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Authority. All decisions are made by the owners, who have delegated minor day-to-day operations to
Cornwall Park Trust. Cornwall Park is a private park, also open to the public, administered by the Cornwall Park Trust Board. The Trust's endowment includes income from leasehold properties adjoining the park's borders.
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Because One Tree Hill Domain is high and relatively central, the city has long used it for its potable water reservoirs. The first of these was constructed in 1900 atop the western peak; though it is no longer in service, the small structure remains in place. Five further reservoirs were subsequently
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Hopkins, Jenni L.; Smid, Elaine R.; Eccles, Jennifer D.; Hayes, Josh L.; Hayward, Bruce W.; McGee, Lucy E.; van Wijk, Kasper; Wilson, Thomas M.; Cronin, Shane J.; Leonard, Graham S.; Lindsay, Jan M.; Németh, Karoly; Smith, Ian E. M. (3 July 2021). "Auckland
Volcanic Field magmatism, volcanism, and
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to draw attention to injustices they claimed the New
Zealand government had inflicted upon Māori. The first attack happened on 28 October 1994, the anniversary of the 1835 Declaration of Independence. A second attack in October 2000 left the tree unable to recover, and it was removed the following
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purchased the Henry's remaining land. Henry had referred to his property as Mt
Prospect, however after the purchase Campbell renamed the farm the One Tree Hill Estate. Over the next 20 years, the farm was developed for cattle and sheep farming, and included potato cultivations. During this period,
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Beneath it is the grave of Sir John Logan
Campbell who bequeathed £5,000 for the obelisk. His grave is a plain granite slab, ornamented only by a bronze wreath. It lies in the middle of the viewing platform, on axis with the main memorial plaques on the Obelisk base and the bronze Warrior Statue.
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In 1844, Ngāti Whātua chiefs sold a block of land which included
Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill to a merchant, Thomas Henry. Most of this property was removed from Henry's ownership in 1847, with the 115 acres of the hill and surrounding land becoming a Crown reserve, now known as the One Tree Hill
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The area contains two parks, One Tree Hill Domain and
Cornwall Park, which are next to each other and thus often perceived as one. One Tree Hill Domain is open to the public and was formerly administered by Auckland City Council but since 2012 has been owned and administered by the Tūpuna Maunga
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In 1874, Campbell returned to
Auckland and took sole ownership of the property, planning to build an Italian-style mansion adjacent to the mountain. Campbell's wife Emma did not approve of the designs or location, so by 1876 abandoned plans for the villa. In 1878, he planted an olive grove at
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Campbell, like many
European New Zealanders of his generation, had expected that Māori would gradually die out and that an impressive memorial would be a most fitting symbol to perpetuate their memory. By the 1930s this had obviously not happened, and some considered the term "memorial" was
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plantations managed by Tahuri, an agriculturalist and wife of
Waiohua chief Te Ika-maupoho. Kiwi Tāmaki and most of the people of Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill did not live permanently at the mountain, instead migrating across circuits of the Auckland region collecting resources.
361:. After the war, Te Taoū settled on the isthmus, and chief Tuperiri constructed a pā below the summit of Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill, known as Hikurangi. Hikurangi was abandoned around 1795 AD, with the death of Tuperiri, and Ngāti Whātua re-centred their activities around the
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In 1880, after the death of his daughter Ida, Campbell decided to gift the One Tree Hill Estate to the public, leasing the land to Chinese market gardener Fong Ming Quong in the mean-time. In 1901, Campbell formally handed over the land to the public during the visit of the
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A locked door is built into the eastern plaque at the base of the obelisk. This gives access to a small room from which a vertical ladder leads up inside the column itself. At the top is a small window looking to the north and a hatch to service the aircraft warning light.
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One Tree Hill Domain, a 118-acre (48 ha) park, is owned by the Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective (also known as the Tāmaki Collective) and administered by the Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau Authority (Tūpuna Maunga Authority). One Tree Hill Domain adjoins
321:, is associated with the time of the greatest unity and strength of the Waiohua confederation, when the Tāmaki Makaurau region was one of the most populated areas of Aotearoa. The cone and its surroundings are estimated to have been home to a population of up to 5,000.
