223:
95:
291:, this can happen from the precipitation of new minerals at the same time as the dissolution of existing minerals. The second feature used to identify metasomatism is that it is from the preservation of rocks in its solid state during replacement. The third distinctive feature is from isochemical metamorphism, or the addition or subtraction of major elements other than
1137:
April 1995, p. 909-924. Dickson, F. W., 2000, Chemical emplacement of magma, v. 30, p.475-487. Dickson, F. W., 2005, Role of liquids in irreversible processes in earth and replacement in
Papoose Flat pluton, California. In Rhoden, R. H., Steininger, R. C., and Vikre, R.G., eds: Geol. Soc. Nevada Symposium 2005: Window to the World, Reno, Nevada May, 2005, p. 161-178.
514:
There are two main schemes discussed for the manifestation of metasomatism in nature in granitic systems. Diffusion metasomatism, which was mentioned in the types of metasomatites section, and infiltration metasomatism. Infiltration takes place in cracks or fractures that promote fluid flow in areas
1136:
Dickson, F. W., 1996, Porphyroblasts of barium-zoned K-feldspar and quartz, Papoose Flat
California, genesis and exploration implications. In Coyner,A.R., Fahey, P.I., eds. Geology and Ore Deposits of the American Cordillera: Geological Society of Nevada Symposium Proceedings, Reno/Sparks, Nevada,
522:
These two methods are commonly used for transportation from one region to another. These effected regions can be either enriched or depleted in the components transported relative to the premetasomatic state. Chemical weathering strongly effects the levels and contents of the metasomatic liquid and
38:
and other fluids. It is traditionally defined as metamorphism which involves a change in the chemical composition, excluding volatile components. It is the replacement of one rock by another of different mineralogical and chemical composition. The minerals which compose the rocks are dissolved and
458:
Effects of metasomatism in mantle peridotite can be either modal or cryptic. In cryptic metasomatism, mineral compositions are changed, or introduced elements are concentrated on grain boundaries and the peridotite mineralogy appears unchanged. In modal metasomatism, new minerals are formed.
1123:
Taylor, R.D., Hammarstrom, J.M., Piatak, N.M., and Seal II, R.R., 2012, Arc-related porphyry molybdenum deposit model: Chapter D in
Mineral deposit models for resource assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report USGS Numbered Series 2010-5070-D,
648:, commonly present in the distal areas of porphyry deposits, is a low-temperature assemblage that converts feldspars and some other minerals into clay minerals such as kaolinite and illite. It can overprint older, higher-temperature alteration assemblages.
326:
In such cases, characterising alteration often requires microscope investigation of the mineral assemblage of the rocks to characterise the minerals, any additional mineral growth, changes in protolith minerals, and so on.
920:
Boulvais, Philippe; Ruffet, Gilles; Cornichet, Jean; Mermet, Maxime (January 2007). "Cretaceous albitization and dequartzification of
Hercynian peraluminous granite in the Salvezines Massif (French Pyrénées)".
432:, sodic pyroxenes or amphiboles and often unusual minerals (such as chevkinite or columbite) comprising ordinarily incompatible elements that do not readily become incorporated into a crystal lattice i.e.
462:
Cryptic metasomatism may be caused as rising or percolating melts interact with surrounding peridotite, and compositions of both melts and peridotite are changed. At high mantle temperatures, solid-state
1079:<0921:uteopm>2.3.co;2 "Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance"
364:
whole-rock replacement in shear zones, resulting in rocks in which the existing mineralogy has been completely recrystallised and replaced by hydrated minerals such as chlorite,
219:. The source region is often largely chemically unaffected compared to the highly hydrated, altered shear zones, but both must have undergone complementary metasomatism.
956:
Engvik, A. K.; Putnis, A.; Fitz Gerald, J. D.; Austrheim, H. (1 December 2008). "Albitization of granitic rocks: The mechanism of replacement of oligoclase by albite".
254:-rich and water-rich fluids, as discussed by Luth (2003). Metasomatism is thought to be particularly important in changing the composition of mantle peridotite below
519:. Rocks altered by infiltration metasomatism will be less altered than rocks altered by diffusion because of the dispersion effects during fluid advection.
