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1857, there was much conflict among the Indian tribes. The white settlers argued that the reservation was claiming lands that it should not be. The
Mattole felt threatened because the white settlers were moving into their area and taking their women. The white settlers and Indian tribes—including the Mattole, were ruthlessly killing each other. Prison camps housed many Mattole and other Native Americans. On September 4, 1858, amidst the constant fighting, the Mattole Valley Treaty of Peace was established.
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leaders with special knowledge of the Tribe's traditions. They also have given emphasis to the importance of protecting 'traditional cultural properties,' places that are eligible for inclusion on the
National Register of Historic Places because of their association with cultural practices and beliefs that are: (1) rooted in the history of the community; and, (2) are important to maintaining the continuity of that community's traditional beliefs and practices”.
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293:. It is located Humboldt County, California. The Bear River Band of Rohnerville Rancheria currently has 525 Enrolled Tribal Citizens, and enrollment into the Bear River Band is based on lineal descent and residency of the rancheria. The Bear River Band is governed by a Tribal Council, composed of seven members elected to four year terms. The current Chairwoman is Josefina Cortez and the current Vice Chairman is Edwin Smith. The tribe publishes the
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according to food abundance and better climate conditions, an easy feat with
California’s many microclimates. As warmer seasons set in the Mattole Valley, the Mattole would separate into their primary familial groups, becoming gatherers of vegetation more so than hunters as they would in colder months. As James Roscoe observed, "the simple family was by far the single most important social unit in Mattole society."
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been to this spot ten times or more. Then the water there is used to you and does not mind if you're looking at it. Older men can talk in the presence of the water because they have been about so long that the water knows them. Until the water at any spot does know you, however, it becomes very rough if you talk in its presence or look at it too long .
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The
Mattole were only permanent residents of a particular area through the winter months. For the most part, however, the Mattole people traveled in single family bands, traveling as necessary according to food abundance and better climate conditions—an easy feat with California's many microclimates.
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The Bear River Band is continuously trying to protect their cultural resources and ancestral territory. The Tribal
Historic Officer (THPO) is in charge of the Tribal Historic Preservation Plans, which “emphasize the importance of the oral tradition, as well as consulting Tribal elders and spiritual
214:
Among the
Mattole, conduct toward waves is prescribed: That water watches you and has a definite attitude, favorable or otherwise towards you. Do not speak just before a wave breaks. Do not speak to passing rough water in a stream. Do not look at water very long for any one time, unless you have
210:
Tribes dealt with politics by electing tribesmen according to wealth and problem-solving skills rather than through bloodlines; These “chiefs,” as they were later named, weren’t complete rulers, but leaders of a democracy who made suggestions that would be taken into account by the rest of the tribe
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Historically, the
Mattole lived along the Mattole River in the valley of Humboldt County, northwestern California. The Mattole lived in the area for a few centuries, but carbon dating revealed that many native tribes have inhabited the land for over 6000 years. Earliest accounts say that the Mattole
223:
In the mid- to late-19th century, tensions rose between white settlers and the Native
Americans. In 1856 the Mendocino reservation was established for the Indian tribes. It ranged from Mendocino county to Bear River. When the white settlers began establishing their homes in the Mattole valley in
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From the beginning of the tribe’s 16th-century arrival in what is now
Humboldt County, Mattole villages were essentially collective groups of families settling in close proximity over winter months. For the most part however, the Mattole people would travel in single family bands where necessary
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The
Mattole’s main food source has always been salmon. Salmon was a main food source because the Mattole were located along the Mattole river, which was abundant with Salmon. This also meant that the Mattole did not travel far from the river because that would mean abandoning their food source.
251:
estimated the combined populations of the Mattole, Whilkut, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Lassik, and Kato at 4,700, at least 50% higher than Kroeber's figure for the same groups. Martin A. Baumhoff estimated the aboriginal Mattole-Bear River population as 2,476.
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newspaper for its members and also provides various services for the wellbeing of its members such as, social services, housing, economic development, and even daycare. The tribe operates the Bear River Casino, also in Loleta.
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Although the treaty seemed to be keeping the peace among both groups, it eventually became useless in 1859 when the reservation was no longer considered a reservation and more white settlers were coming in.
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US Census Bureau. (2013) Table 19. American Indian and Alaska Native Population by Tribe for California: 2010. U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010, special tabulation
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Golla, Victor. 2011. California Indian Languages. University of California Press, 2011. Sociolinguistic description of aboriginal languages of California.
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is that the men traditionally had facial tattoos (on the forehead), while other local groups traditionally restricted facial tattooing to women.
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to the east. According to linguist Victor Golla, the last surviving person who could speak the Mattole language died in the 1950s.
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since the 16th century. From the mid-16th to the 19th centuries, the Mattole resided at the coast near the mouth of the river.
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423:. Intro. and Annotations by Robert Heizer. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA USA: University of California Press. p.
368:. Intro. and Annotations by Robert Heizer. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA USA: University of California Press. p.
337:. Intro. and Annotations by Robert Heizer. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA USA: University of California Press. p.
290:
194:
Aboriginal Bear River villages included Tcalko', Chilsheck, Chilenche, Selsche'ech, Tlanko, Estakana, and Sehtla.
