1145:
607:
937:
2128:
387:
1274:
1137:
47:
426:
949:
220:
726:
1682:(Bradford, September 1873), pp. 222-225. From p. 223: "The "ohm," as represented by the original standard coil, is approximately 10 C.G.S. units of resistance; the "volt" is approximately 10 C.G.S. units of electromotive force; and the "farad" is approximately 1/10 of the C.G.S. unit of capacity."
875:, excited by microwave signals between 10 and 80 GHz (depending on the array design). Empirically, several experiments have shown that the method is independent of device design, material, measurement setup, etc., and no correction terms are required in a practical implementation.
602:{\displaystyle {\text{V}}={\frac {\text{potential energy}}{\text{charge}}}={\frac {\text{J}}{\text{C}}}={\frac {{\text{kg}}{\cdot }{\text{m}}^{2}{\cdot }{\text{s}}^{-2}}{{\text{A}}{\cdot }{\text{s}}}}={\text{kg}}{\cdot }{\text{m}}^{2}{\cdot }{\text{s}}^{-3}{\cdot }{{\text{A}}^{-1}}.}
382:{\displaystyle {\text{V}}={\frac {\text{power}}{\text{electric current}}}={\frac {\text{W}}{\text{A}}}={\frac {{\text{kg}}{\cdot }{\text{m}}^{2}{\cdot }{\text{s}}^{-3}}{\text{A}}}={\text{kg}}{\cdot }{\text{m}}^{2}{\cdot }{\text{s}}^{-3}{\cdot }{{\text{A}}^{-1}}.}
638:
968:). Cells can be combined in series for multiples of that voltage, or additional circuitry added to adjust the voltage to a different level. Mechanical generators can usually be constructed to any voltage in a range of feasibility.
1213:
of voltage, the cgs system at the time being the customary system of units in science. They chose such a ratio because the cgs unit of voltage is inconveniently small and one volt in this definition is approximately the emf of a
1204:
coined the name "volt" for the unit of resistance. By 1873, the
British Association for the Advancement of Science had defined the volt, ohm, and farad. In 1881, the International Electrical Congress, now the
1064:
systems are 2.1 volts per cell; a "12 V" battery is 6 cells, or 12.6 V; a "24 V" battery is 12 cells, or 25.2 V. Some antique vehicles use "6 V" 3-cell batteries, or 6.3 volts.
1520:
are independent of device design, material, measurement setup, etc. This demonstration of universality is consistent with the exactness of the relations, but does not prove it outright.
1218:, the standard source of voltage in the telegraph systems of the day. At that time, the volt was defined as the potential difference across a conductor when a current of one
1637:
As names for units of various electrical quantities, Bright and Clark suggested "ohma" for voltage, "farad" for charge, "galvat" for current, and "volt" for resistance. See:
1398:
1210:
721:{\displaystyle {\text{V}}={\text{A}}{\cdot }\Omega ={\frac {\text{Wb}}{\text{s}}}={\frac {\text{W}}{\text{A}}}={\frac {\text{J}}{\text{C}}}={\frac {\text{eV}}{e}}.}
1444:
2103:
777:
1144:
1206:
1592:
1293:
1107:
1096:
624:
per second (magnetic flux per time), watts per ampere (power per current), or joules per coulomb (energy per charge), which is also equivalent to
1733:
2157:
1033:
1758:
1334:
1550:
1819:
1760:
Draft
Resolution A "On the revision of the International System of units (SI)" to be submitted to the CGPM at its 26th meeting (2018)
985:
2009:
1111:
1103:
1371:
1039:
2113:
1016:
69:
917:
1574:
1506:
Theoretically, there are no current predictions for any correction terms. Empirically, several experiments have shown that
1828:
1288:
736:
163:
1072:
766:
1118:
989:
1491:
760:
51:
1792:
2162:
2152:
1298:
905:
would be a reduced diameter somewhere in the piping or something akin to a radiator offering resistance to flow.
2067:
1157:
871:
This standard is typically realized using a series-connected array of several thousand or tens of thousands of
1004:
1692:
2108:
1652:
1309:
1255:
1029:
834:
1812:
1358:
1201:
1149:
792:
31:
788:. Though the Josephson effect is still used to realize a volt, the constant used has changed slightly.
