535:
470:(MTIC), decided that the tribe's membership would be restricted to documented descendants from a single family group, ca. 1860. This criterion excludes some of the Hamilton followers. By law, a Federally recognized tribe has the authority to determine its own rules for membership. The MTIC unsuccessfully attempted to stop other Mohegan people from using "Mohegan" as their tribal identity, in public records and in craftwork.
793:
784:
775:
128:
450:
The petition process stalled when John
Hamilton died in 1988. The petition for federal recognition was revived in 1989, but the BIA's preliminary finding was that the Mohegan had not satisfied the criteria of documenting continuity in social community, and political authority and influence as a tribe
394:
The
Mohegan homelands in Connecticut include landmarks such as Trading Cove on the Thames River, Cochegan Rock, Fort Shantok, and Mohegan Hill, where the Mohegan founded a Congregational church in the early 1800s. In 1931, the Tantaquidgeon family built the Tantaquidgeon Indian Museum on Mohegan Hill
481:
That same year, Congress passed the
Mohegan Nation (Connecticut) Land Claim Settlement Act, which authorized the United States to take land into trust to establish a reservation for the Mohegan and settle their land claim. The final 1994 agreement between MTIC and the State in the settlement of land
565:
The
Mohegan people have always had extensive knowledge of local flora and fauna, of hunting and fishing technologies, of seasonal adaptations, and of herbal medicine, as practices passed down through the generations. Gladys Tantaquidgeon was instrumental in recording herbal medicinal knowledge and
489:
The
Mohegan people associated with Sachem John Hamilton persist as an independent group today. In his will, Hamilton named his non-Mohegan wife, Eleanor Fortin as Sachem. She is now the leader of the "Hamilton group." Despite their contentious histories and disagreements, both groups continued to
422:
In the 1960s, during a period of rising activism among Native
Americans, John Hamilton filed a number of land claims authorized by the "Council of Descendants of Mohegan Indians." The group had some 300 members at the time. In 1970 the Montville band of Mohegans expressed its dissatisfaction with
190:
were a unified tribal entity living in the southeastern
Connecticut region, but the Mohegan gradually became independent as the hegemonic Pequot lost control over their trading empire and tributary groups. The name Pequot was given to the Mohegan by other tribes throughout the northeast and was
490:
participate in tribal activities and to identify as members of the
Mohegan people. The Hamilton band of Mohegans continues to function and govern themselves independently of the MTIC, holding periodic gatherings and activities in their traditional territory of south-central Connecticut.
447:(BIA) established a formal administrative process. The process included specific criteria that BIA officials would judge as evidence of cultural continuity. In that same year, Hamilton's band submitted a petition for federal recognition for the Mohegan tribe.
300:
Over time, the
Mohegan gradually lost ownership of much of their tribal lands. In 1978, Chief Rolling Cloud Hamilton petitioned for federal recognition of the Mohegan. Descendants of his Mohegan band operate independently of the federally recognized nation.
473:
In its 1994 "Final
Determination", the BIA cited the vital statistics and genealogies as documents that were decisive in demonstrating "that the tribe did indeed have social and political continuity during the middle of the 20th century." As a result, the
643:. During the 1820s the majority of these people removed further west, eventually settling in Wisconsin, where today they constitute the Stockbridge Munsee Band of Mohican Indians. These removals inspired the myth of the "Last of the Mohicans."
778:
440:, property owners' organization, with some Native and non-Native members, worked to oppose the Hamilton land claims and the recognition petition for federal recognition, out of fear that tribal nations would take private properties.
454:
In 1990, the Mohegan band led by Chief Courtland Fowler submitted a detailed response to meet the BIA's concerns. The tribe included compiled genealogies and other records, including records pertaining to the Mohegan
304:
In 1994, a majority group of Mohegan gained federal recognition as the Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut (MTIC). They have been defined by the United States government as the "successor in interest to the
410:
In 1933, John E. Hamilton (Chief Rolling Cloud) was appointed as a Grand Sachem by his mother Alice Storey through a traditional selection process based on heredity. She was a direct descendant of
612:
in western Massachusetts. In the United States, both tribes have been referred to in various historic documents by the spelling "Mohican", based on mistakes in translation and location. But, the
620:, one of the first Europeans to record the names of both tribes, clearly distinguished between the "Morhicans" (now the Mohegans) and the "Mahicans, Mahikanders, Mohicans, Maikens".
799:.. The first she describes as a rough rocky recess in the region of Mohegan and known as "the chair of Uncas": Mazeen she calls the last of the royal line of the Mohegan nation.
1224:
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1972 Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3 (p. 69, 128)
436:
The group led by John Hamilton (although opposed by the Fowlers) worked with the attorney Jerome Griner in federal land claims through the 1970s. During this time, a
522:, worked to preserve the language. Since 2012, the Mohegan Tribe has established a project to revive its language and establish new generations of native speakers.
