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1766:. Rava states in the Babylonian Talmud that although Ezekiel describes the appearance of the throne of God, this is not because he had seen more than Isaiah, but rather because the latter was more accustomed to such visions; for the relation of the two prophets is that of a courtier to a peasant, the latter of whom would always describe a royal court more floridly than the former, to whom such things would be familiar. Ezekiel, like all prophets except Moses, has beheld only a blurred reflection of the divine majesty, just as a poor mirror reflects objects only imperfectly.
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to be like a
Merkaba, that is to say, he should realize all the different qualities, talents and inclinations he has (his angels). They may seem to contradict, but when one directs his life to a higher goal such as doing God's will he (the man on the chair driving the chariot) will see how they all can work together and even complement each other. Ultimately, we should strive to realize how all of the forces in the world, though they may seem to conflict, can unite when one knows how to use them all to fulfill a higher purpose; namely to serve God.
233:
729:
1949:
840:
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1968:'s accounts of his conversion experience and his ascent to the heavens (2 Corinthians 12:2–4) as the earliest first person accounts we have of a merkabah mystic in Jewish or Christian literature. Timothy Churchill has argued that Paul's Damascus road encounter (e.g., Acts 9:1–9) does not fit the pattern of merkabah, but this experience is not described in Paul's letters, and Acts does not claim to be a first-person account.
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not be revealed to us by us looking at all four elements (for instance) as separate and independent entities. However, when one looks at the way that earth, wind, fire and water (for instance) which all oppose each other are able to work together and coexist in complete harmony in the world, this shows that there is really a higher power (God) telling these elements how to act.
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final editing of the Mishna this whole motif (along with other dimensions of merkabah-oriented study and practice) came to be severely discouraged by
Rabbinic officialdom. Those who still pursued these kinds of things were marginalized by the Rabbinic Movement over the next several centuries becoming, in effect, a separate grouping responsible for the Hekhalot literature.
42:
360:
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heading of "The Work of the
Chariot" came to be considered heretical in contrast to his halakhic and hermeneutical teachings which were generally admired—and whose weighty influence, in any case, could not be ignored. All of this indicates that the generators of the Hekhalot literature were indeed savvy in choosing "Rabbi Ishmael" as
2451:
293:אופנים (lit. wheels, cycles or ways). These wheels are not directly under the chariot but are nearby and along its perimeter. The angel with the face of the man is always on the east side and looks up at the "Likeness of a Man" that drives the chariot. The "Likeness of a Man" sits on a throne made of "
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found in the merkabah passages, while justifying this "crossing of the line" from hints to direct instruction. Maimonides explains basic mystical concepts via the
Biblical terms referring to Spheres, elements and Intelligences. In these chapters, however, there is still very little in terms of direct
1428:
teachings of this great Torah scholar without, however, honoring his equally significant apostasy. To be sure, in the accounting of this figure's mystical study and practice the pejorative (in context) "Akher" is used instead of "Rabbi
Ishmael". This is because Elisha ben Abuyah's teachings under the
783:
ii. 1, the teacher read the headings of the chapters, after which, subject to the approval of the teacher, the pupil read to the end of the chapter, although Rabbi Zera said that even the chapter-headings might be communicated only to a person who was head of a school and was cautious in temperament.
280:
angels also has four wings. Two of these wings spread across the length of the chariot and connect with the wings of the angel on the other side. This creates a sort of 'box' of wings that forms the perimeter of the chariot. With the remaining two wings, each angel covers its own body. Below, but not
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This very lesson carries over to explain how the four basic groups of animals and the four basic archetypal philosophies and personalities reveal a higher, Godly source when one is able to read between the lines and see how these opposing forces can and do interact in harmony. A person should strive
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The 'man on the throne' in the vision of
Ezekiel descriptively represents God, who is controlling everything that goes on in the world, and how all of the archetypes He set up should interact. The 'man on the throne', however, drives when the four angels connect their wings. This means that God will
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even in the presence of one pupil, except he be wise and intelligent; and then only the headings of the chapters are to be given to him." We must, therefore, begin with teaching these subjects according to the capacity of the pupil, and on two conditions, first, that he be wise, i.e., that he should
755:
For example, the secret doctrines might not be discussed in public: "Seek not out the things that are too hard for thee, neither search the things that are above thy strength. But what is commanded thee, think thereupon with reverence; for it is not needful for thee to see with thine eyes the things
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of God which are enthroned in Heaven. (Again, 14a-ii) Akher's non-Messianic and
Metatron-oriented version of this "two-thrones"/"two-powers"-in-Heaven motif is discussed at length in the entry "Paradigmatia" of the above-mentioned study. The generic point in all of this is that by the time of the
1317:
Certain key concepts found in the Sefer
Yetzirah, such as the "6 directions", are mentioned in the Talmud, and also the title of the book is referenced: yet scholars do not conclude that the versions of the Sefer Yetzirah that have been handed down today are identical to the book which the Talmud
1401:
in their writings, the generators of the
Hekhalot literature, quite arguably, seem to be attempting to show some sort of connection between their writings and the Chariot/Throne study and practice of the Rabbinic Movement in the decades immediately following upon the destruction of the Temple.
1161:-like repetitive nature of the liturgies recorded in many of these compositions seems meant to encourage further ascent. The ultimate goal of the ascent varies from text to text. In some cases, it seems to be a visionary glimpse of God, to "Behold the King in His Beauty". Others hint at "
252:
According to the verses in
Ezekiel and its attendant commentaries, his vision consists of a chariot made of many heavenly beings driven by the "Likeness of a Man". The base structure of the chariot is composed of four beings. These beings are called the "living creatures"
2525:, Geoffrey W. Dennis (2007) Ma'aseh Merkavah: “Working of the Chariot.” The modern name given to a Hekhalot text, discovered by scholar Gershom ... Ma'asei-Bereshit: “The Workings of Creation.” Starting in antiquity, Jewish disciples of the esoteric have engaged ...
751:
interdictions concerning merkabah speculation are numerous and widely held. Discussions concerning the merkabah were limited to only the most worthy sages, and admonitory legends are preserved about the dangers of overzealous speculation concerning the merkabah.
268:). The bodies of the creatures are "like that of a human being", but each of them has four faces, corresponding to the four directions the chariot can go (East, South, North and West). The faces are that of a man, a lion, an ox (later changed to a
1922:, the lion represents fire, the ox/earth, the man/water, and the eagle/air. However, in practice, everything in the world is some combination of all four, and the particular combination of each element that exist in each thing are its particular
2251:, p. 74: "When Eleazar finished the Works of the Chariot, Yohanan stood and kissed him on his head and said, Blessed is the Lord, God of Abraham. Jacob who gave to Abraham a son wise and knowing how to expound the glory of our father in heaven."
