523:
810:. Doubleday. See section “The Non-Jewish Origins of Purim.” Pages 46-49. “Esther's canonical status may have been opposed by those Jews who saw the book as a defense for a Jewish festival which, as its very name suggests (*the pûr ", iii 7; see also ix 26), was non-Jewish in origin. Certainly modern scholars have felt the explanation for Purim's name in ix 26 to be strained and unconvincing. Moreover, the ‘secular" character of the feast suggests a pagan origin, that is, no prayers or sacrifices are specified, but drinking to the point of excess is permitted in the Talmud, Megilla 7b… pûrim is a hebraized form of a Babylonian word... Efforts to identify Purim with an earlier Jewish or Greek festival have been neither common nor convincing, and ever since the
38:
336:
246:
472:
550:, son of Aphiah, son of Shecharim, son of Uzziah, son of Sason, son of Michael, son of Eliel, son of Amihud, son of Shephatiah, son of Penuel, son of Petakh, son of Melokh, son of Yerubaal, son of Yeruham, son of Hananiah, son of Zabdi, son of Elpa'al, son of Shimri, son of Zebadiah, son of Rimoth, son of Khashum, son of Shekhorah, son of Gazza, son of 'Uzza, son of Gera, son of Bela, son of
318:
During all this, the king had happened to learn of
Mordecai's service in foiling the assassination plot and had asked Haman how a person who did a great service to the king should be honored. Haman answered, thinking the question was about him; and the king followed this advice, and honored Mordecai,
1096:
An
Explanatory Commentary on Esther with Four Appendices consisting of The Second Targum Translated From the Aramaic With Notes, Mithra, The Winged Bulls of Persepolis, And Zoroaster by Professor Paulus Cassel, D.D., Berlin, Translated by Rev. Aaron Bernstein, B.D., T&T Clark, 38 George Street,
505:
interprets the Bible verses Esther 2:5–6 to mean that
Mordecai himself was exiled by Nebuchadnezzar. Biblical scholar Michael D. Coogan discusses this as an inaccuracy regarding Mordecai's age. If "who had been carried into exile" refers to Mordecai, he would have had been more than 100 years old
379:, others trace the ritual to the Persian New Year, and scholars have surveyed other theories in their works. Some scholars have defended the story as real history, but the attempt to find a historical kernel to the narrative "is likely to be futile".
834:
gods Humman and Mashti, a
Babylonian origin for Purim has been popular. Though scholars like Jensen, Zimmem, Hugo Winckler, Bruno Meissner and others have each picked a different Babylonian myth or festival as the prototype for Purim, namely, the
314:
empire, and won the king's permission to carry out his plan. Mordecai communicated Haman's scheme to Queen Esther, who used her favor with the king to reverse the scheme, leading the king to authorize Jews to kill their enemies, which they did.
493:
king of Judah". The wording of the passage lends to two conclusions: either that
Mordecai (the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish) was carried into exile by Nebuchadnezzar, or that his ancestor Kish was the one carried into exile.
871:
a Jew of the tribe of
Benjamin, named Mordecai son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, who has been carried into exile from Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, among those taken captive with Jeconiah king of
371:. There are wide-ranging theories regarding the origin of Purim: one popular theory says festival has its origins in a historicized Babylonian myth or ritual in which Mordecai and Esther represent the Babylonian gods
355:
is a novella rather than history. Persian kings did not marry outside of seven
Persian noble families, making it unlikely that there was a Jewish queen Esther, and in any case the historical Xerxes's queen was
522:
2038:
851:
Feast, respectively, they all agreed in seeing Esther as a historicized myth or ritual. More recently, however, a
Persian origin for Purim has been gaining support among scholars.