675:. Stressed minerals and country rocks of granitic plutons are replaced by porphyroblasts of orthoclase and quartz, in the Papoose Flat quartz monzonites.
177:
components as hydrous minerals break down, with this fluid percolating up into the shallow levels of the crust to chemically change and alter these rocks.
330:
In some cases, geochemical evidence can be found of metasomatic alteration processes. This is usually in the form of mobile, soluble elements such as
467:
can also be effective in changing rock compositions over tens of centimeters adjacent to melt conduits: gradients in mineral composition adjacent to
184:
which is the in-situ mineralogical change of a rock without appreciable change in the chemistry of the rock. Because metamorphism usually requires
287:
Metasomatism can be similar to other endogenic processes and is separated by 4 main features. The first of these is the ion-by-ion replacement in
652:
Rarer types of hydrothermal fluids may include highly carbonic fluids, resulting in advanced carbonation reactions of the host rock typical of
1026:
789:
752:
1011:
Metasomatism and the
Chemical Transformation of Rock: Rock-Mineral-Fluid Interaction in Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Environments
737:
Metasomatism and the
Chemical Transformation of Rock: Rock-Mineral-Fluid Interaction in Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Environments
486:
has been considered strong evidence of metasomatic processes in the mantle. Formation of minerals less common in peridotite, such as
869:
323:, such that the only evidence of alteration is bleaching, change in colour or change in the crystallinity of micaceous minerals.
222:
1156:
515:
of high permeability. Diffusion takes place when fluid is incorporated into the pores of the rock, this is determined by the
191:
Further, because metasomatism is a mass transfer process, it is not restricted to the rocks which are changed by addition of
1161:
629:
428:, as a variant of metasomatism associated with strongly alkaline or carbonatitic magmatism introducing a variety of
906:
846:
1102:
696:
350:. However, to characterise the alteration properly, it is necessary to compare altered with unaltered samples.
637:
44:
207:
which are the product of focused concentration of fluids derived from many cubic kilometres of dehydrated
620:(adularia) alteration, often quite pervasive and producing distinct salmon-pink alteration vein selvages.
540:
531:
Investigation of altered rocks in hydrothermal ore deposits has highlighted several ubiquitous types of
422:
mafic dykes, containing grossular-andradite garnet, calcic pyroxene, vesuvianite, epidote and scapolite.
391:
903:
Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the
Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: Web version 01.02.07
843:
Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the
Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: Web version 01.02.07
1090:
1051:
965:
930:
624:
281:
270:
180:
This mechanism implies that metasomatism is open system behaviour, which is different from classical
895:
835:
644:
347:
188:
in order to facilitate metamorphic reactions, metamorphism nearly always occurs with metasomatism.
165:
into a zone with lower stress and temperature, with metamorphic hydrothermal solutions acting as a
661:
487:
319:
Metasomatic rocks can be extremely varied. Often, metasomatised rocks are pervasively but weakly
535:
which form distinct groups of metasomatic alteration effects, textures and mineral assemblages.
199:. In all cases, to produce a metasomatic rock some other rock is also metasomatised, if only by
1106:
1022:
865:
785:
748:
235:
196:
1098:
1059:
1014:
973:
938:
777:
740:
405:
369:
192:
158:
154:
864:(Volume 2 Treatise on Geochemistry ed.). Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford. pp. 319–361.
805:
280:
melts are often considered to have been responsible for enrichment of mantle peridotite in
813:
669:
601:
208:
170:
142:
1094:
1063:
1055:
969:
934:
94:
665:
557:
357:
300:
251:
227:
146:
115:
31:
269:. Metasomatism has also been considered critical for enriching source regions of some
1150:
708:
653:
419:
150:
1125:
181:
126:
88:
35:
942:
307:). The last feature is the distinct zones of metasomatism. These are formed from
1078:
1018:
769:
744:
702:
633:
503:
443:
353:
When the process becomes extremely advanced, typical metasomatites can include:
277:
262:
204:
162:
781:
705: – How the various types of mineral deposits form within the Earth's crust
617:
479:
468:
415:
266:
255:
239:
212:
107:
103:
1110:
977:
657:
605:
569:
475:
464:
437:
411:
383:
365:
335:
311:
and metamorphism and form a characteristic pattern of a metasomatic column.
