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546:. Miltiades later claimed that he had tried to convince the other officers to destroy the bridge and leave Darius and his forces to die, but the others were afraid, and Darius was able to recross, though some historians are skeptical of this claim. When the king heard of the planned sabotage, Miltiades' rule became a perilous affair and he had to flee around 511/510 BC. Miltiades joined the
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602:. He also promoted the fact that he had been a first-hand witness to Persian tactics, which was useful knowledge considering the Persians were bent on destroying the city. Thus, Miltiades escaped punishment and was allowed to rejoin his old countrymen. It was by Miltiades' advice that the Persian heralds who came to Athens to demand
733:
One theory for the Greek success in the battle is the lack of
Persian cavalry. The theory is that the Persian cavalry left Marathon for an unspecified reason, and that the Greeks moved to take advantage of this by attacking. This theory is based on the absence of any mention of cavalry in Herodotus'
659:
Miltiades, as the general with the most experience in fighting the
Persians to that point, was firm in insisting that the Persians be fought immediately, as a siege of Athens would lead to its destruction. He convinced Callimachus to use his decisive vote in favor of a swift attack. He is quoted as
489:
sent
Miltiades the Younger to claim his brother's lands. Stesagoras' reign had been tumultuous, full of revolts often led by the native Dolonci, who after the death of Miltiades the Elder were no longer inclined to serve under Greek rule,. Wishing to achieve stronger control over his lands than his
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The cavalry left. When Datis surrendered and was ready for retreat, the
Ionians climbed the trees and gave the Athenians the signal that the cavalry had left. And when Miltiades realized that, he attacked and thus won. From there comes the above-mentioned quote, which is used when someone breaks
781:, feeling he had been slighted by them in the past. The fleet attacked the island, which had been conquered by the Persians, but failed to take it. Miltiades suffered a grievous leg wound during the campaign and became incapacitated. His failure prompted an outcry on his return to
699:, to be arrayed to a depth of four ranks while the rest of the tribes, on their flanks, were arrayed in eight ranks. Miltiades also had his men march to the end of the Persian archer range, called the "beaten zone", then break out in a run straight at the Persian army.
484:
Miltiades the Elder was childless, so when he died around 520 BC, his nephew, Miltiades the
Younger's brother, Stesagoras, inherited the tyranny of the Chersonese. Four years later (516 BC), Stesagoras met his death by an axe to the head, so the tyrant
400:, Miltiades' father, was known as "Coalemos", meaning "simpleton", because he had a reputation for being rough around the edges, but whose three successive chariot-racing victories at the Olympics made him popular, so popular in fact that,
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The following year (489 BC), Miltiades led an
Athenian expedition of seventy ships against the Greek-inhabited islands that were deemed to have supported the Persians. The expedition was not a success. His true motivations were to attack
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brother had, Miltiades feigned mourning for his brother's death. When the men of rank from the
Chersonese came to console him, he imprisoned them. He then ensured his power by employing 500 troops. He also made an alliance with King
839:, the Athenians refused. Instead of writing his name they had him painted in the front rank, urging the soldiers. This Painting was then placed in the Stoa as one of four paintings depicting great battles, such a painting of The
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Upon his return to Athens, Miltiades would have returned to a city Much changed. Athens was no longer a
Tyranny, as the Athenians had overthrown the Peisistratids 15 years previously, Since then Athens had established
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In
Herodotus's account, Miltiades is keen to attack the Persians (despite knowing that the Spartans are coming to aid the Athenians), but strangely, chooses to wait until his actual day of command to attack.
510:
Coinage of
Miltiades in Thracian Chersonesos. Lion, head left, raising left forepaw, tail curled above. Head of Athena, wearing crested Attic helmet and earring, within incuse square. Circa 495-494 BC.
473:
under the protection of Athens. Meanwhile, despite alleged rumors that abounded that his father had been murdered by the city leaders, Miltiades the Younger rose through the ranks of Athens to become
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from the west. Miltiades got his men to quickly march to the western side of Attica overnight and block the two exits from the plain of Marathon, to prevent the Persians moving inland.
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The Ionian Revolt collapsed in 494 BC, and in 493 BC Miltiades and his family fled to Athens in five ships to escape a retaliatory Persian invasion.
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of 499 BC against Persian rule, returning to the Chersonese around 496 BC. He established friendly relations with Athens by capturing the islands of
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Debra Hamel (2012) "Reading Herodotus: A Guided Tour Through the Wild Boars, Dancing Suitors, and Crazy Tyrants of 'The History'" JHU Press, p.182
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Sara Forsdyke (2009) "Exile, Ostracism, and Democracy: The Politics of Expulsion in Ancient Greece" Princeton University Press p.123
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saying "I believe that, provided the Gods will give fair play and no favor, we are able to get the best of it in the engagement."
