1657:. Nearby was the fortified guard post. The main gate into the palace was located in the north wall, and was entered through huge doors of decorated iron. Outside the north gate was a long building where courtiers met once a year, a market place, and a sacred crossroads. Just inside the north gate was a courtyard containing religious buildings. On the western side of this courtyard were pavilions surrounded by canals where people bathed. At the south end a gate led to rows of houses set on terraces in which palace servants lived. Another gate led to a third courtyard crowded with houses and a great hall for those waiting to be admitted into the ruler's presence. The king's own quarters, which lay to the east of this courtyard, had pavilions on decorated red brick bases, ornately carved wooden pillars, and a roof decorated with clay ornaments. Outside the palace were quarters for Shiva priests, Buddhists, and other members of the nobility. Further away, and separated from the palace by open fields, were more royal compounds, including that of the chief minister
44:
1147:
2215:"Lourdes Rausa-Gomez cited Sir Stamford Raffles, himself citing the "Traditional History of Java" wherein he said that Manila and Sulu in the Philippines were part of Majapahit, however she doubted the veracity of Stamford Raffles assertion due to the lack of archaeological evidence between Majapahit and the Philippines in her 1967 article. However, that article has been renderred outdated due to the discovery of the Laguna Copperplate Inscription in 1989 which proved links between Java and Manila, which makes her dismissal of the Raffles assertion null and the Raffles assertion feasible."
1003:
1262:
1901:. Particularly for the Shiva–Buddha Deity, Prapanca praises him as "the honoured Illustrious Protector of Mountains, Protector of the protectorless. He is surely, Ruler over the rulers of the world". The Shiva–Buddha Deity is neither Shiva nor Buddha, but the Lord of the Mountains, or the Supreme God of the Realm. This religious belief is indigenous to the
1014:
1640:. On the north side stood a beautiful gate with ornate iron door. To the east is the high stage, with stone-lined floor, white and shiny. In the north, south from the marketplace, full with elongated houses, very beautiful. On the south a road intersection: a soldier hall stood, where they held a meeting every Caitra month."
1636:"The wonders of the city: the red stone walls, thick and high, around the palace. The west gate called Pura Waktra, overlooking a spacious ground, belted with trench. Brahmastana tree with bodhi tree trunk, lining along the square, neatly shaped. That is where the royal guards stay, constantly patrolling and guarding the
1796:
The ceremony lasted for seven days. Colorful pageants crowded the main courtyard. The whole ceremony was performed to please the
Rajapatni's soul in hopes that her favour would shine on the reign of her descendants. The posthumous ceremony continued and the king ordered the repair of the Kamal Pundak
1828:. Prapanca did not shy away to express his admiration, even bordering somewhat a cult, since he often invoked a divine quality of the king and his royal family. Nevertheless, the work seems to be independent of court's patronage since Prapanca wrote them incognito after he retired from the court.
2840:
1056:
1831:
One of the religious practices of the
Majapahit royal family was the "royal walkabout". They visited cornerstones of the empire and paid homage to the ancestors of the king. The poem also describes the death of Hayam Wuruk's most trusted regent,
1207:
expedition to Lombok in 1894 and is credited with saving the valuable manuscripts collection of the Lombok royal library from being burnt in the chaos of the battle. A generation of Dutch scholars participated in translating the poem.
1137:
contains detailed descriptions of the
Majapahit Empire during its greatest extent. The poem affirms the importance of Hindu–Buddhism in the Majapahit empire by describing temples and palaces and several ceremonial observances.
1781:, who had died twelve years earlier. In the canto 63, stanza 4, Prapanca narrated the preparation of the ceremony by the court artisans. During the ceremony, lion thrones were erected, where priests placed a flower
1265:
The extent of
Majapahit according to some sources. But not according to Nagarakretagama, which also included Sunda into the empire, as the entirety of Java was claimed according to canto 42 of the manuscript.
1042:
1653:
The manuscript describes the capital city of
Majapahit. According to the account of Prapanca in the Nagarakretagama poem, the royal compound was surrounded by a thick, high wall of
2636:
Java in the 14th
Century: A Study in Cultural History : The Nāgara-Kĕrtāgama by Rakawi Prapañca of Majapahit, 1365 A.D., Volume II: Notes on the Texts and the Translations
2564:
2684:
Java in the 14th
Century: A Study in Cultural History : The Nāgara-Kĕrtāgama by Rakawi Prapañca of Majapahit, 1365 A.D., Volume IV: Commentaries and Recapitulations
2622:
Java in the 14th
Century: A Study in Cultural History : The Nāgara-Kĕrtāgama by Rakawi Prapañca of Majapahit, 1365 A.D., Volume I: Javanese Texts in Transcription
1035:
2038:. In India, there is no deceased king in the guise of a god; it exists only in Indonesia. Hindu and Buddhist images are intertwined in many old inscriptions and
1282:
borders. This suggested that those areas were within
Majapahit spheres of influence. Prapanca said the states were subsumed by Majapahit or were vassal states.
