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one of the three seats available under section 6. As section 5 does not require that the appointee be a current member of a superior court or the bar of a province, Moldaver held that both current and past advocates of at least ten years' standing at the Quebec Bar are eligible for appointment to the Court. As Nadon had previously been a member of the Quebec Bar for more than ten years, Moldaver would have upheld his appointment.
298:, which was based on a fictional charismatic criminal defence lawyer. Moldaver stated that the thought of "being able to defend a person charged with murder, who was innocent, and have the real culprit confess after a blistering cross-examination was too much for to resist". His passion for criminal law crystallized during his time with Martin, whom he later described as the "Dean of criminal law in Canada".
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the
Superior Court of Quebec and the Quebec Court of Appeal. Put another way, s. 6 builds on s. 5 by requiring that for three of the seats on this Court, the candidates who meet the criteria of s. 5 must be chosen from three Quebec institutions (the Barreau du Québec, the Quebec Court of Appeal, and the Superior Court of Quebec). Section 6 does not impose any additional requirements.
407:'s case was brought before the Court in 2006. In 2007, Moldaver joined the court in acquitting Truscott of his 1959 rape and murder convictions, due to new medical evidence and fresh testimony. During the trial, Moldaver was critical of the investigating team, questioning them as to why they never considered a sexual psychopath as a suspect.
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years before his eventual appointment to the
Supreme Court of Canada. While at the Court of Appeal, Moldaver was known as one of the Court's most outspoken members and was considered an expert on criminal law. In a series of controversial speeches, he complained that criminal defence lawyers would sometimes "trivialize" the
806:. He stated that the nature of the hybrid offence acts a "safety valve", which ensures that the least serious offenders will not face three years in prison. Therefore, Moldaver argued the focus should be on the constitutionality of the Crown's election to proceed by indictment rather than summarily, not the law itself.
810:… First, the court must determine whether the scheme adequately protects against grossly disproportionate sentences in general. Second, the court must determine whether the Crown has exercised its discretion in a manner that results in a grossly disproportionate sentence for the particular offender before the court.
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Apart from post-secondary education, Moldaver has contributed to continuing legal education programs for lawyers and the judiciary. He has frequently taught and spoken at numerous educational programs. Some of which include programs sponsored by the
National Judicial Institute, the Canadian Institute
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Section 5 sets out the threshold eligibility requirements to be appointed a judge of this Court. Section 6 guarantees three Quebec seats on the Court by specifying that, for at least three of the judges, the bar mentioned in s. 5 is the
Barreau du Québec and the superior courts mentioned in s. 5 are
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In 1990, at age 42, Moldaver was appointed to the High Court of
Justice of the Supreme Court of Ontario (now known as the Ontario Superior Court of Justice). He spent five years there before being elevated to the Court of Appeal for Ontario in 1995. Moldaver sat on the Court of Appeal for the next 16
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Section 5 states, "Any person may be appointed a judge who is or has been a judge of a superior court of a province or a barrister or advocate of at least ten years standing at the bar of a province." Moldaver argued that a judge who meets the requirements under section 5, is eligible to be named to
472:. He was formally appointed to the Court on October 21, 2011. Though Moldaver was appointed by a Conservative government, he is not seen as having a strong conservative political ideology but has been described as being mildly conservative, with a dedication to being pragmatic and following the law.
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claims, he suggested he wants to see changes that will "simplify the criminal law, and in the process, restore the public's faith and confidence in our criminal justice system". Though the majority of his comments have been directed towards defence lawyers, Moldaver has also been critical of Crown
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and Alan Gold. He gained a wealth of experience in short time, as he was given the opportunity to work on murder files in his first year. As he continued to develop and progress into becoming a successful lawyer, he tried to stay true to his personal motto: "Don't go to trial unless you absolutely
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He emphasized that the police only require a reasonable suspicion that they will find narcotics and not a reasonable probability of finding them. Moldaver said that to determine whether the threshold has been satisfied, common sense, flexibility and experience must be viewed through the eyes of a
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In sum, while it is critical that the line between a hunch and reasonable suspicion be maintained to prevent the police from engaging in indiscriminate or discriminatory practices, it is equally vital that the police be allowed to carry out their duties without undue scepticism or the requirement
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of his 1972 murder conviction. Moldaver ultimately decided to overturn the conviction due to the Crown's failure to disclose a key piece of evidence. Moldaver held the missing evidence would have been "gold" in the defence lawyer's hands and that there was overwhelming support for the claim the
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Where the state recruits an accused into a fictitious criminal organization of its own making and seeks to elicit a confession from him, any confession made by the accused to the state during the operation should be treated as presumptively inadmissible. This presumption of inadmissibility is
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Moldaver wrote the majority decision in the 5–4 ruling, holding the search was constitutional. He held that police are permitted to use sniffer-dogs to search for drugs and prevent crimes, even in situations where individuals have a reasonable expectation of privacy, provided the police have
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in
Toronto at Thomson Rogers. At that time, his mind was set on finishing his articles and then returning to Peterborough to practice with his brother. However, Moldaver's plans changed with the opportunity to finish the last six months of his articles with a leading criminal defence lawyer,
551:
In his first year on the
Supreme Court, Moldaver penned eight majority decisions. He was the only member of the Court to be a part of all 75 majority decisions rendered that year. In the following years, Moldaver has written some notable decisions. In 2013, in
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These comments received pushback from criminal lawyers, who accused
Moldaver of interpreting the Charter as a "weed to be stunted" instead of a "vital living tree". In expressing his disapproval with counsel who clog the justice system by bringing baseless
431:
When terrorists acting on
Canadian soil are apprehended and brought to justice, the responsibility lies with the courts to send a clear and unmistakable message that terrorism is reprehensible and those who choose to engage in it here will pay a very heavy
270:. Moldaver struggled in his first semester of law school and failed his December exams. Moldaver recovered and upon his graduation in 1971, was named his graduating year's gold medalist, an award given to the student with the highest academic average.