569:
This traditional genealogy implicates Kish as the name of an ancient ancestor and not simply
Mordecai's great-grandfather, meaning that Esther 2:5—6 was interpreted as
363:
There is general agreement that the story was created to justify the Jewish appropriation of an originally non-Jewish feast. The festival which the book explains is
779:
310:
themselves before Haman, Mordecai refused to do so. Haman, stung by
Mordecai's refusal, resolved to kill not only Mordecai but all Jewish exiles throughout the
514:). However, the verse may be read as referring not to Mordecai's exile to Babylon, but to his great-grandfather Kish's exile — a reading which many accept.
2031:
534:
gives his genealogy in more detail, as follows: "Mordecai, son of Jair, son of Shimei, son of Shemida, son of Ba'anah, son of Elah, son of Micah, son of
1513:
1820:
2614:
2047:
2024:
1424:
1352:
1327:
1281:
1260:
1235:
481:
Esther 2:5-6 contains a short snippet of Mordecai's genealogical history, generally translated as, "Mordecai, the son of Jair, the son of
1404:
404:
1302:
1107:
1533:
1271:
37:
2624:
1452:
1210:
2644:
2539:
2352:
2331:
1855:
1740:
340:
335:
245:
1482:
2619:
2396:
2144:
1865:
1787:
1745:
1506:
563:
475:
351:
Although the details of the setting are entirely plausible and the story may even have some basis in actual events, the
210:, which commemorates his victory. However, since the 1890s, some academics have suggested that Purim originated from a
2078:
2639:
2469:
2427:
1813:
1319:
573:
being the one who was exiled to Babylon. The chronological inconsistencies of this assumption are detailed above.
861:
31:
2347:
2214:
1766:
430:
names in sequence). Hoschander interpreted this as the Babylonian "Marduk-belshunu" (𒀭𒀫𒌓𒂗𒋗𒉡, AMAR.UTU-EN-
1861:
1771:
1653:
1499:
194:(Xerxes I). Mordecai's loyalty and bravery are highlighted in the story as he helps Esther foil the plot of
2557:
2451:
2304:
471:
2629:
2465:
2364:
1806:
147:
2254:
1944:
290:
1469:
175:
2259:
2094:
2090:
1881:
1643:
1391:
840:
511:
293:
306:
had been raised to the highest position at court. In spite of the king's decree that all should
250:
2016:
608:
Mordecai's genealogy in the second chapter of the Book of Esther is given as a descendant of a
2568:
2502:
1730:
1612:
1448:
1420:
1383:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1323:
1298:
1277:
1256:
1231:
1221:
1206:
1061:
609:
539:
486:
266:
215:
179:
1292:
1246:
2234:
1412:
1375:
396:
58:
1416:
616:, another Benjaminite, the Talmud accords Mordecai the status of a descendant of the first
2634:
2515:
2402:
2160:
1972:
617:
482:
299:
162:
119:
1443:
White Crawford, Sidnie (2003). "Esther". In Walter J. Harrison and Donald Senior (ed.).
225:, noting the lack of overt religious elements in the story, with a hypothesis that “The
2563:
2382:
2377:
2284:
2274:
1909:
1846:
1704:
1522:
1252:
1227:
836:
526:
The tablet of Mordechai's ancestry in the tomb traditionally ascribed to him and Esther
460:
450:
352:
311:
226:
167:
45:
2608:
2319:
2229:
2062:
1914:
1725:
1720:
559:
203:
132:
884:
2592:
1929:
1735:
634:
543:
535:
531:
403:), attested as the name of up to four Persian court officials in thirty texts (the
387:
The name "Mordecai" is of uncertain origin but is considered identical to the name
171:
1313:
1073:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1982:
1761:
1445:
The New Interpreters Study Bible New Revised Standard Version with the Apocrypha
1179:
601:, but this argument is rejected by consensus and certain interpretations of the
594:
498:
307:
296:
to assassinate the king. Because of Mordecai's vigilance, the plot was foiled.
2178:
502:
463:
versions of the Persian names in the Bible are known to be the most reliable.