1675:
1459:
1402:
1197:
957:
179:
1676:"First report of the Committee for the Selection and Nomenclature of Dynamical and Electrical Units"
1188:. Volta had determined that the most effective pair of dissimilar metals to produce electricity was
2093:
1767:
1641:
1240:
872:
159:
88:
1121:
lines: 110 kV and up (1.15 MV is the record; the highest active voltage is 1.10 MV)
1483:
1426:
1338:
1061:
751:
becomes capitalised at the beginning of a sentence and in titles but is otherwise in lower case.
175:
147:
84:
833:= 0.4835979 GHz/ÎĽV was used for the purpose of defining the volt. As a consequence of the
2131:
2017:
1805:
1546:
1475:
1418:
1259:
1209:(IEC), approved the volt as the unit for electromotive force. They made the volt equal to 10
1168:
In 1800, as the result of a professional disagreement over the galvanic response advocated by
1068:
1055:
978:
885:
815:
629:
1251:
and international ampere until the entire set of "reproducible units" was abandoned in 1948.
1646:
Report of the Thirty-first
Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science
1467:
1410:
1247:. This definition was abandoned in 1908 in favor of a definition based on the international
1185:
1181:
1173:
1000:
996:
961:
898:
785:
781:
732:
183:
106:
1884:
1385:
Burroughs, Charles J.; Bent, Samuel P.; Harvey, Todd E.; Hamilton, Clark A. (1999-06-01),
823:
195:
889:, sometimes used to explain electric circuits by comparing them with water-filled pipes,
1463:
1406:
2037:
1969:
1153:
936:
1531:
Bullock, Orkand, and
Grinnell, pp. 150–151; Junge, pp. 89–90; Schmidt-Nielsen, p. 484.
2146:
2098:
2022:
1959:
1949:
1648:(Manchester, England: September 1861), section: Mathematics and Physics, pp. 37-38.
1487:
1471:
1303:
1279:
1169:
1161:
1089:
965:
392:
Equivalently, it is the potential difference between two points that will impart one
1714:
1680:
Report of the 43rd
Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science
1430:
2042:
1999:
1984:
1939:
1919:
1836:
1620:
1215:
1177:
743:
letter (V), but when written in full, it follows the rules for capitalisation of a
625:
621:
113:
1568:"Single-cell Battery Discharge Characteristics Using the TPS61070 Boost Converter"
913:
617:
404:
of charge that passes through it. It can be expressed in terms of SI base units (
1914:
1869:
1136:
1010:
744:
1567:
908:
The relationship between voltage and current is defined (in ohmic devices like
1722:. National Bureau of Standards Monograph #84. US National Bureau of Standards.
1269:
1244:
1092:
941:
740:
1479:
1422:
1979:
1894:
1314:
1273:
1124:
925:
46:
1859:
909:
902:
894:
409:
203:
118:
17:
1013:: 1.2 V, 1.5 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, 5.0 V
2047:
2032:
1974:
1904:
1899:
1849:
948:
890:
401:
155:
151:
1414:
2062:
1964:
1874:
1854:
1844:
1642:"On the formation of standards of electrical quantity and resistance"
1219:
1193:
1025:
975:
893:(difference in electric potential) is likened to difference in water
417:
413:
397:
211:
207:
198:
between those points. It can be expressed in terms of SI base units (
187:
130:
126:
1716:
Standard Cells: Their
Construction, Maintenance, and Characteristics
1386:
2077:
2072:
2057:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1909:
1864:
1143:
1135:
1073:
List of countries with mains power plugs, voltages and frequencies
947:
935:
405:
393:
199:
122:
2052:
1994:
1593:"World's Biggest Ultra-High Voltage Line Powers Up Across China"
1223:
1189:
1043:
921:
191:
55:
1801:
1545:(3. ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 689.
2027:
1954:
1944:
1248:
1049:
613:
784:
for exact frequency-to-voltage conversion, combined with the
1372:"Resolutions of the CGPM: 18th meeting (12–15 October 1987)"
1797:
74:
837:, as of 2019 the Josephson constant has an exact value of
944:
can be used to measure the voltage between two positions.