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The Right
Honourable Richard Wagner, Chief Justice of Canada, announces that Justice Michael J. Moldaver has notified the Minister of Justice, the Honourable David Lametti, of his retirement from the Supreme Court of Canada, effective September 1,
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Moldaver wrote the majority judgement in the 5–4 decision. In upholding a police search and seizure, he argued that every single police action should not be "placed under a scanning electron-microscope". In 2014, writing for the majority in
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He concluded that an accused party will not be unjustly punished, based solely on the Crown's election, because if the Crown proceeds improperly and it leads to a "grossly disproportionate" sentence, there are remedies for an accused under
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suggested it should not be assumed that someone cannot learn French. Moldaver expressed his respect for the French language and apologized for his inability to speak it; he committed himself to becoming more proficient in the future.
848:, a director of the Criminal Lawyers' Association and the Advocates' Society, and a co-chair of the University of Toronto Academic Tribunal, Discipline Subsection. In addition, he co-chaired the 1989 and 1990 Advocacy Symposiums.
249:
As his parents did not have the opportunity to receive a formal education, they stressed the importance of their sons receiving higher education. Moldaver attended elementary school at Queen Mary Public School and high school at
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requirements. By a 6–1 decision, the Court held that only current members of the Quebec Bar or a Quebec Superior Court satisfied the requirements and could validly be appointed. Consequently, Nadon's appointment was quashed.
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and the University of Toronto. Though he no longer teaches at either university, he continues to sponsor awards at the University of Toronto. Moldaver has volunteered as a guest judge on final panels for various national
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induces a confession as proof of the accused's loyalty to a criminal organization. In changing the common law test for the admissibility of a confession, Moldaver established a new test. In order for a confession to be
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Many of the Charter issues that you are likely to encounter on a day-to-day basis have been thoroughly litigated, all the way to the Supreme Court. By and large the governing principles are firmly established.
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667:, the accused, Benjamin Cain MacKenzie, was charged with possession of a controlled drug for the purpose of trafficking. Police pulled MacKenzie over during a highway traffic stop and, through the use of a
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sting operation. He held that the confessions will only be admissible if they contain probative value and do not cause an abuse of process. In 2015, he wrote the dissenting judgment in the 6–3 decision in
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Following his articles, Moldaver began his career as a criminal practitioner at the law firm of Pomerant, Pomerant and Greenspan and became a partner in 1975. He had the opportunity to work with Justice
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to be appointed to one of Quebec's three constitutionally guaranteed seats in the Supreme Court. The reference came before the Court in response to Stephen Harper's appointment of Justice Marc Nadon, a
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Did the thought ever cross your mind that, for someone to strangle her then sexually assault her, you might want to be looking for someone who is more of a pervert, more of a sexual psychopath?
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expressed concerns his appointment would deny Francophones equality before the law and was a step backwards because his predecessor – Justice Louise Charron – was bilingual. However, the
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Avant de commencer les plaidoiries ce matin, je tiens souligner qu'il s'agit aujourd'hui de la dernière participation du juge Moldaver aux audiences de la Cour suprême du Canada.
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claims as a means to challenge evidence. In his 2005 address to the Criminal Lawyers Association, Moldaver stated that the criminal lawyer who continues to "throw up a medley of
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stated that criminal punishments need to reflect the seriousness of the crime. As a result, the Court held that the mandatory minimums are inconsistent with section 12 of the
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counsel. He has questioned whether they overcharge, refuse to yield to reasonable defence requests, and push the evidentiary envelope beyond what is needed for a conviction.
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to life in prison for engaging in terrorist activity. The Court held that harsh sentences are required to deter individuals from engaging in future terrorist activity.
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749:. He held that "misconduct that offends the community’s sense of fair play and decency will amount to an abuse of process and warrant the exclusion of the statement."
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because he was not a current member of a Quebec Superior Court or the Quebec Bar. The Court was asked to determine if a former member of the Quebec Bar satisfied the
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238:. He is the youngest of Irving Moldaver and Ruth Moldaver's three sons. Moldaver's father, Irving, was a Jewish Russian immigrant to Peterborough who worked as a
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798:. He argued that the illegal firearm possession provisions are hybrid offences and therefore only carry the mandatory minimum sentence if the Crown proceeds by
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and upheld Parliament's three-year mandatory minimum sentence for illegal possession of a loaded firearm. Additionally, Moldaver wrote the lone dissent in
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Moldaver has been married several times. He is currently married to Rivka Moldaver. He has two daughters, Shannon and Jessica, and two grandchildren.
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Moldaver always wanted to pursue criminal law, as he enjoyed his criminal law classes in law school. In addition, he also admired the television show
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overcome where the Crown can establish, on a balance of probabilities, that the probative value of the confession outweighs its prejudicial effect.
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287:. Due to his experience with Martin, he decided to remain in Toronto and pursue his career as a criminal lawyer. Moldaver was called to the
2796:"R v Nur: The Battle of Two Approaches to Challenging a Mandatory Minimum Sentence Under s. 52 of the Constitution Act, 1982 - TheCourt.ca"
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Moldaver expanded this test to protect an accused, by allowing confessions to be admissible only if the accused would not be subject to an
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Moldaver has maintained an active role within the legal community. During his career as a trial lawyer, he was a one-time co-chair of the
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rights against unreasonable search and seizure because the police lacked reasonable suspicion he was involved in a drug related offence.