2708:
Java in the 14th
Century: A Study in Cultural History : The Nāgara-Kĕrtāgama by Rakawi Prapañca of Majapahit, 1365 A.D., Volume V: Glossary, General Index
1843:(the eminent protector of the world). Rajapatni was the progenitor of the Majapahit kingdom, because she was the daughter of Kertanegara, the last king of the
1180:
1163:
1215:
activities directed at enhancing the magical powers of the ruler at the time. The manuscript is written on lontar leaves. It was held in the library of
1028:
2660:
Java in the 14th Century: A Study in Cultural History : The Nāgara-Kĕrtāgama by Rakawi Prapañca of Majapahit, 1365 A.D., Volume III: Translations
43:
2918:
1151:
1278:
have examined the poem for what it reveals about political history. In canto 13 to 14, the poet Prapanca named several states within today's
1146:
2798:
2715:
2691:
2667:
2643:
2399:
2368:
2300:
2281:
2180:
2119:
1851:, the founder of Majapahit. Thus she was seen as the protector of the world. The Queen Grandmother is said in the poem to embody the
2769:
2738:
2547:
2526:
2443:
1839:
The Queen Grandmother Rajapatni had a special place in Prapanca's poem. In one stanza, the poem describes the Queen Grandmother as
2892:
2560:
1691:(embossed coverings) of gold and silver, all of them bestirring themselves the more in their respective customary occupations.
2703:
2679:
2655:
2631:
2617:
1777:
ceremony, performed to honour the soul of a deceased. He described specifically the ceremony for the Queen Grandmother's soul,
2948:
2923:
2145:
2928:
2207:
1238:
989:
969:
1943:
1227:
840:
2868:
2591:
984:
2538:
Guan, Kwa Chong (1998). "1. The Historical Setting". In Maull, Hanns; Segal, Gerald & Wanandi, Jusuf (eds.).
1953:
1789:) symbolising the soul of the Queen Grandmother. The descent of the soul to earth and its final placement in the
1189:
2226:
1929:). When Kertanegara was deified as Shiva–Buddha, he symbolised the collective powers of the God of the Realm.
1270:
1194:
85:
875:
2943:
845:
78:
979:
29:
835:
35:
1687:(all kinds of tower-like structures) and figures and things of that kind. Took part also the smiths of
2561:""Negarakertagama Diakui sebagai Memori Dunia" (Negarakertagama acknowledged the Memory of the World)"
2933:
2455:
Day, Tony; Reynolds, Craig J. (2000). "Cosmologies, Truth Regimes, and the State in Southeast Asia".
1926:
1350:
1342:
1237:
to the Netherlands, the manuscript was given back to Indonesia. Today, the manuscript is held by the
1116:
1062:
902:
544:
266:
1314:
1250:
825:
1604:
islands, Kai-islands (Ewab Ohoi-Ewur Mas-Il Larvul-Ngabal-istiadat), Wanin (Onin peninsula, today
2938:
2603:
2503:
2472:
1938:
1885:". Upon his death, the poem describes the deification of Kertanegara in three forms: a splendid
1799:
1716:
1704:
1416:
1306:
974:
880:
772:
641:
171:
63:
2873:
Java in the 14th Century: A Study in Cultural History, Volume I: Javanese Texts in Transcription
2710:. Illustrated by Professor Th. P. Galestin (3rd revised ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
2686:. Illustrated by Professor Th. P. Galestin (3rd revised ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
2662:. Illustrated by Professor Th. P. Galestin (3rd revised ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
2638:. Illustrated by Professor Th. P. Galestin (3rd revised ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
2624:. Illustrated by Professor Th. P. Galestin (3rd revised ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
2333:
2883:
A Complete Transcription of Majapahit Royal Manuscript of Nagarakertagama from Jejak Nusantara
2875:(3rd (revised) ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff and Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas (1960).