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994:. Strassler, Robert B., 1937-, Purvis, Andrea L. (First Anchor books ed.). New York: Anchor Books. p. 6.103.
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952:. Strassler, Robert B., 1937-, Purvis, Andrea L. (First Anchor books ed.). New York: Anchor Books. p. 6.35.
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and was put on trial. His trial was further complicated by the politics of his aristocratic rivals (he came from the
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identified as a portrait of Miltiades, via photogrammetric survey of a plaster cast of the Capitoline Museum's marble
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as the new form of governance. Thus, Miltiades initially faced a hostile reception for his tyrannical rule in the
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by Miltiades. Inscription on the helmet: ΜΙΛΤΙΑΔΕΣ ΑΝΕΕΚΕΝ ΟΙ ΔΙ ("Miltiades dedicates this helmet to Zeus").
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C.W.J.Elliot and Malcolm F. McGregor (1960) "Kleisthenes: Eponymous Archon 525/4 BC" Phoenix, Vol 14, No. 1
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Miltiades also convinced the other generals of the necessity of not using the customary tactics of using
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1178:(1963) "Notes on Miltiades' Capture of Lemnos" Classical Philology, Vol. 58, No. 3, pp.168-170
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These tactics were successful in defeating the Persians, who then tried to sail around the
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and Metiochos was made a lifelong prisoner, but was nonetheless treated honourably as a
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Miltiades is often credited with devising the tactics that defeated the Persians at the
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fled at the sight of the soldiers who had just defeated him the previous evening.
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Roman copy of Greek bust of Miltiades (original dating to 5th−4th century BC)
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638:) for 490 BC. In addition to the ten generals, there was one 'war-ruler' (
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The Greeks and The Persians: From the Sixth Century to the Fourth Century
1069:"Thracian Chersonese | Black Sea, Byzantium, Greek Colonies | Britannica"
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1341:"The Awe-Inspiring Helmet of Legendary Ancient Greek Warrior Miltiades"
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Miltiades was a well-born Athenian, and was accounted a member of the
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The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World: from Marathon to Waterloo
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writes that although Miltiades wanted his name to be written in the
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later erected in Miltiades' honour, in the temple of the goddess at
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and ceding them to Athens, which had ancient claims to these lands.
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One ship, carrying his son Metiochos, was captured by the Persian
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His family was prominent, due in good part to their success with
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Plutarch "Lives" William and Joseph Neal edition, (1836), p.338
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claims, the sons of Peisistratos murdered him out of jealousy.
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The Battle of Marathon, Source: United States Military Academy
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Miltiades was named after his father's maternal half-brother,
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632:. Miltiades was elected to serve as one of the ten generals (
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343:, as well as for his downfall afterwards. He was the son of
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In most territories, Achaemenid rulers were succeeded by
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793:. He was sent to prison where he died, probably of
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27:
Greek Athenian statesman and general (c.550–489 BC)
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1621:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). pp. 479–480.
744:
570:Miltiades, Roman copy of 5th century original.
1930:
1641:
797:from his wound. The debt was paid by his son
429:figure of the 470s and 460s BC. His daughter
8:
3041:Military personnel of the Achaemenid Empire
1387:"Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon, section 186"
992:The landmark Herodotus : the histories
950:The landmark Herodotus : the histories
734:account of the battle, and an entry in the
606:as tokens of submission were put to death.
469:), setting himself up as a semi-autonomous
1937:
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656:, or wait to fight them closer to Athens.
477:under the rule of the Peisistratid tyrant
433:is remembered for her confrontations with
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36:
590:clan, traditional rivals of the powerful
339:citizen known mostly for his role in the
1147:Oxford Classical Dictionary (Second ed.)
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457:Around 555 BC, Miltiades the Elder left
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742:("without cavalry") is explained thus:
706:Miltiades fighting the Persians at the
370:, as well as a member of the prominent
1406:"Literary and Epigraphical Testimonia"
542:, which Darius had used to cross into
538:officers to guard a bridge across the
498:by marrying his daughter, Hegesipyle.
1540:The Landmark Herodotus: The Histories
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7:
1339:Chrysopoulos, Philip (2 June 2020).
1151:. Oxford University Press. pp.
3016:Athenians of the Greco-Persian Wars
824:to the Persians' expected victory.