1651:
Latimer Clark and Sir
Charles Bright (November 9, 1861)
780:
and in use from 1990 to 2019, was implemented using the
1653:"Measurement of electrical quantities and resistance"
1164:(center) during the International Electrical Congress
641:
429:
223:
2086:
2008:
1883:
1835:
1387:"1 Volt DC Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard"
901:is proportional to the amount of water flowing. A
739:unit named for a person, its symbol starts with an
112:
102:
94:
80:
68:
63:
39:
1591:
1445:"Current status of the quantum metrology triangle"
720:
601:
381:
1399:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
964:is determined by the chemistry of that cell (see
1229:The "international volt" was defined in 1893 as
1084:230 V in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia
1391:IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
1813:
8:
1640:Latimer Clark and Sir Charles Bright (1861)
2104:Historical definitions of the SI base units
1820:
1806:
1798:
778:General Conference on Weights and Measures
612:It can also be expressed as amperes times
36:
1207:International Electrotechnical Commission
1152:, his wife (seated) and academic friends
705:
692:
679:
666:
655:
650:
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586:
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579:
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554:
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543:
537:
532:
521:
516:
511:
500:
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489:
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451:
438:
430:
428:
366:
361:
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328:
323:
317:
312:
294:
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283:
277:
272:
266:
261:
258:
245:
232:
224:
222:
861:, which replaced the conventional value
1541:Horowitz, Paul; Winfield, Hill (2015).
1326:
1108:List of railway electrification systems
1102:High-speed train overhead power lines:
1097:List of railway electrification systems
1032:rechargeable battery: 3.75 V (see
1335:"SI Brochure, Table 3 (Section 2.2.2)"
1258:, including defining the value of the
1034:Comparison of commercial battery types
971:Nominal voltages of familiar sources:
1734:"Revised Values for Electrical Units"
1713:Hamer, Walter J. (January 15, 1965).
995:Single-cell, non-rechargeable (e.g.,
920:, as both are linear models relating
7:
1184:, which produced a steady electric
1580:from the original on Oct 15, 2023.
1127:: a maximum of around 150 MV.
660:
164:International System of Units (SI)
25:
1621:"Lightning – High-Voltage Nature"
1566:SK Loo; Keith Keller (Aug 2004).
1007:: 1.56 V if fresh and unused
966:Galvanic cell § Cell voltage
2127:
2126:
1793:History of the electrical units.
1272:
1022:rechargeable battery: 3.3 V
916:. Ohm's Law is analogous to the
45:
2114:System of units of measurement
1674:Sir W. Thomson, et al. (1873)
1443:Keller, Mark W. (2008-01-18),
1262:, took effect on 20 May 2019.
776:, defined in 1987 by the 18th
1:
2158:Units of electrical potential
1691:(Anon.) (September 24, 1881)
1310:Standardised railway voltages
1289:Orders of magnitude (voltage)
956:The voltage produced by each
928:in their respective systems.
755:Josephson junction definition
152:electric potential difference
1619:Paul H. Risk (26 Jun 2013).
1359:BIPM SI Brochure: Appendix 1
1337:. BIPM. 2006. Archived from
1081:120 V in North America,
1046:(TTL) power supply: 5 V
56:National Bureau of Standards
1119:electric power transmission
1040:Transistor–transistor logic
952:1.5 V C-cell batteries
616:(current times resistance,
174:One volt is defined as the
2179:
1472:10.1088/0026-1394/45/1/014
984:Single-cell, rechargeable
826:), a "conventional" value
786:caesium frequency standard
761:Josephson voltage standard
758:
52:Josephson voltage standard
29:
27:SI derived unit of voltage
2122:
1747:(12): 441. December 1947.
1693:"The Electrical Congress"
1299:SI electromagnetism units
918:Hagen–Poiseuille equation
44:
2068:minute and second of arc
1741:Bell Laboratories Record
1176:developed the so-called
1158:Thomas Corwin Mendenhall
1112:25 kV at 60 Hz
1104:25 kV at 50 Hz
731:The volt is named after
178:between two points of a
2109:2019 revision of the SI
1256:2019 revision of the SI
835:2019 revision of the SI
1543:The Art of Electronics
1180:, a forerunner of the
1165:
1141:
1095:: 600–750 V (see
997:AAA, AA, C and D cells
953:
945:
722:
603:
383:
54:chip developed by the
1573:. Texas Instruments.
