198:
450:
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362:. The king ordered the sacrifice of a goose every Michaelmas in honour of the saint. The Irish Michaelmas goose was slaughtered and eaten on the day; they were also presented as gifts or donated to the poor. In parts of Ireland sheep were also slaughtered with tradition of the "St. Michael's portion" donated to the poor. Poultry markets and fairs took place to sell geese as well as mutton pies. In
49:
641:. The celebration of this holiday teaches the importance of facing fears and strengthening resolve. As the first festival of the new school year, it is celebrated with an all-school play, in which each class assumes a role, such as peasants, townspeople, nobles, etc. Students assume a new role as they pass from grade to grade, and it becomes something of a rite of passage.
663:, Michaelmas has been observed since 1786 as Goose Day. Local tradition holds that eating goose on 29 September will bring prosperity. The good-luck goose connection comes from the historical legend (see above) concerning Queen Elizabeth I, who was said to be eating goose on Michaelmas in 1588 when she received news that her royal navy had defeated the Spanish Armada. The
1871:
326:, County Waterford, a procession with an effigy of St Michael, called the MicilĂn, was brought through the town to the shore to mark the end of the fishing season. In Irish folklore, clear weather on Michaelmas was a portent of a long winter, "Michaelmas Day be bright and clear there will be two 'Winters' in the year."
354:
goose. There was a saying that "if you eat goose on
Michaelmas Day you will never lack money all year". Tenant farmers sometimes presented the geese to their landlords, as could be stipulated in their tenancy agreements. The custom dates to at least the 15th century, and was easily continued as geese
212:
In the fifth century, a basilica near Rome was dedicated in honour of Saint
Michael the Archangel on 30 September, beginning with celebrations on the eve of that day. 29 September is now kept in honour of Saint Michael and all Angels throughout some western churches. The name Michaelmas comes from a
472:
on 29 September three
Archangels are celebrated: Saint Michael, Saint Gabriel, and Saint Raphael. Their feasts were unified in one common day during the second half of the 20th century. In the time before their feasts were: 29 September (only St Michael), 24 March for St Gabriel, and 24 October for
418:
Folklore in the
British Isles suggests that Michaelmas day is the last day that blackberries can be picked. It is said that when St. Michael expelled the devil, Lucifer, from heaven, he fell from the skies and landed in a prickly blackberry bush. Satan cursed the fruit, scorched them with his
381:
was eating a goose on the holiday when she heard of the defeat of the
Spanish Armada, and thus proclaimed that geese should be eaten by everyone each year in commemoration of the victory. This falls apart when the date (geese and Michaelmas were connected at least a century earlier, if not longer)
683:
for the night where he met a young
Englishman named Archibald Hunter, who was offered the job. The contract that was drawn for employment contained a clause specifying their accounts were to be settled each year on the traditional day to do so, 29 September. When that day came, Hunter appeared at
688:, where it is still honored today with many local restaurants and civics groups offering goose dinners, local festivals, and other county-wide activities. In honor of the holiday, painted fiberglass goose statues can be found throughout the county all year long.
322:), pilgrimages to holy wells associated with St Michael took place, with pilgrims taking a drink from the holy water from the well. The greeting "May Michaelmas fĂ©inĂn on you" was traditional. Boys born on this day were often christened Michael or MicheĂĄl. In
408:, on the eve of the Feast of Saint Michael, the Archangel, probably originated in the Hebrides. The bread was made from equal parts of barley, oats, and rye without using any metal implements. In remembrance of absent friends or those who had died, special
290:
were held at the end of
September or beginning of October. The day was also considered a "gale day" in Ireland when rent would be due, as well as a day for the issuing or settling of contracts or other legal transactions.