2794:
2765:
2734:
2711:
2687:
2663:
2639:
2543:
2522:
2439:
2429:
2248:
1778:
1216:
1159:
917:
2913:
2786:
2595:
2495:
2464:
2238:
1964:
1948:
1921:
1585:
1428:
1381:
1112:
1018:
1007:
855:
850:
369:
196:
2896:
2582:
Malkiel-Jirmounsky, Myron (1939). "The Study of The Artistic Antiquities of Dutch India".
2011:, symbolising the unity of the two gods, the unity of the kingdom, and the oneness of the
1902:
1890:
1613:
1609:
1577:
1569:
1553:
1442:
1105:
934:
912:
574:
559:
484:
276:
251:
68:
1824:, a genre of Old Javanese literature of adoration and reverence, directed mainly to King
2882:
1860:
1805:
1605:
1601:
1466:
1436:
1404:
1393:
1318:
1185:
830:
73:
2907:
2476:
1593:
1420:
1354:
1330:
870:
683:
599:
524:
474:
414:
296:
133:
1671:
all the multitude of the artisans there, making plaited bamboo-work, fashioning the
2517:
Ernawati, Wahyu (2007). ter Keurs, Pieter (ed.). "Colonial collections Revisited".
1848:
1597:
1549:
1541:
1521:
1490:
1482:
1424:
1378:
1310:
1298:
1126:
1094:
820:
792:
494:
489:
354:
186:
103:
2871:
from University of Hamburg, adapted from Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas (1960).
1715:. After the visit, he went to Kagenengan to perform worship to the founder of the
2887:
2728:
2433:
2757:
1886:
1825:
1712:
1589:
1513:
1389:
1326:
1302:
1200:
1171:
1101:
907:
865:
777:
739:
636:
614:
549:
529:
509:
479:
434:
384:
364:
349:
344:
206:
181:
176:
2877:
Java in the 14th Century: A Study in Cultural History, Volume III: Translations
1261:
138:
2811:
2790:
2468:
1970:
1833:
1658:
1450:
1338:
1275:
1188:-Cakranagara in Lombok. The first Western scholar to study the manuscript was
1175:
1055:
594:
569:
454:
449:
389:
374:
291:
281:
211:
113:
108:
2252:
2227:"SEJARAH RAT SRAN RAJA KOMISI KAIMANA (History of Rat Sran King of Kaimana)"
1995:
1975:
1654:
1501:
1478:
1470:
1458:
1346:
1294:
1279:
1130:
892:
860:
787:
782:
767:
579:
554:
539:
464:
409:
404:
379:
271:
261:
231:
201:
2243:
1703:
In the poem, Prapanca recounted Hayam Wuruk's religious observances in the
1253:- Regional Register for Asia/Pacific", and finally registered it in 2013.
2031:
2027:
1910:
1906:
1875:
1864:
1744:(amphidromy); they were (only considered) complete at the arrival of the
1720:
1629:
1561:
1509:
1454:
671:
631:
534:
499:
399:
394:
334:
256:
216:
166:
123:
1289:
are mentioned, some of which possibly correspond to contemporary areas:
2785:. Bibliotheca Indonesica. Vol. 1. The Hague: Nijhoff. p. 80.
2730:
Kakawin dēśa warṇnana, uthawi, Nāgara kṛtāgama: masa keemasan Majapahit
2607:
2507:
1958:
1408:
1366:
1286:
1234:
1211:
Much of its historical value was due to its having been the product of
1121:
951:
939:
897:
749:
666:
661:
651:
589:
504:
439:
324:
236:
221:
156:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2013:
2000:
1915:
1898:
1880:
1782:
1573:
1557:
1545:
1537:
1497:
1474:
1446:
1412:
1400:
1385:
1374:
1362:
1358:
1322:
1242:
1212:
1167:
1097:
744:
711:
706:
701:
678:
656:
619:
609:
519:
514:
459:
359:
339:
301:
226:
191:
128:
118:
2599:
2499:
2035:
2008:
2004:
1894:
1728:
At the waxing moon, on the twelfth night, they invited there that
1617:
1581:
1565:
1529:
1517:
1486:
1462:
1432:
1370:
1334:
1290:
1145:
1054:
797:
734:
729:
646:
604:
584:
564:
469:
429:
424:
419:
286:
246:
241:
1373:. Also listed are the states of Tanjungnegara (believed to be on
1533:
1525:
1505:
1204:
1108:
929:
444:
329:
161:
58:
2521:. 152. 8: The Lombok Treasure (36). Leiden: CNWS : 186–203.