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angels ("alive" with divine emotion). They are described with faces of a lion, ox and eagle, as their emotional nature is instinctive like animals, and they are the archetypal origins of creatures in this World. The lowest World,
1708:("Creation"—Divine understanding), is the first independent root creation, the realm of the Throne, denoting God descending into Creation, as a king limits his true greatness and revealed posture when seated. The World of
893:, "descenders of the chariot", perhaps describing inward contemplation) and union is not precisely known. By inference, contemporary historians of Jewish mysticism usually date this development to the third century CE.
1440:
Both Akiva and the "Ishmaelic Akher" traded upon the "two-thrones"/"two-powers"-in-Heaven motif in their respective merkabah-oriented undertakings. Akiva's version is memorialized in the Babylonian Gemara to tractate
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At times, heavenly interlocutors will reveal divine secrets. In some texts, the mystic's interest extends to the heavenly music and liturgy, usually connected with the angelic adorations mentioned in Isaiah 6:3. The
2375:
1461:, the text presents Akiva as being pressured—and then acquiescing to—a domesticated version of this twoness theme for the single Jewish God which would be acceptable to Rabbinic officialdom. The text offers
1416:(McGinley, J W; 2006) the hypothesis is offered and defended that "Rabbi Ishmael ben Elisha" (more often, simply "Rabbi Ishmael") is in fact a Rabbinically sanctioned cognomen for Elisha ben Abuyah who
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1903:
explains Kabbalah in terms of human psychology. Through this, the merkabah is a multi-layered analogy that offers insight into the nature of man, the ecosystem, the world, and teaches self-refinement.
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have successfully gone through the preliminary studies, and secondly that he be intelligent, talented, clear-headed, and of quick perception, that is, "have a mind of his own", as our Sages termed it.
1386:" material, runs from 12b-iv (wherein the Gemara's treatment of the "Work of Creation" flows into and becomes its treatment of "The Work of the Chariot") to and into 16a-i. (All references are to the
1758:'s visions of God's Chariot-Throne, noticing that Ezekiel gives a lengthy account of details, while Isaiah is very brief. It gives an exoteric explanation for this; Isaiah prophesied in the era of
3685:
2223:
However, as Gruenwald notes, the main corpus of the Merkabah literature was composed in Israel in the period 200–700 CE. Some references to this tradition can be found also in the literature of
1420:
from the Rabbinic Movement. The argument is that through this indirection Rabbinic officialdom was able to integrate into the Gemaric give and take of argumentation and analysis the huge body of
686:
expositions of the prophetic visions of God in the heavens and the divine retinue of angels, hosts, and heavenly creatures surrounding God. The earliest evidence suggests that Merkabah
1493:, it is the figure of Akiva who seems to be lionized. For of the four he is the only one presented who ascended and descended "whole". The other three were broken, one way or another:
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implied in this kind of image, though it must be said sexual motifs, while present in highly attenuated forms, are few and far between if one surveys the full scope of the literature.
863:
also engaged in visionary exegeses concerning the divine realm and the divine creatures which are remarkably similar to the rabbinic material. A small number of texts unearthed at
3733:
1880:, their emotional self-awareness has a superior advantage of powerful desire. This causes them to be able to draw down divine vitality from a higher source, the supreme realm of
121:
The main corpus of the Merkabah literature was composed in the period 200–700 CE, although later references to the Chariot tradition can also be found in the literature of the
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1265:
A fifth work provides a detailed description of the Creator as seen by the "descenders" at the climax of their ascent. This work, preserved in various forms, is called
3753:
886:), and in the innermost palace resides a supreme divine image (God's Glory or an angelic image) seated on a throne, surrounded by awesome hosts who sing God's praise.
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979:
Several movements in Jewish mysticism and, later, students of the Kabbalah have focused on these passages from Ezekiel, seeking underlying meaning and the secrets of
4046:
1110:, seals and angelic names needed to get past the fierce angelic guards, as well as know how to navigate the various forces at work inside and outside the palaces.
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version of that mystical motif. Immediately after this Akivian "solution" to the puzzle of thrones referred to in Song of Songs and the two thrones spoken of in
3955:
2804:
Dennis, Geoffrey W. (Spring 2008). "The Use of Water as a Medium for Altered States of Consciousness in Early Jewish Mysticism: A Cross-Disciplinary Analysis".
1864:, ascending to God and returning to their place. Their understanding realises instead that God's true purpose (glory) for creation is with lowly man. The lower
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and kabbalah discuss at length what each aspect of this vision represents in this world, and how the vision does not imply that God is made up of these forms.
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is presented as going insane; and worst of all, "Akher" apostatizes. This putative lionization of Rabbi Akiva occurs at 15b-vi-16a-i of our Gemara section.
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We will sanctify Thy name in the world even as they sanctify it in the highest heavens, as it is written by the hand of Thy prophet: "And they (the
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However, in both the Jerusalem Talmud and the Babylonian Talmud the major players in this Chariot/Throne endeavor are, clearly, Rabbi Akiva and
663:
1783:. However, in order to be perceived it descends to be enclothed in vessels of lower Worlds. Isaiah's prophecy saw the merkabah in the World of
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When these images were combined with an actual mystical experiential motif of individual ascent (paradoxically called "descent" in most texts,
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divine understanding, restraining his explanation by realising the inadequacy of description. Ezekiel saw the merkabah in the lower World of
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1216:
The ascent texts are extant in four principal works, all redacted well after the third but certainly before the ninth century CE. They are:
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1918:, which means "ways", are the ways these archetypes combine to create actual entities that exist in the world. For instance, in the basic
324:. The chariot is in a constant state of motion, and the energy behind this movement runs according to this hierarchy. The movement of the
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1275:, a book reputedly venerated by Rabbi Akiva. The literal message of the work was repulsive to those who maintained God's incorporeality;
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2004:
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of God and be given an honored seat. One text actually envisions the successful pilgrim getting to sit in God's "lap". Scholars such as
411:
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angels are other angels that are shaped like wheels. These wheel angels, which are described as "a wheel inside of a wheel", are called
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literature and apocalyptic writings for several reasons, chief among them being that hekhalot literature is not at all interested in
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did not give rise to ascent experiences—as one rabbinic sage states: "Many have expounded upon the merkabah without ever seeing it."
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1204:. In addition there are many smaller and fragmentary manuscripts that seem to belong to this genre, but their exact relationship to
795:(being experienced in any of five different professions requiring good judgement), and a certain age is, of course, necessary. When
550:
3131:
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In their visions, these mystics would enter into the celestial realms and journey through the seven stages of mystical ascent: the
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emphasize that the imagery of the merkabah is not meant to be taken literally; rather the chariot and its accompanying angels are
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1003:
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And in Thy holy words it is written, saying: "The Lord shall reign forever, thy God, O Zion, unto all generations; Hallelujah."