309:
entity known as the Mohegan Indian Tribe." The United States took land into trust the same year, under an act of Congress to serve as a reservation for the tribe.
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168:
1406:
856:
787:
646:
Most of the descendants of the Mohegan tribe, by contrast, have continued to live in New England, and particularly in Connecticut, since the colonial era.
1106:
943:
414:
and of Tamaquashad, Sachem of the Pequot tribe. In Mohegan tradition, the position of tribal leadership was often hereditary through the maternal line.
391:
of 1636, which broke the power of the formerly dominant Pequot tribe in the region. In reward, the Colonists gave Pequot captives to the Mohegan tribe.
407:. Returning to Connecticut, she operated this museum for six decades. It was one of the first museums to be owned and operated by American Indians.
1090:
306:
712:(1899–2005), anthropologist, herbalist, co-founder of the Tantaquidgeon Museum. Worked to preserve Mohegan culture through the 20th century.
566:
folklore, and in comparing these plants and practices to those of other Algonquian peoples like the Lenni Lenape (Delaware) and Wampanoag,
176:
1123:
443:
In 1978, in response to the desires of tribal nations across the country to gain federal recognition and recover tribal sovereignty, the
918:
Historical linguistics 1991 : papers from the 10th international conference on historical linguistics, Amsterdam, 12-16 August 1991
1285:
1200:
1072:
459:
in Montville. BIA researchers used records provided by the Hamilton band, records from the Mohegan Church, and records maintained by
1366:
925:
889:
796:
1215:
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1928 Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions. SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270 (p. 269)
1356:
722:
356:
1401:
1391:
486:. MTIC is governed by a chief, an elected chairman and an elected tribal council, all of whom serve for specific terms.
180:
1386:
728:
403:
and unofficial historian. She studied anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania and worked for a decade with the
156:
1341:
870:"General History of Duchess County, From 1609 to 1876, Inclusive", Philip H. Smith, Pawling, New York, 1877, p. 154
624:
593:, who share similar Algonkian culture and the members of whom constitute another speech community with the greater
368:
152:
623:
In 1735, Housatonic Mohican leaders negotiated with Massachusetts Governor Jonathan Belcher to found the town of
781:. in her 1827 collection of poetry. In that same collection are two other poems relating to the Mohegan nation,
319:
1156:
940:
635:
of the east bank of the central and lower Hudson River, relocated to central New York to live among the native
444:
404:
31:
1242:
850:
507:
294:
93:
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379:
The Mohegan Indian Tribe was historically based in central southern Connecticut, originally part of the
703:
424:
808:
744:
709:
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519:
460:
396:
364:
287:
232:
164:
148:
1157:"Final Determination that the Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut Does Exist as an Indian Tribe"
981:
813:
697:
693:
681:
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313:
216:
196:
160:
1087:
506:, died in 1908. The Mohegan language was recorded primarily in her diaries, and in articles and a
463:, who had kept genealogy and vital statistics of tribal members for her anthropological research.
1250:
1174:
Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
751:
172:
140:
1281:
1196:
1130:
1068:
1033:
921:
885:
674:(c. 1700–1736), sachem who traveled to England in 1735 to seek better treatment of his people.
671:
437:
384:
1381:
966:(1994), Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School, accessed 12 January 2013
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609:
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254:
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The Mohican (also called the Stockbridge Mohican) were historically based along the upper
423:
land-claims litigation. When the Hamilton supporters left the meeting, this band elected
239:. Thereafter, the Mohegan became a separate tribal nation under the leadership of Uncas.
904:
1189:
757:
578:
511:
400:
228:
1304:
and the Stockbridge Indian Company in the American Revolution", Laurence M. Hauptman,
577:
is used by the Mohegan for cough medicine. The Mohegan also use the inner bark of the
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617:
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212:
72:
42:
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718:
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613:
601:
483:
236:
106:
1107:
Associated Press, "Gladys Tantaquidgeon, Mohegans' Medicine Woman, Is Dead at 106"
959:
823:
515:
360:
144:
76:
627:, just to the west of the Berkshire Mountains, as a mission village. After the
792:
783:
774:
581:
as a cough remedy, and the sap as a sweetening agent and to make maple syrup.
388:
348:
220:
89:
1278:
American Indian languages : the historical linguistics of native America
334:
321:
1191:
The languages of native America : historical and comparative assessment
1124:"Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut v. Mohegan Tribe & Nation, Inc"
738:
632:
151:, a federally recognized tribe living on a reservation in the eastern upper
127:
427:
as their new leader. Notes of that Council meeting referred to Hamilton as
1237:
William C. Sturtevant (General Editor), Bruce G. Trigger (Volume Editor).