443:
262:
1387:
2442:
2417:
1952:
1876:
1638:
1586:
774:
547:
507:
282:
211:
191:
183:
1203:
A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in Its Context
2551:
2412:
2337:
2294:
2249:
2165:
1990:
1967:
1957:
1602:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1155:
1131:
551:
506:
during the events described in the Book of Esther (assuming the biblical
490:
408:
357:
222:
17:
2585:
2432:
2387:
2342:
2299:
2289:
2244:
2219:
2208:
2192:
2102:
1694:
1663:
1633:
1395:
1363:
831:
598:
590:
320:
303:
319:
and eventually made Mordecai his chief advisor. Haman was executed on
2535:
2458:
2422:
2327:
2309:
2279:
2269:
2264:
2224:
2202:
2197:
2187:
2155:
1962:
1934:
1891:
1886:
1851:
1678:
1673:
1648:
848:
844:
827:
823:
819:
629:
602:
586:
582:
485:, the son of Kish, who had been carried into exile from Jerusalem by
439:
415:
376:
372:
286:
278:
274:
234:
199:
187:
1379:
1364:"The Persian Names in Esther and the Reliability of the Hebrew Text"
562:." The same genealogy is inscribed on a massive metal tablet in the
1798:
426:" (which occurs in Ezra 2:2 and Nehemiah 7:7, albeit likely as two
277:), whom he brought up as if she were his own daughter. When "young
2495:
2407:
2392:
2372:
2239:
2150:
2140:
2131:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2068:
1924:
1919:
1829:
1699:
1658:
1607:
1530:
811:
555:
521:
470:
364:
334:
324:
244:
207:
195:
36:
1491:
2546:
2521:
2509:
2488:
2073:
1617:
868:
613:
367:, which is explained as meaning "lot", from the Babylonian word
270:
258:
230:
218:
2020:
1802:
1495:
612:
named Kish. As "Kish" was also the name of the father of King
2591:‡ indicates persons whose status as prophets is exclusive to
459:, which may better preserve the original vowels, though the
88:
67:
106:
103:
79:
273:). He adopted his orphaned cousin (Esther 2:7), Hadassah (
289:. Subsequently, Mordecai discovered a plot of the king's
94:
73:
1028:
1026:
956:
954:
449:
In the King James Version of the deuterocanonical Greek
281:" were sought, she was taken into the presence of King
1273:
An Introduction to the Old Testament Historical Books
885:"Esther, Ch. 2, translation by Rabbi A. J. Rosenberg"
597:
have suggested that Mordecai is the Biblical prophet
100:
76:
1058:
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Volume II
285:
and was made queen in the place of the exiled queen
154:
139:
91:
70:
2480:
2441:
2363:
2318:
2174:
2126:
2089:
2054:
1981:
1943:
1900:
1839:
1780:
1754:
1713:
1687:
1626:
1595:
1529:
1407:. In Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael D. (eds.).
1315:
The Book of Esther between Judaism and Christianity
1294:
Historical Fictions and Hellenistic Jewish Identity
1097:
Edinburgh, 1888, pp 298-299, retrieved Oct 25, 2017
206:. His story is celebrated in the Jewish holiday of
97:
85:
64:
61:
1075:Bible Exposition Commentary: Old Testament History
814:, when Heinrich Zimmern and Peter Jensen equated
489:king of Babylon, among those taken captive with
190:, who became queen of Persia under the reign of
186:. Mordecai was also the cousin and guardian of
1044:
323:that he had set up for Mordecai. The feast of
2032:
1814:
1507:
422:64b and 65a) relates that his full name was "
8:
2048:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament
1223:Character and Ideology in the Book of Esther
780:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
339:Mordecai is honored in this 1860 woodcut by
124:
2039:
2025:
2017:
1821:
1807:
1799:
1514:
1500:
1492:
166:) is one of the main personalities in the
933:
674:Textual variants indicated in appendices
442:is their lord") "Mordecai" being thus a
1008:
960:
767:
658:Sometimes rendered in Modern Hebrew as
651:
327:celebrates these reversals of fortune.