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to the Supreme Court. As of March 2017, Moldaver has written 39 majority judgments and 10 dissents during his time on the Supreme Court.
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Throughout his professional life, Moldaver has contributed to legal education. From 1975 to 1995, he taught criminal law classes at
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lawyers' roles in the growing length of trials. In a series of speeches, Moldaver stated that criminal lawyers have demeaned the
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Michael Moldaver's final sitting day on the Supreme Court was May 19, 2022. His retirement was effective September 1, 2022.
1322:"Justice Michael Moldaver, one of two Ontario judges nominated to the Supreme Court on Monday, isn't shy about speaking up"
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metal dealer; Ruth Moldaver's family ran a clothing store. Moldaver's maternal grandfather was also Peterborough's first
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In hearings, he was the court's most outspoken and passionate defender of female complainants in sexual-assault cases
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expressed their concerns over his lack of French proficiency and claimed they would not support his nomination. The
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Moldaver's nomination raised some concern, due to his prior statements made about criminal defence lawyers and the
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Amongst others, he sat on the final panel of the 2014 Wilson Moot and the 2016 Davies Corporate/Securities Moot.
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for the Administration of Justice, the Ontario Crown Attorneys' Association, Criminal Lawyers' Association and
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advocated for Moldaver, noting he was capable of using the translation services offered in the Court. Interim
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of three and five years for the possession of a loaded prohibited firearm – contrary to section 95(1) of the
606:, the Supreme Court was asked to determine the eligibility requirements for members of Quebec Courts and the
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Dissenting, Moldaver held that the mandatory minimum sentencing provisions do not violate section 12 of the
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until his retirement in 2022. Before his elevation to the nation's top court, he served as a judge at the
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Michael Moldaver, Long Criminal Trials: Masters of a System They Are Meant to Serve, 32 CR (6th) 316
464:. His nomination and eventual appointment filled one of the two vacancies left by retiring Justices
322:. After two years, he joined Goodman and Goodman, where he spent the rest of his practising career.
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Moldaver, Michael J. (2005). "Long Criminal Trials: Masters of a System They are Meant to Serve".
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reasonable person armed with the knowledge, training and experience of the investigating officer.
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Moldaver disagreed with the majority and wrote a strong dissent. Under his interpretation of the
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Moldaver redefined the common law test for the admissibility of confessions obtained through a
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Throughout his career, Moldaver has appeared in front of courts at every level, including the
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2586:"Supreme Court stands by existing rules for police searches using sniffer dogs - Macleans.ca"
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Moldaver's nomination received further criticism for his inability to speak French. Both the
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3002:"Justice Michael Moldaver, outspoken champion of sexual assault complainants, has retired"
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reasonable grounds to suspect that the search will reveal evidence of a criminal offence.
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and the Quebec government. They argued Nadon was not eligible for appointment under the
341:. Following that application, he told his firm he was "never going back to that place".
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issues in the hopes that one or two might stick" should realize "those days are gone".
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for over 20 years. A former criminal lawyer, Moldaver is considered an expert in both
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2676:"Sniffer dogs can be used for 'reasonable' police drug searches, Supreme Court rules"
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2053:"The State of the Criminal Justice System in 2006: An Appellate Judge's Perspective"
1973:"The State of the Criminal Justice System in 2006: An Appellate Judge's Perspective"
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On October 17, 2011, Moldaver, along with fellow Court of Appeal for Ontario judge
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1775:"Harper to appoint Ontario judges Karakatsanis and Moldaver to Supreme Court: CTV"
2396:"Reference re Supreme Court Act: Defining Appointments to Canada's Highest Court"
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1230:"Justice Moldaver on lawyering, life at the SCC, and Judge Judy | Ultra Vires"
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section 5 and section 6 are sufficiently related and are to be read together.
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1068:"Canada's bench strength: Meet the judges, new and old, of the Supreme Court"
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2936:"Webcast - The Hon. Michael J. Moldaver bids farewell to the Supreme Court"
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2427:"Could the Conservatives appoint another Marc Nadon to the Supreme Court?"
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and are therefore declared of no force of effect under section 52 of the
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Some of the most frequently cited cases in which he was counsel include:
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Michael Moldaver, Reference re Supreme Court Act, ss 5 and 6 at para 119
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out of monetary self-interest by arguing for unnecessary rights claims.
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2464:"Digest of the Week — The Nadon Reference | WestlawNext Canada Portal"
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Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Moldaver, 2017-03-25
460:, was nominated to the Supreme Court of Canada by then-Prime Minister
688:
that their every move be placed under a scanning electron microscope.
399:
During his time at the Court of Appeal, Moldaver was involved in the
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for being cruel and unusual punishment. Writing for a 6–3 majority,
2495:"Nadon appointment rejected on technicality, Justice Cromwell says"
2227:"A New Standard for "Mr. Big" Confessions: R v Hart - TheCourt.ca"
1898:"Is Harper stacking the Supreme Court with conservative justices?"
942:"Michael Moldaver's climb to top court had blue-collar beginnings"
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1868:"PM taps Ontario judges Karakatsanis, Moldaver for Supreme Court"
1295:(1982), 18 MVR 256, 2 CCC (3d) 247, 1982 CarswellOnt 40 (Ont CA).