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According to Timo Eskola, early Christian theology and discourse was influenced by the Jewish merkabah tradition. Similarly,
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influences. It features a linguistic theory of creation in which God creates the universe by combining the 22 letters of the
576:
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in prophetic visions. It is most closely associated with the vision in Ezekiel 1 of the four-wheeled vehicle driven by four
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While throughout the era of merkabah mysticism the problem of creation was not of paramount importance, the treatise
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before one, unless he be wise and understands it by himself." Further commentary notes that the chapter-headings of
276:) and an eagle. Since there are four angels and each has four faces, there are a total of sixteen faces. Each of the
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1808:) called one unto the other and said, Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of Hosts; the whole earth is full of His glory."
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apocalyptic writings of heavenly visitations, that hekhalot literature emerges. Still, it is distinctive from both
882:), often guarded over by angels, and encircled by flames and lightning. The highest heaven contains seven palaces (
758:
3261:
1983:), and surround the throne of God in Heaven, along with twenty-four elders and seven spirits of God (according to
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notes the importance of the passage: "A great issue—the account of the Merkavah; a small issue—the discussions of
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who is referred to as "Akher". Neither Talmud presents Rabbi Ishmael as a player in merkabah study and practice.
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from within a merkabah milieu. This text was probably composed during the seventh century, and evidence suggests
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569:
499:
193:—most of them referring to normal chariots on earth, and although the concept of the Merkabah is associated with
35:
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1360:, and others have raised the natural question concerning the relationship between the "chambers" portion of the
218:"living creatures", each of which has four wings and the four faces of a man, lion, ox, and eagle (or vulture).
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308:(lit. "burning") angels. These angels appear like flashes of fire continuously ascending and descending. These
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214:
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1718:("burning" in ascent and descent as their understanding of God motivates self-annihilation). The third World,
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in their own writings as a means of relating their own endeavors to the mystical study and practices of the
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1243:("Work of the Chariot"), a collection of hymns recited by the "descenders" and heard during their ascent;
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The merkabah homilies eventually consisted of detailed descriptions of multiple layered heavens (usually
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3161:
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2009:
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851:. Posture similar to earlier "descenders of merkabah", head between knees, also mentioned in the Talmud.
340:. The movement of all the angels of the chariot is controlled by the "Likeness of a Man" on the Throne.
103:
2850:
1990:
Warnings against children or "excitable persons" reading the Ezekiel story exist in some translations.
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for these practices is the biblical accounts of the Chariot vision of Ezekiel and the Temple vision of
821:
13b), and the perils connected with the unauthorized discussion of these subjects are often described (
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791:, the secret doctrine might be entrusted only to one who possessed the five qualities enumerated in
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2557:", emphasizes that God is not limited to any particular form, as this prophecy might seem to imply.
1943:
1759:
1688:("Emanation"—Divine wisdom), is the realm of absolute Divine manifestation without self-awareness,
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1103:
1044:
1038:
800:
679:
652:
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153:
111:
82:
2454: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
2221:. Supplements to the Journal for the study of Judaism. Vol. 114. Leiden: BRILL. p. 224.
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1984:
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717:
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Literary works related to the Hekhalot tradition that have survived in whole or in part include
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angels represent the basic archetypes that God used to create the current nature of the world.
1102:. Such a journey is fraught with great danger, and the adept must not only have made elaborate
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1860:", repeated three times, means removed or separated. This causes their "burning up" continual
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796:
509:
458:
227:
122:
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1975:(or gospel-writers), and appear frequently in church decorations. These Creatures are called
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We have frequently mentioned in this treatise the principle of our Sages "not to discuss the
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957:
872:
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776:
597:
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1724:("Formation"—Divine emotions), is the realm of archetypal existence, the abode of the main
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1535:. In the third volume, Maimonides commences the exposition of the mystical passage of the
1368:'s treatment of "The Work of the Chariot" in the presentation and analysis of such in the
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that misunderstanding these passages as literal descriptions of God's image might lead to
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132:
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1279:(d. 1204) wrote that the book should be erased and all mention of its existence deleted.
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and of the ability of man to draw down divine powers to earth; it seems to have been an
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1961:
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and Ezekiel's visions of the Throne/Chariot, to later extant merkabah mysticism texts:
448:
186:
807:, the latter answered, "I am not yet old enough." A boy who recognized the meaning of
114:("palaces" literature), concerning stories of ascents to the heavenly palaces and the
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991:
935:
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716:(d. 135) were deeply involved in merkabah exegesis. Rabbi Akiva and his contemporary
115:
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Heikhalot Literature and Merkavah Tradition Ancient Jewish Mysticism and its Sources
300:
The Bible later makes mention of a third type of angel found in the merkabah called
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are accounts of divine visions, mystical ascents into heaven and observance of the
1002:, there was great opposition to studying this topic without the proper initiation.
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702:
294:
190:
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The Kabbalistic account explains this difference in terms of the Four Worlds. All
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on the throne. The throne of sapphire is an etymological root in Kabbalah for the
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c. 1–200 CE, continuing till c. 1000 CE, merkabah mystical ascent accounts in the
41:
2582:
2219:
From Apocalypticism to Merkabah Mysticism: Studies in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha
1382:. This portion of the Babylonian Talmud, which includes the famous "four entered
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period following the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE when the physical
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Messiah and the Throne: Jewish Merkabah Mysticism and Early Exaltation Discourse
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1952:
Christian depiction of the four "animal" symbols of the Evangelists (in corners)
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with the general meaning "to ride". The word "chariot" is found 44 times in the
30:"Merkavah" and "Merkabah" redirect here. For the Israeli main battle tank, see
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3649:
2607:
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named after a more literal interpretation of the Hebrew word meaning "chariot"
1980:
1770:
1737:("Action"—Divine rulership), is the realm guided by the lower channels of the
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1083:, largely ignores the unique status of the priesthood, has little interest in
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2851:"Notes on the Study of Merkabah Mysticism and Hekhalot Literature in English"
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1253:), which recounts an ascent and divine transformation of the biblical figure
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814:
792:
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2834:(reprint ed.). United Kingdom: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization.
2227:(twelfth to thirteenth centuries CE) and medieval Kabbalistic writings (the
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1852:(divine understanding) realise their distance from the absolute divinity of
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angels power the movement of the chariot. In the hierarchy of these angels,
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Kabbalistic Metaphors: Jewish Mystical Themes in Ancient and Modern Thought
2176:
1872:(divine emotions) say, "Blessed be the glory ... from His place" of
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Jews customarily read the Biblical passages concerning the merkabah in the
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In Christianity, the man, lion, ox, and eagle are used as symbols for the
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in particular is concerned with the secret names of God and their powers:
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divine emotions, causing him to describe the vision in rapturous detail.
1720:
1714:
1698:
1684:
1663:
1618:
1608:
1578:
1536:
1498:
1471:
1421:
1345:
1301:
1271:("Measurement of the Body"), and is rooted in a mystical exegesis of the
1258:
1178:
1118:
999:
984:
965:
951:
946:
seems to be a kind of spiritualization of the pilgrimages to the earthly
918:
875:
texts also evidence a deep affinity with the rabbinic merkabah homilies.