1032:
996:
984:
972:
945:
909:
1205:. New York: Oxford University Press.
897:
839:, the Babylonian Creation Story, the
546:, son of Abiel, son of Zeror, son of
161:
7:
1417:10.1093/acref/9780195046458.001.0001
818:and Esther with the Babylonian gods
558:the firstborn, whose name is called
1245:Hahn, Scott; Mitch, Curtis (2019).
1108:"The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon"
1056:Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (Ed.) (1982)
921:
125:
123:
1297:. University of California Press.
405:Persepolis Administrative Archives
25:
2584:indicate persons whose status as
1409:The Oxford Companion to the Bible
1060:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
593:. Some talmudic scholars such as
178:as being the son of Jair, of the
1020:Dake's Annotated Reference Bible
867:Now there was in the citadel of
794:Tanna D'bei Eliyahu Rabba ch. 11
57:
1368:Journal of Biblical Literature
1201:Coogan, Michael David (2009).
1062:p. 159 (entry: Book of Esther)
1:
1741:Esther in rabbinic literature
1447:. Nashville: Abingdon Press.
1270:Howard, David M. Jr. (2007).
341:Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld
2615:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible
2588:is not universally accepted.
1788:Tomb of Esther and Mordechai
1746:Haman in rabbinic literature
1479:and in Rabbinical literature
1337:Macchi, Jean-Daniel (2019).
564:Tomb of Esther and Mordechai
476:Tomb of Esther and Mordechai
1411:. Oxford University Press.
1291:Johnson, Sara Raup (2005).
1180:"Esther's Echo to the Past"
860:Esther 2:5–6 of the Bible (
261:(Shushan or Shoushan), the
249:Esther before Ahasuerus by
155:
140:
2661:
1320:Cambridge University Press
1072:Wiersbe, Warren W. (2004)
400:
29:
2577:
1403:Tucker, Gene M. (2004) .
1248:Tobit, Judith, and Esther
862:New International Version
659:
453:, his name is spelled as
32:Mordecai (disambiguation)
1434:Moore, Carey A. (1971).
1220:Fox, Michael V. (2010).
806:Moore, Carey A. (1971).
1362:Millard, A. R. (1977).
1087:Halley's Bible Handbook
411:and his father Darius.
42:The Triumph of Mordecai
2540:in rabbinic literature
2470:in rabbinic literature
2397:in rabbinic literature
2353:in rabbinic literature
2332:in rabbinic literature
2305:Zechariah ben Jehoiada
2145:in rabbinic literature
2079:in rabbinic literature
1866:in rabbinic literature
1856:in rabbinic literature
1438:. New York: Doubleday.
1312:Kalimi, Isaac (2023).
1078:, David C Cook p. 712
542:, son of Saul, son of
527:
478:
343:
254:
49:
2625:Book of Esther people
1405:"Esther, The Book of"
934:Hahn & Mitch 2019
525:
474:
407:) from the period of
338:
248:
202:, to exterminate the
174:. He is described in
40:
2645:Mesopotamian Hebrews
1488:Mordecai in Kabbalah
1276:. Moody Publishers.
257:Mordecai resided in
30:For other uses, see
2620:Hebrew Bible people
2300:Eliezer ben Dodavah
1471:Jewish Encyclopedia
1047:, pp. 689–690.
1045:White Crawford 2003
1011:, pp. 481–488.
999:, pp. 111–112.
924:, pp. 131–140.
451:additions to Esther
176:Tanna Devei Eliyahu
163:[moʁdeˈχaj]
2128:Israelite prophets
1882:Bigthan and Teresh
1644:Bigthan and Teresh
528:
479:
344:
294:Bigthan and Teresh
255:
229:is a historicized
182:and member of the
50:
2640:Tribe of Benjamin
2602:
2601:
2014:
2013:
1920:Purim HaMeshulash
1796:
1795:
1731:Megillah (Talmud)
1484:Modesty and Myrrh
1426:978-0-19-504645-8
1354:978-3-170-31028-5
1345:Kohlhammer Verlag
1329:978-1-009-26609-3
1283:978-1-57567-447-6
1262:978-1-621-64185-8
1237:978-1-608-99495-3
900:, pp. 36–37.
