739:
132:
6542:
2138:
727:
156:
1892:
896:
437:
7502:
6594:
6576:
5662:
1983:
7514:
6418:
6558:
6549:
2227:
6567:
6603:
2061:, the lower jaw is relatively deep, which served to accommodate the very long hypselodont (evergrowing) teeth, which are considerably proportionally longer than those of other ground sloths. Like other ground sloths, the number of teeth in the jaw is reduced to 5 and 4 teeth in each half of the upper and lower jaws, respectively, and the teeth lack enamel. The teeth of
6585:
6621:
6614:
2332:, while probably not capable of moving at considerable speed due to limitiations of their skeletal anatomy, were likely significantly more agile and mobile than living sloths (likely capable of moving several kilometers an hour, as opposed to around 0.5–0.6 kilometres per hour (0.31–0.37 mph) in living tree sloths). Species of
2197:, they are also fused together at their distal (closest to foot) ends. The foot was heavily modified from those of other mammals and earlier ground sloths, with a reduction in the number of digits on the inner part of the foot (digits I and II being lost), the increase in the size and robustness (thickness) of the
810:) in the collection of the Paris museum, correctly recognised that the remains represented those of a giant sloth, and an animal that was entirely extinct and not living. In early 1796, somewhat before the full publication of the work by Bru, Garriga and Navarro, Cuvier published a paper naming the species
786:
At the direction of the cabinets main taxidermist Juan
Bautista Bru, the specimen was then mounted in for public exhibition (which remains unaltered in the modern museum display). In 1796 a scientific description of the skeleton was published authored by Bru along with engineer Joseph Garriga, with
2315:
individuals suggests that the species probably habitually moved in a quadrupedal posture and assumed a bipedal posture next to trees to feed on high-growing leaves, likely using its forelimbs to brace itself against the tree trunk, as well as to pull down higher branches within reach of its
3008:
Agnolin, Federico L.; Chimento, Nicolás R.; Brandoni, Diego; Boh, Daniel; Campo, Denise H.; Magnussen, Mariano; De Cianni, Francisco (2018-09-01). "New
Pleistocene remains of Megatherium filholi Moreno, 1888 (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Pampean Region: Implications for the diversity of
2209:
is wide and elongate posteriorly. The foot is suggested to have been inwardly rotated, historically the foot was suggested to be near vertical, though a recent study suggests that the angle was much shallower. The weight was primarily borne on the outer digits and the calcaneum.
778:
in a horse-like posture, though what kind of animal it actually was unknown. Campo summoned a number of local indigenous leaders to ask if they had heard of the animal. The skeleton was then transferred by Campo to the Royal
Cabinet of Natural History of Madrid (now the
2578:
was slaughtered and butchered at the edge of a swamp, which is the only confirmed giant ground-sloth kill site in the
Americas. At the site several stone tools were present, including the fragment of a projectile point. Another possible kill site is Arroyo Seco 2 near
3140:
2356:
shows that they are more similar to those of other large living mammals like elephants than living tree sloths, which may suggest that it was capable of vigorous activity similar to living elephants. The anatomy of its forelimb bones suggests that
4697:
3168:
3356:
Delsuc, Frédéric; Kuch, Melanie; Gibb, Gillian C.; Karpinski, Emil; Hackenberger, Dirk; Szpak, Paul; Martínez, Jorge G.; Mead, Jim I.; McDonald, H. Gregory; MacPhee, Ross D.E.; Billet, Guillaume; Hautier, Lionel; Poinar, Hendrik N. (June 2019).
2327:
was probably hairless like modern elephants for thermodynamic reasons. Based on fossil trackways and the anatomy of its inner ear, which is considerably different from living sloths and more similar to those of armadillos, species of
787:
engravings by Manuel
Navarro. As the work was going through the process of publication in 1795, preliminary prints of the paper were obtained by French diplomat Philippe-Rose Roume who was in Madrid at the time, who sent them to the
2547:, which are suggested to have been used to hunt megafauna, across the Pampas region and South America more broadly. At the Paso Otero 5 site in the Pampas of northeast Argentina, Fishtail points are associated with burned bones of
3994:
2310:
is widely thought to have been able to adopt a bipedal posture to use its forelimbs to grasp vegetation, though whether it was capable of moving in this posture is uncertain. Analysis of injuries on the clavicles of
3301:
De Iuliis, Gerardo; Pujos, François; Tito, Giuseppe (2009-12-12). "Systematic and taxonomic revision of the
Pleistocene ground sloth Megatherium (Pseudomegatherium) tarijense (Xenarthra: Megatheriidae)".
4203:
Bargo, M. S., & Vizcaíno, S. F. (2008). Paleobiology of
Pleistocene Ground Sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): Biomechanics, Morphogeometry and Ecomorphology Applied to the Masticatory Apparatus.
2361:
had the ability to rapidly and powerfully extend its arms, which likely made its claws effective stabbing weapons. It may have used its claws like this to defend itself, as living tree sloths do.
2551:
and other extinct megafauna. The bones appear to have been deliberately burned as a source of fuel. Due to the poor preservation of the bones there is no clear evidence of human modification.
3852:
Boscaini, Alberto; Iurino, Dawid A.; Sardella, Raffaele; Gaudin, Timothy J.; Pujos, François (2023), Dozo, María Teresa; Paulina-Carabajal, Ariana; Macrini, Thomas E.; Walsh, Stig (eds.),
2587:
bones amongst those of other megafauna were found associated with humans artifacts dating to approximately 14,782–11,142 cal yr BP. This hunting may have been a factor in its extinction.
696:
is widely thought to have been able to adopt a bipedal posture at least while standing, which allowed it to feed on high-growing leaves, as well as possibly to use its claws for defense.
854:, suggesting to Cuvier that the animal probably used its forelimbs to grasp. A later publication in 1823 by Cuvier suggested that giant carapaces found in the Pampas also belonged to
2065:
have sharp crests separated by v-shaped valleys, which interlock with the teeth on the opposing jaw. These teeth were self-sharpening, akin to rodent incisors. The skull and jaws of
3406:"New Remains of Megathericulus patagonicus Ameghino, 1904 (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) from the Serravallian (Middle Miocene) of Bolivia; Chronological and Biogeographical Implications"
738:
6631:
4270:"The Pampean region (Argentina) underwent larger variation in aridity than in temperature during the late Pleistocene: New evidence from the isotopic analysis of mammalian taxa"
6453:
2876:
Fernicola, J. C., Vizcaino, S. F., & De Iuliis, G. (2009). The fossil mammals collected by
Charles Darwin in South America during his travels on board the HMS Beagle.
2524:
had shrunk and become fragmented by the mid-Holocene. While this alone would not likely have caused its extinction, it has been cited as a possible contributing factor.
2033:
lacked the long prehensile tongue often attributed to it historically. The skull is roughly cylindrical in shape, with the cranial region of the skull being narrow. The
4488:
Anthony D. Barnosky; Paul L. Koch; Robert S. Feranec; Scott L. Wing; Alan B. Shabel (2004). "Assessing the Causes of Late
Pleistocene Extinctions on the Continents".
7625:
4698:
Paso Otero 5: A summary of the interdisciplinary lines of evidence for reconstructing early human occupation and paleoenvironment in the
Pampean region, Argentina
3783:
Perez, L. M.; Toledo, N.; De Lullis, G.; Bargo, M. S.; Vizcaino, S. F. (2010). "Morphology and Function of the Hyoid Apparatus of Xenarthran Fossils (Mammalia)".
3127:” C. Amegh. descubierto en el Pampeano inferior de la ciudad de Buenos Aires Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 31 (1921), pp. 134–156
4268:
Sanz-Pérez, Dánae; Hernández Fernández, Manuel; Tomassini, Rodrigo L.; Montalvo, Claudia I.; Beilinson, Elisa; Gasparini, Germán M.; Domingo, Laura (June 2022).
3995:"Paleopathologies of the Clavicles of the Giant Ground Sloth Megatherium americanum (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Pleistocene of the Pampean Region (Argentina)"
7724:
7638:
6858:
6613:
3105:
Philippi, R.A. 1893a. Vorläufige Nachricht über fossile Säugethierknochen von Ulloma, Bolivia. Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft 45: 87–96.
2570:, from separate collections, bear cut marks suggestive of butchery, with the latter suggested to represent an attempt to exploit the contents of the head. A
4861:
4753:
4751:
7719:
788:
2995:
Moreno, F.P. (1888): Informe preliminar de los progresos del Museo La Plata durante el primer semestre de 1888. – Boletín del Museo La Plata, 1: 1-35.
7599:
4891:
4551:"Potential Suitable Areas of Giant Ground Sloths Dropped Before its Extinction in South America: the Evidences from Bioclimatic Envelope Modeling"
3067:
Chimento, Nicolás R.; Agnolin, Federico L.; Brandoni, Diego; Boh, Daniel; Magnussen, Mariano; De Cianni, Francisco; Isla, Federico (April 2021).
4157:
Bocherens, Hervé; Cotte, Martin; Bonini, Ricardo A.; Straccia, Pablo; Scian, Daniel; Soibelzon, Leopoldo; Prevosti, Francisco J. (August 2017).
4081:"The Concept of a Pedolateral Pes Revisited: The Giant Sloths Megatherium and Eremotherium (Xenarthra, Folivora, Megatheriinae) as a Case Study"
7769:
6446:
2679:"Mamíferos extintos del Cuaternario de la Provincia del Chaco (Argentina) y su relación con aquéllos del este de la región pampeana y de Chile"
2306:
that was a selective feeder on the foliage, twigs and fruits of trees and shrubs. The sharp cusps of the teeth served to shear plant material.
7774:
7709:
7694:
3873:
2853:
2800:
763:
3145:(Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megatheriidae) and the Megatheriinae from the Ensenadan (lower to middle Pleistocene) of the Pampean region, Argentina
780:
6541:
4034:"Pyramiodontherium Rovereto (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megatheriinae) from the Early Pliocene of San Fernando, Catamarca Province, Argentina"
2574:
dating to around 12,600 years Before Present (BP), is known from Campo Laborde in the Pampas in Argentina, where a single individual of
4832:
2153:
are relatively elongate and thin. The three fingers in the middle of the hand bore claws, while the cuneiform bones did not touch the
4716:"The exploitation of megafauna during the earliest peopling of the Americas: An examination of nineteenth-century fossil collections"
7505:
6439:
537:
1914:
weighed around 3,700–4,000 kilograms (8,200–8,800 lb), comparable to an Asian elephant. The Late Pleistocene Andean-Altiplano
822:
has been controversial in the past. Cuvier later wrote a fuller description in 1804, which was republished in his famous 1812 book
7704:
3854:"The Endocranial Cavities of Sloths (Xenarthra, Folivora): Insights from the Brain Endocast, Bony Labyrinth, and Cranial Sinuses"
775:
2633:
2316:
prehensile lip. Isotopic analysis suggests that some individuals at certain times and places also consumed grass. The smaller
143:
4714:
Chichkoyan, Karina V.; Martínez-Navarro, Bienvenido; Moigne, Anne-Marie; Belinchón, Margarita; Lanata, José L. (June 2017).