700:
so the gap widens by a day every century except the current one). It is said that the Devil fell out of Heaven on this date, and fell into a blackberry bush, cursing the fruit as he fell. According to an old legend,
530:
of the academic year, which begins at this time, at various educational institutions in the United
Kingdom, Ireland and those parts of the Commonwealth in the northern hemisphere. These include the universities of
1598:
419:
fiery breath, stamped, spat, and urinated on them, so that they would be unfit for eating. As it is considered ill-advised to eat them after 11 October (Old
Michaelmas Day according to the
1523:
1324:
726:
358:
One association of geese with
Michaelmas comes from a legend in which the son of an Irish king choked on a goose bone he had eaten, and was then brought back to life by
1080:
485:
622:, wrote a hymn for the day that is still sung in Lutheran churches: "Lord God, We All to Thee Give Praise" (The Lutheran Hymnal 254), which shares its tune with the
1478:
1921:
1606:
684:
Pontius' door with his accounts and a goose, explaining that in England, eating a goose on 29 September brought good luck. The tradition spread to nearby
813:
596:
operates on an annual term and roughly follows the English custom by beginning that term on the first Monday in October, a few days after Michaelmas.
374:, County Cavan, the goose was covered in local blue clay and placed at the centre of the fire until the clay broke, indicating the goose was cooked.
1881:
1573:
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906:
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The term is also the name of the first of four terms into which the legal year is divided by the courts of Ireland and England and Wales.
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933:
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traditions, there are three to four archangels in their calendars for the 29 September feast for St. Michael and All Angels: namely
142:
579:
in Ireland also have a Michaelmas term as one of their dining terms. It begins in September and ends towards the end of December.
870:
556:
370:. There were differing methods across Ireland for cooking the goose, most generally using a heavy iron pot on an open hearth. In
592:
While terms are not used by most courts in the United States, where court calendars are usually continuous and year-round, the
232:, but this tradition was abolished in the 18th century. In medieval England, Michaelmas marked the ending and beginning of the
1334:
1926:
1776:
1762:
1084:
1690:
697:
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423:), a Michaelmas pie is made from the last of the season. In Ireland, the soiling of blackberries is also attributed to a
1931:
660:
197:
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593:
31:
709:, it is said that the devil spat on them. According to Morrell (1977), this old legend is well known in all parts of
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449:
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1916:
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1301:
604:
366:, it was traditional for tenants to present their landlord with a couple of geese, a tradition dating back to
1820:
862:
685:
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is traditionally convened on the Sunday closest to Michaelmas, in honor of and to bless lawyers and judges.
552:
532:
170:
on 29 September, and on 8 November in the Eastern Christian traditions. Michaelmas has been one of the four
1427:
817:
696:
Old Michaelmas Day falls on 11 October (10 October according to some sources â the dates are the result of
185:
is considered as the greatest of all the angels; being particularly honored for defeating the devil in the
1665:
1356:
311:). Hence the rhyme: "The Michaelmas daisies, among dead weeds, Bloom for St Michael's valorous deeds ..."
229:
1875:
307:
was held. One of the few flowers left around at this time of year is the Michaelmas daisy (also known as
221:(Candle Mass, the Mass where traditionally the candles to be used throughout the year would be blessed).
1936:
765:
In traditional Protestantism, such as the Lutheran Churches, Anglican Churches and Anabaptist Churches,
960:
649:
544:
540:
367:
178:
1691:"Feast of Sts. Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael, Archangels â September 29, 2014 â Liturgical Calendar"
717:. In Cornwall, a similar legend prevails; however, the saying goes that the devil urinated on them.
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to farm. When his farm prospered, he decided to hire a tenant farmer to help. On his way to
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237:
110:
1901:
1050:"Michaelmas, 29th September, and the customs and traditions associated with Michaelmas Day"
618:. Lutheran Christians consider it a principal feast of Christ, and the Lutheran Confessor,
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459:
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1634:
Judicial Sitting for the Michaelmas Term, Monday 4th October âTuesday 21st December 2010
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1185:. Oxford paperback reference. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. p. 237.
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572:
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308:
201:
186:
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section of the Protestant Bible that straddles the Old Testament and New Testament.
300:
279:
171:
163:
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The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom; Judicial Committee of the Privy Council,
614:
Because Saint Michael is the patron of police officers, Michaelmas may also see a
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48:
1713:"The Lutheran Hymnal 254. Lord God, we all to Thee give praise | Hymnary.org"
1480:
The proper for the lesser feasts and fasts: together with the fixed holy days
526:
Michaelmas is used in the extended sense of autumn, as the name of the first
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Land of Milk and Honey : The story of traditional Irish food and drink
412:, blessed at an early morning Mass, were given to the poor in their names.