844:
683:
672:
648:
471:
269:
2887:(1st illustrated reprint ed.). Israel: Jewish Publication Society.
2727: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1208:
mysticism and to each other is often not clear (Dennis, 2007, 199–120).
968:
movement that grew out of the priestly mysticism already evident in the
4047:
Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Disclosure Act (UADPA), USA law (2023)
3837:
2948:
2357:
2325:
2126:
1914:
1775:
1751:
1739:
1462:
1374:
1336:
1310:
1197:
1166:
1025:, and the merkabah is also referenced in several places in traditional
1022:
779:
740:
627:
288:
194:
50:
31:
17:
3960:
2397:
2049:
2019:
1755:
1747:
1733:
1726:
1667:
1623:
1379:
1369:
1158:
1076:
1064:
864:
756:
that are in secret." It must be studied only by exemplary scholars: "
748:
732:
706:
694:
601:
303:
2688:
Divine Initiative and the Christology of the Damascus Road Encounter
960:
that teaches both of the possibility of making a sublime journey to
1437:
in the early decades following upon the destruction of the Temple.
2586:
Mystical Prayer in Ancient Judaism: An Analysis of Maʻaseh Merkava
2229:
1947:
1823:) say, Blessed: "Blessed be the glory of the Lord from His place."
1446:
1335:
1134:
1056:
698:
662:
489:
40:
3734:
National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena (1956–1980)
942:
ceased to function. The idea of making a journey to the heavenly
2789:(1st illustrated ed.). United States: Llewellyn Worldwide.
2568:
The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament
1146:
This is His great name which turned the waters into high walls:
1114:
871:
community also engaged in merkabah exegesis. Recently uncovered
720:
are often the protagonists of later Merkabah ascent literature.
2910:
1489:" section of this portion of the Babylonian Gemara on tractate
1889:
961:
954:
209:
2872:
Jewish Gnosticism, Merkabah Mysticism, and Talmudic Tradition
1010:
for the various ways that God reveals himself in this world.
3754:
Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (2007–2012)
3686:
Investigation of UFO reports by the United States government
1308:, along with emanations represented by the ten numerals, or
1149:אנסיהגמן לכסם נעלם סוסיאל ושברים מרוב און אר אסמוריאל סחריש
204:
However, when left untranslated, in English the Hebrew term
1445:
at 14a-ii wherein Akiva puts forth the pairing of God and "
1393:
By making use of the Rabbinically paradigmatic figures of
1091:, and it "democratizes" the possibility of divine ascent.
316:
are the highest, that is, closest to God, followed by the
125:
in the Middle Ages. A major text in this tradition is the
2541:, Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronot; Sifrei Hemed: 2004 (Hebrew).
1888:
have a central role in the merkabah's channeling of the
2906:
2832:
The Three Temples: On the Emergence of Jewish Mysticism
1113:
This heavenly ascent is accomplished by the recital of
1884:, to lower creation and man. In Ezekiel's vision, the
1527:
is in part intended as an explanation of the passages
950:
that were now no longer possible. It is a form of pre-
743:
to merkabah mysticism are brief, avoiding explanation.
179:
2787:
The Encyclopedia of Jewish Myth, Magic, and Mysticism
1414:'The Written' as the Vocation of Conceiving Jewishly"
2523:
The Encyclopedia of Jewish Myth, Magic and Mysticism
2347:, Jason Aronson (2000) section of chapter 1, pp. 4–8
1233:("The Greater Palaces"), which details an ascent of
596:
Mark Verman has distinguished four periods in early
201:), the word is not explicitly written in Ezekiel 1.
146:
75:
4034:
4013:
3985:
3923:
3880:
3873:
3828:
3777:
3678:
3633:
3587:
3436:
3379:
3315:
3039:
2987:
2966:
2957:
1223:("The Lesser Palaces"), which details an ascent of
630:merkabah mysticism referred to briefly in exoteric
3764:Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (current)
1055:, usually for the purpose of gaining insight into
972:and some apocalyptic writings (see the studies by
1409:In the long study on these matters contained in
1165:", that the adept be accepted among the angelic
1832:
1817:
1802:
1666:relates the Merkabah vision of Ezekiel and the
1542:
1143:.בשובר ירברב סגי בדסיקין מרא סחטי בר סאיי לבים
1131:
4042:United States Congress hearings on UFOs (2022)
2445:
2443:
1844:According to the Kabbalistic explanation, the
1762:, Ezekiel's vision took place in the exile of
1288:("Book of Formation") represents an attempted
2922:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2321:"Mishneh Torah, Foundations of the Torah 2:7"
1644:
1125:which abound in the Hekhalot literature. The
577:
170:"thing to ride in, cart" is derived from the
8:
1505:The merkabah in later Jewish interpretations
808:
626:Beginning c. 100 BCE, especially 1–130s CE,
328:is controlled by the "Living creatures", or
2376:"Merkavah mysticism in Rabbinic Literature"
1106:preparation, but must also know the proper
3877:
2963:
2929:
2915:
2907:
2302:Six wings in Isaiah's and John's visions (
1651:
1637:
1569:
584:
570:
347:
228:Angels in Judaism § Angelic hierarchy
2343:, p. 8; summarised by Sanford L. Drob in
3016:1665 celestial phenomenon over Stralsund
3006:1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg
2261:Brown; Driver; Briggs; Gesenius (1988).
838:
727:
231:
2702:(reprint), Random House, 1993, p. 12, (
2145:
1712:is the realm of the higher angels, the
1572:
1071:). It is from these, and from the many
350:
3152:Barney and Betty Hill abduction (1961)
1743:(humble "ways" in realised creation).
1322:Hekhalot literature and "Four Entered
762:must not be explained before two, nor
2181:(2nd ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey:
221:
7:
3011:1566 celestial phenomenon over Basel
2756:"Ma'aseh Bereshit; Ma'aseh Merkabah"
2598:
2465:"Ma'aseh Bereshit; Ma'aseh Merkabah"
2096:(Matthäus Merian's "Chariot Vision")
1200:(also known as "Hebrew Enoch"), and
770:may be taught, as was done by Rabbi
739:. References in rabbinic Talmud and
102:, c. 100 BCE – 1000 CE, centered on
2263:"Hebrew Lexicon entry for Merkabah"
2005:Maaseh Breishit and Maaseh Merkavah
1133:This is His great name, with which
1051:, and the summoning and control of
809:
693:One mention of the Merkabah in the
258:
136:
65:
3709:Flying Saucer Working Party (1950)
3366:High-altitude object events (2023)
2995:Ezekiel's Wheel (circa 622–570 BC)
2736:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "
1249:("Book of Palaces", also known as
608:800–500 BCE, mystical elements in
25:
3769:NASA's UAP independent study team
2463:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
2123:" (folk song based on the vision)
1702:divine powers. The second World,
208:relates to the throne-chariot of
4060:
4059:
2863:from the original on 2024-01-19.