4120:"Potential Distribution of Fossil Xenarthrans in South America during the Late Pleistocene: co-Occurrence and Provincialism"
647:
which was native to tropical South America, Central America and North America as far north as the southern United States.
7729:
7714:
7699:
6849:
6644:
3899:"Xenarthran dental microstructure and dental microwear analyses, with new data for Megatherium americanum (Megatheriidae)"
3646:"Splendid oddness: revisiting the curious trophic relationships of South American Pleistocene mammals and their abundance"
3194:"A new species of Megatherium (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Megatheriidae) from the Pleistocene of Sacaco and Tres Ventanas, Peru"
3114:
Philippi, R.A. 1893b. Noticias preliminares sobre huesos fósiles de Ulloma. Anales de la Universidad de Chile 82: 499–506.
2901:, Blumenbach). Part I. Preliminary observations on the exogenous processes of vertebrae. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 141:719–764
2029:(the joint connecting the two halves of the lower jaw) suggests that the tongue had limited ability to protrude, and thus
7754:
7749:
6754:
4884:
2517:
703:
4118:
Varela, Luciano; Tambusso, P. Sebastián; Patiño, Santiago J.; Di Giacomo, Mariana; Fariña, Richard A. (December 2018).
7764:
7734:
7689:
6724:
4704:, D. Vialou, Ed. (Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle. Departement de Prehistoire, U.M.R, Paris, 2011), pp. 271–284.
3445:"Pleistocene Mammals from Pampean Region (Argentina). Biostratigraphic, Biogeographic, and Environmental Implications"
878:
766:. Torres described the bones as a ‘wonder and providence of the Lord’. On the orders of the then viceroy of la Plata,
4634:"Late Pleistocene South American megafaunal extinctions associated with rise of Fishtail points and human population"
1922:
was likely comparable in size. These species were only rivalled in size amongst ground sloths by the closely related
886:
155:
7643:
566:
7779:
7739:
6815:
6792:
964:
based on remains found in the Pampas of Northern Argentina, of Early-Middle Pleistocene age. In 2001, the species
842:. Cuvier suggested that based on the proportions of its limbs (which are approximately equal to each other), that
7744:
6674:
2544:
7759:
2528:
707:
3993:
Chichkoyan, Karina V.; Villa, Chiara; Winkler, Viola; Manuelli, Luigi; Acuña Suarez, Gabriel E. (2022-12-16).
3069:"A new record of Megatherium (Folivora, Megatheriidae) in the late Pliocene of the Pampean region (Argentina)"
4349:, the hairless: appearance of the great Quaternary sloths (Mammalia; Xenarthra). Ameghiniana, 39(2), 241–244.
3898:
4877:
3256:
2610:
945:
783:
MNCN), which had been founded a decade prior in 7 crates, which had arrived and been unpacked by late 1788.
7529:
7317:
7202:
6524:
6022:
4505:
6341:
6008:
5382:
3525:"An advanced shape-fitting algorithm applied to quadrupedal mammals: improving volumetric mass estimates"
2840:, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 37–50,
1942:
was much smaller, with an estimated body mass of only 1,253 kilograms (2,762 lb), with the Peruvian
7651:
6948:
6876:
6762:
6692:
6687:
6488:
5872:
956:
from remains found in the Pleistocene of Bolivia and Chile, respectively. In 1921, Florentino's brother
819:
706:, simultaneously with the majority of other large mammals in the Americas. The extinctions followed the
131:
7509:
7158:
6737:
6557:
6376:
6348:
4758:
Martínez-Navarro, B.; Chichkoyan, K.V.; Moigne, A.-M.; Cioppi, E.; Belinchón, M.; Lanata, J.L. (2017).
3485:
3193:
2952:, Cuvier and Blumenbach). Part IV. Bones of the anterior extremities. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 148:261–278
2169:(collarbones), which serve to support the forelimb. Like other sloths, the clavicle is merged with the
2025:
suggests that they were relatively rigid, this along with the short distance between the hyoid and the
1558:
1493:
802:
Cuvier, working solely from the prints from Madrid and not visiting the specimen personally, and using
5907:
5435:
5272:
554:
7586:
7410:
7402:
7258:
6805:
6584:
6355:
6278:
6258:
5560:
5354:
5279:
4796:
4727:
4645:
4583:
4497:
4475:
4281:
4170:
3610:
3536:
3370:
3311:
3265:
3205:
3080:
2969:, Cuvier and Blumenbach). Part V. Bones of the posterior extremities. Phil Trans R Soc Lon149:809–829
2728:
2336:
likely relied on their large adult body size to protect themselves against predators. Whether or not
2303:
2026:
1906:
is one of the largest known ground sloths, with a total body length of around 6 metres (20 ft).
767:
685:
6001:
5787:
5756:
5595:
5293:
4761:
Description and interpretation of a Megatherium americanum atlas with evidence of human intervention
2137:
7138:
6927:
6732:
6697:
6682:
6548:
6313:
6292:
6059:
5952:
5764:
4510:
3694:"A Tale of Two Continents (and a Few Islands): Ecology and Distribution of Late Pleistocene Sloths"
3404:
Brandoni, Diego; Carlini, Alfredo A; Anaya, Federico; Gans, Phil; Croft, Darin A (September 2018).
2280:
937:
904:
803:
671:
412:
20:
6320:
5886:
5661:
5533:
1541:
1134:
from Argentina, of uncertain temporal provenance but possibly Pliocene in age, may also be valid.
814:(literally "Great American beast"), becoming the first fossil mammal to be identified with both a
726:
718:
was slaughtered and butchered is known, suggesting that hunting could have caused its extinction.
7485:
7477:
7436:
7392:
7384:
7373:
7102:
6955:
6828:
6800:
6566:
6498:
6111:
6083:
5893:
5858:
5802:
5740:
5574:
5485:
5389:
4812:
4784:
4611:
4531:
4269:
4158:
3808:
3358:
3335:
3283:
3068:
3042:
2806:
2638:
Cuvier, 1796 (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megatheriidae), from the Pliocene of the Bolivian Altiplano"
2161:
process of the ulna was relatively short. Like other xenarthrans, but unlike most other mammals,
2094:
1875:
1109:
862:
in 1839 demonstrated that these actually belonged to another extinct group of xenarthrans called
616:
453:
150:
6664:
6503:
5471:
5442:
3942:
3173:
Cuvier, 1796 (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megatheriidae), from the Pliocene of the Bolivian Altiplano
1123:
also from the Pleistocene of the Pampas region, historically regarded to be a junior synonym of
7656:
6417:
6390:
6188:
5914:
5817:
5478:
3831:
3252:
from the Pleistocene of the Peruvian Andes and the phylogenetic relationships of Megatheriines"
7630:
7284:
7276:
7249:
7109:
7088:
7067:
6941:
6892:
6772:
6767:
6602:
6575:
5900:
5851:
5144:
4765:
4679:
4661:
4603:
4523:
4457:
4439:
4398:
4380:
4328:
4250:
4139:
4100:
4061:
4014:
3970:
3962:
3918:
3869:
3800:
3765:
3757:
3715:
3667:
3626:
3598:
3570:
3552:
3505:
3466:
3425:
3386:
3327:
3221:
3034:
2849:
2796:
2762:
2744:
2715:
Politis, Gustavo G.; Messineo, Pablo G.; Stafford, Thomas W.; Lindsey, Emily L. (March 2019).
2496:
and other Pampas megafauna have been questioned, with suggestions that they are likely due to
2345:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2042:
1891:
1364:
1137:
7666:
7567:
7513:
6334:
6237:
2717:"Campo Laborde: A Late Pleistocene giant ground sloth kill and butchering site in the Pampas"
6652:
6181:
5710:
5361:
5213:
4804:
4735:
4669:
4653:
4595:
4562:
4515:
4447:
4429:
4388:
4372:
4320:
4289:
4242:
4234:
4186:
4178:
4159:"Isotopic insight on paleodiet of extinct Pleistocene megafaunal Xenarthrans from Argentina"
4131:
4092:
4053:
4045:
4006:
3954:
3910:
3861:
3792:
3749:
3705:
3657:
3618:
3560:
3544:
3497:
3456:
3417:
3378:
3319:
3273:
3213:
3088:
3026:
3018:
2918:, Cuvier and Blumenbach). Part II. Vertebrae of the trunk. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 145:359–388
2841:
2752:
2736:
2690:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2505:
2468:
2114:
2014:
1145:
922:
895:
689:
587:
499:
4855:
4079:
Toledo, Néstor; De Iuliis, Gerardo; Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Bargo, M. Susana (December 2018).
3599:"Bipedalism and quadrupedalism in Megatheriurn: an attempt at biomechanical reconstruction"
2520:. The use of bioclimatic envelope modeling indicates that the area of suitable habitat for
972:
was erected based on remains found in Pleistocene aged deposits Peru. In 2006, the species
911:
Owen later wrote a monograph series from 1851 to 1860 thoroughly describing the anatomy of
7420:
7310:
7195:
7167:
7095:
6823:
6709:
6704:
6362:
6102:
6070:
5824:
5526:
5096:
5029:
2567:
2497:
2415:
2126:
2054:
1333:
1206:
957:
755:
4841:
4033:
3853:
3737:
1127:
representing juvenile individuals has been suggested to be valid by some recent authors.
4800:
4731:
4649:
4501:
4476:
Young Darwin and the ecology and extinction of Pleistocene South American fossil mammals
4452:
4417:
4285:
4174:
3614:
3540:
3374:
3315:
3269:
3209:
3084:
2732:
2177:. The femur was massive and roughly rectangular in shape. As in most megatheriines, the
7359:
7294:
7229:
7174:
7127:
6969:
6782:
6777:
6714:
6593:
6519:
6493:
6483:
6369:
6306:
6285:
6167:
5994:
5987:
5925:
5810:
5778:
5692:
5679:
5629:
5505:
5420:
5396:
5340:
5333:
5286:
5251:
5199:
5038:
5018:
5008:
4674:
4633:
4393:
4360:
4308:
3622:
3565:
3524:
2833:
2757:
2716:
2536:
2387:
2050:
1510:
1444:
1435:
1338:
1308:
874:
831:
796:
759:
667:
659:
269:
2251:
have been found in low elevation areas to the east of the Andes mountains in northern
968:
was described based on remains found in the Pliocene of Bolivia. In 2004, the species
436:
7683:
7429:
7366:
7352:
7265:
7025:
6885:
6269:
6203:
6174:
6146:
6125:
6118:
5842:
5567:
5540:
5258:
5222:
5181:
4816:
4759:
4615:
4222:
4119:
4080:
3501:
3405:
3278:
3247:
3217:
3046:
2492:
are from the end of the Late Pleistocene. Supposed early Holocene dates obtained for
2443:
2431:
2380:
1479:
1431:
1419:
1269:
634:
579:
249:
236:
79:
4808:
4535:
4293:
3339:
3287:
2884:(1), 147–159. Retrieved from https://revista.geologica.org.ar/raga/article/view/1339
2695:
2678:
2652:
2259:
and adjacent areas in what is now northern Argentina, Uruguay, southern Bolivia and
2109:
have additional xenarthrous processes that articulate with the other vertebrae. The
1152:) are their closest living relatives. Phylogeny of sloths after Delsuc et al. 2019.