1294:Rail traction voltage
1147:
1139:
951:
939:
723:
604:
384:
32:Volt (disambiguation)
2010:Other accepted units
1148:Group photograph of
1078:100 V in Japan,
1011:Logic voltage levels
958:electrochemical cell
639:
427:
221:
30:For other uses, see
2094:Conversion of units
1464:2008Metro..45..102K
1407:1999ITAS....9.4145B
1401:(IEEE): 4145–4149,
1005:zinc–carbon battery
992:battery: 1.2 V
160:electromotive force
89:electromotive force
64:General information
1887:with special names
1166:
1142:
1062:Automobile battery
954:
946:
886:water-flow analogy
879:Water-flow analogy
793:Josephson constant
765:Historically the "
718:
599:
379:
176:electric potential
148:electric potential
85:electric potential
58:as a standard volt
2140:
2139:
2018:astronomical unit
1415:10.1109/77.783938
1306:for unit prefixes
1260:elementary charge
1150:Hermann Helmholtz
1069:mains electricity
979:resting potential
816:elementary charge
713:
709:
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696:
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630:elementary charge
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239:
236:
227:
146:) is the unit of
136:
135:
16:(Redirected from
2170:
2163:Alessandro Volta
2153:SI derived units
2130:
2129:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1799:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1766:, archived from
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1704:
1689:
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1663:(1) : 3–4.
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1605:
1600:. 1 January 2019
1595:
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1552:978-0-521-809269
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1503:
1502:
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1490:, archived from
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1349:
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1237:
1233:
1174:Alessandro Volta
1140:Alessandro Volta
1001:alkaline battery
932:Common voltages
860:
858:
855:
851:
845:
782:Josephson effect
735:. As with every
733:Alessandro Volta
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2099:Metric prefixes
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2004:
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1268:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1222:dissipates one
1134:
1114:for exceptions.
1030:lithium polymer
1020:
934:
881:
867:
856:
853:
849:
847:
844:
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832:
824:Planck constant
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180:conducting wire
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1885:Derived units
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1787:External links
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1264:
1202:Charles Bright
1154:Hugo Kronecker
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1128:
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1115:
1106:, but see the
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1018:
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1008:
1003:: 1.5 V;
993:
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877:
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859:... GHz/V
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759:Main article:
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2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2038:degree of arc
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1773:on 2018-04-29
1769:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1718:
1717:
1709:
1706:
1703: : 297.
1702:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1612:
1599:
1594:
1587:
1584:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1497:on 2010-05-27
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1341:on 2007-06-18
1340:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1280:Energy portal
1275:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1198:Latimer Clark
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:Luigi Galvani
1163:
1162:Henry Villard
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1138:
1131:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:High-voltage
1116:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1090:Rapid transit
1088:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1052:: 5 V DC
1051:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
987:
983:
981:: ~75 mV
980:
977:
974:
973:
972:
969:
967:
963:
959:
950:
943:
938:
931:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
887:
878:
876:
874:
869:
864:
841:
836:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
798:
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
772:
768:
762:
754:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
715:
710:
702:
689:
676:
663:
656:
647:
635:
634:
633:
631:
627:
626:electronvolts
623:
619:
615:
596:
590:
587:
575:
569:
566:
555:
549:
538:
529:
517:
504:
501:
490:
484:
473:
461:
448:
435:
423:
422:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
376:
370:
367:
355:
349:
346:
335:
329:
318:
309:
298:
295:
284:
278:
267:
255:
242:
229:
217:
216:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
169:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
132:
128:
124:
120:
117:
115:
114:SI base units
111:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
71:
67:
62:
57:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2043:electronvolt
1989:
1775:, retrieved
1768:the original
1759:
1753:
1744:
1740:
1728:
1715:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1679:
1670:
1660:
1656:
1645:
1633:
1624:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1597:
1586:
1561:
1542:
1536:
1527:
1514:
1507:
1505:
1499:, retrieved
1492:the original
1455:
1451:
1438:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1366:
1354:
1343:. Retrieved
1339:the original
1329:
1253:
1228:
1216:Daniell cell
1196:. In 1861,
1178:voltaic pile
1167:
970:
955:
907:
884:
882:
870:
862:
839:
827:
819:
811:
807:
803:
796:
790:
770:
767:conventional
764:
748:
730:
611:
391:
173:
143:
139:
137:
81:Unit of
1056:PP3 battery
745:common noun
103:Named after
70:Unit system
2147:Categories
1837:Base units
1777:2018-11-02
1501:2010-04-11
1452:Metrologia
1345:2007-07-29
1322:References
1245:Clark cell
1226:of power.
1093:third rail
1067:Household
1058:: 9 V
976:Nerve cell
942:multimeter
741:upper case
170:Definition
1980:steradian
1895:becquerel
1604:7 January
1598:Bloomberg
1488:122008182
1480:0026-1394
1423:1051-8223
1361:, p. 144.