2820:10.1111/j.1556-3537.2008.00004.x
2746:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
2722:
2449:
2267:The Old Testament Hebrew Lexicon
1585:
916:) is the modern name given to a
358:
158:'Work of the Chariot').
27:School of early Jewish mysticism
4026:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
3207:John Lennon UFO incident (1974)
3021:José Bonilla observation (1883)
2677:Acts 1:1-2. See also Luke 1:1-4
2473:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls
2217:(2007). "The Enoch Tradition".
1999:Religion, philosophy, mysticism
1692:described in the vision as the
344:Early Jewish merkabah mysticism
248:. Fresco from the 19th century.
222:Ezekiel's vision of the chariot
3759:Identification studies of UFOs
3237:Valentich disappearance (1978)
3222:Petrozavodsk phenomenon (1977)
3102:McMinnville photographs (1950)
2974:List of reported UFO sightings
2668:Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck (2001).
2249:Neusner on Judaism: Literature
2154:"Klein Dictionary, מֶרְכָּבָה"
1794:The two visions also form the
1674:(Isaiah 6:1–8) describing the
1261:, as related by Rabbi Ishmael.
1:
3719:Project Blue Book (1952–1970)
3399:Aztec, New Mexico hoax (1949)
3394:Twin Falls, Idaho hoax (1947)
3247:Robert Taylor incident (1979)
3212:Travis Walton incident (1975)
3157:Lonnie Zamora incident (1964)
3052:Ängelholm UFO memorial (1946)
2807:Anthropology of Consciousness
1819:Those over against them (the
1678:angels, to its comprehensive
1021:every year on the holiday of
281:attached to, the feet of the
3262:Cash–Landrum incident (1980)
3162:Solway Firth Spaceman (1964)
3137:Lakenheath-Bentwaters (1956)
2879:Scholem, Gershom G. (1987).
2785:Dennis, Geoffrey W. (2007).
2555:Thirteen Principles of Faith
1004:Jewish biblical commentaries
983:in what they argued was the
922:text, discovered by scholar
332:, while the movement of the
320:, which are followed by the
180:
4021:List of scientific skeptics
3749:Project Condign (1997–2000)
3692:The Flying Saucers Are Real
3252:Val Johnson incident (1979)
3202:Pascagoula Abduction (1973)
2183:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1566:The Four Worlds of Kabbalah
990:Due to the concern of some
682:Merkabah commentaries were
368:History of Jewish mysticism
147:
76:
4112:
3714:Project Magnet (1950–1962)
3371:David Grusch claims (2023)
3142:Antônio Villas Boas (1957)
2690:, Eugene: Pickwick (2010).
2341:The Books of Contemplation
2056:Ancient astronaut theories
1941:
1509:
1329:
1036:
902:
619:, especially 300–100 BCE,
225:
29:
4055:
3739:Condon Report (1966–1968)
3419:Alien Autopsy (1995 film)
3232:Zanfretta incident (1978)
3132:Kelly–Hopkinsville (1955)
2944:
2686:Churchill, Timothy W. R.
2070:The Spaceships of Ezekiel
1773:emanates from the divine
724:Prohibition against study
612:such as Ezekiel's chariot
433:c. 100 BCE – 1000 CE
174:
36:Merkabah (disambiguation)
3389:Maury Island hoax (1947)
3287:Voronezh incident (1989)
3272:Trans-en-Provence (1981)
3267:Rendlesham Forest (1980)
3197:Finnish Air Force (1969)
3127:Flatwoods monster (1952)
2979:Sightings in outer space
2606:(in Hebrew) – via
2588:, Coronet Books Inc 1991
2025:Jewish angelic hierarchy
2020:Elijah's chariot of fire
1876:. Though lower than the
987:language of the verses.
817:) was consumed by fire (
641:; also related to early
3637:extraterrestrial beings
3404:Southern England (1967)
3332:Campeche, Mexico (2004)
3292:Belgian UFO wave (1990)
3122:Washington, D.C. (1952)
3117:Nash-Fortenberry (1952)
3000:Airship of Clonmacnoise
2885:Origins of the Kabbalah
2776:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2760:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2743:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2626:Angels 2: Wings on Fire
2470:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1555:Guide for the Perplexed
1524:Guide for the Perplexed
1510:Maimonides' explanation
934:, after the end of the
484:c. 1175 – 1500s CE
106:such as those found in
98:) is a school of early
3724:Robertson Panel (1953)
3277:Japan Air Lines (1986)
3242:Kaikoura Lights (1978)
3092:Gorman Dogfight (1948)
3026:Airship wave (1896–97)
2499:ii., s.v. Geheimlehre;
1953:
1848:("burning" angels) in
1842:
1831:
1816:
1800:Jewish daily liturgy:
1563:
1349:
1154:
1043:The main interests of
852:
744:
675:
621:Apocalyptic literature
524:1665 – c. 1800 CE
463:c. 1150 – 1250 CE
394:Apocalyptic literature
249:
87:'chariot') or
54:
34:. For other uses, see
3744:Institute 22 (1978–?)
3729:Ruppelt report (1956)
3704:Project Grudge (1949)
3414:Gulf Breeze (1987–88)
3361:Jetpack man (2020–21)
3337:O'Hare Airport (2006)
3307:Phoenix Lights (1997)
3227:Operação Prato (1977)
3112:Lubbock Lights (1951)
3087:Chiles-Whitted (1948)
3057:Kenneth Arnold (1947)
2881:Werblowsky, R. J. Zwi
2655:i. 14, toward the end
2566:Christopher Rowland,
2131:Israel Defense Forces
2121:Ezekiel Saw the Wheel
2063:Chariots of the Gods?
2010:Bearers of the Throne
1951:
1920:elements of the world
1868:("living" angels) in
1682:. The highest World,
1485:In the "four-entered-
1339:
1138:divided the great sea
842:
731:
666:
555:c. 1920s – today
545:1730s CE – today
336:is controlled by the
235:
44:
4035:Government & Law
3956:Government responses
3437:Sightings by country
3356:UFO incidents (2014)
2293:(JPS Hebrew/English)
1764:Babylonian captivity
514:1570 CE – today
500:Cordoverian Kabbalah
412:Rabbinic esotericism
238:St. John the Baptist
3830:Conspiracy theories
3820:Trotskyist-Posadism
3699:Project Sign (1948)
3670:Reptilian humanoids
3327:UFO incident (2004)
3297:Ariel School (1994)
3192:Jimmy Carter (1969)
3187:Shag Harbour (1967)
2869:Scholem, Gershom G.
2628:, kabbalaonline.org
2511:2d ed., v. 171–173.
2485:Jewish Encyclopedia
2178:Judaism for Dummies
1944:Christian mysticism
1896:Hasidic explanation
1362:Hekhalot literature
1257:into the archangel
1152:בי?ו אנמם כהה יהאל.