308:
243:
68:
523:
the major element geochemistry and mineralogy of siliciclastic sediments.
66:
can be used as a name for specific varieties of metasomatism (for example
690:
613:
565:
516:
495:
483:
429:
339:
247:
138:
862:
Mantle volatiles - distribution and consequences in The Mantle and Core
684:
609:
587:
553:
491:
433:
401:
397:
379:
343:
288:
174:
166:
134:
119:
111:
84:
40:
717: – Hard, coarse-grained, hydrothermally altered metamorphic rocks
894:
Zharikov V.A.; Pertsev N.N.; Rusinov V.L.; Callegari E.; Fettes D.J.
834:
Zharikov V.A.; Pertsev N.N.; Rusinov V.L.; Callegari E.; Fettes D.J.
672:
591:
583:
579:
561:
549:
499:
447:
425:
331:
99:
83:
Metasomatism can occur via the action of hydrothermal fluids from an
75:
203:
reactions with minimal chemical change. This is best illustrated by
1042:
Roden, Michael F.; Murthy, v. Rama (1985). "Mantle
Metasomatism".
714:
375:
292:
273:
259:
221:
185:
130:
93:
1077:
Fedo, Christopher M.; Wayne
Nesbitt, H.; Young, Grant M. (1995).
169:. This can be envisaged as the metamorphic rocks within the deep
149:
mass. In the metamorphic environment, metasomatism is driven by
545:
387:
361:
216:
47:
and deposition occur simultaneously and the rock remains solid.
632:
and in a disseminated manner; sericite in particular replaces
16:
Chemical alteration of a rock by hydrothermal and other fluids
604:
and lode gold deposits, results in production of micaceous,
1103:
10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0921:uteopm>2.3.co;2
770:"Fluid-Induced Processes: Metasomatism and Metamorphism"
711: – Obsolete geologic term for magma emitting gasses
656:, and silica-hematite fluids resulting in production of
382:
intrusions and adjacent to reactive lithologies such as
552:-bearing hydrothermal fluids, and typically results in
242:
at high temperatures can be changed by infiltration of
699: – Circulation of water driven by heat exchange
506:, is also attributed to melt or fluid metasomatism.
628:, in which these minerals can be deposited both in
482:, and the presence of these minerals in peridotite
211:into thin, often highly metasomatised and altered
687: – Highly altered granitic rock or pegmatite
1126:http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20105070D
998:. Academy of Sciences Russia. pp. 131–146.
378:and skarnoid rock types, typically adjacent to
474:Modal metasomatism may result in formation of
8:
471:dikes may preserve evidence of the process.
43:formations are deposited in their place.
768:Putnis, A.; Austrheim, H. (2010-12-23).
234:Metasomatism is more complicated in the
30:"body") is the chemical alteration of a
994:Zharikov, V. A.; et al. (et al.).
896:"9. Metasomatism and metasomatic rocks"
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
836:"9. Metasomatism and metasomatic rocks"
727:
612:in iron-rich rocks, muscovite mica or
7:
1009:Harlov, D.E.; Austrheim, H. (2013).
989:
987:
735:Harlov, D.E.; Austrheim, H. (2013).
1064:10.1146/annurev.ea.13.050185.001413
129:environment, metasomatism produces
996:Metasomatism and metasomatic rocks
693: – Group of metamorphic rocks
230:in serpentinite Nelson New Zealand
14:
640:and porphyry molybdenum deposits.
625:Quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration
590:, and typically results in weak
636:and biotite. This is common in
810:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
442:Albitite, from replacement of
1:
238:, because the composition of
943:10.1016/j.lithos.2006.05.001
173:losing fluids and dissolved
110:alteration of metamorphosed
1019:10.1007/978-3-642-28394-9_1
745:10.1007/978-3-642-28394-9_1
143:contact metamorphic aureole
1178:
782:10.1002/9781444394900.ch18
258:as water is driven out of
958:The Canadian Mineralogist
907:British Geological Survey
847:British Geological Survey
576:Albite-epidote alteration
978:10.3749/canmin.46.6.1401
697:Hydrothermal circulation
582:-bearing fluids rich in
195:and minerals or hydrous
664:and pervasive zones of
564:alteration, often with
774:Frontiers in Geofluids
533:alteration assemblages
527:Alteration assemblages
315:Types of metasomatites
231:
122:
1157:Metamorphic petrology
1044:Earth Planet Sci Lett
616:in felsic rocks, and
541:Propylitic alteration
392:banded iron formation
282:incompatible elements
271:silica-undersaturated
225:
97:
50:Synonyms of the word
22:(from the Greek μετά
1162:Geological processes
1013:. Berlin: Springer.
860:Luth, R. W. (2003).
739:. Berlin: Springer.
510:Metasomatism Schemes
1095:1995Geo....23..921F
1056:1985AREPS..13..269R
970:2008CaMin..46.1401E
935:2007Litho..93...89B
645:Argillic alteration
598:Potassic alteration
418:particularly their
348:rare earth elements
60:metasomatic process
662:manto ore deposits
232:
123:
26:"change" and σῶμα
1028:978-3-642-28393-2
791:978-1-4443-3330-5
754:978-3-642-28393-2
608:minerals such as
205:gold ore deposits
193:chemical elements
153:from a volume of
137:, and may affect
1169:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1006:
1000:
999:
991:
982:
981:
964:(6): 1401–1415.
953:
947:
946:
917:
911:
910:
900:
891:
876:
875:
857:
851:
850:
840:
831:
825:
824:
822:
820:
802:
796:
795:
765:
759:
758:
732:
594:-silica-epidote.
400:deposits within
155:metamorphic rock
1177:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1118:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1008:
1007:
1003:
993:
992:
985:
955:
954:
950:
929:(1–2): 89–106.
919:
918:
914:
898:
893:
892:
879:
872:
859:
858:
854:
838:
833:
832:
828:
818:
816:
814:Merriam-Webster
806:"metasomatosis"
804:
803:
799:
792:
767:
766:
762:
755:
734:
733:
729:
724:
681:
668:, typically in
638:porphyry copper
602:porphyry copper
529:
512:
317:
306:
298:
145:adjacent to an
17:
12:
11:
5:
1175:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1149:
1148:
1140:
1139:
1129:
1116:
1069:
1034:
1027:
1001:
983:
948:
912:
877:
870:
852:
826:
797:
790:
760:
753:
726:
725:
723:
720:
719:
718:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
680:
677:
666:silicification
654:calc-silicates
650:
649:
641:
621:
595:
573:
528:
525:
511:
508:
456:
455:
440:
423:
409:
395:
373:
316:
313:
304:
301:carbon dioxide
296:
252:carbon dioxide
236:Earth's mantle
226:Metasomatized
147:intrusive rock
116:Stone Mountain
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1174:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1145:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1005:
1002:
997:
990:
988:
984:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
952:
949:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
916:
913:
908:
904:
897:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
878:
873:
871:0-08-043751-6
867:
863:
856:
853:
848:
844:
837:
830:
827:
815:
811:
807:
801:
798:
793:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
764:
761:
756:
750:
746:
742:
738:
731:
728:
721:
716:
713:
710:
709:Pneumatolysis
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
682:
678:
676:
674:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
647:
646:
642:
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:
622:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
600:, typical of
599:
596:
593:
589:
585:
581:
578:is caused by
577:
574:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
544:is caused by
543:
542:
538:
537:
536:
534:
526:
524:
520:
518:
509:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
460:
453:
449:
445:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
424:
421:
420:serpentinized
417:
413:
410:
407:
403:
399:
396:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
374:
371:
367:
363:
359:
356:
355:
354:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
324:
322:
314:
312:
310:
302:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
272:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
250:melts and by
249:
245:
241:
237:
229:
224:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:mass transfer
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
92:
90:
86:
81:
79:
78:-metasomatose
77:
72:
71:-metasomatose
70:
65:
61:
57:
56:metasomatosis
53:
48:
46:
42:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1143:
1132:
1119:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1010:
1004:
995:
961:
957:
951:
926:
922:
915:
902:
861:
855:
842:
829:
817:. Retrieved
809:
800:
773:
763:
736:
730:
651:
643:
623:
597:
575:
539:
532:
530:
521:
513:
473:
461:
457:
452:albitization
451:
404:margins and
352:
329:
325:
320:
318:
286:
233:
200:
190:
182:metamorphism
179:
124:
98:Metasomatic
82:
74:
67:
64:metasomatose
63:
59:
55:
52:metasomatism
51:
49:
36:hydrothermal
27:
23:
20:Metasomatism
19:
18:
1089:(10): 921.