510:/ Auckland, was vested to the collective, including the volcano officially named Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill. The legislation specified that the land be held in trust "for the common benefit of Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau and the other people of Auckland". The
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A dawn ceremony conducted by the Tūpuna Maunga Authority took place upon Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill on 11 June 2016 planting nine young tōtara and pōhutukawa grown from parent trees on the maunga. The strongest single tree will eventually remain and
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to Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill. Near the summit of Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill was a gigantic pahū pounamu (greenstone gong) known as Whakarewa-tāhuna ("Lifted from the Banks of the Sea"), which Kiwi Tāmaki used to call for the warriors of the
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flows that rafted away part of the side of the scoria cone. Lava flows went in all directions, many towards Onehunga, covering an area of 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi), making it the second largest (in area covered) of the
604:. Its current functions combine entertainment and education (via the planetarium and via public access to the older telescope) as well as ongoing research with both telescopes. It is operated by a charitable trust.
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inappropriate with many Māori objecting to its use. During construction of the obelisk, a suggestion was made that it should be described as a centennial tower to mark the centennial year of the signing of the
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on the tihi, but the trees failed to survive – with only two pines, originally part of a shelter belt for the native trees, surviving for long. However, in 1960, one of the two was felled in another attack.
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Due to the spiritual and cultural significance of Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill to Māori, and for pedestrian safety, the summit road was permanently closed to most vehicles in March 2019.
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The hilltop is always accessible by foot, but because of anti-social behaviour, including drinking, vandalism and crime, after-dark road access to the summit was closed in 2008.
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1283:"In the High Court of New Zealand: Auckland Registry CIV-2015-404-002033 Between Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Trust and Attorney-General and Marutūāhu Rōpū Limited Partnership"
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year by Auckland Council due to the risk of it falling. In 2007, the chainsaw used by activist Mike Smith in the first attack was placed on sale on auction site
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sprig was planted on top, giving rise to the name Te Tōtara-i-āhua ("The Tōtara That Stands Alone"), another common name for the mountain used by
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built underground, with the latest completed in 1977. They are currently used to maintain supply to the Onehunga area and to the reservoirs atop
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1845 watercolour the summit of Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill, with its single pōhutukawa or tōtara tree, that gave the mountain its English name.
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When Auckland was founded as a colonial town a tree stood near the tihi which gave the maunga its English name. Two accounts identify it as a
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1639:"Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation"
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makes reference to One Tree Hill in Auckland when character Karen Roe dates character Andy Hargrove (played by New Zealand actor
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produced a short documentary centred around the chainsaw called "The chainsaw used on One Tree Hill and heard across Aotearoa".
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area. While Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill was no longer central to Ngāti Whātua life, it remained a central part of the iwi's
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confederation of tribes, who were active in the 17th and 18th centuries. The time of the third paramount chief of Waiohua,
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714:. It was written to honour New Zealander Greg Carroll, an employee of the band who died in a motorcycle accident in
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Kiwi Tāmaki's rule and the Waiohua hegemony over the Tāmaki isthmus came to an end in the 1740s, after war with the
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on 24 April 1948. This was in keeping with Māori custom of not holding such ceremonies during a time of bloodshed.
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was planted in 1875 by John Logan Campbell to replace the tōtara or pōhutukawa. Campbell repeatedly tried to grow
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chief Tītahi in the 17th century, and were traditionally known as Ngā Whakairo a Tītahi (the carvings of Tītahi).
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During the Waiohua confederation of the 17th and 18th century, the summit of the maunga was known for its single
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213:. The summit provides views across the Auckland area, and allows visitors to see both of Auckland's harbours.
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to assemble. During the later Waiohua period, the southern slopes of Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill south to
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My Ox Is Broken!: Roadblocks, Detours, Fast Forwards and Other Great Moments from Tv's 'the Amazing Race'
1784:"The History of One Tree Hill, the volcanic mountain known to the Maori people as 'Maungakiekie' | NZETC"
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Taua: 'musket wars', 'land wars' or tikanga?: warfare in Maori society in the early nineteenth century
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or Tūpuna Maunga Authority (TMA) is the co-governance organisation established to administer the 14
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444:'s 425 acres (172 ha), creating a total of 540 acres (220 hectares) of public green space.
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Young tōtara and pōhutukawa on Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill to replace lost single trees, 2022.