2146:"Gevonden in Delpher - De tijd : dagblad voor Nederland"
1219:
in the Netherlands, with inventory code number L Or 5.023.
2003:, is a posthumous image of Kertanegara. The image is half
1878:, described as "submissive at the Feet of the Illustrious
2841:"Nāgarakrĕtāgama or Description of the Country (1365 AD)"
2542:. Esrc Pacific Asia Programme. Routledge. pp. 1–10.
2486:
Dowling, Nancy (1992). "The Javanization of Indian Art".
2733:(in Indonesian). Penerbit Buku Kompas. pp. 96–102.
2271:
2269:
1756:(concentration); in the night was performed the eminent
1164:
military expedition against the Cakranegara royal house
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
1707:, in which he entered the sanctuary and performed the
1512:, Sapi (Sape town, east end of Sumbawa island, by the
1222:
After its translation in the early 20th century, the
2077:
1679:(main court-yard), setting aside those who carved
2879:(3rd (revised) ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
2519:Mededelingen van het Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde
2231:Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Papua Dan Papua Barat
1154:collections on Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan, Jakarta
1740:(fire offering) worship, on the other hand also
1241:, with inventory code number NB 9. In May 2008,
1726:
1669:
1634:
1496:Also in Canto 14 are territories east of Java:
1403:(and Philippines) are mentioned: Kadandangan,
1353:are noted in the west, together with Samudra (
1233:In 1970, during the state visit of President
1036:
8:
1803:) for the Queen Grandmother, deified as the
1226:became an inspiration and foundation of the
2381:
2350:
2101:
1905:who combined the Deities of two religions,
1748:(soul) again (on earth). The honoured holy
2398:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPigeaud1960 (
2367:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPigeaud1960 (
2299:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPigeaud1960 (
2280:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPigeaud1960 (
1043:
1029:
20:
2494:(Oct). Perspectives on Bali pp. 117–138.
2242:
2179:sfn error: no target: CITEREFUNESCO2013 (
1736:(sacred texts) recital was performed and
1184:, war booty from the destroyed palace of
2089:
1913:, into the same God, the oneness of the
1260:
1152:Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia
2885:, adapted from Muljana, Slamet (1979).
2783:Arjunawiwaha: A Kakawin of Mpu Tantular
2435:The Indianized states of Southeast Asia
2393:
2362:
2320:
2294:
2275:
2118:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHall1965 (
2053:
2026:Note that Shiva-Buddha is a mixture of
1986:
28:
24:This article is a part of the series on
2563:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kompas.com.
2412:
2174:
2162:
1847:kingdom, and she was also the wife of
1797:sanctuary to enact a new holy shrine (
2888:Nagarakretagama dan Tafsir Sejarahnya
2762:Problems of Indonesian Historiography
2193:
2060:
1793:were narrated in canto 64, stanza 5.
1305:. Also mentioned are Kandis, Kahwas,
7:
2132:
2113:
314:Mythological and folkloric creatures
2225:Generator, Metatags (3 June 2017).
1752:(flower effigy) was worked on with
1711:ceremony for his great-grandfather
1548:) are already ruled. Bantayan with
1257:Descriptions of the Majapahit realm
1245:recognised the significance of the
2814:(ed.). "Note on Saktism in Java".
2584:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
14:
1552:. Further east are Udamakatraya (
2704:Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas
2680:Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas
2656:Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas
2632:Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas
2618:Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas
2567:from the original on 29 May 2010
1624:Description of Majapahit capital
1228:Indonesian independence movement
1012:
1001:
42:
2919:Precolonial states of Indonesia
2829:Stutterheim, Willem F. (1952).
2810:Stutterheim, Willem F. (1938).
2438:. University of Hawaii Press.
2334:"Indonesia, The Majapahit Era"
1285:In Canto 13, several lands on
1:
1993:Stutterheim believes that an
1773:Prapanca told details of the
1399:In Canto 14 several lands on
1239:National Library of Indonesia
990:List of sacred places in Java
762:Mythical and sacred locations
2831:Het Hindüisme in de Archipel
1944:Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism
2559:Kompas, ELN (24 May 2008).
2540:Europe and the Asia-Pacific
2208:"Sri Yijava and Madjapahit"
1540:. Together with prosperous
1536:island). Gurun island, and
841:Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain
2965:
2592:Harvard-Yenching Institute
2034:; no such image exists in
1999:sculpture, now located in
1863:(the Goddess of Wisdom in
1627:
1268:
985:List of Indonesian deities
98:Traditional folk religions
2891:. Bhratara Karya Aksara.