7452:
7444:
7345:
7303:
7188:
7032:
6990:
6983:
6913:
6299:
6251:
6244:
6216:
6153:
6090:
5730:
5496:
5449:
5427:
5407:
5319:
5236:
5114:
4999:
4988:
4361:"The inner ear of Megatherium and the evolution of the vestibular system in sloths"
3812:
2580:
2449:
2272:
2202:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1924:
1607:
1460:) and the Pampas (indeterminate species), dating to at least 3.6 millon years ago.
1227:
1176:
933:
859:
771:
639:
595:
575:
408:
278:
4599:
3662:
3645:
2294:
was an omnivore, isotopic analysis has supported an entirely herbivorous diet for
2283:, the Pampas was generally drier than it is at present with many areas exhibing a
4049:
4010:
3865:
3092:
2512:
disappeared simultaneously along with the vast majoriy (>80%) of other large (
881:
in the 1830s, these remains were assigned by Richard Owen in 1840 to the species
7612:
7561:
7338:
7331:
7324:
7081:
7074:
7053:
7046:
6976:
6962:
6920:
6906:
6899:
6742:
6383:
6228:
6132:
6015:
5980:
5945:
5879:
5831:
5602:
5588:
5551:
5512:
5463:
5456:
5368:
5347:
5243:
5058:
5048:
4978:
4307:
Dantas, Mário A. T.; Campbell, Sean Cody; McDonald, H. Gregory (December 2023).
3359:"Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Evolutionary History and Biogeography of Sloths"
3022:
2935:, Cuvier and Blumenbach). Part III. The skull. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 146:571–589
2845:
2563:
2532:
2426:
2018:
1982:
1105:
863:
795:) in Paris, France, where they were seen by French anatomist and paleontologist
666:
the following year wherein it caught the attention of the French paleontologist
54:
4740:
4715:
4657:
4324:
2834:"Changing Views in Paleontology: The Story of a Giant (Megatherium, Xenarthra)"
2810:
2788:
7466:
7459:
7181:
7060:
7039:
7004:
6997:
6139:
6049:
5966:
5938:
5865:
5748:
5265:
5137:
5123:
4769:
4359:
Billet, G.; Germain, D.; Ruf, I.; de Muizon, C.; Hautier, L. (December 2013).
4238:
4135:
4096:
3421:
3382:
2409:
2403:
2392:
2341:
2235:
2198:
2086:
2034:
1907:
834:
and the shoulder, while regarding the anatomy of its limbs as more similar to
223:
99:
64:
7552:
4665:
4607:
4443:
4384:
4332:
4254:
4182:
4143:
4104:
4065:
4018:
3966:
3922:
3914:
3761:
3719:
3630:
3556:
3509:
3470:
3429:
3331:
3225:
3038:
2748:
7238:
7217:
7209:
6934:
6620:
6160:
5959:
5375:
5130:
4931:
4567:
4550:
4519:
4418:"Femora nutrient foramina and aerobic capacity in giant extinct xenarthrans"
3738:"Muzzle of South American Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada)"
2571:
2513:
2437:
2397:
2349:
2252:
2239:
2226:
2206:
2189:
species are fused together at their proximal (closest to hip) end, while in
2158:
2118:
1439:
1423:
1313:
835:
807:
711:
604:
299:
167:
104:
48:
6657:
6431:
4683:
4584:"Comments on Archaeological Remains at the Monte Verde Site Complex, Chile"
4527:
4461:
4402:
3958:
3804:
3769:
3671:
3574:
3443:
Prado, José Luis; Alberdi, María Teresa; Bellinzoni, Jonathan (June 2021).
3390:
2766:
2740:
670:, who named the animal in 1796 and was the first to determine, by means of
7578:
3974:
2795:, A Cabinet of Curiosities, University of London Press, pp. 231–236,
2677:
Zurita, A. E.; Carlini, A. A.; Scillato-Yané, G. J.; Tonni, E. P. (2004).
2531:, with some of the earliest evidence of humans in South America being the
2368:
lived alongside other megafauna species, including the large ground sloth
846:
did not jump or run, nor crawl like living sloths, with the presence of a
7546:
7011:
5973:
5794:
5720:
5519:
5300:
5165:
5065:
4962:
4919:
3947:
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
3710:
3693:
3323:
2501:
2455:
2170:
2166:
2053:(and thus brain) relative to skull size, with the skull having extensive
1930:
1453:
1159:
988:
847:
839:
651:
591:
583:
187:
94:
89:
74:
69:
59:
41:
37:
4434:
4246:
3548:
3461:
3444:
976:
was erected for remains of Pleistocene age found in the Peruvian Andes.
7604:
7018:
5581:
5229:
5158:
5151:
4783:
Bampi, Hugo; Barberi, Maira; Lima-Ribeiro, Matheus S. (December 2022).
4190:
4057:
3796:
3753:
3736:
Bargo, M. Susana; Toledo, Néstor; Vizcaíno, Sergio F. (February 2006).
3030:
2421:
2374:
2174:
2110:
2082:
1974:
has been estimated to weigh 977–1,465 kilograms (2,154–3,230 lb).
1232:
851:
612:
109:
84:
7617:
4376:
619:
and Late Pleistocene. Various other species belonging to the subgenus
7147:
4946:
4925:
4913:
4900:
2395:(very large armadillos with fused round carapaces covering the body)
2284:
2256:
2182:
2122:
762:
in what is now northern Argentina, which at the time was part of the
608:
207:
197:
177:
7523:
4416:
Varela, Luciano; Tambusso, Sebastián; Fariña, Richard (2024-08-07).
2287:-like environment dominated by grass, with some areas of woodland.
662:
in what is now northern Argentina. The specimen was then shipped to
4309:"Paleoecological inferences about the Late Quaternary giant sloths"
4221:
Milne, Nick; Toledo, Nestor; Vizcaíno, Sergio F. (September 2012).
2543:
and other megafauna coincides with the appearance and abundance of
1422:
is suggested to have diverged from other sloth families during the
5085:
4854:
2832:
Argot, Christine (2008), Sargis, Eric J.; Dagosto, Marian (eds.),
2225:
2178:
2136:
894:
815:
737:
725:
663:
571:
4869:
2145:
showing enlarged and elongate calcaneum (left) and lateral digits
1874:
first appears in the fossil record during the second half of the
7591:
2201:
elements of the outer digits, with the loss or reduction of the
2154:
806:
with "edentate" mammals (now recognised as members of the order
7527:
6435:
5677:
4944:
4873:
2323:
Due to its very large body size, some authors have argued that
830:
as a sloth primarily on the basis of its skull morphology, the
2320:
has been suggested to have had a mixed feeding-browsing diet.
688:
that fed on the foliage and twigs of trees and shrubs using a
637:, which also includes the closely related and similarly giant
520:
3860:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 737–760,
2787:
Pimentel, Juan (2021), Pimentel, Juan; Thurner, Mark (eds.),
559:
547:
6619:
6612:
4582:
Dillehay, Tom D.; Pino, Mario; Ocampo, Carlos (2021-01-02).
3011:
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie – Abhandlungen
1990:(note: nasal septum is broken) Scale bar = 10 cm, ~ 4 inches
517:
2634:"The smallest and most ancient representative of the genus
526:
523:
511:
505:
4785:"Megafauna kill sites in South America: A critical review"
4549:
Lima-Ribeiro, Matheus Souza; et al. (December 2012).
4223:"Allometric and Group Differences in the Xenarthran Femur"
3169:
The smallest and most ancient representative of the genus
1442:, at least 12 million years ago, represented by the genus
944:
from remains of Pleistocene age found in Bolivia. In 1893
3523:
Brassey, Charlotte A.; Gardiner, James D. (August 2015).
2609:-based scientists who were attracted to that city by the
2479:
in the Pampas and adjacent regions, and the 5 species of
2372:, along with the smaller (but still large) ground sloths
2105:
Like other xenarthrans, the posterior trunk vertebrae of
692:-like prehensile upper lip. Despite its large body size,
508:
1998:
is relatively small compared to body size. The skull of
917:
From the late 19th century onward additional species of
758:
friar and naturalist, from a ravine on the banks of the
623:
ranging in size comparable to considerably smaller than
929:
for remains found in the Late Pleistocene of Argentina.
3644:
Fariña RA, Czerwonogora A, di Giacomo M (March 2014).
2344:
like living tree sloths is uncertain. Analysis of the
2234:
in an open landscape alongside two individuals of the
1426:, around 30 million years ago. The subfamily to which
702:
became extinct around 12,000 years ago as part of the
4032:
Bonini, Ricardo A.; Brandoni, Diego (December 2015).
3897:
Green, Jeremy L.; Kalthoff, Daniela C. (2015-08-03).
774:. There the skeleton was drawn for the first time by
538:
6046:
5775:
5736:
5726:
5716:
5316:
5210:
5111:
5054:
5044:
5014:
4984:
4974:
4764:. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia.
4478:
Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent., 64 (1) (2009), pp. 160-169
1958:) also having a considerably smaller body size than
1330:
1305:
1266:
1224:
1173:
824:
Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles de quadrupèdes.
419:
401:
390:
379:
368:
342:
331:
320:
7536:
7476:
7419:
7401:
7383:
7293:
7275:
7248:
7228:
7157:
7137:
7119:
6875:
6848:
6841:
6814:
6791:
6753:
6723:
6673:
6643:
6630:
6512:
6476:
6467:
6268:
6227:
6202:
6101:
6069:
6044:
5924:
5841:
5774:
5690:
5628:
5550:
5495:
5406:
5314:
5209:
5179:
5110:
5083:
5028:
4998:
4961:
3139:Brandoni D., Soibelzon E. & Scarano A. 2008. —
3009:Megatheriinae of the Quaternary of South America".
2218:based on various characters of the feet and hands.
2093:are distinguished from those species by their flat
529:
514:
502:
2613:'s rapidly growing collection, from 1857 to 1866.
2041:has a strongly developed ascending and descending
999:Taxonomy according to Pujos (2006) and De Iuliis
1472:. Phylogeny of Megatheriinae after Pujos, 2006:
2077:are distinguished from species of the subgenus
4632:Prates, Luciano; Perez, S. Ivan (2021-04-12).
4627:
4625:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2601:, named for the extinct animal and founded by
768:Nicolás Cristóbal del Campo, Marqués de Loreto
6447:
4885:
3167:Saint-André P.-A. & de Iuliis G. 2001. —
3123:C. Ameghino, L. Kraglievich Descripción del “
2535:site in Chile, dating to around 14,500 years
2069:show adaptation to powerful vertical biting.
754:was discovered in 1787 by Manuel de Torres a
8:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3192:Pujos, François; Salas, Rodolfo (May 2004).
2878:Revista De La Asociación Geológica Argentina
2002:has a relatively narrow snout/muzzle with a
1112:has sometimes been regarded as a synonym of
960:and Lucas Kraglievich described the species
4474:S.F. Vizcaíno, R.A. Fariña, J.C. Fernicola
3941:Fariña, R. A.; Blanco, R. E. (1996-12-22).