595:Nachman b. Yaakov
424:Mordechai Bilshan
180:tribe of Benjamin
151:
136:
16:(Redirected from
2652:
2176:Mentioned in the
2041:
2034:
2027:
2018:
1833:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1800:
1767:Oxyrhynchus 4443
1516:
1509:
1502:
1493:
1458:
1439:
1430:
1399:
1358:
1333:
1308:
1287:
1266:
1241:
1226:(2nd ed.).
1216:
1188:
1187:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1156:"Megillah 15a:4"
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1132:"Megillah 14b:9"
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1104:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1070:
1064:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
888:
881:
875:
858:
852:
826:, and Haman and
804:
798:
797:
790:
784:
772:
756:
753:
747:
744:
738:
735:
729:
726:
720:
717:
711:
708:
702:
699:
693:
690:
684:
681:
675:
672:
666:
661:
656:
402:
241:Biblical account
165:
158:
146:
143:
131:
129:
128:
127:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
69:
66:
63:
21:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2573:
2476:
2437:
2359:
2314:
2181:
2179:Former Prophets
2177:
2170:
2161:Eldad and Medad
2134:
2129:
2122:
2085:
2055:Pre-Patriarchal
2050:
2045:
2015:
2010:
1977:
1973:Mishloach manot
1939:
1902:
1896:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1797:
1792:
1776:
1772:Palau-Ribes 163
1750:
1709:
1683:
1622:
1591:
1525:
1520:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1442:
1433:
1427:
1402:
1380:10.2307/3265987
1361:
1355:
1336:
1330:
1311:
1305:
1290:
1284:
1269:
1263:
1244:
1238:
1219:
1213:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1162:
1160:www.sefaria.org
1154:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1136:www.sefaria.org
1130:
1129:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1071:
1067:
1055:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1003:
995:
991:
983:
979:
971:
967:
959:
952:
944:
940:
932:
928:
920:
916:
908:
904:
896:
892:
883:
882:
878:
859:
855:
805:
801:
792:
791:
787:
773:
769:
765:
760:
759:
754:
750:
745:
741:
736:
732:
727:
723:
718:
714:
709:
705:
700:
696:
691:
687:
682:
678:
673:
669:
657:
653:
648:
643:
626:
579:
520:
469:
385:
349:
333:
243:
84:
60:
56:
35:
28:
27:Biblical figure
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2658:
2656:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2607:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2462:
2455:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2137:
2135:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2066:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1979:
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1163:. Retrieved
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1115:. Retrieved
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1009:Millard 1977
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2006:Purim rabbi
2001:Purim Torah
1996:Purim spiel
1983:Purim humor
1945:Purim foods
1925:Purim Katan
1903:observances
1762:Papyrus 967
1755:Manuscripts
1112:cal.huc.edu
1033:Coogan 2009
997:Kalimi 2023
985:Howard 2007
973:Kalimi 2023
946:Macchi 2019
910:Tucker 2004
610:Benjaminite
499:Pentecostal
438:, meaning "
2609:Categories
2095:Matriarchs
2091:Patriarchs
1840:Background
1832:(פּוּרִים)
1454:0687278325
1212:0195332725
1165:2021-02-16
1141:2021-02-16
1117:2021-03-01
898:Moore 1971
775:"Mordecai"
660:מָרְדְּכַי
641:References
510:is indeed
503:Finis Dake
456:Mardocheus
444:hypocorism
263:metropolis
212:Babylonian
126:מָרְדֳּכַי
2428:Zechariah
2418:Zephaniah
1953:Hamantash
1901:Religious
1877:Ahasuerus