2791:10.1007/978-94-017-4963-3
2469:10.1017/S0026749X00003589
2063:, pp. 187, 198, 240.
1954:Javanese historical texts
1544:(central, north and east
1407:, Samadang, Tirem, Sedu (
975:Indonesian folk religions
2781:Supomo, S., ed. (1977).
1813:Characters and practices
1271:Territories of Majapahit
1178:as part of the valuable
2727:Riana, I Ketut (2009).
2102:Day & Reynolds 2000
2078:Malkiel-Jirmounsky 1939
1919:, as is written in the
1841:chattra ning rat wisesa
1646:Canto 8, stanza 1 and 2
846:Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai
79:Ghosts in Malay culture
2869:A complete translation
2244:10.24832/papua.v6i1.45
1762:
1693:
1665:Accounts of ceremonies
1642:
1560:). Also mentioned are
1266:
1155:
1066:
980:Javanese sacred places
724:Rituals and traditions
2949:Buddhism in Indonesia
2924:Hinduism in Indonesia
2206:Lourdes Rausa-Gomez.
2042:(temples or shrines).
1683:(carriers) for food,
1675:(lion-throne) in the
1608:, West Papua), Sran (
1493:), and Kanjapiniran.
1264:
1203:. He accompanied the
1149:
1115:. It was written on
1058:
876:Kakawin Bhāratayuddha
836:Hikayat Bayan Budiman
2929:Hinduism in Malaysia
2457:Modern Asian Studies
1927:Bhinneka Tunggal Ika
1760:(placing) ceremony.
1508:). Gurun and Sukun,
1343:Aceh Tamiang Regency
1063:palm-leaf manuscript
1019:Mythology portal
1008:Indonesia portal
545:Sanghyang Adi Buddha
267:Sanghyang Adi Buddha
53:Cultural mythologies
2845:Memory of The World
2833:. Jakarta: Wolters.
1859:is another name of
1697:Canto 63, stanza 4.
1620:and other islands.
1481:is today), Kelang (
1251:Memory of the World
826:Hikayat Amir Hamzah
16:Old Javanese eulogy
2895:2019-03-28 at the
1939:Candi of Indonesia
1893:, and an imposing
1870:The poem portrays
1766:Canto 64, stanza 5
1717:Singhasari kingdom
1345:), negara Perlak (
1267:
1249:by naming it "The
1156:
1067:
881:Kakawin Hariwangsa
64:Balinese mythology
2800:978-90-247-1936-5
2717:978-94-011-8778-7
2693:978-94-017-7133-7
2669:978-94-011-8772-5
2645:978-94-011-8774-9
2233:(in Indonesian).
2080:, pp. 59–68.
1820:was written as a
1779:Gayatri Rajapatni
1592:. Also Wanda(n) (
1532:). Hutan Kadali (
1504:(part of today's
1477:, Tumasik (where
1445:(and Singapore):
1419:(Manila), Solot (
1217:Leiden University
1170:. That year, the
1160:Dutch East Indies
1150:Nagarakretagama,
1053:
1052:
918:Wawacan Sulanjana
696:Wayang characters
2956:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2834:
2823:
2804:
2775:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2721:
2697:
2673:
2649:
2625:
2611:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2553:
2532:
2511:
2480:
2449:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2391:
2385:
2382:Stutterheim 1952
2379:
2373:
2372:
2360:
2354:
2351:Stutterheim 1938
2348:
2342:
2341:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2305:
2304:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2246:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2043:
2024:
2018:
1991:
1965:Kakawin Sutasoma
1949:Javanese culture
1922:Kakawin Sutasoma
1769:
1705:Candi Singhasari
1699:
1649:
1198:
1113:Majapahit Empire
1081:, also known as
1045:
1038:
1031:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1006:
1005:
1004:
856:Kakawin Sutasoma
851:Kakawin Ramayana
370:Chen Fu Zhen Ren
197:Chen Fu Zhen Ren
86:Molucca Folklore
46:
21:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:(in Indonesian)
2897:Wayback Machine
2864:
2862:Further reading
2859:
2850:
2848:
2839:
2828:
2816:Acta Orientalia
2809:
2801:
2780:
2772:
2756:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2726:
2718:
2702:
2694:
2678:
2670:
2654:
2646:
2630:
2616:
2600:10.2307/2717905
2581:
2570:
2568:
2558:
2550:
2537:
2529:
2516:
2500:10.2307/3351167
2485:
2454:
2446:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2319:
2308:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2274:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2025:
2021:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1935:
1903:Javanese people
1891:Ardhanarishvara
1818:Nagarakretagama
1815:
1771:
1764:
1701:
1695:
1667:
1651:
1644:
1632:
1626:
1440:
1388:, Kota Lingga,
1333:, today around
1325:, Kampe, Haru (
1273:
1259:
1247:Nagarakretagama
1224:Nagarakretagama
1192:
1181:Lombok treasure
1144:
1135:Nagarakretagama
1072:Nagarakretagama
1060:Nagarakretagama
1049:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1002:
1000:
995:
994:
965:
957:
956:
913:Tuhfat al-Nafis
811:
803:
802:
763:
755:
754:
725:
717:
716:
697:
689:
688:
575:Silewe Nazarata
560:Satrio Piningit
485:Nyai Roro Kidul
315:
307:
306:
277:Satrio Piningit
252:Nyai Roro Kidul
152:
144:
143:
99:
91:
90:
69:Batak mythology
54:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2962:
2960:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2944:Buddhist texts
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2880:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2847:. UNESCO. 2013
2836:
2835:
2825:
2824:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2777:
2776:
2771:978-0801404030
2770:
2764:. Cornell UP.