1464:is suggested to be more closely related to
921:were described. In 1888 Argentine explorer
889:in 1822. These remains are now assigned to
448:species in red, inferred from fossil finds
7524:
6845:
6640:
6473:
6454:
6440:
6432:
6208:
6075:
6066:
5930:
5838:
5702:
5698:
5687:
5674:
5625:
5412:
5325:
5191:
5187:
5107:
5103:
4967:
4958:
4954:
4941:
4892:
4878:
4870:
2632:Saint-André, P. A.; De Iuliis, G. (2001).
2290:Although some authors have suggested that
1448:. The earliest known remains of the genus
746:from 1863, depicting it with a short trunk
658:was discovered in 1787 on the bank of the
435:
130:
27:
4739:
4673:
4566:
4509:
4451:
4433:
4392:
3709:
3661:
3564:
3460:
3277:
2756:
2694:
2539:~(12,500 BC). The extinction interval of
2527:Towards the end of the Late Pleistocene,
2516:) South American mammals, as part of the
2475:were present in South America, including
2013:upper lip, similar to that of the living
4702:Peuplements et Préhistoire de l’Amérique
3650:Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
3073:Journal of South American Earth Sciences
2627:
2625:
1981:
1890:
818:and species name. Which description had
770:, the specimen was moved to the capital
2986:, Cuvier). Williams and Norgate, London
2621:
2129:is reduced. The tail is large in size.
2009:, and is suggested to have had a thick
708:first arrival of humans in the Americas
366:
318:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3892:
3890:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3135:
3133:
3003:
3001:
2554:There is evidence for the butchery of
730:Illustration of the first specimen of
19:For the often misspelt bacterium, see
3836:: Skull shape, bite forces, and diet
3826:
3824:
3822:
3731:
3729:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3351:
3349:
3187:
3185:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
7:
7725:Pleistocene mammals of South America
2982:, or Giant Ground-sloth of America (
2872:
2870:
2827:
2825:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2529:humans first arrived in the Americas
1910:analysis suggests that a full grown
793:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
444:Map showing the distribution of all
2488:The youngest unambiguous dates for
1763:
1741:
1719:
1697:
1643:
1628:
1599:
1533:
1526:
1485:
1475:
1298:
1291:
1259:
1199:
1191:
1166:
1155:
781:National Museum of Natural Sciences
710:, and one and potentially multiple
3692:McDonald, H. Gregory (June 2023).
3623:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1996.tb01842.x
3304:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2583:in the Pampas in Argentina, where
789:National Museum of Natural History
764:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
627:are known from the Andean region.
14:
7720:Pliocene mammals of South America
3250:Megatherium celendinense sp. nov.
2838:Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology
2125:was composed of 5 vertebrae. The
1878:, from around 400,000 years ago.
866:that were related to armadillos.
850:and well developed crests on the
327:Saint-Andre & De Iuliis, 2001
7512:
7501:
7500:
6601:
6592:
6583:
6574:
6565:
6556:
6547:
6540:
6416:
5660:
3502:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2005.00538.x
3279:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00522.x
3218:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00376.x
2518:end-Pleistocene extinction event
2413:, the large camel-like ungulate
1102:Ameghino & Kraglievich, 1921
1035:Ameghino & Kraglievich, 1921
1018:Saint-André & de Iuliis 2001
704:end-Pleistocene extinction event
498:
349:Ameghino & Kraglievich, 1921
154:
4809:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107851
4294:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107555
3484:Naish, Darren (November 2005).
2696:10.4067/S0716-02082004000100004
2453:, and the large sabertooth cat
123:Possible later date of 0.008 Ma
16:Genus of ground sloth (extinct)
4696:G. Martínez, M. A. Gutiérrez,
4313:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
4227:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
4124:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
4085:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
3486:"Fossils explained 51: Sloths"
3410:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
2793:New World Objects of Knowledge
2149:The bones of the forelimbs of
1576:Pyramiodontherium brevirostrum
1104:from the Pampas dating to the
144:Natural History Museum, London
1:
7770:Fossil taxa described in 1796
4600:10.1080/20555563.2020.1762399
3840:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
3663:10.1590/0001-3765201420120010
3597:Casinos, Adrià (March 1996).
2483:in the vicinity of the Andes.
2447:, the large short-faced bear
858:, but British paleontologist
7775:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
7710:Piacenzian first appearances
7695:Prehistoric placental genera
4050:10.5710/AMGH.16.06.2015.2902
4011:10.5710/AMGH.15.10.2022.3509
3866:10.1007/978-3-031-13983-3_19
3093:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102950
2978:Owen R (1861) Memoir on the
2651:(4): 625–645. Archived from
2302:is suggested to have been a
1082:Gervais & Ameghino, 1880
633:is part of the sloth family
560:
548:
2846:10.1007/978-1-4020-6997-0_3
2057:spaces. In many species of
590:. It is best known for the
7796:
4789:Quaternary Science Reviews
4741:10.1016/j.crpv.2016.11.003
4658:10.1038/s41467-021-22506-4
4555:Natureza & Conservação
4325:10.1007/s10914-023-09681-5
4274:Quaternary Science Reviews
3943:"Megatherium, the stabber"
3858:Paleoneurology of Amniotes
3529:Royal Society Open Science
2683:Revista Geológica de Chile
2279:open habitats. During the
1928:and the distantly related
885:, which had been named by
684:is thought to have been a
582:that lived from the Early
565:
553:
18:
7498:
6535:
6414:
6211:
6078:
5933:
5705:
5701:
5686:
5673:
5658:
5624:
5415:
5328:
5194:
5190:
5106:
4970:
4957:
4953:
4940:
4908:
4239:10.1007/s10914-011-9171-0
4136:10.1007/s10914-017-9406-9
4097:10.1007/s10914-017-9410-0
3422:10.1007/s10914-017-9384-y
3383:10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.043
1783:
1768:
1761:
1746:
1739:
1724:
1717:
1702:
1695:
1663:
1648:
1641:
1626:
1604:
1597:
1573:
1555:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1507:
1490:
1483:
1362:
1328:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1264:
1257:
1222:
1204:
1197:
1189:
1171:
1164:
776:José Custodio Sáa y Faria
750:The earliest specimen of
570:) 'beast') is an extinct
459:
452:
443:
434:
305:
298:
284:
277:
151:Scientific classification
149:
138:
129:
30:
6462:Paleontology in Colombia
4183:10.1016/j.gr.2017.04.003
3246:Pujos, François (2006).
2352:(shaft) of the femur of
2017:. The morphology of the
1986:Skull and lower jaws of
1920:Megatherium celendinense
1749:Megatherium celendinense
1666:Megatherium altiplanicum
1434:, first appeared in the
1140:sequences obtained from
974:Megatherium celendinense
887:Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest
643:, comparable in size to
7705:Pleistocene xenarthrans
4862:Encyclopædia Britannica
4568:10.4322/natcon.2012.022
4520:10.1126/science.1101476
3023:10.1127/njgpa/2018/0777
2611:Smithsonian Institution
2049:has a relatively small
1954:(all also belonging to
946:Rodolfo Amando Philippi
611:northwards to southern
586:through the end of the
426:Pujos & Salas, 2004
7203:Montrichardia aquatica
6624:
6617:
4865:(11th ed.). 1911.
4843:London Review of Books
4720:Comptes Rendus Palevol
4345:Fariña, R. A. (2002).
3959:10.1098/rspb.1996.0252
3915:10.1093/jmammal/gyv045
3834:Megatherium americanum
2984:Megatherium americanum
2967:Megatherium americanum
2950:Megatherium americanum
2933:Megatherium americanum
2916:Megatherium americanum
2899:Megatherium americanum
2741:10.1126/sciadv.aau4546
2549:Megatherium americanum
2494:Megatherium americanum
2366:Megatherium americanum
2354:Megatherium americanum
2325:Megatherium americanum
2300:Megatherium americanum
2265:Megatherium americanum
2249:Megatherium americanum
2244:
2232:Megatherium americanum
2146:
2107:Megatherium americanum
2063:Megatherium americanum
1991:
1900:
1897:Megatherium americanum
1872:Megatherium americanum
1651:Megatherium americanum
1091:Pujos & Salas 2004
980:Taxonomy and evolution
940:described the species
908:
869:Additional remains of
812:Megatherium americanum
752:Megatherium americanum
747:
744:Megatherium americanum
735:
732:Megatherium americanum
694:Megatherium americanum
682:Megatherium americanum
600:Megatherium americanum
288:Megatherium americanum
36:Temporal range: Early
7652:Paleobiology Database
6949:Galbula hylochoreutes
6623:
6616:
4638:Nature Communications
3785:Journal of Morphology
3742:Journal of Morphology
3143:Megatherium gallardoi
3125:Megatherium gallardoi
2961:Owen R (1859) On the
2944:Owen R (1858) On the
2927:Owen R (1856) On the
2910:Owen R (1855) On the
2893:Owen R (1851) On the
2500:contamination of the
2318:Megatherium tarijense
2229:
2140:
2113:was connected to the
2081:by the fusion of the
1985:
1948:Megatherium tarijense
1894:
1786:Megatherium tarijense
1099:Megatherium gallardoi
962:Megatherium gallardoi
898:
742:Life illustration of
741:
729:
603:, native to northern
7730:Fossils of Argentina
7715:Holocene extinctions
7700:Pliocene xenarthrans
7259:Pachyrhizodus etayoi
3903:Journal of Mammalogy
3711:10.3390/land12061192
3369:(12): 2031–2042.e6.
3324:10.1671/039.029.0426
2429:(elephant-relative)
2419:and rhinoceros-like
2263:in southern Brazil.
2027:mandibular symphysis
1944:Megatherium urbinai,
1456:, found in Bolivia (
948:erected the species
925:erected the species
879:Voyage of the Beagle
7755:Fossils of Paraguay
7750:Fossils of Colombia
6928:Dracaena colombiana
6636:stratigraphic units
6342:Perezfontanatherium
5383:Paroctodontotherium
4856:"Megatherium"
4835:Walking With Beasts
4801:2022QSRv..29807851B
4732:2017CRPal..16..440C
4650:2021NatCo..12.2175P
4502:2004Sci...306...70B
4435:10.7717/peerj.17815
4286:2022QSRv..28607555S
4175:2017GondR..48....7B
3953:(1377): 1725–1729.
3615:1996Letha..29...87C
3549:10.1098/rsos.150302
3541:2015RSOS....250302B
3462:10.3390/quat4020015
3375:2019CBio...29E2031D
3316:2009JVPal..29.1244D
3270:2006Palgy..49..285P
3210:2004Palgy..47..579P
3085:2021JSAES.10702950C
2733:2019SciA....5.4546P
2591:Cultural references
2281:Last Glacial Period
2089:, while members of
1952:Megatherium medinae
1899:compared to a human
1771:Megatherium medinae
1727:Megatherium urbinai
1468:than to species of
1452:are known from the
1129:Megatherium gaudryi
1118:Megatherium filholi
970:Megatherium urbinai
938:Florentino Ameghino
927:Megatherium filholi
905:Crystal Palace Park
883:Megatherium cuvieri
804:comparative anatomy
678:was a giant sloth.