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of two longstanding murder convictions. Led by Innocence Canada,
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1583:"Romeo Phillion's murder conviction struck down | Toronto Star"
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In 2009, Moldaver wrote the majority decision which acquitted
155:
2552:"Top court allows dog drug searches on 'reasonable' grounds"
1648:"Ontario Court of Appeal sentences Khwaja to life in prison"
2324:"The Nadon Reference: A Unique Challenge - LawNow Magazine"
1173:"Supreme Court of Canada - Biography - Michael J. Moldaver"
675:. MacKenzie alleged the dog's sniff violated his section 8
423:
In 2011, Moldaver, along with a unanimous court, sentenced
2738:"Revisiting "Mr. Big" Confessions: R v Mack - TheCourt.ca"
2290:"Reference re Supreme Court Act, ss. 5 and 6, 2014 SCC 21"
886:
Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Moldaver
588:, where he supported Stephen Harper's decision to appoint
2645:"Supreme Court allows wider use of police 'sniffer dogs'"
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University of Alberta: Centre for Constitutional Studies
1939:"Christie Blatchford: Some star power for our top court"
1283:(1979), 47 CCC (2d) 369, 1979 CarswellOnt 1334 (Ont CA).
3060:"Davies - Davies' Annual Corporate/Securities Law Moot"
759:
In 2015, the Court was asked to determine whether the
311:
have to, but if you do go to trial – make your mark."
2093:"Supreme Court nominee vows to improve French skills"
1744:"Prime minister to announce 2 Supreme Court nominees"
2124:"The Hill: One unilingual judge on SCC bench enough"
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Canadian Public Affairs: Justice Moldaver Interview
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application for leave to appeal a case to the Court
318:in 1985, he left the firm to begin practicing as a
204:from his 2011 appointment by former Prime Minister
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1262:), 33 CCC (2d) 422, 1977 CarswellOnt 982 (Ont CA).
815:Michael Moldaver, R v Nur, 2015 SCC 15 at para 157
740:Michael Moldaver, R v Hart, 2014 SCC 52 at para 85
1228:Rozee, Clara; Reynolds, Nick (October 28, 2015).
2707:"SCC sets high standard for Mr. Big confessions"
1682:"Ontario court sends tough message on terrorism"
278:Upon graduating from law school, Moldaver began
2834:"SCC quashes mandatory minimums for gun crimes"
2493:Stone, Laura; Fine, Sean (September 14, 2016).
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1713:"Supreme Court judge nominees named by Harper"
1030:"Meet the Newest Members of the Supreme Court"
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1271:R v Torbiak (1978), 40 CCC (2d) 193 (Ont CA).
578:. He argued that the Court should have shown
66:October 21, 2011 – September 1, 2022
8:
2525:"Supreme Court Act, RSC 1985, c S-26 at s.5"
1171:Canada, Supreme Court of (January 1, 2001).
693:Michael Moldaver, R v MacKenzie, 2013 SCC 50
262:in 1968. From there, he decided to pursue a
5045:University of Toronto Faculty of Law alumni
5025:Justices of the Court of Appeal for Ontario
1505:Legal Affairs Reporter (October 17, 2011).
1320:Legal Affairs Reporter (October 17, 2011).
234:Moldaver was born on December 23, 1947, in
4384:
4370:
4362:
4041:
4027:
4019:
3111:
3097:
3089:
1971:Moldaver, Michael J. (November 15, 2006).
1540:. Random House of Canada Ltd. p. 468.
709:In 2014, writing for a unanimous Court in
604:Reference Re Supreme Court Act, ss 5 and 6
597:Reference re Supreme Court Act, ss 5 and 6
585:Reference Re Supreme Court Act, ss 5 and 6
420:evidence had not been properly disclosed.
333:. As a lawyer, his only appearance in the
29:
2674:The Canadian Press (September 17, 2013).
2584:The Canadian Press (September 27, 2013).
2051:Moldaver, Michael J (November 15, 2006).
2020:Blatchford, Christie (October 19, 2011).
615:judge. The appointment was challenged by
1507:"Moldaver 'a force to be reckoned with'"
980:"Michael Moldaver sworn in to top court"
5030:Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada
2686:from the original on September 26, 2020
2185:"R v Mackenzie, 2013 SCC 50 at para 65"
2155:"Changes coming fast for Supreme Court"
1949:from the original on September 26, 2020
1832:"Binnie and Charron to retire from SCC"
1471:"Court acquits Truscott | Toronto Star"
1216:PSI Mind Development Institute Ltd. v R
1118:Beyond Politics - CPAC (July 3, 2014),
913:
730:must outweigh the prejudicial effect.
393:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
364:PSI Mind Development Institute Ltd. v R
223:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
3333:December 26, 2005 – February 28, 2006:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2638:
2636:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2579:
2577:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2351:
2349:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1711:Meagan Fitzpatrick (17 October 2011).
1675:
1673:
1517:from the original on December 27, 2012
1382:
1380:
1357:
1355:
1340:from the original on December 27, 2012
840:Involvement within the legal community
254:. Upon graduating, he enrolled at the
4059:December 18, 2017–September 15, 2019:
3966:October 28, 2016 – December 15, 2017:
3920:September 1, 2016 – October 28, 2016:
2406:from the original on November 8, 2015
2358:"SCC rules against Nadon appointment"
2237:from the original on October 29, 2017
2122:Cleroux, Richard (October 24, 2011).
2091:Kilpatrick, Sean (October 19, 2011).
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2022:"Holy smokes! A Supreme who's a star"
2000:
1998:
1966:
1964:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1315:
1313:
1211:
1209:
1196:
1194:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
189:(born December 23, 1947) is a former
7:
3869:August 31, 2015 – September 1, 2016:
3476:December 22, 2008 – August 30, 2011:
3282:October 4, 2004 – December 25, 2005:
2394:Snyder, Lorraine (October 8, 2014).
2225:Woods, Stuart (September 18, 2014).