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Another legend surrounding the origin of the Michaelmas goose is that
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282:, when accounts had to be settled. On manors, it was the day when a
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272:
196:
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of the English and Irish financial, judicial, and academic year.
1309:
1115:"Geese, daisies and debts: Michaelmas customs in Ireland of old"
125:
1763:"What Is Michaelmas And Why Do Waldorf Schools Celebrate It?"
563:
for their autumn term, following the old Scottish term days.
667:
Valley began celebrating this version of Michaelmas when a
131:
1272:"Peter Reinhart's struan: The harvest bread of Michaelmas"
1143:"Are we ready to embrace the Michaelmas goose once again?"
462:. From left to right: Raphael, Michael, Uriel, and Gabriel
885:
119:
585:
In the United Kingdom, the United States and Ireland, a
637:
considered it the second most important festival after
925:
Saint Michael the Archangel in medieval English legend
857:
Blackburn, Bonnie; Holford-Strevens, Leofranc (2000).
382:
and the timing of the battle (August) are considered.
705:
should not be picked after this date (see above). In
671:
named Andrew Pontius moved his family to neighboring
386:
385:
The custom of baking a special bread or cake, called
213:
shortening of "Michael's Mass", in the same style as
143:
134:
122:
1821:"What's special about Mifflin County on Goose Day?"
1765:. Waldorf School of New Orleans. 26 September 2019.
698:
the shift from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
415:Nuts were traditionally cracked on Michaelmas Eve.
342:(one prepared around harvest time, fattened on the
267:and the shortening of days. It was also one of the
128:
116:
113:
94:
84:
58:
41:
1477:Episcopal Church, Standing Liturgical Commission.
1011:"Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Michael the Archangel"
240:observes: "at that time harvest was over, and the
1892:Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Raphael the Archangel
1887:Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Gabriel the Archangel
785:are intertestamental books, being a part of the
252:would be making out the accounts for the year."
1882:Alice's Medieval Feasts & Fasts: Michaelmas
1215:. Dublin, IE: Mercier Press. pp. 135â137.
816:. Pacific Hills Lutheran Church. Archived from
1897:Prayers Dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel
807:
805:
458:Stained glass of the four archangels, at the
152:Feast of Saints Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael
8:
166:festival observed in many Western Christian
1533:. September 2007. p. 6. Archived from
1181:Simpson, Jacqueline; Roud, Stephen (2001).
1033:English Villagers of the Thirteenth Century
1551:"Semester dates" University of St. Andrews
1043:
1041:
679:to hire a German immigrant, he stopped in
286:was elected from the peasants. Michaelmas
47:
38:
1302:"Struan: The harvest-bread of Michaelmas"
1074:
1072:
1070:
1005:
1003:
955:
953:
951:
42:Feast of Saints Michael, Gabriel, Raphael
355:are in their prime at Michaelmas time.
334:A traditional meal for the day includes
204:defeats the Dragon, from a 12th-century
1308:(article & recipe). Charlotte, NC:
801:
758:
1579:from the original on 29 September 2020
1137:
1135:
812:Blersch, Jeffrey (21 September 2019).
1922:Public holidays in the United Kingdom
1428:"Truss Carvings: Heroes of the Faith"
1325:"Merry times at the Michaelmas Feast"
1204:
1202:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1113:McGarry, Marion (27 September 2019).
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1083:. Black Country Bugle. Archived from
886:Blackburn & Holford-Strevens 2000
648:, Michaelmas is the day when the new
395:
259:, this holy day is associated in the
160:Feast of Saint Michael and All Angels
7:
460:Anglican Church of St James, Grimsby
1738:"The Lutheran Hymnal | Hymnary.org"
1355:Koenig, Chris (21 September 2011).
1323:Koenig, Chris (21 September 2011).