672:comparative anatomy
21:Bacillus megaterium
7765:Fossils of Uruguay
7735:Fossils of Bolivia
7690:Prehistoric sloths
7374:Stenorhynchosaurus
6956:Granastrapotherium
6625:
6618:
5873:Megalonychotherium
5390:Pseudoprepotherium
4365:Journal of Anatomy
3830:Bargo, M.S. 2001.
3797:10.1002/jmor.10859
3754:10.1002/jmor.10399
3179:2001 (4): 625–645.
3151:2008 (4): 793-804.
2245:
2147:
2095:occipital condyles
1992:
1901:
1876:Middle Pleistocene
1705:Megatherium sundti
1110:Middle Pleistocene
997:Pseudomegatherium.
987:is divided into 2
909:
873:were collected by
748:
736:
617:Middle Pleistocene
7780:Neogene Argentina
7740:Fossils of Brazil
7677:
7676:
7530:Taxon identifiers
7521:
7520:
7494:
7493:
7110:Xenastrapotherium
7089:Saimiri annectens
6942:Eunectes stirtoni
6893:Aramus paludigrus
6837:
6836:
6533:
6532:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6412:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6377:Pyramiodontherium
6349:Plesiomegatherium
6198:
6197:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6032:
6031:
5901:Proschismotherium
5669:
5668:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5310:
5309:
5175:
5174:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5074:
4377:10.1111/joa.12114
4163:Gondwana Research
3875:978-3-031-13982-6
3832:The ground sloth
2855:978-1-4020-6996-3
2802:978-1-908857-82-8
2605:, was a group of
2481:Pseudomegatherium
2346:nutrient foramina
2261:Rio Grande do Sul
2091:Pseudomegatherium
2079:Pseudomegatherium
1956:Pseudomegatherium
1936:Pseudomegatherium
1916:Pseudomegatherium
1868:
1867:
1859:
1858:
1850:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1804:
1796:
1795:
1691:Pseudomegatherium
1676:
1675:
1586:
1585:
1559:Pyramiodontherium
1494:Plesiomegatherium
1470:Pseudomegatherium
1416:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1389:
1388:
1380:
1379:
1365:Three-toed sloths
1351:
1350:
1245:
1244:
1146:three-toed sloths
1138:Mitochondrial DNA
1133:
1122:
1103:
1043:Pseudomegatherium
1036:
907:, London, England
826:Cuver identified
621:Pseudomegatherium
489:
488:
427:
416:
398:
387:
376:
363:
360:Pseudomegatherium
350:
339:
328:
315:
273:
124:
7787:
7745:Fossils of Chile
7670:
7669:
7660:
7659:
7647:
7646:
7634:
7633:
7621:
7620:
7608:
7607:
7595:
7594:
7582:
7581:
7572:
7571:
7570:
7557:
7556:
7555:
7525:
7516:
7504:
7503:
6846:
6641:
6605:
6596:
6587:
6578:
6569:
6560:
6551:
6544:
6474:
6456:
6449:
6442:
6433:
6420:
6209:
6182:Pronothrotherium
6076:
6067:
6048:
5931:
5908:Pseudortotherium
5839:
5777:
5738:
5728:
5718:
5703:
5699:
5688:
5675:
5664:
5626:
5436:Glossotheriopsis
5413:
5362:Octodontotherium
5326:
5318:
5273:Scelidotheridium
5214:Scelidotheriidae
5212:
5192:
5188:
5113:
5108:
5104:
5056:
5046:
5016:
4986:
4976:
4968:
4959:
4955:
4942:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4871:
4866:
4858:
4821:
4820:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4755:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4711:
4705:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4677:
4629:
4620:
4619:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4513:
4485:
4479:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4455:
4437:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4396:
4356:
4350:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4218:
4212:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4029:
4023:
4022:
3990:
3979:
3978:
3938:
3927:
3926:
3894:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3849:
3843:
3828:
3817:
3816:
3791:(9): 1119–1133.
3780:
3774:
3773:
3733:
3724:
3723:
3713:
3689:
3676:
3675:
3665:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3594:
3579:
3578:
3568:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3464:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3310:(4): 1244–1251.
3298:
3292:
3291:
3281:
3243:
3230:
3229:
3189:
3180:
3165:
3152:
3137:
3128:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3064:
3051:
3050:
3005:
2996:
2993:
2987:
2976:
2970:
2959:
2953:
2942:
2936:
2925:
2919:
2908:
2902:
2891:
2885:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2784:
2771:
2770:
2760:
2721:Science Advances
2712:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2642:
2629:
2607:Washington, D.C.
2603:William Stimpson
2598:Megatherium Club
2506:radiocarbon date
2469:Late Pleistocene
2115:caudal vertebrae
2015:black rhinoceros
1950:and the Chilean
1764:
1742:
1720:
1698:
1644:
1629:
1600:
1534:
1527:
1486:
1476:
1332:
1307:
1299:
1292:
1268:
1260:
1226:
1200:
1192:
1177:Caribbean sloths
1175:
1167:
1156:
1131:
1120:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1046:Kraglievich 1931
1034:
1028:
1019:
923:Francisco Moreno
722:Research history
690:black rhinoceros
615:during the late
588:Late Pleistocene
569:
563:
557:
551:
542:
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
483:
475:
467:
463:Essonodontherium
439:
425:
421:
407:
403:
396:
392:
385:
381:
374:
370:
357:
348:
344:
337:
333:
326:
322:
309:
268:
261:
248:
235:
222:
159:
158:
134:
122:
121:
51:
28:
7795:
7794:
7790:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7785:
7784:
7760:Fossils of Peru
7680:
7679:
7678:
7673:
7665:
7663:
7655:
7650:
7642:
7637:
7629:
7624:
7616:
7611:
7603:
7598:
7590:
7585:
7577:
7575:
7566:
7565:
7560:
7551:
7550:
7545:
7532:
7522:
7517:
7490:
7472:
7415:
7397:
7393:Dinosaur tracks
7379:
7311:Callawayasaurus
7289:
7271:
7244:
7224:
7196:Cerrejonisuchus
7168:Acherontisuchus
7153:
7133:
7115:
7096:Saimiri fieldsi
6871:
6842:Notable fossils
6833:
6810:
6787:
6763:La Frontera Fm.
6749:
6719:
6688:Castilletes Fm.
6669:
6635:
6633:
6626:
6611:
6610:
6609:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6598:
6597:
6589:
6588:
6580:
6579:
6571:
6570:
6562:
6561:
6553:
6552:
6529:
6508:
6469:
6463:
6460:
6430:
6421:
6396:
6363:Proeremotherium
6356:Pliomegatherium
6279:Anisodontherium
6264:
6259:Proprepotherium
6223:
6194:
6103:Nothrotheriinae
6097:
6071:Nothrotheriidae
6065:
6052:
6028:
5920:
5837:
5825:Proplatyarthrus
5770:
5695:
5682:
5665:
5644:
5608:
5561:Glossotheridium
5546:
5527:Magdalenabradys
5491:
5402:
5355:Octodontobradys
5322:
5306:
5280:Scelidotheriops
5205:
5184:
5171:
5102:
5097:Pseudoglyptodon
5088:
5071:
5030:Myrmecophagidae
5024:
4994:
4949:
4936:
4904:
4898:
4853:
4849:– Steven Shapin
4829:
4824:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4757:
4756:
4749:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4695:
4691:
4631:
4630:
4623:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4496:(5693): 70–75.
4487:
4486:
4482:
4473:
4469:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4344:
4340:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4202:
4198:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4031:
4030:
4026:
3992:
3991:
3982:
3940:
3939:
3930:
3896:
3895:
3888:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3829:
3820:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3735:
3734:
3727:
3691:
3690:
3679:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3596:
3595:
3582:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3363:Current Biology
3355:
3354:
3347:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3245:
3244:
3233:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3166:
3155:
3138:
3131:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3066:
3065:
3054:
3007:
3006:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2977:
2973:
2960:
2956:
2943:
2939:
2926:
2922:
2909:
2905:
2892:
2888:
2875:
2868:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2815:
2813:
2811:j.ctv1vbd275.38
2803:
2786:
2785:
2774:
2727:(3): eaau4546.
2714:
2713:
2704:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2623:
2619:
2593:
2558:by humans. Two
2545:Fishtail points
2471:, 6 species of
2465:
2364:In the Pampas,
2224:
2135:
2127:pubic symphysis
2103:
2075:M. altiplanicum
2045:. The skull of
1980:
1972:M. altiplanicum
1889:
1884:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1677:
1587:
1462:M. altiplanicum
1458:M. altiplanicum
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1352:
1334:Nothrotheriidae
1255:Megatherioidea
1246:
1207:Two-toed sloths
1162: (sloths)
1144:indicates that
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1052:M. celendinense
1045:
1026:
1017:
1015:M. altiplanicum
982:
966:M. altiplanicum
958:Carlos Ameghino
724:
540:
501:
497:
481:
473:
465:
430:
372:M. celendinense
365:
364:
353:
324:M. altiplanicum
317:
316:
294:
291:
267:
259:
246:
233:
220:
153:
125:
120:
119:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
46:
45:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7793:
7791:
7783:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7682:
7681:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7671:
7661:
7648:
7635:
7622:
7609:
7596:
7583:
7573:
7558:
7542:
7540:
7534:
7533:
7528:
7519:
7518:
7499:
7496:
7495:
7492:
7491:
7489:
7488:
7482:
7480:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7470:
7463:
7456:
7449:
7440:
7433:
7425:
7423:
7417:
7416:
7414:
7413:
7407:
7405:
7403:Valle Alto Fm.
7399:
7398:
7396:
7395:
7389:
7387:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7377:
7370:
7363:
7360:Platypterygius
7356:
7349:
7342:
7335:
7328:
7321:
7314:
7307:
7299:
7297:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7287:
7281:
7279:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7262:
7254:
7252:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7234:
7232:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7213:
7206:
7199:
7192:
7185:
7178:
7175:Anthracosuchus
7171:
7163:
7161:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7151:
7143:
7141:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7128:Colombitherium
7123:
7121:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7113:
7106:
7099:
7092:
7085:
7078:
7071:
7064:
7057:
7050:
7043:
7036:
7029:
7022:
7015:
7008:
7001:
6994:
6987:
6980:
6973:
6970:Hilarcotherium
6966:
6959:
6952:
6945:
6938:
6931:
6924:
6917:
6910:
6903:
6896:
6889:
6881:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6862:
6854:
6852:
6843:
6839:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6831:
6826:
6820:
6818:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6808:
6806:Valle Alto Fm.