1723:from the original on 17 October 2011
1646:Cohen, Gail J. (December 17, 2010).
1440:"Innocence Canada – Steven Truscott"
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1080:from the original on October 5, 2016
1040:from the original on March 27, 2017.
973:
971:
969:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
3818:December 1, 2014 – August 31, 2015:
3527:August 30, 2011 – October 27, 2011:
3070:from the original on March 24, 2017
3064:Davies Ward Phillips & Vineberg
3040:from the original on March 24, 2017
2844:from the original on March 27, 2017
2806:from the original on March 27, 2017
2748:from the original on March 31, 2017
2717:from the original on August 4, 2014
2655:from the original on March 30, 2017
2562:from the original on March 30, 2017
2505:from the original on March 26, 2017
2474:from the original on March 30, 2017
2437:from the original on March 26, 2017
2334:from the original on March 30, 2017
2165:from the original on March 27, 2017
2134:from the original on March 19, 2017
2103:from the original on March 19, 2017
2063:from the original on March 19, 2017
2032:from the original on March 30, 2017
1983:from the original on March 19, 2017
1878:from the original on March 19, 2017
1842:from the original on March 30, 2017
1692:from the original on March 30, 2017
1658:from the original on April 23, 2017
1593:from the original on March 30, 2017
1562:from the original on March 30, 2017
1552:"Innocence Canada – Romeo Phillion"
1481:from the original on March 30, 2017
1450:from the original on March 30, 2017
1420:from the original on March 30, 2017
1240:from the original on March 25, 2017
996:from the original on March 23, 2017
954:from the original on March 23, 2017
717:operation – a procedure whereby an
479:. Moldaver has publicly criticised
3670:October 5, 2012 – August 31, 2013:
3573:October 27, 2011 – August 7, 2012:
2942:(in Canadian French), 2022-05-19,
2768:"R v Hart, 2014 SCC 52 at para 85"
2736:Woods, Stuart (November 7, 2014).
2368:from the original on June 25, 2015
1908:from the original on April 1, 2017
1830:Melnitzer, Julius (May 13, 2011).
1128:from the original on April 7, 2017
1121:Beyond Politics - Justice Moldaver
25:
5040:People from Peterborough, Ontario
3767:June 9, 2014 – November 30, 2014:
3624:August 7, 2012 – October 5, 2012:
3430:July 1, 2008 – December 22, 2008:
2643:Fine, Sean (September 27, 2013).
1680:Makin, Kirk (December 17, 2010).
1469:Tyler, Tracey (August 28, 2007).
1410:"Innocence Canada – Exonerations"
1307:(1987), 35 CCC (3d) 144 (Ont CA).
1218:(1977), 37 CCC (2d) 263 (Ont HC).
1203:(1977), 35 CCC (2d) 151 (Ont CA).
1028:Allen, Kate (November 15, 2011).
978:Akin, David (November 15, 2011).
940:Allen, Kate (November 14, 2011).
898:Supreme Court of Canada Biography
327:Ontario Superior Court of Justice
210:Ontario Superior Court of Justice
4212:September 1, 2022–June 12, 2023:
4110:September 16, 2019–July 1, 2021:
3180:August 7, 2002 – August 1, 2003:
3000:Fine, Sean (24 September 2022).
2832:Kari, Shannon (April 14, 2015).
2794:Casey, Jordan (April 16, 2015).
1866:Makin, Kirk (October 17, 2011).
4392:Current Canadian federal judges
4263:June 12, 2023–November 5, 2023:
3721:August 31, 2013 – June 9, 2014:
3231:August 5, 2003 – June 30, 2004:
3129:January 7, 2000 – July 1, 2002:
2978:from the original on 2022-07-21
2972:Supreme Court of Canada website
2946:from the original on 2022-05-19
2940:Supreme Court of Canada website
1754:from the original on 2011-10-19
1742:Robert Fife (16 October 2011).
1581:Tyler, Tracey (March 9, 2009).
671:, discovered a large amount of
3379:March 1, 2006 – June 30, 2008:
2356:Dias, David (March 21, 2014).
2322:Edmond, John (June 30, 2015).
2153:Makin, Kirk (March 29, 2013).
1773:Kirk Makin (16 October 2011).
1388:"Truscott (Re), 2007 ONCA 575"
1066:Fine, Sean (October 3, 2016).
1:
4161:July 1, 2021–August 31, 2022:
2705:Dias, David (July 31, 2014).
2425:Stone, Laura (May 13, 2014).
1804:Kauth, Glenn (May 13, 2011).
1363:"R v Phillion, 2009 ONCA 202"
858:law school moot competitions.
437:Court of Appeal for Ontario,
266:and enrolled at the school's
5060:21st-century Canadian judges
5055:University of Toronto alumni
2623:"R v MacKenzie, 2014 SCC 50"
1625:"R v Khawaja, 2010 ONCA 862"
4309:November 6, 2023 – Present:
1806:"Binnie, Charron to retire"
1614:, 2009 SCC 202 at para 146.
761:mandatory minimum sentences
441:, 2010 ONCA 862 at para 246
331:Court of Appeal for Ontario
214:Court of Appeal for Ontario
5076:
2925:, 2015 SCC 15 at para 160.
2913:, 2015 SCC 15 at para 157.
2901:, 2015 SCC 15 at para 149.
2889:, 2015 SCC 15 at para 148.
2877:, 2015 SCC 15 at para 119.
27:Canadian judge (born 1947)
2865:, 2015 SCC 15 at para 44.
