416:
412:
410:
406:
401:
393:
387:
380:
379:
373:
370:
361:
354:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
319:
315:
314:Indo-European
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
250:
248:
246:
242:
237:
233:
227:
225:
221:
217:
216:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
148:
144:
136:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
66:
57:
52:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3074:Folk beliefs
2993:Gorzkie żale
2989:Fat Thursday
2873:Przebierańce
2837:Podłaźniczka
2773:
2649:God-Building
2305:Axe of Perun
1755:Unquiet dead
1712:Prince Marko
1687:Miloš Obilić
1196:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1010:
1004:
985:
981:
975:
958:
922:
918:
909:
900:
894:
877:
854:. Retrieved
840:
828:. Retrieved
824:the original
814:
800:
795:
785:
779:
775:
756:
728:
724:
718:
704:Santa Muerte
656:
651:
648:
644:
640:
637:Significance
630:
628:
604:
553:, Slovakia,
527:
518:
506:
496:
492:
489:White Sunday
476:
474:
468:
448:
438:
429:
409:James Frazer
397:
385:
376:
375:
366:
324:
320:
311:
294:
290:
286:
276:Ma(r)muriena
275:
270:form of the
254:
235:
228:
214:
195:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
152:
146:
36:
3070:Folk dances
2957:Easter palm
2905:Gregorianki
2853:Podkoziołek
2679:Levashovism
2598:Saint Peter
2460:(1120s–60s)
2452:Kievan Rus'
1984:Fern flower
1823:Lady Midday
1534: [
1522: [
1510: [
1482:Dzidzileyla
1473: [
1461: [
1401: [
1328: [
1308: [
1260: [
1169: [
1157: [
830:October 12,
652:Wyrzeczysko
400:Jare Święto
210:Jan Długosz
68:Equivalents
3087:Categories
3049:Katarzynki
3005:Noc Kupały
2941:Siuda Baba
2925:Emaus fair
2716:Roerichism
2699:Sylenkoism
2674:Kandybaism
2659:Authentism
2593:Maslenitsa
2562:Uastyrdzhi
2497:Martenitsa
2464:Bogomilism
2383:Literature
2233:Maslenitsa
2198:Baba Marta
2148:Tintilinić
2098:Rozhanitsy
2073:Povitrulya
2038:Likhoradka
1954:Chuhaister
1924:Black Arab
1430:Rozhanitsy
1415:Mat Zemlya
1342:Svarozhits
1139:Chernoglav
1020:8301125616
932:8300000062
766:8320716292
738:8373182055
710:References
694:Maslenitsa
689:Martenitsa
595:Green week
579:Sandomierz
538:egg shells
433:procession
355:Traditions
341:nightmares
280:god of war
3053:Andrzejki
2937:Śmiergust
2917:Święconka
2913:Pucheroki
2669:Ivanovism
2664:Bazhovism
2603:Donbettyr
2458:Pomerania
2369:Ukrainian
2284:Lukomorye
2093:Raskovnik
2068:Płanetnik
1979:Dziwożona
1914:Berehynia
1904:Baš Čelik
1894:Baba Yaga
1727:Svyatogor
1584:Shamanism
1453:Chislobog
1290:Perperuna
1280:Rugiaevit
967:832512659
919:Kieleckie
917:(1963) .
856:March 21,
699:Dhumavati
571:Franconia
567:Thuringia
236:Marzaniok
224:Dziewanna
3045:Zaduszki
2897:Marzanna
2841:Gromnica
2487:Zagovory
2434:Bulgaria
2346:Folklore
2228:Marzanna
2223:Kostroma
2178:Werewolf
2153:Topielec
2118:Shishiga
2108:Samodiva
2063:Nocnitsa
2023:Koshchei
2018:Karzełek
1993:Firebird
1949:Chernava
1929:Błędnica
1889:Alkonost
1877:Entities
1858:Vodyanoy
1818:Dvorovoy
1803:Bolotnik
1772:Kikimora
1767:Drekavac
1607:Burislav
1347:Svetovit
1285:Pereplut
1270:Radegast
1266:or Prone
886:20139666
850:Archived
820:"Polska"
662:See also
624:Racibórz
382:—
333:Germanic
316:root as
204:goddess
191:Kostroma
178:Marzanna
18:Marzanna
3037:Dożynki
3025:Zażynki
3009:Sobótka
2985:Maypole
2977:Żandary
2973:Rękawka
2953:Walatka
2949:Pisanki
2869:Ostatki
2865:Zapusty
2845:Jemioła
2737:Fantasy
2709:Ynglism
2557:Dazhbog
2545:Uacilla
2440:Bohemia
2428:Moravia
2364:Serbian
2359:Russian
2319:Beliefs
2298:Objects
2213:Koliada
2138:Stricha
2128:Strzyga
2103:Rusalka
2088:Rahmans
2078:Psoglav
2013:Ispolin
2003:Gamayun
1974:Dukljan
1959:Cikavac
1944:Bukavac
1939:Boginki
1853:Polevik
1848:Ovinnik
1843:Moryana
1813:Domovoy
1692:Misizla
1548:Voloska
1519:Pogvizd
1420:Moryana
1410:Koliada
1362:Yarovit
1352:Triglav
1300:Stribog
1295:Simargl
1252:Porevit
1247:Porenut
1207:Pizamar
1187:Kresnik
1144:Dazhbog
1126:Deities
1075:, 1993.