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Bledsoe, Anthony Jennings. 1885. Indian Wars of the Northwest: A California Sketch. Bacon and Company. Print.
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Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially.
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The most recent US Census Bureau tabulation in 2010 reported that there were 14 members.
289:(Mattole River, Eel River (Wailaki), Bear River and Wiyot People) is now organized as a
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150:("The North Tribe"). The Bear River Indians called themselves and the Mattole
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585:. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C. Page 883.
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California Coastal Commission. 1987. "California Coastal Resource Guide."
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The Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization
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language that may have been closely related to that of their
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Baumhoff, Martin A. 1958. "California Athabascan Groups".
399:. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin. Vol. 145
122:. A notable difference between the Mattole and other
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263:, reported a population of 29 in the 2000 census.
758:Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
611:16:157-238. University of California, Berkeley.
396:The Indian Tribes of North America - California
247:put the 1770 population of the Mattole at 500.
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8:
287:Bear River Band of the Rohnerville Rancheria
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598:. University of California Press, Berkeley.
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475:"So... What Happened to the Natives Here?"
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106:. Their traditional lands are along the
730:"Tribal Historic Preservation Programs"
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211:and decided upon through popular vote.
631:"Geographic Names Information Systems"
557:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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583:Handbook of the Indians of California
255:The Mattole federal reservation, the
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1141:Native American tribes in California
874:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
40:Regions with significant populations
525:Bussel, Gordon. n.d. The Mattole.
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801:Indigenous peoples of California
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124:indigenous peoples of California
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34:Mattole River in Humbodlt County
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240:Population of Native California
183:have been in the region of the
16:Indigenous people of California
972:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
312:Mattole traditional narratives
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563:(accessed February 16, 2014).
504:Accessed February 16, 2014.
120:Humboldt County, California
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594:Cook, Sherburne F. 1976a.
484:Pdf. Accessed 18 May 2014.
291:federally recognized tribe
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417:Powers, Stephen (1976) .
362:Powers, Stephen (1976) .
331:Powers, Stephen (1976) .
278:The Bear River Casino in
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393:John R. Swanton (1953).
1070:Plains and Sierra Miwok
929:(Diegueño, Ipai, Tipai)
719:(retrieved 24 Feb 2009)
609:Anthropological Records
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162:The Mattole spoke the
1039:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
872:Eel River Athapaskans
581:Kroeber, A. L. 1925.
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257:Rohnerville Rancheria
515:State of California.
420:Tribes of California
365:Tribes of California
334:Tribes of California
219:Post-contact history
148:DiideeĘľ-kiiyaahaangn
142:("foreigners"), the
295:Bear River Bulletin
259:, located south of
172:Eel River neighbors
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714:Bear River Casino.
500:2012-09-05 at the
480:2013-03-29 at the
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280:Loleta, California
96:Bear River Indians
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652:"Bear River Band"
249:Sherburne F. Cook
245:Alfred L. Kroeber
98:, are a group of
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1061:(Gabrieliño)
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733:. Retrieved
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19:Ethnic group
1065:TĂĽbatulabal
883:Halchidhoma
862:Coast Miwok
822:Ahwahnechee
270:Tribe today
198:Way of life
112:Bear Rivers
1135:Categories
990:Kucadikadi
933:Lake Miwok
847:Chemehuevi
817:Acjachemen
544:2013-01-15
403:2012-09-04
318:References
232:Population
168:Athabaskan
104:California
66:California
1100:Wukchumni
1004:Ramaytush
1000:Costanoan
961:(Klamath)
954:Mechoopda
917:Kitanemuk
852:Chimariko
832:Bay Miwok
673:"Council"
178:Territory
152:Ni'ekeni'
146:name was
138:name was
73:Languages
1049:Timbisha
1043:Tataviam
927:Kumeyaay
912:Kawaiisu
842:Cahuilla
827:Atsugewi
812:Achomawi
553:cite web
498:Archived
478:Archived
306:See also
158:Language
140:Tul'bush
1075:Vanyume
1032:Serrano
1027:Salinan
1021:Quechan
981:Nomlaki
976:Nisenan
948:Mattole
938:Luiseño
896:Whilkut
892:Chilula
878:Esselen
857:Chumash
136:Wailaki
108:Mattole
92:Mattole
83:Mattole
79:English
23:Mattole
1110:Yokuts
1085:Washoe
1059:Tongva
1054:Tolowa
1037:Shasta
1023:(Yuma)
1011:Patwin
996:Ohlone
965:Mohave
867:Cupeño
836:Saklan
735:19 May
699:19 May
657:19 May
636:19 May
431:
376:
345:
261:Eureka
63:
51:
1120:Yurok
1095:Wiyot
1090:Wintu
1080:Wappo
959:Modoc
943:Maidu
907:Cahto
902:Karuk
678:8 May
538:(PDF)
531:(PDF)
238:(See
166:, an
144:Cahto
114:near
1115:Yuki
1105:Yana
1016:Pomo
970:Mono
922:Kizh
888:Hupa
737:2014
701:2014
680:2024
659:2014
638:2014
559:link
429:ISBN
374:ISBN
343:ISBN
285:The
134:The
130:Name
110:and
90:The
425:108
370:109
339:107
118:in
102:in
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551:{{
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56:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