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The chainsaw used on One Tree Hill and heard across Aotearoa | The Single Object | The Spinoff
1211:"Ngati Whatua o Orakei Heritage Report for State Highway 20; Transit Manukau Harbour Crossing"
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settler in 1852, in an act of vandalism in one account, or for firewood in another. An exotic
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Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill, the only commercial olive grove in New Zealand until the 1980s.
331:
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1243:"Cultural impact assessment by Te Ākitai Waiohua for Bremner Road Drury Special Housing Area"
1160:
White, John (1891). "History of the Wars in the Auckland District – By Nga-ti-whatua Tribe".
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The Ancient History of the Maori, His Mythology and Traditions: Nga-Puhi [Vol. XI]
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0.9 was named One Tree Hill by Auckland resident and (at that time) Firefox lead engineer
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710:
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325:, the third paramount chief of Waiohua, moved the seat of power of the confederation from
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of the hill were erupted from three craters – one is intact and two have been breached by
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Sources for the archaeology of the Maaori settlement of the Taamaki volcanic district
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were known as Nga Māra a Tahuri ("The Plantations of Tahuri"), which were extensive
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to a private trust he had established to hold the land for the use of the public.
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and the show's final episode, was inspired in turn by the U2 song. In the series
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which is located in the One Tree Hill Domain, a kilometre southwest of the peak.
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and completed in 1940, but the unveiling of the obelisk was delayed until after
181:, New Zealand. It is an important place culturally and archeologically for both
1121:"Statement of evidence of Ngarimu Alan Huiroa Blair on behalf of the plaintiff"
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1188:(1919). "Rangi-hua-moa. A Legend of the Moa in Waitemata District, Auckland".
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1925:"Chips flying as chainsaw seller tries to rev up interest on US auction site"
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Crater of Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill, with Auckland city in the background.
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1488:"Work begins to make summit of Maungakiekie, One Tree Hill vehicle free"
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597:. The observatory has, amongst other research, discovered and named the
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Cornwall Park, which adjoins the One Tree Hill Domain, was given by Sir
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Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill with the lone Monterey pine tree, in 1996.
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Heritage New Zealand Category 1 historic places in the Auckland Region
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In pre-European times, Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill was the largest
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1725:"Maori Memorial. Obelisk on One Tree Hill. Scheme to divert fund"
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1564:"Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014"
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The remaining tree was later attacked twice with chainsaws by
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Shifting Grounds: Deep Histories of Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland
2004:"Maungakiekie/One Tree Hill planting symbol of new Auckland"
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589:), is located within One Tree Hill Domain, and contains two
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752:, a British astronomer. The asteroid was discovered at the
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502:(also known as the Tāmaki Collective), ownership of the 14
2244:. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, 335 pp.
1513:"Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill summit becomes vehicle-free"
1093:"Parks in Auckland | One Tree Hill Domain (Maungakiekie)"
2302:(official website of the park surrounding One Tree Hill)
864:"Pa of the Auckland Isthmus: An Archaeological Analysis"
189:. The suburb around the base of the hill is also called
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hails from New Zealand. His mother moved the family to
399:
Campbell and Brown spent most of their time in Europe.
2077:"Building a Winning Team: The Making of One Tree Hill"
236:. The volcano erupted approximately 67,000 years ago.
779:) and he talks about his home country of New Zealand.
1897:"One Tree Hill chainsaw goes on sale at $ 5000 plus"
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Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill is associated with the
253:
Terracing on a slope of Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
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1174:– via New Zealand Electronic Text Collection.
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30:"Maungakiekie" redirects here. For other uses, see
287:vine". The terraces of the pā were constructed by
302:of Ngāti Awa rangatira Korokino was buried and a
2030:"The rise and fall of the pine on One Tree Hill"
1033:"Ngāti Te Ata Cultural Values Assessment Report"
2160:(2003). "Tāmaki-makau-rau (Auckland isthmus)".
1821:"Axe taken to One Tree myth – New Zealand News"
1978:"Hundreds turn out for One Tree Hill planting"
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816:
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585:The Stardome Observatory (previously known as
2331:
824:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
782:One Tree Hill has appeared on two seasons of
8:
1923:McKenzie-Minifie, Martha (22 January 2007).
1539:"Changes to vehicle access on Tūpuna Maunga"
869:Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum
2258:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1846:The Evolution of Contemporary Maori Protest
672:. The chainsaw is now in the collection of
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1000:"Vandals force One Tree Hill to be locked"
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267:) specimen on Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
38:
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721:The naming of the teen television drama,
512:Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau Authority
2081:One Tree Hill: The Complete First Season
1463:"Tūpuna Maunga significance and history"
1114:
1112:
994:
992:
990:
988:
2164:. Auckland: Penguin. pp. 206–234.