1059:Sources
1048:3482291
941:4885472
620:Gliwice
607:Silesia
583:Mazovia
563:Lusatia
559:Bohemia
555:Moravia
551:Podhale
510:garland
420:Brynica
272:theonym
262:*mar-,
241:Brynica
215:Annales
187:rebirth
93:Demeter
89:Atropos
32:Moryana
3153:Hecate
3062:Attire
3041:Dziady
3032:Autumn
3000:Summer
2892:Spring
2885:Kolęda
2881:Herody
2877:Comber
2820:Winter
2774:Notes:
2454:(980s)
2448:(960s)
2446:Poland
2442:(880s)
2436:(860s)
2430:(830s)
2395:Bylina
2374:Polish
2279:Kitezh
2254:Alatyr
2238:Jarilo
2218:Kupala
2203:German
2168:Zduhać
2143:Sudice
2133:Stuhać
2123:Skrzak
2053:Molfar
2048:Meduza
2028:Krsnik
2008:Indrik
1998:Gagana
1863:Shubin
1833:Boruta
1798:Bannik
1707:Popiel
1667:Libuše
1579:Zhrets
1574:Volkhv
1569:Vedmak
1531:Troyan
1497:Kupala
1337:Svarog
1305:Pogoda
1242:Podaga
1217:Hennil
1212:Yarilo
1202:Mokosh
1197:Morana
1166:Diviya
1149:Devana
1046:
1017:
992:
965:
939:
929:
884:
763:
735:
684:Jarilo
589:) and
534:spruce
426:, 2015
369:effigy
291:Mamers
287:Marmor
268:Slovak
206:Hecate
174:Marena
158:Morena
154:Morana
85:Hecate
42:Morana
2981:Siwki
2969:Roduś
2929:Turki
2833:Turoń
2825:Konik
2627:Apsat
2615:Tutyr
2586:Veles
2535:Veles
2354:Czech
2289:Vyraj
2264:Buyan
2163:Vesna
2113:Sirin
2083:Raróg
2033:Likho
1964:Chort
1899:Babay
1828:Leshy
1782:Upiór
1777:Mavka
1717:Sadko
1553:Yesha
1543:Vesna
1538:]
1526:]
1514:]
1507:Lelya
1492:Krodo
1487:Flins
1477:]
1465:]
1435:Zorya
1405:]
1377:Żywie
1372:Zorya
1367:Zhiva
1357:Veles
1332:]
1320:]
1264:]
1257:Prove
1237:Perun
1182:Khors
1177:]
1161:]
1038:[
984:[
921:[
727:[
668:Böögg
631:latko
615:pagan
543:Opole
495:, or
481:copse
453:Judas
318:Latin
307:deity
264:*mor-
220:Ceres
202:Greek
107:Ceres
103:Morta
2829:Koza
2742:Film
2173:Zmey
2043:Mare
1969:Čuma
1934:Blud
1919:Bies
1909:Bauk
1762:Vila
1502:Lada
1470:Dana
1458:Chur
1393:Dola
1325:Zelu
1232:Niya
1044:OCLC
1015:ISBN
990:ISBN
963:OCLC
937:OCLC
927:ISBN
882:OCLC
858:2013
832:2014
761:ISBN
733:ISBN
674:Māra
622:and
585:(on
530:pine
485:Lent
477:gaik
469:gaik
439:The
349:mara
343:and
335:and
329:mare
321:mors
301:and
293:and
283:Mars
260:root
170:Morė
166:Mara
162:Mora
127:Morė
117:Māra
2158:Ved
2058:Nav
1884:Ala
1425:Rod
1275:Rod
1222:Kyi
1154:Dyi
805:by
597:).
532:or
325:mor
226:).
218:to
3089::
3072:•
3068:•
3064:•
3051:•
3047:•
3043:•
3039:•
3023:•
3019:•
3015:•
3011:•
3007:•
2991:•
2987:•
2983:•
2979:•
2975:•
2971:•
2967:•
2963:•
2959:•
2955:•
2951:•
2947:•
2943:•
2939:•
2935:•
2931:•
2927:•
2923:•
2919:•
2915:•
2911:•
2907:•
2903:•
2899:•
2883:•
2879:•
2875:•
2871:•
2867:•
2863:•
2859:•
2855:•
2851:•
2847:•
2843:•
2839:•
2835:•
2831:•
2827:•
1536:ru
1524:ru
1512:ru
1475:ru
1463:ru
1403:ru
1330:cs
1318:fr
1316:;
1314:cs
1312:;
1310:ru
1262:ru
1175:uz
1173:;
1171:ru
1159:ru
1071::
949:^
935:.
866:^
848:.
784:,
747:^
569:,
561:,
557:,
549:,
422:;
309:.
289:,
274:–
105:,
91:,
87:,
2807:e
2800:t
2793:v
1986:-
1110:e
1103:t
1096:v
1050:.
1023:.
998:.
969:.
943:.
888:.
860:.
834:.
809:.
769:.
741:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