6803:
6797:
6795:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6759:
6757:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6747:
6746:
6745:
6735:
6729:
6727:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6690:
6685:
6679:
6677:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6667:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6649:
6647:
6638:
6628:
6627:
6600:
6599:
6591:
6590:
6582:
6581:
6573:
6572:
6564:
6563:
6555:
6554:
6546:
6545:
6539:
6538:
6537:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6516:
6514:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6480:
6478:
6471:
6465:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6458:
6451:
6444:
6436:
6427:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6394:
6387:
6380:
6373:
6370:Promegatherium
6366:
6359:
6352:
6345:
6338:
6331:
6324:
6317:
6310:
6307:Megathericulus
6303:
6296:
6289:
6286:Diabolotherium
6282:
6274:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6262:
6255:
6248:
6241:
6233:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6212:
6206:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6185:
6178:
6171:
6168:Nothrotheriops
6164:
6157:
6150:
6143:
6136:
6129:
6122:
6115:
6107:
6105:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6087:
6079:
6073:
6064:
6063:
6055:
6053:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6019:
6012:
6005:
6002:Protomegalonyx
5998:
5995:Pliometanastes
5991:
5988:Pattersonocnus
5984:
5977:
5970:
5963:
5956:
5949:
5942:
5934:
5928:
5926:Megalonychinae
5922:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5911:
5904:
5897:
5890:
5883:
5876:
5869:
5862:
5855:
5847:
5845:
5836:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5811:Mesopotamocnus
5807:
5799:
5791:
5788:Deseadognathus
5783:
5781:
5779:Megalonychidae
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5760:
5757:Schismotherium
5752:
5744:
5734:
5724:
5714:
5706:
5696:
5693:Megatherioidea
5691:
5684:
5683:
5680:Megatherioidea
5678:
5671:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5634:
5632:
5630:Megatherioidea
5622:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5606:
5599:
5596:Pleurolestodon
5592:
5585:
5578:
5571:
5564:
5556:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5537:
5530:
5523:
5516:
5509:
5506:Bolivartherium
5501:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5424:
5421:Archaeomylodon
5416:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5397:Urumacotherium
5393:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5351:
5344:
5341:Eionaletherium
5337:
5334:Baraguatherium
5329:
5323:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5297:
5294:Sibyllotherium
5290:
5287:Scelidotherium
5283:
5276:
5269:
5262:
5255:
5252:Neonematherium
5248:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5218:
5216:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5195:
5185:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5119:
5117:
5101:
5100:
5091:
5089:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5062:
5052:
5042:
5034:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5019:Palaeomyrmidon
5012:
5004:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4982:
4971:
4965:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4928:
4922:
4916:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4851:
4839:
4828:
4827:External links
4825:
4823:
4822:
4775:
4747:
4726:(4): 440–451.
4706:
4689:
4621:
4574:
4561:(2): 145–151.
4541:
4511:10.1.1.574.332
4480:
4467:
4408:
4371:(6): 557–567.
4351:
4338:
4319:(4): 891–905.
4299:
4260:
4233:(3): 199–208.
4213:
4196:
4149:
4130:(4): 539–550.
4110:
4091:(4): 525–537.
4071:
4044:(6): 647–655.
4024:
3980:
3928:
3909:(4): 645–657.
3886:
3874:
3844:
3842:46,2, 173–192.
3818:
3775:
3748:(2): 248–263.
3725:
3677:
3636:
3580:
3515:
3496:(6): 232–238.
3476:
3435:
3416:(3): 327–337.
3396:
3345:
3293:
3264:(2): 285–306.
3231:
3204:(3): 579–604.
3181:
3153:
3129:
3116:
3107:
3098:
3052:
3017:(3): 339–348.
2997:
2988:
2971:
2954:
2937:
2920:
2903:
2886:
2866:
2854:
2821:
2801:
2772:
2702:
2669:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2592:
2589:
2568:atlas vertebra
2537:Before Present
2533:Monte Verde II
2464:
2461:
2435:, the equines
2388:Scelidotherium
2223:
2220:
2134:
2131:
2102:
2101:Axial skeleton
2099:
2051:cranial cavity
1979:
1978:Skull and jaws
1976:
1960:M. americanum.
1934:. The Chilean
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1627:
1625:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1511:Megathericulus
1506:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1474:
1445:Megathericulus
1436:Middle Miocene
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1339:Nothrotheriops
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1309:Megalonychidae
1302:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1195:Mylodontoidea
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1116:. The species
1096:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1020:
981:
978:
913:M. americanum.
891:M. americanum.
875:Charles Darwin
832:dental formula
797:Georges Cuvier
723:
720:
668:Georges Cuvier
654:) specimen of
645:M. americanum,
487:
486:
485:
484:
476:
468:
457:
456:
450:
449:
441:
440:
432:
431:
429:
428:
417:
399:
397:Philippi, 1893
388:
386:Philippi, 1893
377:
356:
355:
354:
352:
351:
340:
329:
308:
307:
306:
303:
302:
296:
295:
292:
282:
281:
275:
274:
257:
253:
252:
244:
240:
239:
231:
227:
226:
218:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
147:
146:
136:
135:
127:
126:
115:
114:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
52:
35:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7792:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7668:
7662:
7658:
7653:
7649:
7645:
7640:
7636:
7632:
7627:
7623:
7619:
7614:
7610:
7606:
7601:
7597:
7593:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7574:
7569:
7563:
7559:
7554:
7548:
7544:
7543:
7541:
7539:
7535:
7531:
7526:
7515:
7511:
7507:
7497:
7487:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7469:
7468:
7464:
7462:
7461:
7457:
7455:
7454:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7446:
7441:
7439:
7438:
7434:
7432:
7431:
7430:Antarctilamna
7427:
7426:
7424:
7422:
7418:
7412:
7409:
7408:
7406:
7404:
7400:
7394:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7386:
7382:
7376:
7375:
7371:
7369:
7368:
7367:Sachicasaurus
7364:
7362:
7361:
7357:
7355:
7354:
7353:Padillasaurus
7350:
7348:
7347:
7343:
7341:
7340:
7336:
7334:
7333:
7329:
7327:
7326:
7322:
7320:
7319:
7318:Desmatochelys
7315:
7313:
7312:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7301:
7300:
7298:
7296:
7292:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7274:
7268:
7267:
7266:Yaguarasaurus
7263:
7261:
7260:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7251:
7247:
7241:
7240:
7236:
7235:
7233:
7231:
7227:
7221:
7220:
7219:
7214:
7212:
7211:
7207:
7205:
7204:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7193:
7191:
7190:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7179:
7177:
7176:
7172:
7170:
7169:
7165:
7164:
7162:
7160:
7156:
7150:
7149:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7140:
7136:
7130:
7129:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7120:Gualanday Gp.
7118:
7112:
7111:
7107:
7105:
7104:
7100:
7098:
7097:
7093:
7091:
7090:
7086:
7084:
7083:
7079:
7077:
7076:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7065:
7063:
7062:
7058:
7056:
7055:
7051:
7049:
7048:
7044:
7042:
7041:
7037:
7035:
7034:
7030:
7028:
7027:
7026:Miocallicebus
7023:
7021:
7020:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7009:
7007:
7006:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6995:
6993:
6992:
6988:
6986:
6985:
6981:
6979:
6978:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6967:
6965:
6964:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6951:
6950:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6939:
6937:
6936:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6925:
6923:
6922:
6918:
6916:
6915:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6904:
6902:
6901:
6897:
6895:
6894:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6886:Anachlysictis
6883:
6882:
6880:
6878:
6874:
6868:
6867:
6863:
6861:
6860:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6847:
6844:
6840:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6817:
6813:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6790:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6756:
6752:
6744:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6726:
6722:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6683:Barzalosa Fm.
6681:
6680:
6678:
6676:
6672:
6666:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6646:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:fossiliferous
6629:
6622:
6615:
6604:
6595:
6586:
6577:
6568:
6559:
6550:
6543:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6515:
6511:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6475:
6472:
6466:
6457:
6452:
6450:
6445:
6443:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6419:
6393:
6392:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6360:
6358:
6357:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6339:
6337:
6336:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6314:Megatheridium
6311:
6309:
6308:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6293:Eomegatherium
6290:
6288:
6287:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6270:Megatheriinae
6267:
6261:
6260:
6256:
6254:
6253:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6219:
6218:
6214:
6213:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6204:Megatheriidae
6201:
6191:
6190:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6177:
6176:
6175:Nothrotherium
6172:
6170:
6169:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6147:Mcdonaldocnus
6144:
6142:
6141:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6126:Chasicobradys
6123:
6121:
6120:
6119:Aymaratherium
6116:
6114:
6113:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6093:
6092:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6081:
6080:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6068:
6062:
6061:
6060:Analcimorphus
6057:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6043:
6025:
6024:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5955:
5954:
5953:Megalonychops
5950:
5948:
5947:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5936:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5917:
5916:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5843:Ortotheriinae
5840:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5773:
5767:
5766:
5765:Similhapalops
5761:
5759:
5758:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5708:
5707:
5704:
5700:
5697:
5694:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5676:
5672:
5663:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5568:Glossotherium
5565:
5563:
5562:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5543:
5542:
5541:Thinobadistes
5538:
5536:
5535:
5531:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5488:
5487:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5405:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5313:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5259:Proscelidodon
5256:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5223:Analcitherium
5220:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5197:
5196:
5193:
5189:
5186:
5183:
5182:Mylodontoidea
5178:
5168:
5167:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5082:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4990:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4943:
4939:
4933:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4902:
4895:
4890:
4888:
4883:
4881:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4864:
4863:
4857:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4838:
4837:– Megatherium
4836:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4779:
4776:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4762:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4742:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4693:
4690:
4685:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4578:
4575:
4569:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4545:
4542:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4468:
4463:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4412:
4409:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4300:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4264:
4261:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4217:
4214:
4211:(1), 175–196.
4210:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4153:
4150:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4114:
4111:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4028:
4025:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3848:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3656:(1): 311–31.
3655:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3535:(8): 150302.