1151:. 29 September 2012. Archived from
431:Differences in number of archangels
88:29 September (Western Christianity)
1799:"Goose Day â Juniata River Valley"
1524:"Saint Michael and All the Angels"
629:Michaelmas is still celebrated in
25:
1666:"Gabriel the Archangel: March 24"
1647:from the original on 8 April 2014
1244:Oulton, Randal W. (13 May 2007).
228:, Michaelmas was celebrated as a
90:8 November (Eastern Christianity)
1869:
1599:"High Court Sittings: Law Terms"
1183:A dictionary of English folklore
922:Richard Freeman Johnson (2005),
727:St Michael and All Angels Church
577:Honorable Society of King's Inns
448:
439:
109:
1357:"Merry times: Michaelmas feast"
1300:Reinhart, Peter (16 May 2017).
1013:. Newadvent.org. 1 October 1911
901:. Philip's. 2008. p. 511.
1531:Christ Episcopal Church Eureka
928:, Boydell Press, p. 105,
769:lies in the Old Testament and
393:Scottish Gaelic pronunciation:
1:
1603:The Courts Service of Ireland
1483:, Church Hymnal Corp., 1988,
1452:. Urielsg.org. Archived from
1079:Rob Taylor (7 October 2010).
557:ancient Scottish universities
1605:. 8 May 2017. Archived from
1384:Butler's Lives of the saints
1333:. Oxford, UK. Archived from
814:"St. Michael and All Angels"
661:Mifflin County, Pennsylvania
1563:"Innerview Michaelmas Term"
1394:, Christian Classics, 1981
713:, even as far north as the
575:of the English Bar and the
516:Autumn term in universities
397:[ËsÌȘtÌȘÉŸu.anËviËçal]
53:Saint Michael the Archangel
32:Michaelmas (disambiguation)
1953:
1415:Libreria Editrice Vaticana
1270:Goldman, Marcy (c. 2014).
983:"Definition of Michaelmas"
961:"Michael & All Angels"
519:
402:St. Michael's bannock
255:Because it falls near the
29:
1852:. London: Pan (Piccolo).
1450:"St. Uriel the Archangel"
1430:. Trinity Lutheran Church
46:
1777:"Summons to Common Hall"
1502:"Michael and All Angels"
512:4:1 and 2 Esdras 5:20).
181:of some traditions, the
1081:"Michaelmas Traditions"
987:www.merriam-webster.com
863:Oxford University Press
859:The Oxford Book of Days
846:. Cassell. p. 290.
686:Lewistown, Pennsylvania
567:Use by legal profession
156:Feast of the Archangels
1902:Michael and All Angels
1779:. liverycompanies.info
611:
387:
319:
263:with the beginning of
230:Holy Day of Obligation
209:
1927:September observances
1850:Festivals and Customs
1504:. Justus.anglican.org
899:Philip's Encyclopedia
669:Pennsylvania Dutchman
607:
504:12:15) and sometimes
470:Roman Catholic Church
200:
1878:at Wikimedia Commons
1848:Morrell, P. (1977).
1386:, vol. 1, edited by
1246:"Michaelmas Bannock"
1209:Mahon, BrĂd (1998).
1087:on 30 September 2015
650:Lord Mayor of London
480:, as well as in the
217:(Christ's Mass) and
179:Christian angelology
168:liturgical calendars
150:; also known as the
30:For other uses, see
1932:Michael (archangel)
1827:. 23 September 2018
1670:saints-feast-family
1411:Calendarium Romanum
1282:on 22 February 2014
1035:, 2nd ed. 1991:354.
963:. Exciting Holiness
844:The Anglican Church
840:Donald Spence Jones
652:is elected, in the
346:) also known as an
261:northern hemisphere
1693:. Catholic Culture
1572:. pp. 26â27.
1540:on 4 October 2008.
1031:George C. Homans,
820:on 1 February 2023
742:Scottish term days
692:Old Michaelmas Day
620:Philip Melanchthon
612:
600:Modern observances
594:U.S. Supreme Court
406:Michaelmas bannock
210:
76:Anglican Communion
27:Christian festival
1874:Media related to
1489:978-0-89869-214-3
1192:978-0-19-860398-6
1155:on 3 October 2012
908:978-0-540-09451-6
379:Queen Elizabeth I
320:FĂłmhar na nGĂ©anna
183:Archangel Michael
102:
101:
71:Lutheran churches
16:(Redirected from
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1801:. 25 August 2021
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732:Michaelmas daisy
555:. However, the
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388:Sruthan MhĂŹcheil
360:St. Patrick
238:George C. Homans
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59:Observed by
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865:. p. 392.