1549:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969.
328:; c. 550 – 489 BC), also known as
25:
1107:. Mitchell Lane Publishers, Inc.
1101:Rice, Earle (15 September 2011).
667:arrayed in an evenly distributed
441:Tyrant of the Thracian Chersonese
1605:by Jona Lendering, at livius.org
770:Archaeological Museum of Olympia
374:clan. He came of age during the
358:, the noted Athenian statesman.
276:
247:First Persian invasion of Greece
1609:Mitchell, John Malcolm (1911).
1598:Photo essay of Miltiades helmet
1132:. London: Penguin. p. 160.
887:member of the Persian nobility.
695:and the Antiochis tribe led by
687:of the Persians attacking the
1:
1130:The Pelican History of Greece
461:to establish a colony on the
200:Statue of Nemesis by Pheidias
1579:Resources in other libraries
1485:Oxford Classical Dictionary
528:Darius' northern expedition
437:, as recorded by Plutarch.
411:, who was also a victor at
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1143:Hammond, N. G. L. (1970).
613:
534:, and was left with other
324:
32:Miltiades (disambiguation)
29:
3001:Ancient Athenian generals
2953:
2606:Queen Amoashtart (regent)
1953:
1664:
1574:Resources in your library
1404:Wycherley, R. E. (1957).
1117:– via Google Books.
265:
143:
122:
78:
63:
51:
46:
2996:5th-century BC Athenians
2991:6th-century BC Athenians
1205:Herodotus, lib vi, c.104
1196:Herodotus, lib vi. c. 41
1091:Herodotus, lib vi. c. 39
1049:Herodotus, lib vi. c. 38
858:Mētiokhos kai Parthenopē
3006:Ancient Thracian Greeks
1618:Encyclopædia Britannica
1522:Oxford University Press
1518:Oxford World's Classics
1490:Oxford University Press
1448:Creasy, Edward Shepherd
1223:Creasy (1880) pg. 11–20
683:. Miltiades feared the
526:rule. Miltiades joined
2544:Alexander I of Macedon
2090:
1104:The Battle of Marathon
773:
749:
738:dictionary. The entry
715:
625:
571:
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454:
3031:Ancient Greek tyrants
2201:Hellespontine Phrygia
2089:
2072:Darius III Codomannus
1759:Demetrius of Phalerum
1542:. Anchor Books, 2009.
1538:Strassler, Robert B.
1391:www.perseus.tufts.edu
1265:Creasy (1880) pg. 380
759:
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652:under the command of
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569:
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330:Miltiades the Younger
129:516 – 492 BC
85:524 – 523 BC
2807:Hydarnes the Younger
2539:Amyntas I of Macedon
2062:Artaxerxes III Ochus
2057:Artaxerxes II Mnemon
1958:- Achaemenid Kingdom
1591:Testa Virile Elmata,
1376:Creasy (1880) pg. 28
1364:Creasy (1880) pg. 27
1314:Creasy (1880) pg. 26
1277:Creasy (1880) pg. 23
1232:Creasy (1880) pg. 11
1187:Creasy (1880) pg. 10
1128:Burn, A. R. (1982).
747:ranks before battle.
451:Thracian Chersonesus
354:, and the father of
176:Hegesipyle of Thrace
30:For other uses, see
2957:Hellenistic satraps
2855:Other known satraps
2310:Greek Governors of
2077:Artaxerxes V Bessus
2067:Artaxerxes IV Arses
1545:Bengtson, Hermann.
1488:(Second ed.).
990:Herodotus. (2009).
948:Herodotus. (2009).
752:Expedition at Paros
584:Thracian Chersonese
467:Gallipoli Peninsula
463:Thracian Chersonese
409:Miltiades the Elder
166:489 BC (aged 60-61)
3026:Battle of Marathon
2963:from around 330 BC
2961:Hellenistic rulers
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1410:The Athenian Agora
1073:www.britannica.com
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716:
708:Battle of Marathon
630:Battle of Marathon
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616:Battle of Marathon
610:Battle of Marathon
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514:In around 513 BC,
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455:
453:. Wikimedia Upload
341:Battle of Marathon
252:Battle of Marathon
3011:Achaemenid Thrace
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2157:Cyrus the Younger
1968:Achaemenid Empire
1947:Achaemenid Empire
1912:
1911:
1612:"Miltiades"
1560:Library resources
1244:Herodotus vi.109.