1956:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
1663:Dearnaley, Mathew (27 September 2014).
1589:"Ground Leases and Conditions of Entry"
1321:
1147:
1067:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
810:
674:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
1871:"Warrior's chainsaw massacre rings on"
918:(Report). Department of Conservation.
390:Domain. In 1853, Auckland businessmen
53:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill, in 2015.
1457:
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1453:
1309:
1265:
1191:The Journal of the Polynesian Society
1060:Margaret, McClure (6 December 2007).
298:(summit) of the maunga was where the
193:. It is surrounded by the suburbs of
32:Maungakiekie (New Zealand electorate)
7:
2242:Volcanoes of Auckland: A Field Guide
1209:Patterson, Malcolm (21 March 2008).
1031:Patterson, Malcolm (February 2021).
2296:(official Auckland Council mention)
1895:Trevett, Claire (19 January 2007).
1665:"Volcanic cones regain Maori names"
275:in the Tāmaki Makaurau region. The
2086:Warner Brothers Home Entertainment
1218:Environmental Protection Authority
1101:. 10 December 2007. Archived from
1040:Environmental Protection Authority
25:
2218:From Tamaki-makau-rau to Auckland
1692:"NZGB decisions – September 2014"
1072:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
1062:"Auckland region – Māori history"
708:", which appeared on their album
492:Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau
2794:Volcanoes of the Auckland Region
2454:
2280:
2256:McLauchlan, Gordon, ed. (1989).
2028:Rose, Hanahiva (15 April 2021).
543:On the summit of the hill is an
522:under the direction of the TMA.
47:
2789:Tourist attractions in Auckland
769:The American television series
643:). This tree was cut down by a
518:. Auckland Council manages the
415:in 1901 (who later became King
1119:Blair, Ngarimu (2 June 2021).
704:wrote a song about the hill, "
1:
2692:Pupuke Moana / Pupuke Volcano
2220:. Auckland University Press.
1363:(One Tree Hill Domain Origin)
1255:– via Auckland Council.
836:10.1080/00288306.2020.1736102
169:is a 182-metre (597 ft)
27:Hill in Auckland, New Zealand
2804:Albert-Eden Local Board Area
2799:Hills of the Auckland Region
2403:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
1976:Simon Maude (11 June 2016).
1696:Land Information New Zealand
748:was named after the hill by
197:to the west, and clockwise,
167:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
42:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
2306:Photographs of Maungakiekie
948:. Retrieved 8 November 2009
735:because of the common name.
2820:
2287:One Tree Hill, New Zealand
2102:Castro, Adam-Troy (2006).
578:
494:collective of 13 Auckland
29:
2764:Māori culture in Auckland
2452:
1447:accessed 10 February 2016
1279:High Court of New Zealand
733:Tree Hill, North Carolina
117:
46:
2543:Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond
2138:. Season 1. Episode 19.
177:(ancestral mountain) in
69:182 m (597 ft)
2744:Auckland volcanic field
2483:Whakamuhu / Glover Park
2415:Ōwairaka / Mount Albert
2391:Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson
2385:Maungawhau / Mount Eden
2347:Auckland volcanic field
1643:www.legislation.govt.nz
1568:New Zealand Legislation
486:settlement between the
460:Maungawhau / Mount Eden
327:Maungawhau / Mount Eden
283:means "mountain of the
230:Auckland volcanic field
159:Auckland volcanic field
2188:Bridget Williams Books
1930:The New Zealand Herald
1902:The New Zealand Herald
1851:18 August 2006 at the
1670:The New Zealand Herald
1618:www.cornwallpark.co.nz
1593:www.cornwallpark.co.nz
1005:The New Zealand Herald
911:Bulmer, Susan (1994).
625:
617:
549:Richard Atkinson Abbot
540:
436:
386:
268:
254:
97:36.90000°S 174.78306°E
2312:heritage collections.
2289:at Wikimedia Commons
2260:. David Bateman Ltd.