3534:
3530:
3526:
3519:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3490:Geology Today
3487:
3480:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3439:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3297:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3257:Palaeontology
3253:
3251:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3198:Palaeontology
3195:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3177:Geodiversitas
3174:
3172:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3149:Geodiversitas
3146:
3144:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2857:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2789:"Megatherium"
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2670:
2658:on 2013-10-29
2654:
2650:
2646:
2645:Geodiversitas
2639:
2637:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2585:M. americanum
2582:
2577:
2576:M. americanum
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2560:M. americanum
2557:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2477:M. americanum
2474:
2470:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2444:Equus neogeus
2440:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2432:Notiomastodon
2428:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2381:Glossotherium
2377:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2359:M. americanum
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2319:
2314:
2313:M. americanum
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2216:M. americanum
2214:differs from
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2191:M. americanum
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2151:M. americanum
2144:
2139:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:M. americanum
2068:
2067:M. americanum
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:M. americanum
2044:
2040:
2039:M. americanum
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
2000:M. americanum
1997:
1989:
1988:M. americanum
1984:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1962:The Pliocene
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1912:M. americanum
1909:
1905:
1904:M. americanum
1898:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1837:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1480:Megatheriinae
1478:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1466:M. americanum
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1432:Megatheriinae
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:Megatheriidae
1412:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1270:Megatheriidae
1262:
1261:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:M. americanum
1139:
1135:
1132:Moreno (1888)
1130:
1126:
1125:M. americanum
1119:
1115:
1114:M. americanum
1111:
1107:
1100:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1073:Philippi 1893
1071:
1067:
1064:Philippi 1893
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1032:†M. gallardoi
1030:
1025:
1024:M. americanum
1021:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
979:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
928:
924:
920:
915:
914:
906:
903:sculpture in
902:
901:M. americanum
899:19th century
897:
893:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
800:
798:
794:
790:
784:
782:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
745:
740:
733:
728:
721:
719:
717:
716:M. americanum
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
641:
636:
635:Megatheriidae
632:
628:
626:
625:M. americanum
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:South America
577:
576:ground sloths
573:
568:
562:
556:
550:
546:; from Greek
545:
544:
534:
495:
494:
482:Ameghino 1889
480:
477:
474:Ameghino 1885
472:
469:
466:Ameghino 1884
464:
461:
460:
458:
455:
451:
447:
442:
438:
433:
424:
418:
414:
410:
406:
400:
395:
389:
384:
378:
373:
367:
362:
361:
347:
341:
336:
335:M. americanum
330:
325:
319:
314:
313:
304:
301:
297:
290:
289:
283:
280:
276:
271:
266:
265:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:Megatheriinae
245:
242:
241:
238:
237:Megatheriidae
232:
229:
228:
225:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
157:
152:
148:
145:
141:
140:M. americanum
137:
133:
128:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
50:
47:5–0.010
43:
39:
33:
29:
26:
22:
7537:
7478:Floresta Fm.
7465:
7458:
7453:Holoptychius
7451:
7445:Bothriolepis
7443:
7442:
7435:
7428:
7385:Arcabuco Fm.
7372:
7365:
7358:
7351:
7346:Muiscasaurus
7344:
7337:
7330:
7323:
7316:
7309:
7304:Acostasaurus
7302:
7264:
7257:
7237:
7216:
7215:
7208:
7201:
7194:
7189:Cerrejonemys
7187:
7180:
7173:
7166:
7159:Cerrejón Fm.
7146:
7126:
7108:
7101:
7094:
7087:
7080:
7073:
7066:
7059:
7052:
7045:
7038:
7033:Miocochilius
7031:
7024:
7017:
7010:
7003:
6996:
6991:Huilatherium
6989:
6984:Hondadelphys
6982:
6975:
6968:
6961:
6954:
6947:
6940:
6933:
6926:
6919:
6914:Cebupithecia
6912:
6905:
6898:
6891:
6884:
6865:
6864:
6859:Gomphotheres
6857:
6829:Floresta Fm.
6801:Arcabuco Fm.
6738:Cerrejón Fm.
6513:19th century
6389:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6347:
6340:
6333:
6327:
6326:
6321:Megatheriops
6319:
6312:
6305:
6300:Eremotherium
6298:
6291:
6284:
6277:
6257:
6252:Prepoplanops
6250:
6245:Prepotherium
6243:
6236:
6217:Thalassocnus
6215:
6187:
6180:
6173:
6166:
6159:
6154:Mionothropus
6152:
6145:
6138:
6131:
6124:
6117:
6110:
6091:Thalassocnus
6089:
6082:
6058:
6021:
6014:
6007:
6000:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5958:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5913:
5906:
5899:
5892:
5887:Paranabradys
5885:
5878:
5871:
5864:
5857:
5850:
5830:
5823:
5816:
5809:
5801:
5793:
5786:
5763:
5755:
5747:
5739:
5731:Hiskatherium
5729:
5719:
5709:
5601:
5594:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5566:
5559:
5539:
5534:Sphenotherus
5532:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5504:
5497:Lestodontini
5484:
5477:
5470:
5462:
5455:
5450:Mylodonopsis
5448:
5441:
5434:
5428:Brievabradys
5426:
5419:
5408:Mylodontinae
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5320:Mylodontidae
5299:
5292:
5285:
5278:
5271:
5264:
5257:
5250:
5242:
5237:Chubutherium
5235:
5228:
5221:
5198:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5115:Megalocnidae
5095:
5064:
5057:
5047:
5039:Myrmecophaga
5037:
5017:
5007:
5000:Cyclopedidae
4989:Orthoarthrus
4987:
4977:
4930:Superorder:
4860:
4846:
4842:
4834:
4792:
4788:
4778:
4760:
4723:
4719:
4709:
4701:
4692:
4641:
4637:
4591:
4588:PaleoAmerica
4587:
4577:
4558:
4554:
4544:
4493:
4489:
4483:
4470:
4425:
4421:
4411:
4368:
4364:
4354:
4346:
4341:
4316:
4312:
4302:
4277:
4273:
4263:
4247:11336/193251
4230:
4226:
4216:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4127:
4123:
4113:
4088:
4084:
4074:
4041:
4037:
4027:
4002:
3998:
3950:
3946:
3906:
3902:
3879:, retrieved
3857:
3847:
3839:
3833:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3745:
3741:
3701:
3697:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3609:(1): 87–96.
3606:
3602:
3532:
3528:
3518:
3493:
3489:
3479:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3366:
3362:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3201:
3197:
3176:
3170:
3148:
3142:
3124:
3119:
3110:
3101:
3076:
3072:
3014:
3010:
2991:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2859:, retrieved
2837:
2814:, retrieved
2792:
2724:
2720:
2689:(1): 65–87.
2686:
2682:
2672:
2660:. Retrieved
2653:the original
2648:
2644:
2635:
2596:
2594:
2584:
2581:Tres Arroyos
2575:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2548:
2540:
2526:
2521:
2509:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2454:
2450:Arctotherium
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2420:
2416:Macrauchenia
2414:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2386:
2379:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2264:
2248:
2246:
2238:
2231:
2215:
2211:
2195:M. tarijense
2194:
2190:
2186:
2162:
2150:
2148:
2142:
2117:, forming a
2106:
2104:
2090:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2046:
2038:
2030:
2022:
2007:nasal septum
1999:
1995:
1994:The head of
1993:
1987:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1925:Eremotherium
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1871:
1870:
1785:
1784:
1770:
1769:
1748:
1747:
1726:
1725:
1704:
1703:
1690:
1686:
1665:
1664:
1650:
1649:
1636:
1632:
1621:
1620:
1608:Eremotherium
1606:
1605:
1575:
1574:
1557:
1556:
1542:Megatheriops
1540:
1539:
1509:
1508:
1492:
1491:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1443:
1427:
1418:
1368:
1363:
1337:
1329:
1312:
1304:
1274:
1273:
1265:
1231:
1228:Mylodontidae
1223:
1209:
1205:
1172:
1149:
1141:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1121:Moreno, 1888
1117:
1113:
1098:
1097:
1087:
1079:M. tarijense
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1031:
1023:
1014:
1008:
1000:
996:
992:
984:
983:
973:
969:
965:
961:
953:
949:
942:M. tarijense
941:
934:Paul Gervais
930:
926:
918:
916:
912:
910:
900:
890:
882:
870:
868:
860:Richard Owen
855:
843:
827:
823:
811:
801:
792:
785:
772:Buenos Aires
751:
749:
743:
731:
715:
699:
698:
693:
681:
680:
675:
655:
649:
644:
640:Eremotherium
638:
630:
629:
624:
620:
599:
598:
596:type species
558:) 'great' +
492:
491:
490:
479:Neoracanthus
478:
470:
462:
445:
422:
405:M. tarijense
404:
393:
382:
371:
359:
358:
346:M. gallardoi
345:
338:Cuvier, 1796
334:
323:
311:
310:
293:Cuvier, 1796
287:
286:
279:Type species
263:
262:
214:
139:
31:
25:
7613:iNaturalist
7568:Megatherium
7562:Wikispecies
7538:Megatherium
7437:Asterolepis
7339:Leyvachelys
7332:Leivanectes
7325:Kronosaurus
7250:Hondita Fm.
7082:Purussaurus
7075:Potamosiren
7054:Neotamandua
7047:Mourasuchus
6977:Hoazinoides
6963:Gryposuchus
6921:Colombophis
6907:Boreostemma
6900:Balanerodus
6866:Megatherium
6850:Pleistocene
6773:Hondita Fm.
6693:Honda Group
6645:Pleistocene
6499:Hoffstetter
6470:researchers
6384:Sibotherium
6328:Megatherium
6229:Planopsinae
6133:Huilabradys
6112:Amphibradys
6084:Neohapalops
6023:Zacatzontli
6016:Xibalbaonyx
5981:Nohochichak
5946:Australonyx
5894:Pliomorphus
5880:Ortotherium
5859:Eucholoeops
5832:Urumacocnus
5803:Hyperleptus
5741:Hyperleptus
5603:Simomylodon
5589:Paramylodon
5575:Kiyumylodon
5552:Mylodontini
5513:Lestobradys
5486:Strabosodon
5464:Oreomylodon
5457:Ocnotherium
5369:Octomylodon
5348:Nematherium
5244:Nematherium
5059:Protamandua
5049:Neotamandua
4979:Argyromanis
4963:Vermilingua
4644:(1): 2175.
4594:(1): 8–13.
4347:Megatherium
4205:Ameghiniana
4191:11336/56592
4058:11336/42299
4038:Ameghiniana
3999:Ameghiniana
3704:(6): 1192.
3171:Megatherium
3031:11336/80117
2980:Megatherium
2963:Megatherium
2946:Megatherium
2929:Megatherium
2912:Megatherium
2895:Megatherium
2636:Megatherium
2556:Megatherium
2541:Megatherium
2522:Megatherium
2510:Megatherium
2508:the bones.
2490:Megatherium
2473:Megatherium
2467:During the
2427:gomphothere
2393:glyptodonts
2340:had a slow
2338:Megatherium
2334:Megatherium
2330:Megatherium
2308:Megatherium
2296:Megatherium
2292:Megatherium
2247:Remains of
2205:bones. The
2187:Megatherium
2163:Megatherium
2143:Megatherium
2059:Megatherium
2031:Megatherium
2023:Megatherium
2019:hyoid bones
1996:Megatherium
1968:Megatherium
1964:Megatherium
1882:Description
1687:Megatherium
1637:Megatherium
1633:Megatherium
1622:Megatherium
1450:Megatherium
1428:Megatherium
1275:Megatherium
1210:(Choelopus)
1027:Cuvier 1796
1009:Megatherium
993:Megatherium
985:Megatherium
919:Megatherium
877:during the
871:Megatherium
864:glyptodonts
856:Megatherium
844:Megatherium
828:Megatherium
760:Lujan River
700:Megatherium
676:Megatherium
660:Luján River
656:Megatherium
650:The first (
631:Megatherium
578:endemic to
493:Megatherium
446:Megatherium
375:Pujos, 2006
312:Megatherium
264:Megatherium
243:Subfamily:
32:Megatherium
7684:Categories
7486:Trilobites
7467:Strepsodus
7460:Pterygotus
7182:Carbonemys
7139:Bogotá Fm.
7061:Nuciruptor
7040:Mohanamico
7005:Langstonia
6998:Lagonimico
6755:Cretaceous
6733:Bogotá Fm.
6653:Sabana Fm.