1061:
1338:
1129:. State of Connecticut Judicial Branch. February 20, 2001. Archived from
570:
224:
192:
38:
779:
The Rival Kings of Mohegan, contrasted with the Rival Brothers of Persia
631:, these Mohican people, along with New York Mohicans and members of the
482:
claims extinguished all pending land claims. The MTIC adopted a written
17:
590:
290:
119:
706:(1897–1988), Grand Sachem Chief Rolling Cloud, Indian rights activist
659:
589:
Although similar in name, the Mohegan are a different tribe from the
429:
209:
201:
187:
733:
665:
655:
411:
205:
1000:"The Mohegan Tribe Celebrates Re-Opening of Tantaquidgeon Museum"
982:"Running Against Time - Medicine Woman Preserves Mohegan Culture"
690:(1827–1908), last native speaker of the Mohegan-Pequot language.
1350:
Mohegan Nation (Connecticut) Land Claim Settlement Act of 1994
529:
269:
227:
near Albany, New York, where he had fled, at the hands of the
1333:
1319:
Medicine Trail: The Life and Lessons of Gladys Tantaquidgeon.
131:
Lester Skeesuk, a Narraganset-Mohegan, in traditional regalia
1308:, Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian, 2017
680:(1723–1792), Presbyterian minister, who helped relocate the
312:
Most of the Mohegan people in Connecticut today live on the
950:, Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut, official website
860:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
263:
147:. Today the majority of the people are associated with the
383:. It gradually became independent and served as allies of
275:
272:
1239:
Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15, Northeast
905:
The Mohegan Tribe: Heritage - Our Traditions and Symbols
478:(MTIC) gained recognition as a sovereign tribal nation.
243:
is a variant anglicized spelling of the Algonquian name
143:
Native American tribe historically based in present-day
1177:, Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology
546:
1163:
Vol. 59, No. 50, 15 March 1994, accessed 18 March 2013
964:
Mohegan Nation (Connecticut) Land Claim Settlement Act
155:
valley of south-central Connecticut. It is one of two
278:
195:
colonists destroyed a principal fortified village at
737:
Melissa Jane Fawcett), Mohegan Tribal Historian and
266:
260:
257:
191:eventually adopted by themselves. In 1637, English
113:
99:
83:
66:
56:
1363:, self-published at Understand Connecticut website
1188:
1060:
363:Casino on their reservation in Uncasville and the
715:Faith Davison (1940–2019), researcher, consultant
186:At the time of European contact, the Mohegan and
1280:(. ed.). New York, NY: Oxford Univ. Press.
1023:
1021:
247:which translates to "fox" in English. The word
1187:Mithun, Marianne (1979). Lyle Campbell (ed.).
466:In 1990, the Fowler group, identifying as the
27:Algonquian tribe native to the northeastern US
1029:"Passings: John E. Hamilton; Indian Activist"
223:. This ended with the death of Uncas' cousin
8:
1088:"Contemporary History of Mohegan, 1933-2002"
399:(1899–2005) served for years as the Tribe's
51:
1232:
1230:
1152:
1150:
1067:. Ithaca (N.Y.): Cornell University Press.
840:
838:
573:of bark removed from the south side of the
1367:Faith Damon Davison, A Poor Little Village
988:. University of Pennsylvania. Summer 2001.
739:author of several books on Mohegan culture
50:
986:School of Anthropology; Alumni Newsletter
941:"Mohegan Event Timeline, 1933 to present"
639:. In time the settlement became known as
504:Fidelia "Flying Bird" A. Hoscott Fielding
395:to house tribal artifacts and histories.
976:
974:
972:
743:Medicine Trail: The Life and Lessons of
126:
1354:Davies, Lindrith, "Casinos and Nations"
960:"25 USC § 1775 - Findings and purposes"
884:. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
834:
476:Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut
468:Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut
1258:
1248:
498:The last living native speaker of the
1397:Native American tribes in Connecticut
1195:. Austin: University of Texas Press.
760:(b. 1989), writer, director, actress.
7:
851:"Mohican, Mahican and Mohegan"
67:Regions with significant populations
1321:University of Arizona Press (2000),
880:William C. Sturtevant, ed. (1978).
418:Land claims and federal recognition
45:, different Native American tribes.
1407:People from Montville, Connecticut
1063:Uncas : first of the Mohegans
882:Handbook of North American Indians
494:Extinction and revival of Language
159:in the state, the other being the
25:
1047:John E. Hamilton; Indian Activist
585:Confusion with the Mohican people
286:) translates in their respective
791:
782:
773:
533:
253:
696:(1828–1916), revivalist of the
451:through the twentieth century.
1:
1059:Oberg, Michael Leroy (2003).
916:Jaap Van Marle, ed. (1993).