2196:10.7810/9781988587332
1098:Auckland City Council
946:Cornwall Park website
623:
615:
539:Detail of the obelisk
538:
434:
384:
340:kūmara (sweet potato)
260:
252:
2754:Lookouts in Auckland
1788:nzetc.victoria.ac.nz
1359:3 April 2012 at the
982:, pp. 125, 216.
797:HaMerotz LaMillion 1
754:Auckland Observatory
641:Metrosideros excelsa
587:Auckland Observatory
581:Stardome Observatory
575:Stardome Observatory
567:and not a memorial.
427:One Tree Hill Domain
245:Tāmaki Māori history
102:-36.90000; 174.78306
2572:Boggust Park Crater
2409:Te Tātua a Riukiuta
2373:Albert Park Volcano
2310:Auckland Libraries'
1858:Tino Rangatiratanga
1756:"Delay encountered"
1324:, pp. 206–234.
1297:Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei
1281:(9 February 2021).
1150:, pp. 206–211.
1128:Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei
1105:on 4 February 2012.
822:hazard: a review".
472:John Logan Campbell
413:Duchess of Cornwall
392:John Logan Campbell
264:Freycinetia banksii
93: /
2135:HaMerotz LaMillion
1702:on 29 October 2014
1198:(2 (110): 107–110.
791:The Amazing Race 2
745:23988 Maungakiekie
695:In popular culture
626:
618:
565:Treaty of Waitangi
541:
484:Treaty of Waitangi
437:
387:
269:
255:
143:About 67,000 years
59:Highest point
2779:Parks in Auckland
2731:
2730:
2667:Waitematā Harbour
2285:Media related to
2205:978-1-988587-33-2
1268:, pp. 36–45.
1239:Te Ākitai Waiohua
478:Treaty settlement
164:
163:
16:(Redirected from
2811:
2650:Māngere Mountain
2458:
2445:Little Rangitoto
2421:Te Hopua a Rangi
2397:Mount Saint John
2361:Pukekawa Volcano
2354:Central Auckland
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2180:Mackintosh, Lucy
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2151:Print references
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1764:. 22 August 1940
1752:
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1698:. Archived from
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1543:Auckland Council
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1012:. 8 October 2008
996:
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932:
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908:
902:
901:
856:
850:
849:
847:
830:(2–3): 213–234.
818:
785:The Amazing Race
777:Kieren Hutchison
718:on 3 July 1986.
700:Irish rock band
377:European history
234:Rangitoto Island
108:
107:
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91:
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51:
39:
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2669:
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2644:Puketutu Island
2632:Puhinui Craters
2578:Cemetery Crater
2554:
2501:Pigeon Mountain
2459:
2450:
2367:Grafton Volcano
2349:
2344:
2278:
2268:
2255:
2238:
2236:Further reading
2228:
2214:Stone, R. C. J.
2212:
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2178:
2172:
2158:Ballara, Angela
2156:
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2148:
2147:
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2112:. p. 136.
2101:
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2079:(Documentary).
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1853:Wayback Machine
1843:
1839:
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1814:
1810:, pp. 123.
1808:Mackintosh 2021
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1733:. 19 March 1931
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1438:, pp. 136.
1436:Mackintosh 2021
1434:
1430:
1426:, pp. 134.
1424:Mackintosh 2021
1422:
1415:
1411:, pp. 146.
1409:Mackintosh 2021
1407:
1403:
1399:, pp. 119.
1397:Mackintosh 2021
1395:
1391:
1387:, pp. 129.
1385:Mackintosh 2021
1383:
1379:
1375:, pp. 122.
1373:Mackintosh 2021
1371:
1367:
1361:Wayback Machine
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1349:
1345:, pp. 121.
1343:Mackintosh 2021
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980:Mackintosh 2021
978:
971:
967:, pp. 125.
965:Mackintosh 2021
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858:
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760:Mozilla Firefox
711:The Joshua Tree
697:
684:will be added.