6477:After 1900
6140:Lakukullus
6050:Megatheria
6009:Sinclairia
5967:Megistonyx
5939:Ahytherium
5866:Hapaloides
5749:Pelecyodon
5639:see below↓
5472:Promylodon
5443:Megabradys
5266:Scelidodon
5138:Megalocnus
5124:Acratocnus
4847:Bare Bones
4795:: 107851.
4770:1084743779
4428:: e17815.
4280:: 107555.
3881:2024-05-14
3449:Quaternary
3079:: 102950.
2861:2024-04-23
2816:2024-04-23
2617:References
2562:bones, an
2514:megafaunal
2498:humic acid
2463:Extinction
2410:Panochthus
2404:Doedicurus
2342:metabolism
2267:inhabited
2236:glyptodont
2212:M. urbinai
2203:phalangeal
2199:metapodial
2165:possesses
2087:premaxilla
2011:prehensile
1970:) species
1908:Volumetric
1088:M. urbinai
1061:M. medinae
1055:Pujos 2006
954:M. medinae
836:armadillos
712:kill sites
471:Orocanthus
423:M. urbiani
383:M. medinae
224:Megatheria
142:skeleton,
7421:Cuche Fm.
7285:Ammonites
7239:Eonatator
7230:Oliní Gp.
7218:Titanoboa
7210:Puentemys
7103:Stirtonia
6935:Dukecynus
6877:Honda Gp.
6824:Cuche Fm.
6778:Oliní Gp.
6725:Paleogene
6710:Uitpa Fm.
6705:Jimol Fm.
6665:Soatá Fm.
6391:Urumaquia
6189:Xyophorus
6161:Nothropus
5960:Megalonyx
5915:Torcellia
5818:Paulocnus
5479:Ranculcus
5376:Orophodon
5200:Choloepus
5131:Imagocnus
4932:Xenarthra
4912:Kingdom:
4817:253876769
4666:2041-1723
4616:224935851
4608:2055-5563
4506:CiteSeerX
4444:2167-8359
4385:0021-8782
4333:1064-7554
4255:1064-7554
4144:1064-7554
4105:1064-7554
4066:0002-7014
4019:0002-7014
3967:0962-8452
3923:0022-2372
3762:0362-2525
3720:2073-445X
3631:0024-1164
3557:2054-5703
3510:0266-6979
3471:2571-550X
3455:(2): 15.
3430:1064-7554
3332:0272-4634
3226:0031-0239
3047:134660849
3039:0077-7749
2749:2375-2548
2572:kill site
2438:Hippidion
2398:Glyptodon
2350:diaphysis
2277:semi arid
2269:temperate
2253:Patagonia
2240:Glyptodon
2207:calcaneum
2167:clavicles
2159:olecranon
2119:synsacrum
2043:processes
1946:Bolivian
1940:M. sundti
1440:Patagonia
1430:belongs,
1424:Oligocene
1314:Megalonyx
1070:M. sundti
1041:Subgenus
1007:Subgenus
989:subgenera
950:M. sundti
840:anteaters
808:Xenarthra
756:Dominican
734:from 1796
605:Patagonia
394:M. sundti
300:Subgenera
174:Kingdom:
168:Eukaryota
40:to Early
7576:BioLib:
7547:Wikidata
7506:Category
7295:Paja Fm.
7277:Hiló Fm.
7068:Patasola
7012:Lycopsis
6816:Devonian
6793:Jurassic
6783:Paja Fm.
6768:Hiló Fm.
6743:Cerrejón
6715:Ware Fm.
6698:La Venta
6525:Humboldt
5974:Meizonyx
5852:Diodomus
5795:Hapalops
5721:Hapalops
5711:Bradypus
5520:Lestodon
5301:Valgipes
5166:Parocnus
5145:Mesocnus
5086:Folivora
5066:Tamandua
5009:Cyclopes
4926:Mammalia
4920:Chordata
4918:Phylum:
4914:Animalia
4684:33846353
4536:36156087
4528:15459379
4462:39131616
4453:11316464
4403:24111879
4169:: 7–14.
3805:20730924
3770:16315216
3672:24676170
3575:26361559
3391:31178321
3340:84272333
3288:84225654
2767:30854426
2662:14 April
2504:used to
2502:collagen
2456:Smilodon
2370:Lestodon
2230:Upright
2171:acromion
2141:Foot of
2037:bone of
2004:ossified
1938:species
1931:Lestodon
1918:species
1895:Size of
1454:Pliocene
1369:Bradypus
1160:Folivora
1150:Bradypus
1003:(2009):
932:In 1880
848:clavicle
820:priority
652:holotype
607:and the
592:elephant
584:Pliocene
454:Synonyms
413:Ameghino
230:Family:
198:Mammalia
188:Chordata
184:Phylum:
178:Animalia
164:Domain:
42:Holocene
38:Pliocene
7667:4235471
7644:2546650
7631:1350096
7605:3239357
7592:4471793
7553:Q310387
7019:Micodon
6675:Neogene
6494:Hettner
6468:Notable
6335:Ocnopus
6238:Planops
5582:Mylodon
5230:Catonyx
5159:Neocnus
5152:Miocnus
4924:Class:
4901:Pilosan
4797:Bibcode
4728:Bibcode
4675:8041891
4646:Bibcode
4498:Bibcode
4490:Science
4394:3842198
4282:Bibcode
4171:Bibcode
3975:9025315
3813:8106788
3611:Bibcode
3603:Lethaia
3566:4555864
3537:Bibcode
3371:Bibcode
3312:Bibcode
3266:Bibcode
3206:Bibcode
3081:Bibcode
2758:6402857
2729:Bibcode
2566:and an
2422:Toxodon
2375:Mylodon
2348:in the
2304:browser
2222:Ecology
2175:scapula
2173:of the
2111:ischium
2083:maxilla
1689: (
1635: (
1233:Mylodon
852:humerus
686:browser
674:, that
613:Bolivia
594:-sized
561:theríon
409:Gervais
256:Genus:
204:Order:
194:Class:
116:↓
7664:uBio:
7618:317763
7579:416726
7510:Images
7148:Etayoa
6658:Tibitó
6520:Cuvier
6504:Páramo
6489:Hammen
4947:Pilosa
4903:genera
4833:BBC –
4815:
4768:
4682:
4672:
4664:
4614:
4606:
4534:
4526:
4508:
4460:
4450:
4442:
4401:
4391:
4383:
4331:
4253:
4142:
4103:
4064:
4017:
3973:
3965:
3921:
3872:
3811:
3803:
3768:
3760:
3718:
3670:
3629:
3573:
3563:
3555:
3508:
3469:
3428:
3389:
3338:
3330:
3286:
3224:
3045:
3037:
2852:
2809:
2799:
2765:
2755:
2747:
2425:, the
2407:, and
2391:, the
2285:steppe
2257:Pampas
2255:, the
2183:fibula
2157:. The
2123:sacrum
2121:. The
714:where
609:Pampas
567:θηρίον
543:-ee-əm
539:meg-ə-
415:, 1880
411:&
272:, 1796
270:Cuvier
208:Pilosa
7657:43616
7626:IRMNG
7411:Flora
6632:Major
6484:Etayo
4813:S2CID
4700:, in
4612:S2CID
4532:S2CID
4422:PeerJ
4005:(6).
3809:S2CID
3336:S2CID
3284:S2CID
3043:S2CID
2807:JSTOR
2656:(PDF)
2641:(PDF)
2179:tibia
2133:Limbs
2055:sinus
2035:jugal
1561:bergi
1106:Early
1001:et al
816:genus
664:Spain
572:genus
541:THEER
215:Clade
7639:NCBI
7600:GBIF
4766:OCLC
4680:PMID
4662:ISSN
4604:ISSN
4524:PMID
4458:PMID
4440:ISSN
4399:PMID
4381:ISSN
4329:ISSN
4251:ISSN
4140:ISSN
4101:ISSN
4062:ISSN
4015:ISSN
3971:PMID
3963:ISSN
3919:ISSN
3870:ISBN
3838:. –
3801:PMID
3766:PMID
3758:ISSN
3716:ISSN
3698:Land
3668:PMID
3627:ISSN
3571:PMID
3553:ISSN
3506:ISSN
3467:ISSN
3426:ISSN
3387:PMID
3328:ISSN
3222:ISSN
3035:ISSN
2850:ISBN
2797:ISBN
2763:PMID
2745:ISSN
2664:2016
2595:The
2564:ulna
2441:and
2385:and
2275:-to
2273:arid
2193:and
2181:and
2155:ulna
2085:and
2073:and
1887:Size
995:and
952:and
936:and
838:and
555:μέγα
549:méga
55:PreꞒ
7587:EoL
4805:doi
4793:298
4736:doi
4670:PMC
4654:doi
4596:doi
4563:doi
4516:doi
4494:306
4448:PMC
4430:doi
4389:PMC
4373:doi
4369:223
4321:doi
4290:doi
4278:286
4243:hdl
4235:doi
4187:hdl
4179:doi
4132:doi
4093:doi
4054:hdl
4046:doi
4007:doi
3955:doi
3951:263
3911:doi
3862:doi
3793:doi
3789:271
3750:doi
3746:267
3706:doi
3658:doi
3619:doi
3561:PMC
3545:doi
3498:doi
3457:doi
3418:doi
3379:doi
3320:doi
3274:doi
3214:doi
3141:On
3089:doi
3077:107
3027:hdl
3019:doi
3015:289
2842:doi
2753:PMC
2737:doi
2691:doi
2185:of
2021:in
1438:in
1108:to
574:of
521:ɪər
7686::
7654::
7641::
7628::
7615::
7602::
7589::
7564::
7549::
7508:•
4859:.
4845:–
4811:.
4803:.
4791:.
4787:.
4750:^
4734:.
4724:16
4722:.
4718:.
4678:.
4668:.
4660:.
4652:.
4642:12
4640:.
4636:.
4624:^
4610:.
4602:.
4590:.
4586:.
4559:10
4557:.
4553:.
4530:.
4522:.
4514:.
4504:.
4492:.
4456:.
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4438:.
4426:12
4424:.
4420:.
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4387:.
4379:.
4367:.
4363:.
4327:.
4317:30
4315:.
4311:.
4288:.
4276:.
4272:.
4249:.
4241:.
4231:19
4229:.
4225:.
4209:45
4207:,
4185:.
4177:.
4167:48
4165:.
4161:.
4138:.
4128:25
4126:.
4122:.
4099:.
4089:25
4087:.
4083:.
4060:.
4052:.
4042:52
4040:.
4036:.
4013:.
4003:59
4001:.
3997:.
3983:^
3969:.
3961:.
3949:.
3945:.
3931:^
3917:.
3907:96
3905:.
3901:.
3889:^
3868:,
3856:,
3821:^
3807:.
3799:.
3787:.
3764:.
3756:.
3744:.
3740:.
3728:^
3714:.
3702:12
3700:.
3696:.
3680:^
3666:.
3654:86
3652:.
3648:.
3625:.
3617:.
3607:29
3605:.
3601:.
3583:^
3569:.
3559:.
3551:.
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