1040:Hamel (2012) ibid
907:Battle of Leuctra
325:Μιλτιάδης Κίμωνος
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237:Scythian campaign
47:Μιλτιάδης Κίμονος
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1115:
1100:
1099:
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1090:
1086:
1077:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1026:
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1017:
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989:
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984:
979:
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604:earth and water
564:
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364:
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261:
258:Battle of Paros
191:
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2697:
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2679:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2664:Abdashtart III
2662:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2642:Baalshillem II
2639:
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2623:
2618:
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2256:
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2236:
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2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
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2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
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2159:
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2149:
2144:
2142:Artaphernes II
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2648:
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2643:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2634:Baalshillem I
2632:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2611:Eshmunazar II
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
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380:Peisistratids
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369:
361:
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353:
352:chariot-racer
350:
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273:
264:
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242:Ionian Revolt
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50:
45:
38:
33:
19:
2920:Ariobarzanes
2890:Satibarzanes
2647:Abdashtart I
2629:Tetramnestos
2596:Eshmunazar I
2500:Artemisia II
2410:Teththiweibi
2356:Themistocles
2320:
2301:Ariarathes I
2254:Artabazus II
2249:Ariobarzanes
2239:Pharnaces II
2187:Spithridates
2162:Tissaphernes
2152:Tissaphernes
2037:Artaxerxes I
1989:
1982:
1975:
1874:Themistocles
1833:
1794:Eratosthenes
1714:Callistratus
1699:Aristogeiton
1616:
1590:
1589:3D model of
1564:
1546:
1539:
1512:
1484:
1456:. New York:
1452:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1344:
1334:
1327:
1319:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1261:
1249:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1176:J.A.S. Evans
1171:
1146:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1103:
1096:
1087:
1076:. Retrieved
1072:
1063:
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1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
991:
985:
976:
949:
943:
901:
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873:
856:
841:Sack of Troy
837:Stoa Poikile
831:
828:Stoa Poikile
808:
775:
745:
740:χωρὶς ἱππεῖς
739:
732:
720:Cape Sounion
717:
712:Stoa Poikile
693:Themistocles
662:
658:
639:
633:
627:
592:Alcmaeonidae
576:
573:
530:against the
513:
483:
456:
425:was a major
420:
406:
384:
365:
329:
271:
270:
230:Battles/wars
124:
103:Succeeded by
80:
2821:Satraps of
2792:Satraps of
2758:Satraps of
2724:Pherendates
2709:Satraps of
2657:Evagoras II
2520:Orontobates
2479:Lygdamis II
2385:Dynasts of
2361:Archeptolis
2351:Aristagoras
2336:Eurysthenes
2229:Artabazus I
2167:Tithraustes
2097:Satraps of
2017:Cambyses II
1956:Family tree
1884:Thrasybulus
1864:Pisistratus
1774:Demosthenes
1734:Cleisthenes
1724:Chremonides
1659:politicians
1350:1 September
722:and attack
681:Epaminondas
671:armed with
646:Callimachus
135:Preceded by
96:Cleisthenes
91:Preceded by
2975:Categories
2729:Achaemenes
2700:Orontes II
2695:Darius III
2616:Bodashtart
2564:Boulomenus
2490:Hecatomnus
2474:Pisindelis
2464:Lygdamis I
2437:Mithrapata
2428:Artembares
2371:Amyntas II
2312:Asia Minor
2291:Ariamnes I
2278:Cappadocia
2224:Oebares II
2209:Mitrobates
2147:Pissuthnes
2007:Cambyses I
1984:Ariaramnes
1977:Achaemenes
1904:Xanthippus
1889:Thucydides
1879:Theramenes
1814:Hypereides
1809:Hyperbolus
1764:Demochares
1704:Aristophon
1679:Alcibiades
1299:Herodotus
1286:Plutarch,
1253:Herodotus
1078:2024-06-12
917:References
210:Allegiance
139:Stesagoras
117:Chersonese
3036:Philaidae
2866:Abrocomas
2862:Megabyzus
2836:Camisares
2812:Atropates
2768:Hystaspes
2690:Orontes I
2685:Artasyrus
2621:Yatonmilk
2578:Azemilcus
2561:Mattan IV
2531:Macedonia
2529:Kings of
2515:Pixodarus
2469:Artemisia
2432:Artumpara
2376:Philiscus
2346:Histiaeus
2326:Demaratus
2321:Miltiades
2219:Megabates
2214:Megabazus
2172:Tiribazus
2052:Darius II
2047:Sogdianus
2042:Xerxes II
1899:Timotheus
1839:Moerocles
1834:Miltiades
1789:Ephialtes
1784:Echedemos
1719:Charmides
1694:Aristides
1684:Andocides
1674:Agyrrhius
1669:Aeschines
1603:Miltiades
1565:Miltiades
1513:Histories
1508:Herodotus
1430:1558-8610
1288:Aristides
1010:264043716
968:264043716
833:Aeschines
710:, in the
697:Aristides
641:polemarch
635:strategoi
600:despotism
580:democracy
532:Scythians
465:(now the
402:Herodotus
272:Miltiades
224:strategos
192:Metiochus
125:In office
107:Calliades
81:In office
41:Miltiades
18:Militades
2930:Abulites
2884:Hyrcania
2802:Hydarnes
2778:Masistes
2719:Aryandes
2573:Evagoras
2495:Mausolus
2486:(satrap)
2407:Harpagus
2398:Kybernis
2366:Aridolis
2331:Gongylos
2177:Struthas
2117:Harpagus
2032:Xerxes I
1894:Timoleon
1854:Philinus
1849:Pericles
1829:Lysicles
1824:Lycurgus
1769:Democles
1739:Cleophon
1709:Autocles
1689:Archinus
1510:(1998).