2760:, ed. (1965).
2753:
2752:
2740:978-9797094331
2739:
2723:
2722:
2716:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2675:
2674:
2668:
2651:
2650:
2644:
2627:
2626:
2613:
2612:
2578:
2577:
2555:
2554:
2549:978-0415181778
2548:
2534:
2533:
2528:978-9057891526
2527:
2513:
2512:
2482:
2481:
2451:
2450:
2445:978-0824803681
2444:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2405:
2386:
2374:
2355:
2343:
2325:
2306:
2287:
2265:
2217:
2198:
2186:
2167:
2155:
2150:www.delpher.nl
2137:
2125:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2065:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2019:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1931:
1861:Prajnaparamita
1853:Pramabhagavati
1814:
1811:
1806:Prajnaparamita
1725:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1633:
1628:Main article:
1625:
1622:
1606:Fakfak Regency
1522:Sang Hyang Api
1269:Main article:
1258:
1255:
1190:J.L.A. Brandes
1143:
1142:The manuscript
1140:
1129:in 1365 (1287
1078:Nagarakṛtāgama
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1025:
1022:
1021:
997:
996:
993:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
966:
963:
962:
959:
958:
955:
954:
948:
947:
943:
942:
937:
932:
926:
925:
924:Sacred weapons
921:
920:
915:
910:
905:
903:Śiwarātrikalpa
900:
895:
890:
888:Nagarakṛtāgama
885:
884:
883:
878:
873:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
831:Hikayat Banjar
828:
823:
817:
816:
815:Mythical texts
812:
810:Sacred objects
809:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
753:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
715:
714:
709:
704:
698:
695:
694:
691:
690:
687:
686:
681:
676:
675:
674:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
628:
627:
623:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
321:
320:
316:
313:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
153:
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
100:
97:
96:
93:
92:
89:
88:
83:
82:
81:
74:Malay folklore
71:
66:
61:
55:
52:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2961:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2822:. Brill: 148.
2821:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2742:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2430:Cœdès, George
2427:
2426:
2421:
2414:
2409:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2365:, p. 49.
2364:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2297:, p. 73.
2296:
2291:
2288:
2283:
2278:, p. 74.
2277:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2090:Ernawati 2007
2086:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1987:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1877:
1874:as a staunch
1873:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1673:sthana singha
1664:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1443:Hujung Medini
1438:
1434:
1433:Tanjung Kutei
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1396:, and Lawas.
1395:
1391:
1390:Kota Waringin
1387:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1355:Samudra Pasai
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1331:North Sumatra
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1158:In 1894, the
1153:
1148:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1009:
999:
998:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
961:
960:
953:
950:
949:
945:
944:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
923:
922:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
871:Bharatayuddha
869:
868:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
814:
813:
807:
806:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
759:
758:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
721:
720:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
693:
692:
685:
684:Warak ngendog
682:
680:
677:
673:
670:
669:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
625:
624:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
600:Sundel Bolong
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
525:Putri Tangguk
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
475:Malin Kundang
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
415:Hantu Bongkok
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
318:
317:
311:
310:
303:
300:
298:
297:Warak ngendog
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
148:
147:
140:
137:
135:
134:Sunda Wiwitan
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
101:
95:
94:
87:
84:
80:
77:
76:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
60:
57:
56:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
27:
23:
22:
19:
2886:
2876:
2872:
2849:. Retrieved
2844:
2830:
2819:
2815:
2782:
2761:
2744:. Retrieved
2729:
2707:
2683:
2659:
2635:
2621:
2587:
2583:
2569:. Retrieved
2539:
2518:
2491:
2487:
2460:
2456:
2434:
2408:
2396:, p. 3.