1045:Hekhalot literature
1039:Hekhalot literature
1033:Hekhalot literature
914:Work of the Chariot
799:wished to initiate
659:Rabbinic commentary
653:Hekhalot literature
643:Christian mysticism
632:Rabbinic literature
236:Ezekiel's Wheel in
137:מַעֲשֵׂה מֶרְכָּבָה
112:hekhalot literature
4086:Merkabah mysticism
3785:Ancient astronauts
3409:Majestic 12 (1985)
3354:Theodore Roosevelt
3282:Ilkley Moor (1987)
3182:Falcon Lake (1967)
3047:Los Angeles (1942)
2849:Karr, Don (2022).
2035:Practical Kabbalah
1954:
1862:self-nullification
1779:(wisdom) realm of
1521:12th-century work
1350:
1012:Hasidic philosophy
932:Hellenistic period
867:indicate that the
859:community, Jewish
853:
835:Jewish development
745:
718:Ishmael ben Elisha
712:(d. c. 80 CE) and
710:Yohanan ben Zakkai
676:
669:Yohanan ben Zakkai
600:, developing from
443:early CE–modernity
439:Practical Kabbalah
419:c. 1 – 200 CE
250:
55:
4073:
4072:
3981:
3980:
3936:Cattle mutilation
3790:Cryptoterrestrial
3432:
3431:
3424:Morristown (2009)
3067:Flight 105 (1947)
2959:Claimed sightings
2894:978-0-691-07314-9
2841:978-1-904113-33-1
2796:978-0-7387-0905-5
2700:The Book of Kells
2393:Babylonian Talmud
2373:See Idel, Moshe,
2192:978-1-119-64307-4
1694:likeness of a Man
1661:
1660:
1599:
1560:
1497:dies soon after;
1404:Elisha ben Abuyah
1366:Babylonian Talmud
1348:, northern Israel
1221:Hekhalot Zutartey
1117:, as well as the
610:Prophetic Judaism
594:
593:
559:
558:
510:Lurianic Kabbalah
477:Ecstatic Kabbalah
472:Medieval Kabbalah
459:Ashkenazi Hasidim
157:
145:
123:Ashkenazi Hasidim
96:Chariot mysticism
86:
74:
16:(Redirected from
4103:
4063:
4062:
3882:Abduction claims
3878:
3800:Interdimensional
3795:Extraterrestrial
3660:Little green men
3635:Types of alleged
3381:Confirmed hoaxes
3172:Kecksburg (1965)
3147:Levelland (1957)
2988:Pre-20th century
2964:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2908:
2898:
2875:
2864:
2862:
2855:
2845:
2823:
2800:
2779:
2768:Kohler, Kaufmann
2763:
2747:
2726:
2725:
2711:
2697:
2691:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2669:
2662:
2656:
2652:Leviticus Rabbah
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2612:
2611:
2605:
2595:
2589:
2584:Michael Swartz,
2580:
2574:
2564:
2558:
2548:
2542:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2378:. Archived from
2371:
2365:
2354:
2348:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2317:
2311:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2269:. Archived from
2258:
2252:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2215:Orlov, Andrei A.
2211:
2205:
2204:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2150:
2134:main battle tank
1973:four evangelists
1966:Paul the Apostle
1840:
1829:
1814:
1760:Solomon's Temple
1653:
1646:
1639:
1595:
1589:
1570:
1561:
1558:
1537:mystic doctrines
1533:Ma'aseh Merkabah
1529:Ma'aseh Bereshit
1413:
1231:Hekhalot Rabbati
1194:Hekhalot Zutarti
1186:Hekhalot Rabbati
970:Dead Sea Scrolls
930:dates from late
812:
811:
805:Ma'aseh Merkabah
768:Ma'aseh Merkabah
764:Ma'aseh Merkabah
759:Ma'aseh Bereshit
598:Jewish mysticism
586:
579:
572:
380:
379:
362:
352:Jewish mysticism
348:
260:
183:
176:
172:consonantal root
152:
150:
140:
138:
100:Jewish mysticism
81:
79:
69:
67:
53:'s vision (1670)
49:'s engraving of
21:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4096:Flying chariots
4091:Book of Ezekiel
4076:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4051:
4030:
4009:
3977:
3941:Close encounter
3919:
3869:
3824:
3773:
3674:
3636:
3629:
3625:Space jellyfish
3620:Mystery airship
3615:Green fireballs
3583:
3428:
3375:
3342:Alderney (2007)
3311:
3302:Varginha (1996)
3035:
2983:
2953:
2940:
2935:
2905:
2895:
2878:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2842:
2826:
2803:
2797:
2784:
2766:
2750:
2734:Singer, Isidore
2732:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2698:
2694:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2663:
2659:
2648:
2644:
2636:
2632:
2624:
2615:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2581:
2577:
2565:
2561:
2549:
2545:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2483:
2476:
2474:
2461:Singer, Isidore
2459:
2450:
2448:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2385:
2383:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2355:
2351:
2338:
2334:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2276:
2274:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2243:
2239:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2193:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2115:Ezekiel Airship
2111:
2079:
2077:Science fiction
2058:
2001:
1996:
1946:
1940:
1901:Hasidic thought
1898:
1856:. Their call, "
1841:
1838:
1830:
1827:
1815:
1812:
1657:
1628:
1600:
1568:
1562:
1553:
1546:Maaseh Merkabah
1512:
1507:
1411:
1354:Gershom Scholem
1334:
1332:Pardes (legend)
1328:
1306:Hebrew alphabet
1247:Sepher Hekhalot
1241:Maaseh Merkabah
1214:
1206:Maaseh Merkabah
1202:Maaseh Merkabah
1190:Pirkei Hekhalot
1127:Hekalot Zutarti
1073:extra-canonical
1061:locus classicus
1041:
1035:
928:Maaseh Merkabah
924:Gershom Scholem
910:Maaseh Merkabah
907:
905:Maaseh Merkabah
901:
898:Maaseh Merkabah
891:Yordei Merkabah
873:Jewish mystical
849:Knesset Menorah
843:Later Medieval
837:
774:. According to
737:Knesset Menorah
726:
661:
590:
561:
560:
542:
538:Hasidic schools
520:Sabbatean sects
481:
416:
377:
346:
246:North Macedonia
230:
224:
164:
128:Maaseh Merkabah
47:Matthäus Merian
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4109:
4107:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4078:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3979:
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3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3953:
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3938:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3921:
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3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3886:
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3875:
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3868:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3834:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3815:Time-traveller
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
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3647:
3641:
3639:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3595:Black triangle
3591:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3574:United Kingdom
3571:
3566:
3563:Canary Islands
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3494:Czech Republic
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
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3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
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3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3257:Manises (1979)
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3177:Westall (1966)
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3097:Mariana (1950)
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:Mantell (1948)
3079:
3074:
3072:Roswell (1947)
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2989:
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2976:
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2951:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2911:
2904:
2903:External links
2901:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2876:
2865:
2846:
2840:
2824:
2801:
2795:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2764:
2752:Jacobs, Joseph
2718:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2692:
2679:
2670:
2657:
2642:
2630:
2613:
2590:
2575:
2559:
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2527:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2500:
2487:bibliography:
2439:
2427:
2415:
2403:
2366:
2349:
2332:
2312:
2308:Revelation 4:8
2295:
2283:
2253:
2237:
2225:German Hasidim
2206:
2191:
2173:Blatner, David
2163:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2107:
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2105:
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2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1962:Daniel Boyarin
1939:
1936:
1897:
1894:
1836:
1825:
1810:
1690:metaphorically
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
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1641:
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1629:
1627:
1626:
1621:
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1582:
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1567:
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1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1330:Main article:
1327:
1320:
1285:Sefer Yetzirah