726:, Moldaver held that the
180:
110:
59:
44:
846:Canadian Bar Association
230:Early life and education
5050:Canadian King's Counsel
4414:Andromache Karakatsanis
2057:Ontario Court of Appeal
1977:Ontario Court of Appeal
866:Ontario Bar Association
853:Osgoode Hall Law School
779:Chief Justice McLachlin
613:Federal Court of Appeal
458:Andromache Karakatsanis
447:Supreme Court of Canada
335:Supreme Court of Canada
252:Peterborough Collegiate
202:Supreme Court of Canada
54:Supreme Court of Canada
2558:. September 27, 2013.
818:
788:Constitution Act, 1982
766:Canadian Criminal Code
743:
696:
650:
528:Quebec Bar Association
507:
444:
413:
306:, and notable lawyers
4484:J. D. Denis Pelletier
1536:Sher, Julian (2008).
985:Peterborough Examiner
823:section 24(1) of the
487:by bringing baseless
285:Goldwyn Arthur Martin
256:University of Toronto
236:Peterborough, Ontario
218:Canadian criminal law
148:University of Toronto
136:Peterborough, Ontario
4784:Richard F. Southcott
4053:court (2017–present)
1937:(October 17, 2011).
1935:Blatchford, Christie
1904:. November 2, 2011.
524:New Democratic Party
4939:Frank J. Pizzitelli
4834:Ekaterina Tsimberis
4804:Anne Marie McDonald
4689:Leonard S. Mandamin
4604:Douglas R. Campbell
4444:Michelle O'Bonsawin
2026:Winnipeg Free Press
627:Supreme Court Act's
105:Michelle O'Bonsawin
39:Michael J. Moldaver
4979:Don R. Sommerfeldt
4894:Campbell J. Miller
4864:Pierre Archambault
4824:SĂ©bastien Grammond
4814:William F. Pentney
4789:Patrick K. Gleeson
4744:Glennys L. McVeigh
4709:Mary J. L. Gleason
4704:Marie-Josée Bédard
4664:Michel M. J. Shore
4649:Sean J. Harrington
4614:Elizabeth Heneghan
4529:Mary J. L. Gleason
3006:The Globe and Mail
2649:The Globe and Mail
2499:The Globe and Mail
2159:The Globe and Mail
2009:. 32 CR (6th) 316.
1872:The Globe and Mail
1779:The Globe and Mail
1686:The Globe and Mail
1538:Until You Are Dead
1073:The Globe and Mail
804:summary conviction
719:undercover officer
635:Supreme Court Act,
580:judicial restraint
532:Conservative Party
314:After being named
274:Career as a lawyer
5002:
5001:
4969:Dominique Lafleur
4959:Kathleen T. Lyons
4949:Randall S. Bocock
4799:Sylvie E. Roussel
4734:Cecily Strickland
4724:Michael D. Manson
4679:Anne L. Mactavish
4669:Michael L. Phelan
4594:Sandra J. Simpson
4569:André F. J. Scott
4549:Marianne Rivoalen
4359:
4358:
4016:
4015:
3136:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
3066:. March 7, 2016.
3030:"The Wilson Moot"
622:Supreme Court Act
547:Notable judgments
320:sole practitioner
184:
183:
130:December 23, 1947
16:(Redirected from
5067:
4934:Steven K. D'Arcy
4919:Patrick J. Boyle
4819:Shirzad S. Ahmed
4809:Roger Lafreniere
4769:Simon Fothergill
4764:Keith M. Boswell
4749:Martine St-Louis
4684:Robert L. Barnes
4588:Paul S. Crampton
4524:Donald J. Rennie
4494:Johanne Gauthier
4468:Yves de Montigny
4434:Nicholas Kasirer
4386:
4379:
4372:
4363:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4020:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3090:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3012:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2829:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2791:
2780:
2779:
2774:. Archived from
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2619:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2592:. Archived from
2581:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2548:
2537:
2536:
2531:. Archived from
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2460:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2391:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2319:
2302:
2301:
2296:. Archived from
2286:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2222:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2191:. Archived from
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2088:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2007:Criminal Reports
2002:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1931:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1863:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1781:. Archived from
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1631:. Archived from
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1587:The Toronto Star
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1556:Innocence Canada
1548:
1542:
1541:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1502:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1475:The Toronto Star
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1444:Innocence Canada
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1414:Innocence Canada
1406:
1400:
1399:
1394:. Archived from
1384:
1375:
1374:
1369:. Archived from
1359:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1326:The Toronto Star
1317:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1204:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1175:. Archived from
1168:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1115:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1063:
1042:
1041:
1025:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
975:
964:
963:
961:
959:
937:
816:
802:, instead of by
747:abuse of process
741:
694:
648:
505:
481:criminal defence
442:
264:Bachelor of Laws
260:Bachelor of Arts
187:Michael Moldaver
133:
129:
127:
115:Personal details
101:
85:
73:
64:
30:
21:
5075:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4984:Henry A. Visser
4944:Johanne D'Auray
4859:Anick Pelletier
4853:Eugene Rossiter
4838:
4774:B. Richard Bell
4573:
4554:George R. Locke
4459:Court of Appeal
4453:
4393:
4390:
4360:
4355:
4316:A. Karakatsanis
4304:
4270:A. Karakatsanis
4258:
4219:A. Karakatsanis
4207:
4173:A. Karakatsanis
4156:
4127:A. Karakatsanis
4105:
4076:A. Karakatsanis
4054:
4047:
4017:
4012:
3983:A. Karakatsanis
3961:
3937:A. Karakatsanis
3915:
3891:A. Karakatsanis
3864:
3845:A. Karakatsanis
3813:
3799:A. Karakatsanis
3762:
3753:A. Karakatsanis
3716:
3707:A. Karakatsanis
3665:
3661:A. Karakatsanis
3619:
3615:A. Karakatsanis
3568:
3522:
3471:
3425:
3374:
3328:
3277:
3226:
3175:
3124:
3123:court (2000–17)
3117:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3010:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2981:
2979:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2949:
2947:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2905:
2897:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2831:
2830:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2793:
2792:
2783:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2642:
2641:
2634:
2621:
2620:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2583:
2582:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2550:
2549:
2540:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2468:Thomson Reuters
2462:
2461:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2393:
2392:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2328:LawNow Magazine
2321:
2320:
2305:
2288:
2287:
2278:
2271:
2267:
2259:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2224:
2223:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2090:
2089:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1933:
1932:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1865:
1864:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1679:
1678:
1671:
1661:
1659:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1504:
1503:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1386:
1385:
1378:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1207:
1199:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1170:
1169:
1140:
1131:
1129:
1117:
1116:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1065:
1064:
1045:
1027:
1026:
1009:
999:
997:
977:
976:
967:
957:
955:
939:
938:
915:
911:
894:
882:
874:
842:
834:
817:
814:
757:
742:
739:
728:probative value
707:
695:
692:
661:
649:
646:
600:
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387:
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2974:, 2022-02-24,
2968:"News Release"
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2778:on 2018-08-14.