1450:(1880).
1326:, entry
884:de facto
851:See also
822:memorial
810:Pheidias
795:gangrene
665:hoplites
650:Marathon
596:freedoms
516:Darius I
435:Pericles
431:Elpinice
427:Athenian
394:Plutarch
368:Aeacidae
337:Athenian
332:, was a
189:Elpinice
181:Children
2944:Babylon
2940:Mazaeus
2934:Susiana
2914:Parthia
2900:Atizyes
2870:Belesys
2846:Arsames
2841:Mazaeus
2823:Cilicia
2773:Dadarsi
2760:Bactria
2749:Mazaces
2744:Sabaces
2734:Arsames
2677:Armenia
2673:Satraps
2568:Abdemon
2505:Idrieus
2484:Adusius
2452:Dynasts
2442:Perikle
2424:Arbinas
2414:Kheriga
2403:Kuprlli
2394:Kheziga
2341:Prokles
2286:Datames
2274:Satraps
2264:Arsites
2197:Satraps
2127:Bagaeus
2122:Oroetus
2112:Mazares
2107:Tabalus
2022:Bardiya
2002:Cyrus I
1997:Teispes
1991:Arsames
1966:of the
1859:Phocion
1799:Eubulus
1754:Demades
1749:Critias
1458:Crowell
1441:Sources
1416:: iii.
1301:VI, 111
1255:VI, 110
905:At the
818:Nemesis
814:Rhamnus
791:talents
787:treason
766:Olympia
685:cavalry
673:shields
669:phalanx
588:Philaid
544:Scythia
524:Persian
487:Hippias
479:Hippias
449:Map of
413:Olympic
387:Olympic
378:of the
376:tyranny
372:Philaid
349:Olympic
2924:Persis
2783:Bessus
2652:Tennes
2625:Anysos
2601:Tabnit
2419:Kherei
2314:cities
2132:Otanes
1844:Nicias
1819:Laches
1804:Hagnon
1562:about
1528:
1496:
1464:
1428:
1159:
1111:
1008:
998:
966:
956:
805:Statue
783:Athens
724:Attica
689:flanks
677:spears
556:Imbros
552:Lemnos
540:Danube
520:vassal
496:Thrace
492:Olorus
471:tyrant
459:Athens
362:Family
214:Athens
197:Awards
173:Spouse
168:Athens
158:Athens
156:550 BC
113:Tyrant
73:Athens
2880:Ochus
2874:Syria
2794:Media
2711:Egypt
2638:Baana
2456:Caria
2387:Lycia
2099:Lydia
1869:Solon
1779:Draco
1744:Cleon
1729:Cimon
879:fleet
865:Notes
799:Cimon
779:Paros
728:Datis
654:Datis
536:Greek
423:Cimon
398:Cimon
356:Cimon
334:Greek
320:Greek
185:Cimon
2959:and
2894:Aria
1526:ISBN
1494:ISBN
1462:ISBN
1426:ISSN
1352:2020
1324:Suda
1157:ISBN
1109:ISBN
1006:OCLC
996:ISBN
964:OCLC
954:ISBN
736:Suda
675:and
554:and
220:Rank
163:Died
153:Born
2675:of
2510:Ada
2454:of
2276:of
2199:of
1418:doi
1290:, V
1153:688
764:at
644:),
522:of
494:of
392:.
115:of
71:of
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2868:,
2864:,
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1478:;
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322::
318:;
308:iː
296:aɪ
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281:m
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