2394:Pigeaud 1960
2389:
2377:
2363:Pigeaud 1960
2358:
2346:
2337:
2328:
2321:Dowling 1992
2295:Pigeaud 1960
2290:
2276:Pigeaud 1960
2256:. Retrieved
2237:(1): 85–92.
2234:
2230:
2220:
2201:
2189:
2170:
2158:
2149:
2140:
2135:, p. 6.
2128:
2109:
2097:
2085:
2056:
2039:
2022:
2012:
1994:
1989:
1963:
1920:
1914:
1879:
1871:
1869:
1856:
1852:
1849:Raden Wijaya
1844:
1840:
1838:
1830:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1774:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1538:Lombok Merah
1530:Seram Island
1495:
1491:Gunung Jerai
1483:Klang Valley
1453:, Saimwang,
1441:And also in
1398:
1351:Padang Lawas
1341:. Tamiyang (
1284:
1274:
1246:
1232:
1223:
1221:
1210:
1179:
1157:
1134:
1127:Mpu Prapanca
1120:
1095:Old Javanese
1089:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1059:
887:
821:Arjunawiwaha
793:Tua Pek Kong
712:Wayang menak
707:Wayang panji
702:Wayang purwa
495:Orang Pendek
490:Orang bunian
355:Batara Sambu
187:Batara Sambu
18:
2934:Hindu texts
2812:Konow, Sten
2758:Soedjatmoko
2463:(1): 1–55.
2413:Supomo 1977
2175:UNESCO 2013
2163:Kompas 2008
1872:Kertanegara
1826:Hayam Wuruk
1822:puja sastra
1713:Kertanegara
1685:bukubukuran
1612:or Kowiai,
1514:Sape Strait
1411:), Barune (
1329:in coastal
1327:Aru Kingdom
1307:Minangkabau
1303:Dharmasraya
1201:philologist
1193: [
1162:launched a
1102:Hayam Wuruk
1090:Deśavarṇana
1084:Desawarnana
908:Smaradahana
866:Mahabharata
740:Jailangkung
637:Babi ngepet
615:Wewe Gombel
550:Sangkuriang
530:Raden Panji
510:Penanggalan
480:Na Tuk Kong
435:Jailangkung
385:Dewi Lanjar
365:Calon Arang
350:Batara Kala
345:Batara Guru
207:Dewi Lanjar
182:Batara Kala
177:Batara Guru
139:Sapta Darma
2908:Categories
2851:5 February
2746:5 February
2571:5 February
2338:Britannica
2194:Riana 2009
2061:Cœdès 1968
2049:References
1845:Singhasari
1834:Gajah Mada
1742:parίshrama
1659:Gajah Mada
1528:. Sheran (
1451:Langkasuka
1427:, Sawaku,
1423:), Pasir,
1415:), Kalka,
1339:Mandailing
1299:Muaro Tebo
1280:Indonesian
1276:Historians
1199:, a Dutch
1176:manuscript
595:Sunan Ambu
570:Setesuyara
455:Kuntilanak
450:Keong Emas
390:Dewi Ratih
375:Damarwulan
292:Sunan Ambu
282:Setesuyara
212:Dewi Ratih
109:Kaharingan
30:Indonesian
2939:Majapahit
2658:(1960c).
2634:(1960b).
2620:(1960a).
2594:: 59–68.
2488:Indonesia
2477:145722369
2253:2580-9237
2133:Guan 1998
2114:Hall 1965
2007:and half
1996:ardhanari
1976:Pararaton
1857:Bhagavati
1758:pratistha
1677:wanguntur
1655:red brick
1596:island),
1572:, Kunir,
1489:, Jerai (
1479:Singapore
1459:Trengganu
1361:, Batan (
1347:Peureulak
1295:Palembang
1174:took the
1131:Saka year
893:Pararaton
861:La Galigo
788:Ratu Boko
783:Prambanan
778:Mt. Tidar
768:Borobudur
580:Si Pitung
555:Saraswati
540:Ratu Adil
410:Hantu Air
405:Hainuwele
380:Dewi Danu
272:Saraswati
262:Ratu Adil
232:Hainuwele
202:Dewi Danu
32:mythology
2893:Archived
2706:(1963).