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2303:
2300:on 2018-08-14.
2276:
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2263:, 2015 SCC 15.
2248:
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2208:, 2014 SCC 52.
2198:
2195:on 2018-08-14.
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892:External links
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2016:
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1943:National Post
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1179:on 2016-07-27
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872:Personal life
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536:Liberal Party
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4954:David Graham
4929:Robert Hogan
4914:Gaston Jorré
4909:RĂ©al Favreau
4874:Alain Tardif
4851:
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4586:
4564:René Leblanc
4534:Judith Woods
4466:
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4424:Malcolm Rowe
4419:Suzanne Côté
4406:
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3747:
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3655:
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3609:
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3585:M. Deschamps
3559:M. Rothstein
3544:M. Deschamps
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3493:M. Deschamps
3467:M. Rothstein
3447:M. Deschamps
3421:M. Rothstein
3401:M. Deschamps
3355:M. Deschamps
3309:M. Deschamps
3268:M. Deschamps
3238:F. Iacobucci
3222:M. Deschamps
3192:F. Iacobucci
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1612:R v Phillion
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1177:the original
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1120:
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1071:
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1033:
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983:
956:. Retrieved
947:Toronto Star
945:
875:
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850:
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603:
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186:
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100:Succeeded by
72:Nominated by
61:
5015:1947 births
4904:Brent Paris
4739:Peter Annis
4449:Mary Moreau
4168:M. Moldaver
4122:M. Moldaver
4071:M. Moldaver
3978:M. Moldaver
3932:M. Moldaver
3886:M. Moldaver
3881:T. Cromwell
3840:M. Moldaver
3835:T. Cromwell
3794:M. Moldaver
3789:T. Cromwell
3748:M. Moldaver
3743:T. Cromwell
3702:M. Moldaver
3697:T. Cromwell
3656:M. Moldaver
3651:T. Cromwell
3610:M. Moldaver
3605:T. Cromwell
3564:T. Cromwell
3534:W.I. Binnie
3518:T. Cromwell
3483:W.I. Binnie
3437:W.I. Binnie
3391:W.I. Binnie
3345:W.I. Binnie
3299:W.I. Binnie
3253:W.I. Binnie
3207:W.I. Binnie
3187:C. Gonthier
3161:W.I. Binnie
3141:C. Gonthier
3034:Wilson Moot
2838:Legal Feeds
2800:TheCourt.ca
2742:TheCourt.ca
2711:Legal Feeds
2431:Global News
2362:Legal Feeds
2231:TheCourt.ca
1810:Legal Feeds
1777:. Toronto:
1652:Legal Feeds
1513:. Toronto.
1293:R v Ramdass
1201:R v Laverty
950:. Toronto.