1315:Voltmeter
1304:SI prefix
1211:cgs units
1160:(right),
1125:Lightning
1071:AC: (see
926:potential
914:Ohm's law
910:resistors
873:junctions
661:Ω
657:⋅
618:Ohm's law
588:−
576:⋅
567:−
556:⋅
539:⋅
518:⋅
502:−
491:⋅
474:⋅
368:−
356:⋅
347:−
336:⋅
319:⋅
296:−
285:⋅
268:⋅
142:(symbol:
18:Microvolt
2132:Category
2087:See also
1860:kilogram
1829:SI units
1575:Archived
1431:12970127
1266:See also
1200:and Sir
1156:(left),
903:resistor
897:, while
895:pressure
791:For the
769:" volt,
747:; i.e.,
182:when an
2048:hectare
2033:decibel
1975:sievert
1970:siemens
1900:coulomb
1850:candela
1460:Bibcode
1403:Bibcode
1239:of the
1234:⁄
1186:current
1182:battery
1132:History
1028:-based
962:battery
899:current
891:voltage
883:In the
822:is the
814:is the
810:(where
402:coulomb
186:of one
162:in the
158:), and
156:voltage
2063:minute
2023:dalton
1965:radian
1960:pascal
1950:newton
1875:second
1855:kelvin
1845:ampere
1625:RiskVA
1549:
1486:
1478:
1429:
1421:
1220:ampere
1194:silver
1026:Cobalt
1017:LiFePO
622:webers
444:charge
416:, and
398:energy
210:, and
188:ampere
95:Symbol
2078:tonne
2073:neper
2058:litre
2000:weber
1985:tesla
1940:lumen
1935:katal
1930:joule
1925:hertz
1920:henry
1910:farad
1865:metre
1771:(PDF)
1764:(PDF)
1737:(PDF)
1720:(PDF)
1578:(PDF)
1571:(PDF)
1495:(PDF)
1484:S2CID
1448:(PDF)
1427:S2CID
1397:(3),
1243:of a
1236:1.434
960:in a
912:) by
420:) as
394:joule
235:power
214:) as
196:power
2053:hour
1995:watt
1990:volt
1915:gray
1870:mole
1606:2020
1547:ISBN
1513:and
1476:ISSN
1419:ISSN
1224:watt
1192:and
1190:zinc
1110:and
1044:CMOS
990:NiCd
986:NiMH
924:and
922:flux
866:J-90
852:.848
831:J-90
818:and
749:volt
628:per
614:ohms
400:per
192:watt
140:volt
138:The
40:volt
2028:day
1955:ohm
1945:lux
1745:XXV
1468:doi
1411:doi
1249:ohm
1241:emf
1050:USB
999:):
988:or
854:416
850:597
848:483
802:= 2
620:),
396:of
194:of
2149::
1743:.
1739:.
1699:,
1695:,
1678:,
1659:,
1655:,
1644:,
1623:.
1596:.
1504:,
1482:,
1474:,
1466:,
1456:45
1454:,
1450:,
1425:,
1417:,
1409:,
1393:,
1389:,
1254:A
1172:,
1075:)
940:A
868:.
857:98
846:=
795:,
774:90
737:SI
708:eV
669:Wb
632::
534:kg
469:kg
412:,
410:kg
408:,
314:kg
263:kg
206:,
204:kg
202:,
166:.
150:,
119:kg
87:,
75:SI
1821:e
1814:t
1807:v
1701:7
1661:1
1627:.
1608:.
1555:.
1518:K
1515:R
1511:J
1508:K
1470::
1462::
1413::
1405::
1395:9
1374:.
1348:.
1232:1
1099:)
1042:/
1036:)
1019:4
863:K
843:J
840:K
828:K
820:h
812:e
808:h
806:/
804:e
800:J
797:K
771:V
716:.
711:e
703:=
698:C
695:J
690:=
685:A
682:W
677:=
672:s
664:=
652:A
648:=
644:V
597:.
591:1
583:A
570:3
562:s
550:2
545:m
530:=
523:s
513:A
505:2
497:s
485:2
480:m
462:=
457:C
454:J
449:=
436:=
432:V
418:A
414:s
406:m
377:.
371:1
363:A
350:3
342:s
330:2
325:m
310:=
305:A
299:3
291:s
279:2
274:m
256:=
251:A
248:W
243:=
230:=
226:V
212:A
208:s
200:m
154:(
144:V
131:A
129:â‹…
127:s
125:â‹…
123:m
121:â‹…
98:V
34:.
20:)
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