1050:: 269–296.
776:: 254–269.
703:Ore genesis
634:plagioclase
504:armalcolite
444:plagioclase
414:typical of
278:Carbonatite
263:lithosphere
256:island arcs
213:shear zones
201:dehydration
163:temperature
89:metamorphic
62:. The word
45:Dissolution
1151:Categories
658:jasperoids
618:orthoclase
480:phlogopite
469:pyroxenite
416:ophiolites
370:serpentine
267:subduction
240:peridotite
157:at higher
108:tourmaline
104:hornblende
1111:0091-7613
722:Reference
570:magnetite
484:xenoliths
476:amphibole
465:diffusion
438:zirconium
430:feldspars
412:Rodingite
384:limestone
366:muscovite
346:and some
336:strontium
309:magmatism
244:carbonate
197:compounds
91:source.
819:10 April
691:Hornfels
679:See also
670:dolomite
614:sericite
606:potassic
566:hematite
558:chlorite
517:porosity
496:ilmenite
488:dolomite
358:Chlorite
340:rubidium
289:minerals
248:silicate
139:hornfels
1091:Bibcode
1083:Geology
1052:Bibcode
966:Bibcode
931:Bibcode
685:Greisen
610:biotite
588:calcium
572:facies.
554:epidote
492:calcite
434:niobium
406:cupolas
402:granite
398:Greisen
380:granite
344:calcium
321:altered
299:O) and
265:during
175:mineral
167:solvent
141:in the
135:greisen
127:igneous
125:In the
120:Atlanta
112:granite
85:igneous
41:mineral
1109:
1025:
923:Lithos
868:
788:
751:
673:strata
592:albite
584:sodium
580:silica
562:pyrite
550:sulfur
502:, and
500:rutile
448:albite
426:Fenite
368:, and
332:barium
274:magmas
159:stress
131:skarns
100:albite
899:(PDF)
839:(PDF)
715:Skarn
630:veins
376:Skarn
293:water
260:ocean
217:lodes
209:crust
186:water
171:crust
1107:ISSN
1023:ISBN
866:ISBN
821:2023
786:ISBN
749:ISBN
586:and
568:and
548:and
546:iron
478:and
390:and
388:marl
362:mica
246:and
228:dike
215:and
161:and
73:and
58:and
54:are
39:new
32:rock
28:sôma
24:metá
1099:doi
1060:doi
1015:doi
974:doi
939:doi
778:doi
741:doi
446:by
360:or
303:(CO
87:or
80:).
34:by
1153::
1105:.
1097:.
1087:23
1085:.
1081:.
1058:.
1048:13
1046:.
1021:.
986:^
972:.
962:46
960:.
937:.
927:93
925:.
905:.
901:.
880:^
845:.
841:.
812:.
808:.
784:.
772:.
747:.
660:,
498:,
494:,
490:,
436:,
386:,
342:,
338:,
334:,
295:(H
284:.
276:.
133:,
118:,
114:,
106:+
102:+
76:Na
69:Mg
1113:.
1101::
1093::
1066:.
1062::
1054::
1031:.
1017::
980:.
976::
968::
945:.
941::
933::
909:.
874:.
849:.
823:.
794:.
780::
757:.
743::
560:-
556:-
454:)
450:(
408:.
394:.
372:.
305:2
297:2
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