769:– violated
669:sniffer-dog
452:Appointment
439:R v Khawaja
374:R v Ramdass
359:R v Laverty
354:R v Torbiak
296:Perry Mason
289:Ontario Bar
196:. He was a
84:Preceded by
5009:Categories
4829:Paul Favel
4759:Alan Diner
4624:Simon Noël
4514:David Near
4509:Wyman Webb
4474:Marc Nadon
4336:N. Kasirer
4290:N. Kasirer
4244:N. Kasirer
4198:N. Kasirer
4152:N. Kasirer
3508:L. Charron
3462:L. Charron
3416:L. Charron
3370:L. Charron
3324:L. Charron
3289:J.C. Major
3243:J.C. Major
3197:J.C. Major
3151:J.C. Major
2982:2022-07-21
2950:2022-05-19
1789:16 October
1758:16 October
1727:17 October
1344:January 7,
1258:R v Schell
1084:October 4,
990:QMI Agency
909:References
832:Retirement
800:indictment
771:section 12
724:admissible
608:Quebec Bar
590:Marc Nadon
466:Ian Binnie
349:R v Schell
171:Profession
163:Occupation
143:Alma mater
126:1947-12-23
89:Ian Binnie
4844:Tax Court
4351:M. Moreau
4331:S. Martin
4285:S. Martin
4239:S. Martin
4193:S. Martin
4147:S. Martin
4117:R. Abella
4101:S. Martin
4081:C. Gascon
4066:R. Abella
3993:C. Gascon
3988:R. Wagner
3973:R. Abella
3947:C. Gascon
3942:R. Wagner
3927:R. Abella
3901:C. Gascon
3896:R. Wagner
3876:R. Abella
3855:C. Gascon
3850:R. Wagner
3825:R. Abella
3809:C. Gascon
3804:R. Wagner
3779:R. Abella
3758:R. Wagner
3733:R. Abella
3712:R. Wagner
3687:R. Abella
3682:M.J. Fish
3641:R. Abella
3636:M.J. Fish
3595:R. Abella
3590:M.J. Fish
3554:R. Abella
3549:M.J. Fish
3503:R. Abella
3498:M.J. Fish
3457:R. Abella
3452:M.J. Fish
3411:R. Abella
3406:M.J. Fish
3365:R. Abella
3360:M.J. Fish
3319:R. Abella
3314:M.J. Fish
3273:M.J. Fish
3258:L. Arbour
3212:L. Arbour
3166:L. Arbour
3121:McLachlin
3074:March 23,
3044:March 23,
2848:March 26,
2810:March 26,
2752:March 31,
2721:March 31,
2690:March 29,
2659:March 29,
2600:March 29,
2566:March 29,
2509:March 26,
2478:March 29,
2441:March 25,
2410:March 29,
2372:March 29,
2338:March 29,
2241:March 31,
2169:March 26,
2138:March 18,
2128:Law Times
2107:March 18,
2067:March 30,
2036:March 30,
1987:March 18,
1953:March 18,
1912:March 31,
1882:March 18,
1846:March 30,
1815:March 30,
1696:March 30,
1662:March 30,
1597:March 29,
1566:March 29,
1521:March 23,
1485:March 29,
1454:March 29,
1424:March 29,
1334:0319-0781
1244:March 24,
1183:March 22,
1132:March 22,
1000:March 25,
958:March 25,
673:marijuana
401:acquittal
291:in 1973.
280:articling
62:In office
4729:Yvan Roy
4341:M. Jamal
4295:M. Jamal
4249:M. Jamal
4229:R. Brown
4203:M. Jamal
4183:R. Brown
4137:R. Brown
4091:R. Brown
4003:R. Brown
3957:R. Brown
3911:R. Brown
3774:L. LeBel
3728:L. LeBel
3677:L. LeBel
3631:L. LeBel
3580:L. LeBel
3539:L. LeBel
3488:L. LeBel
3442:L. LeBel
3396:L. LeBel
3350:L. LeBel
3304:L. LeBel
3263:L. LeBel
3217:L. LeBel
3171:L. LeBel
3068:Archived
3038:Archived
2976:archived
2944:archived
2842:Archived
2804:Archived
2746:Archived
2715:Archived
2684:Archived
2653:Archived
2590:Macleans
2560:Archived
2556:CBC News
2503:Archived
2472:Archived
2470:. 2014.
2435:Archived
2404:Archived
2366:Archived
2332:Archived
2235:Archived
2206:R v Hart
2163:Archived
2132:Archived
2101:Archived
2097:CBC News
2061:Archived
2030:Archived
1981:Archived
1947:Archived
1906:Archived
1902:The Cord
1876:Archived
1840:Archived
1752:Archived
1748:CTV News
1721:Archived
1690:Archived
1656:Archived
1591:Archived
1560:Archived
1515:Archived
1511:The Star
1479:Archived
1448:Archived
1418:Archived
1338:Archived
1281:R v Boyd
1238:Archived
1126:archived
1078:Archived
1038:Archived
994:Archived
952:Archived
880:See also
813:—
738:—
711:R v Hart
704:R v Hart
691:—
645:—
563:R v Hart
522:and the
502:—
435:—
369:R v Boyd
329:and the
220:and the
212:and the
191:Canadian
18:Moldaver
4326:M. Rowe
4321:S. Côté
4280:M. Rowe
4275:S. Côté
4234:M. Rowe
4224:S. Côté
4188:M. Rowe
4178:S. Côté
4142:M. Rowe
4132:S. Côté
4096:M. Rowe
4086:S. Côté
4008:M. Rowe
3998:S. Côté
3952:S. Côté
3906:S. Côté
3860:S. Côté
3011:17 June
2923:R v Nur
2911:R v Nur
2899:R v Nur
2887:R v Nur
2875:R v Nur
2863:R v Nur
2261:R v Nur
1305:R v MAZ
825:Charter
796:Charter
783:Charter
775:Charter
773:of the
754:R v Nur
715:Mr. Big
677:Charter
575:R v Nur
569:Mr. Big
540:Bob Rae
538:leader
512:Charter
493:Charter
489:Charter
485:Charter
477:Charter
379:R v MAZ
200:on the
52:of the
4051:Wagner
2772:CanLII
2627:CanLII
2529:CanLII
2294:CanLII
2189:CanLII
1629:CanLII
1392:CanLII
1367:CanLII
1332:
432:price.
175:Lawyer
166:Jurist
2988:2022.
1260:(1977
244:rabbi
240:scrap
194:judge
4049:The
3119:The
3076:2017
3046:2017
3013:2023
2850:2017
2812:2017
2754:2017
2723:2014
2692:2017
2661:2017
2602:2017
2568:2017
2511:2017
2480:2017
2443:2017
2412:2017
2374:2017
2340:2017
2243:2017
2171:2017
2140:2017
2109:2017
2069:2017
2038:2017
1989:2017
1955:2017
1914:2017
1884:2017
1848:2017
1817:2017
1791:2011
1760:2011
1729:2011
1698:2017
1664:2017
1599:2017
1568:2017
1523:2017
1487:2017
1456:2017
1426:2017
1346:2016
1330:ISSN
1246:2017
1185:2017
1134:2017
1086:2016
1002:2017
960:2017
468:and
120:Born
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