1639:Ahasuerus
1388:0021-9231
830:with the
763:Citations
737:Yekhobaal
701:Shacharit
683:Shamyadah
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548:Bechorath
538:, son of
518:Genealogy
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501:minister
308:prostrate
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18:Mordekhai
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2260:Shemaiah
2250:Jeduthun
2166:Phinehas
1991:Adloyada
1968:Kreplach
1958:Fazuelos
1872:Mordecai
1714:Analysis
1669:Mordecai
1603:Ethiopia
1542:Esther 1
1534:chapters
922:Fox 2010
816:Mordecai
746:Merimoth
664:Mŏrdəḵay
662:
624:See also
571:Mordecai
552:Benjamin
540:Jonathan
512:Xerxes I
491:Jeconiah
428:separate
420:Menachot
409:Xerxes I
358:Amestris
223:festival
156:Mārdoḵay
148:Tiberian
141:Mŏrdoḵay
53:Mordecai
2582:Italics
2569:Azariah
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2468: (
2443:Noahide
2433:Malachi
2395: (
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2343:Ezekiel
2330: (
2290:Micaiah
2245:Solomon
2220:Abigail
2209:Elkanah
2193:Deborah
2143: (
2130:in the
2103:Abraham
1864: (
1854: (
1695:Agagite
1688:Phrases
1664:Memucan
1634:Abagtha
1396:3265987
1194:Sources
1184:aishcom
832:Elamite
755:Khoshim
710:Shishak
692:Aphrach
599:Malachi
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397:Elamite
393:Marduku
389:Marduka
331:History
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312:Persian
304:Agagite
279:virgins
216:Persian
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160:, IPA:
114:; also
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2536:Esther
2503:Baruch
2459:Balaam
2423:Haggai
2348:Daniel
2328:Isaiah
2310:Huldah
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2235:Nathan
2225:Samuel
2215:Hannah
2203:Samson
2198:Gideon
2188:Joshua
2156:Miriam
1963:Impade
1935:Grager
1892:Zeresh
1887:Vashti
1852:Esther
1679:Zeresh
1674:Vashti
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1627:People
1613:Persia
1596:Places
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824:Ishtar
820:Marduk
808:Esther
719:Petuel
630:Marduk
603:Talmud
587:Esther
585:lists
583:Talmud
560:Israel
483:Shimei
440:Marduk
416:Talmud
401:𒈥𒁺𒋡
377:Ishtar
373:Marduk
287:Vashti
275:Esther
267:Persia
253:, 1815
235:ritual
200:Vizier
188:Esther
152:
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133:Modern
120:Hebrew
48:, 1624
2516:Uriah
2496:Beeri
2481:Other
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2403:Micah
2393:Jonah
2373:Hosea
2365:Minor
2320:Major
2240:David
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2141:Moses
2132:Torah
2118:Sarah
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2108:Isaac
2069:Enoch
1862:Haman
1781:Sites
1700:Purim
1659:Hegai
1654:Haman
1608:India
1531:Bible
1392:JSTOR
812:1890s
728:Piton
646:Notes
589:as a
556:Jacob
365:purim
325:Purim
300:Haman
269:(now
208:Purim
196:Haman
2564:Oded
2558:Ruth
2547:Ezra
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2510:Agur
2489:Amoz
2452:Beor
2383:Amos
2378:Joel
2285:Jehu
2275:Iddo
2074:Noah
2063:Abel
1449:ISBN
1421:ISBN
1384:ISSN
1349:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1299:ISBN
1278:ISBN
1257:ISBN
1232:ISBN
1207:ISBN
869:Susa
822:and
614:Saul
581:The
544:Kish
530:The
497:The
414:The
383:Name
375:and
369:puru
302:the
271:Iran
259:Susa
231:myth
219:myth
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467:Age
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86:m
83:,
77:k
74:ɪ
71:d
65:m
62:ˈ
59:/
55:(
34:.
20:)
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