1263:
1262:
1244:
1238:
1228:
1213:
1210:
1177:see an erotic
1175:Elliot Wolfson
1171:Peter Schaefer
1121:use of secret
1049:divine council
1037:Main article:
1034:
1031:
1027:Jewish liturgy
992:Torah scholars
903:Main article:
900:
895:
836:
833:
725:
722:
660:
657:
656:
655:
645:
628:early Rabbinic
624:
613:
592:
591:
589:
588:
581:
574:
566:
563:
562:
557:
556:
553:
551:Academic study
547:
546:
543:
541:
540:
535:
529:
526:
525:
522:
516:
515:
512:
506:
505:
502:
496:
495:
494:1280s–1400s CE
492:
486:
485:
482:
480:
479:
474:
468:
465:
464:
461:
455:
454:
451:
449:Sefer Yetzirah
445:
444:
441:
435:
434:
431:
421:
420:
417:
415:
414:
409:
403:
400:
399:
396:
390:
389:
386:
378:
375:
374:
371:
370:
364:
363:
355:
354:
345:
342:
223:
220:
187:Masoretic Text
163:
160:
148:maʿăśē merkāḇā
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4108:
4097:
4094:
4092:
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4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3968:Organizations
3966:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
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3937:
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3908:
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3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3865:Project Serpo
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3843:Storm Area 51
3841:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
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3786:
3783:
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3770:
3767:
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3722:
3720:
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3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3665:Nordic aliens
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3645:Energy beings
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3610:Ghost rockets
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3600:Flying saucer
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3588:Types of UFOs
3586:
3580:
3579:United States
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
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3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
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3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3347:Norway (2009)
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:Tehran (1976)
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:Exeter (1965)
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:Sperry (1950)
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3077:Rhodes (1947)
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3031:Aurora (1897)
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
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2956:
2950:
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2896:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2828:Elior, Rachel
2825:
2821:
2817:
2814:(1): 84–106.
2813:
2809:
2808:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2729:public domain
2721:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2708:1 85891 004 8
2705:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:Timo Eskola,
2661:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2535:Elior, Rachel
2531:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2456:public domain
2446:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2382:on 2008-01-10
2381:
2377:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2273:on 2011-09-27
2272:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2245:Jacob Neusner
2241:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2171:Falcon, Ted;
2167:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:Solar chariot
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1950:
1945:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1895:
1893:
1892:in creation.
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1835:
1824:
1822:
1809:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1746:The Rabbinic
1744:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:Throne vision
1665:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1540:explanation.
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1519:philosophical
1516:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1426:hermeneutical
1423:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1399:Rabbi Ishmael
1396:
1391:
1390:pagination.)
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1273:Song of Songs
1270:
1269:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:Rabbi Ishmael
1232:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:Seven Heavens
1092:
1090:
1086:
1085:fallen angels
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
956:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
936:Second Temple
933:
929:
925:
921:
920:
915:
911:
906:
899:
896:
894:
892:
887:
885:
881:
880:Seven Heavens
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
861:apocalyptists
858:
850:
846:
841:
834:
832:
830:
829:
824:
820:
816:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
787:According to
785:
782:
781:
778:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:
753:
750:
742:
738:
734:
730:
723:
721:
719:
715:
711:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
678:The earliest
674:
670:
665:
658:
654:
650:
646:
644:
640:
638:
633:
629:
625:
622:
618:
615:Beginning c.
614:
611:
607:
606:
605:
603:
599:
587:
582:
580:
575:
573:
568:
567:
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72:
63:
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37:
33:
19:
3951:Crop circles
3910:Perspectives
3860:Men in black
3805:Psychosocial
3691:
3448:South Africa
3353:
3324:
3316:21st century
3040:20th century
2994:
2884:
2871:
2831:
2811:
2805:
2786:
2775:
2759:
2754:; Biram, A.
2741:
2699:
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2650:
2645:
2637:
2633:
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2585:
2578:
2567:
2562:
2546:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2518:
2506:
2494:
2484:
2475:. Retrieved
2468:
2434:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2413:(iii. 21–22)
2406:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2380:the original
2369:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2329:(in Hebrew).
2324:
2315:
2298:
2286:
2275:. Retrieved
2271:the original
2266:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2185:p. 74.
2177:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2100:
2091:
2083:
2068:
2061:
1989:
1970:
1955:
1938:Christianity
1932:
1928:
1923:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1839:Psalm 146:10
1833:
1828:Ezekiel 3:12
1820:
1818:
1805:
1803:
1795:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
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1768:
1745:
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1703:
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1554:
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1528:
1522:
1513:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1476:
1470:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1431:paradigmatic
1410:
1408:
1392:
1383:
1373:
1372:to tractate
1352:Moshe Idel,
1351:
1323:
1318:references.
1316:
1309:
1283:
1281:
1268:Shi'ur Qomah
1266:
1264:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1230:
1220:
1215:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1163:enthronement
1155:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1132:
1126:
1123:names of God
1112:
1108:incantations
1104:purification
1100:throne rooms
1093:
1060:
1053:great angels
1042:
1016:
989:
978:
974:Rachel Elior
947:
943:
927:
917:
913:
909:
908:
897:
890:
888:
883:
877:
854:
826:
822:
818:
804:
786:
775:
767:
763:
757:
754:
746:
692:
677:
636:
634:such as the
595:
424:
388:800–400s BCE
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
301:
299:
286:
282:
277:
265:
261:
251:
213:
205:
203:
191:Hebrew Bible
178:
167:
165:
126:
120:
95:
91:
88:
57:
56:
3874:Involvement
3694:(1947–1950)
3650:Grey aliens
3605:Foo fighter
3539:New Zealand
2101:Project UFO
1890:divine flow
1680:Four Worlds
1575:Four Worlds
1418:apostatized
1395:Rabbi Akiva
1342:Rabbi Akiva
1294:Neoplatonic
1225:Rabbi Akiva
1081:eschatology
855:Beyond the
815:Ezekiel 1:4
714:Rabbi Akiva
398:300–100 BCE
272:in Ezekiel
197:'s vision (
4080:Categories
4014:Skepticism
3973:Ufologists
3855:Dulce Base
3778:Hypotheses
3655:Insectoids
3062:1947 craze
2772:"Merkabah"
2608:Wikisource
2601:חגיגה יד ב
2553:, in his "
2551:Maimonides
2386:2007-10-16
2304:Isaiah 6:2
2277:2010-10-09
2201:1120116712
2141:References
1985:Revelation
1981:Tetramorph
1958:Alan Segal
1942:See also:
1926:or ways.