661:Māori activists
610:
583:
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508:Tāmaki Makaurau
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2559:South Auckland
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1984:. Stuff.co.nz
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768:
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739:
734:
730:
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726:
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724:One Tree Hill
720:
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706:One Tree Hill
703:
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649:Monterey pine
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520:Tūpuna Maunga
517:
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513:
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504:Tūpuna Maunga
501:
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489:
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477:
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466:Cornwall Park
465:
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442:Cornwall Park
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172:
171:volcanic peak
168:
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128:, New Zealand
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40:
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2769:Ngāti Whātua
2749:Cinder cones
2608:Matukutūruru
2602:Matukutūreia
2525:Styaks Swamp
2507:Hampton Park
2489:Taylors Hill
2477:Purchas Hill
2433:Ōrākei Basin
2402:
2279:
2257:
2241:
2217:
2183:
2161:
2133:
2128:
2104:
2097:
2091:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2060:, retrieved
2055:
2049:
2037:. Retrieved
2033:
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
2007:
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1982:Auckland Now
1981:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1955:
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1928:
1918:
1906:. Retrieved
1900:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1874:
1865:
1844:
1840:
1828:. Retrieved
1824:
1815:
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1787:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1759:
1735:. Retrieved
1728:
1704:. Retrieved
1700:the original
1695:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1668:
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1642:
1633:
1623:20 September
1621:. Retrieved
1617:
1608:
1598:20 September
1596:. Retrieved
1592:
1583:
1573:20 September
1571:. Retrieved
1567:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:
1533:
1521:. Retrieved
1519:. 1 May 2018
1516:
1507:
1495:. Retrieved
1491:
1482:
1470:. Retrieved
1466:
1443:
1431:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1350:
1322:Ballara 2003
1317:
1305:
1295:– via
1289:. Retrieved
1273:
1261:
1249:. Retrieved
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1204:
1195:
1189:
1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1166:. p. 51
1162:
1155:
1148:Ballara 2003
1143:
1133:24 September
1131:. Retrieved
1103:the original
1096:
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1065:
1055:
1043:. Retrieved
1026:
1014:. Retrieved
1003:
941:
929:. Retrieved
906:
873:
867:
854:
827:
823:
795:
789:
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126:North Island
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18:Maungakiekie
2672:North Shore
2584:Crater Hill
2531:Pukewairiki
2427:Mount Smart
2034:The Spinoff
2008:OurAuckland
1952:"Chain saw"
860:Fox, Aileen
764:Ben Goodger
689:The Spinoff
595:planetarium
357:from South
323:Kiwi Tāmaki
319:Kiwi Tāmaki
304:tōtara tree
139:Age of rock
100: /
88:174°46′59″E
75:Coordinates
2784:Te Waiohua
2738:Categories
2680:Maungauika
2620:Waitomokia
2519:Green Hill
2513:Ōtara Hill
2439:Puketāpapa
2227:1869402596
1936:1 November
1908:1 November
1793:4 December
1706:25 October
1676:25 October
1614:"About Us"
1310:Stone 2001
1266:Stone 2001
1223:21 October
1016:1 November
845:2292/51323
805:References
637:pōhutukawa
591:telescopes
419:and Queen
2716:Tank Farm
2698:Rangitoto
2686:Motukorea
2471:Maungarei
2140:Channel 2
1875:NZ Herald
1825:NZ Herald
898:Q58677038
882:0067-0464
687:In 2021,
289:Ngāti Awa
232:, behind
203:Greenlane
195:Royal Oak
148:Volcanic
113:Geography
85:36°54′0″S
65:Elevation
2759:Pā sites
2626:Ōtuataua
2566:Ash Hill
2308:held in
2216:(2001).
2182:(2021).
1961:1 August
1860:website)
1856:(from a
1849:Archived
1768:21 April
1737:21 April
1357:Archived
1241:(2015).
1170:22 March
1077:10 March
894:Wikidata
890:42906245
876:: 1–24.
862:(1977).
741:Asteroid
599:asteroid
526:Features
490:and the
417:George V
363:Onehunga
336:Onehunga
261:Kiekie (
211:Onehunga
179:Auckland
122:Location
2722:Onepoto
2638:Pukeiti
2590:Kohuora
2062:17 July
2039:17 July
2013:18 July
1988:11 June
1880:17 July
1830:17 July
1648:17 July
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1497:17 July
1472:17 July
1291:1 March
1251:29 June
1045:3 March
931:3 March
666:TradeMe
545:obelisk
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367:Māngere
359:Kaipara
348:Te Taoū
315:Waiohua
240:History
133:Geology
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645:Pākehā
632:tree.
630:tōtara
593:and a
285:kiekie
218:scoria
209:, and
207:Oranga
187:Pākehā
1286:(PDF)
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886:JSTOR
488:Crown
279:name
277:Māori
221:cones
199:Epsom
183:Māori
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