788:The Chair of the Indian King
208:, the Christian convert and
37:Not to be confused with the
920:. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
729:Melissa Tantaquidgeon Zobel
658:(c. 1588 – c. 1683), famed
297:) as "People of the Wolf".
157:federally recognized tribes
1423:
1300:"The Road to Kingsbridge:
1097:, Native American Mohegans
625:Stockbridge, Massachusetts
369:Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
367:racetrack and casino near
163:, whose reservation is in
73:Mohegan Indian Reservation
36:
29:
510:report made by the early
118:
104:
88:
71:
61:
1339:Native American Mohegans
688:Fidelia Hoscott Fielding
445:Bureau of Indian Affairs
405:Bureau of Indian Affairs
235:nation from west of the
32:Mohegan (disambiguation)
1276:Campbell, Lyle (1997).
1243:Smithsonian Institution
857:Encyclopædia Britannica
723:United States Treasurer
604:in present-day eastern
508:Smithsonian Institution
359:. The MTIC operate the
295:Mohegan-Pequot language
199:with the help of their
169:state-recognized tribes
167:. There are also three
94:Mohegan-Pequot language
1334:Mohegan Tribe Homepage
1317:Melissa Jane Fawcett.
700:and Tribal Chairperson
132:
105:Mohegan spirituality,
641:Stockbridge, New York
457:Congregational Church
335:41.47833°N 72.08194°W
130:
114:Related ethnic groups
1402:Algonquian ethnonyms
1392:Norwich, Connecticut
1245:, Washington (1978).
809:Mohegan Indian Tribe
745:Gladys Tantaquidgeon
710:Gladys Tantaquidgeon
608:and along the upper
520:Gladys Tantaquidgeon
461:Gladys Tantaquidgeon
397:Gladys Tantaquidgeon
365:Mohegan Pennsylvania
233:Iroquois Confederacy
165:Ledyard, Connecticut
149:Mohegan Indian Tribe
52:Mohegan Indian Tribe
30:For other uses, see
1006:. The Mohegan Tribe
814:Brothertown Indians
772:published her poem
698:Green Corn Ceremony
694:Emma Fielding Baker
682:Brothertown Indians
629:American Revolution
595:Algonquian language
340:41.47833; -72.08194
331: /
314:Mohegan Reservation
161:Mashantucket Pequot
53:
1387:Algonquian peoples
1359:2016-03-05 at the
1344:2020-01-17 at the
1261:has generic name (
1093:2018-10-06 at the
946:2017-05-17 at the
752:Stephanie Fielding
684:to New York state.
545:. You can help by
133:
1161:Federal Register,
1113:, 2 November 2005
1034:Los Angeles Times
672:Mahomet Weyonomon
575:silver maple tree
563:
562:
438:Kent, Connecticut
385:English colonists
357:New London County
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124:
16:(Redirected from
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1095:Wayback Machine
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770:Lydia Sigourney
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351:in the Town of
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79:, United States
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173:Schaghticoke
153:Thames River
136:
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107:Christianity
48:Ethnic group
1041:28 February
1010:25 November
824:Mohegan Sun
721:(b. 1953),
579:sugar maple
554:August 2013
526:Ethnobotany
516:Frank Speck
361:Mohegan Sun
338: /
219:during the
145:Connecticut
77:Connecticut
1376:Categories
1140:2013-06-06
1004:Press Room
830:References
754:, linguist
731:(b. 1960)(
389:Pequot War
349:Uncasville
326:72°04′55″W
323:41°28′42″N
307:aboriginal
221:Pequot War
215:, and the
141:Algonquian
1251:cite book
633:Wappinger
616:colonist
353:Montville
288:Algonquin
177:Paugusett
84:Languages
1357:Archived
1342:Archived
1091:Archived
944:Archived
803:See also
606:New York
597:family.
571:infusion
291:dialects
225:Sassacus
210:sagamore
100:Religion
39:Mohicans
18:Mohegans
1382:Mohegan
591:Mohican
387:in the
375:History
249:Mohegan
245:Wonkus,
197:Mistick
193:Puritan
139:are an
137:Mohegan
120:Pequots
90:English
1284:
1199:
1071:
924:
888:
790:. and
748:(2000)
660:sachem
430:Sachem
229:Mohawk
202:sachem
188:Pequot
179:, and
171:: the
43:Mohawk
1134:(PDF)
1127:(PDF)
666:Oneco
656:Uncas
614:Dutch
412:Uncas
347:near
241:Uncas
231:, an
206:Uncas
62:1,300
1282:ISBN
1263:help
1197:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1043:2013
1012:2012
922:ISBN
886:ISBN
135:The
734:née
549:.
316:at
183:.
41:or
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1253:}}
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273:ɡ
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258:ˈ
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