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522:Michaelmas term
518:
496:(Daniel 9:21),
492:(Jude 1:9) and
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1864:External links
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1768:
1754:
1729:
1704:
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1609:on 7 June 2017
1590:
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1470:
1456:on 12 May 2008
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1937:Quarter days
1917:Saints' days
1849:
1831:29 September
1829:. Retrieved
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1805:29 September
1803:. Retrieved
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1783:27 September
1781:. Retrieved
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1695:. Retrieved
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1607:the original
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1581:. Retrieved
1570:Inner Temple
1569:
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1535:the original
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1508:29 September
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1365:. Oxford, UK
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1335:the original
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1280:the original
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1255:29 September
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1159:28 September
1157:. Retrieved
1153:the original
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1122:. Retrieved
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1091:29 September
1089:. Retrieved
1085:the original
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1017:29 September
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990:. Retrieved
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818:the original
761:
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486:Episcopalian
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280:quarter days
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1747:5 September
1742:hymnary.org
1722:5 September
1717:hymnary.org
654:Common Hall
338:known as a
295:Celebration
226:Middle Ages
224:During the
1911:Categories
1876:Michaelmas
1651:8 November
1369:15 October
773:is in the
771:Revelation
748:References
681:Harrisburg
305:procession
234:husbandman
206:manuscript
105:Michaelmas
1620:Also here
1467:Also here
1350:Also here
1295:Also here
797:Citations
787:Apocrypha
707:Yorkshire
677:Lancaster
633:schools.
624:Old 100th
616:Blue Mass
609:Blue Mass
561:Martinmas
541:Lancaster
533:Cambridge
372:Blacklion
236:'s year,
219:Candlemas
215:Christmas
164:Christian
158:, or the
95:Frequency
18:Michelmas
1825:pennlive
1642:archived
1613:30 March
1574:Archived
1491:. p. 380
1341:27 March
1306:wbtv.com
1231:39935389
1148:BBC News
1145:. Food.
842:(1898).
783:2 Esdras
737:Mehregan
721:See also
587:Red Mass
510:2 Esdras
482:Anglican
478:Lutheran
352:rucklety
941:11 July
644:In the
631:Waldorf
549:Swansea
498:Raphael
494:Gabriel
490:Michael
476:In the
468:In the
410:Struans
348:embling
324:Tramore
299:On the
269:English
257:equinox
248:of the
242:bailiff
193:History
177:In the
162:) is a
147:-Él-mÉs
1856:
1487:
1434:20 May
1398:
1286:13 May
1229:
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767:Daniel
639:Easter
626:hymn.
553:Dublin
551:, and
545:Oxford
537:Durham
364:Ulster
309:asters
275:, and
265:autumn
154:, the
98:Annual
1645:(PDF)
1638:(PDF)
1577:(PDF)
1566:(PDF)
1538:(PDF)
1527:(PDF)
824:4 May
779:Tobit
753:Notes
506:Uriel
502:Tobit
404:, or
336:goose
316:Irish
284:reeve
277:Irish
273:Welsh
250:manor
246:reeve
1854:ISBN
1833:2021
1807:2021
1785:2016
1749:2021
1724:2021
1699:2015
1677:2020
1653:2010
1615:2018
1585:2020
1510:2015
1485:ISBN
1462:2015
1436:2023
1396:ISBN
1390:and
1371:2022
1343:2014
1310:WBTV
1288:2015
1257:2015
1227:OCLC
1217:ISBN
1187:ISBN
1161:2017
1126:2020
1093:2015
1061:2015
1019:2015
994:2020
969:2024
943:2010
930:ISBN
903:ISBN
867:ISBN
826:2023
781:and
571:The
528:term
425:pĂșca
330:Food
85:Date
659:In
400:),
350:or
244:or
145:MIK
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