1813:Isaiah 6:3
1559:ch. XXXIII
1515:Maimonides
1457:, Chapter
1358:Joseph Dan
1298:Pythagoric
1277:Maimonides
1098:and seven
1089:demonology
985:metaphoric
801:R. Eliezer
797:R. Johanan
793:Isaiah 3:3
789:Rabbi Ammi
688:homiletics
684:exegetical
453:200–600 CE
240:Church in
226:See also:
110:or in the
66:מֶרְכָּבָה
3998:Religions
3946:Contactee
3915:Insurance
3905:Narrative
3900:Claimants
3850:Bob Lazar
3810:Nazi UFOs
3514:Indonesia
3464:Australia
3459:Argentina
2491:Hamburger
2391:, citing
2291:Ezekiel 1
2030:Muraqabah
1987:4:1–11).
1906:The four
1750:compares
1495:Ben Azzai
1475:) as the
1451:messianic
1388:ArtScroll
1290:cosmogony
1212:Key texts
1198:3rd Enoch
1019:synagogue
1008:analogies
996:blasphemy
958:mysticism
651:merkabah-
623:mysticism
166:The noun
162:Etymology
142:romanized
108:Ezekiel 1
92:mysticism
71:romanized
4065:Category
3931:Implants
3895:Entities
2858:Archived
2830:(2005).
2738:Merkabah
2649:Midrash
2496:R. B. T.
2477:June 26,
2361:Megillah
2339:Verman,
2247:(2005).
2175:(2019).
2040:Quadriga
2015:Cherubim
1994:See also
1979:(or the
1882:Atziluth
1878:Seraphim
1874:Atziluth
1870:Yetzirah
1854:Atziluth
1846:Seraphim
1837:—
1826:—
1811:—
1806:Seraphim
1797:Kedushah
1789:Yetzirah
1781:Atziluth
1771:prophecy
1721:Yetzirah
1715:Seraphim
1699:Sephirot
1685:Atziluth
1664:Kabbalah
1619:Yetzirah
1609:Atziluth
1579:Kabbalah
1552:—
1499:Ben Zoma
1472:ts'daqqa
1422:halakhic
1364:and the
1346:Tiberias
1340:Tomb of
1259:Metatron
1179:theology
1119:theurgic
1000:idolatry
981:Creation
966:esoteric
952:Kabbalah
919:Hekhalot
884:hekhalot
869:Dead Sea
857:rabbinic
845:Kabbalah
749:Talmudic
680:Rabbinic
673:Tiberias
667:Tomb of
649:esoteric
617:530s BCE
602:Isaiah's
533:Hasidism
504:1500s CE
429:Hekhalot
425:Merkabah
384:Prophets
338:seraphim
322:seraphim
310:seraphim
304:seraphim
295:sapphire
206:merkavah
177:
168:merkavah
89:Merkavah
58:Merkabah
45:Copy of
3993:Fiction
3986:Culture
3890:History
3838:Area 51
3679:Studies
3474:Belgium
3469:Belarus
3454:Albania
2967:General
2949:Ufology
2883:(ed.).
2731::
2717:Sources
2638:Hagigah
2458::
2435:Hagigah
2423:Hagigah
2358:Tosefta
2326:Sefaria
2158:Sefaria
2127:Merkava
2092:Knowing
2084:Contact
1964:regard
1924:Ophanim
1915:Ophanim
1776:chokmah
1752:Ezekiel
1740:Ophanim
1614:Beri'ah
1491:Hagigah
1467:Charity
1463:Justice
1449:" in a
1443:Hagigah
1435:tannaim
1378:of the
1375:Hagigah
1311:sefirot
1251:3 Enoch
1167:retinue
1067:(Chap.
1023:Shavuot
847:on the
825:ii. 1;
823:Hagigah
819:Hagigah
803:in the
780:Hagigah
741:Midrash
735:on the
705:." The
326:ophanim
318:ophanim
314:hayyoth
289:ophanim
266:khayyot
242:Kratovo
195:Ezekiel
189:of the
156:
144::
104:visions
85:
77:merkāḇā
73::
51:Ezekiel
32:Merkava
18:Merkaba
3961:GEIPAN
3569:Sweden
3554:Russia
3549:Poland
3544:Norway
3529:Mexico
3504:Greece
3499:France
3484:Canada
3479:Brazil
3444:Africa
3325:Nimitz
3002:(740s)
2891:
2838:
2793:
2706:
2603:
2572:p. 276
2411:Sirach
2398:Sukkah
2364:3 :28.
2199:
2189:
2094:(film)
2086:(film)
2050:Vimana
1909:Hayyot
1886:Hayyot
1866:Hayyot
1850:Beriah
1821:Hayyot
1785:Beriah
1756:Isaiah
1748:Talmud
1734:Assiah
1727:Hayyot
1710:Beriah
1705:Beriah
1676:seraph
1672:Isaiah
1624:Assiah
1487:pardes
1478:middot
1455:Daniel
1384:pardes
1380:Mishna
1370:Gemara
1324:Pardes
1300:, and
1159:mantra
1077:Qumran
1065:Isaiah
1059:. The
955:Jewish
948:hekhal
944:hekhal
865:Qumran
831:80b).
733:Talmud
695:Talmud
639:ascent
637:Pardes
407:Pardes
334:hayyot
330:Hayyot
283:hayyot
278:hayyot
270:cherub
262:hayyot
255:Hebrew
215:hayyot
199:1:4–26
133:Hebrew
94:(lit.
62:Hebrew
3924:Other
3559:Spain
3534:Nepal
3524:Italy
3509:India
3489:China
2861:(PDF)
2854:(PDF)
2508:G. V.
2425:ii. 1
2230:Zohar
2109:Other
1447:David
1302:Stoic
1255:Enoch
1135:Moses
1115:hymns
1057:Torah
828:Shab.
772:Ḥiyya
707:sages
699:Abaye
490:Zohar
376:Forms
274:10:14
181:r-k-b
4003:list
3519:Iran
3352:USS
3323:USS
2938:UFOs
2889:ISBN
2836:ISBN
2791:ISBN
2704:ISBN
2503:Zunz
2479:2013
2401:28a.
2306:and
2197:OCLC
2187:ISBN
2103:(TV)
1960:and
1858:Holy
1754:and
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1531:and
1465:and
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1397:and
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940:cult
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703:Rava
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