2682:(1962).
2565:Archived
2432:(1968).
2258:24 April
2032:Hinduism
2028:Buddhism
1933:See also
1911:Buddhism
1907:Hinduism
1876:Buddhist
1865:Mahayana
1732:(soul),
1630:Trowulan
1562:Makassar
1510:Taliwang
1502:Lo Gajah
1498:Badahulu
1455:Kelantan
1429:Tabalung
1417:Saludung
1382:Katingan
1297:, Teba (
1213:priestly
1133:). The
1106:Javanese
1093:, is an
964:See also
946:Funerals
632:Antaboga
500:O Tokata
465:Langsuir
400:Ebu Gogo
395:Dewi Sri
340:Bidadari
335:Aji Saka
217:Dewi Sri
167:Antaboga
124:Parmalim
36:folklore
2914:Kakawin
2608:2717905
2508:3351167
2422:Sources
1971:Kejawèn
1959:Kakawin
1775:sraddha
1638:paseban
1614:Kaimana
1578:Selayar
1570:Banggai
1409:Sarawak
1367:Lampung
1349:), and
1337:), and
1301:), and
1287:Sumatra
1235:Suharto
1186:Mataram
1122:kakawin
1111:of the
952:Tau tau
940:Rencong
898:Pustaha
672:Taksaka
662:Hanoman
626:Animals
590:Suanggi
535:Raksasa
505:Pelesit
440:Jenglot
325:Acintya
257:Raksasa
237:Hanoman
157:Acintya
151:Deities
114:Kejawèn
2797:
2768:
2737:
2714:
2690:
2666:
2642:
2606:
2546:
2525:
2506:
2475:
2442:
2251:
2014:dharma
2001:Berlin
1916:Dharma
1899:Buddha
1881:Shakya
1783:effigy
1721:Rajasa
1689:dadaps
1681:wawans
1602:Maluku
1574:Galiao
1558:Talaud
1554:Sangir
1546:Lombok
1516:) and
1475:Dungun
1447:Pahang
1437:Malano
1425:Barito
1413:Brunei
1401:Borneo
1394:Sambas
1386:Sampit
1379:Kapuas
1375:Borneo
1369:, and
1363:Bintan
1359:Lamuri
1357:) and
1319:Kampar
1243:UNESCO
1168:Lombok
1117:lontar
1098:eulogy
935:Kujang
773:Kraton
750:Ziarah
745:Pawang
679:Rangda
657:Garuda
652:Ganesa
642:Barong
610:Twalen
520:Pocong
515:Petruk
460:Kuyang
360:Brahma
319:Beings
227:Garuda
222:Ganesa
192:Brahma
172:Barong
129:Pemena
119:Marapu
2604:JSTOR
2590:(1).
2504:JSTOR
2473:S2CID
2211:(PDF)
2040:candi
2036:India
2009:Visnu
2005:Shiva
1982:Notes
1925:(see
1895:Shiva
1889:, an
1883:-Lion
1800:candi
1791:puspa
1787:puspa
1750:puspa
1734:sutra
1709:puspa
1618:Timor
1598:Ambon
1594:Banda
1586:Solot
1582:Sumba
1576:with
1566:Buton
1542:Sasak
1518:Dompo
1487:Kedah
1463:Johor
1405:Landa
1371:Barus
1335:Medan
1315:Rokan
1291:Jambi
1197:]
1172:Dutch
1119:as a
970:Hantu
798:Turgo
735:Dukun
730:Bomoh
647:Burak
620:Wisnu
605:Tuyul
565:Semar
430:Ifrit
425:Hudoq
420:Hyang
302:Wisnu
247:Hyang
242:Hudoq
2853:2015
2795:ISBN
2766:ISBN
2748:2015
2735:ISBN
2712:ISBN
2688:ISBN
2664:ISBN
2640:ISBN
2573:2015
2544:ISBN
2523:ISBN
2440:ISBN
2400:help
2369:help
2301:help
2282:help
2260:2021
2249:ISSN
2181:help
2120:help
2030:and
1909:and
1887:Jina
1754:yoga
1746:swah
1738:homa
1730:swah
1610:Sran
1590:Muar
1556:and
1550:Luwu
1534:Buru
1526:Bima
1506:Bali
1500:and
1471:Muar
1467:Paka
1435:and
1421:Sulu
1323:Pane
1321:and
1311:Siak
1205:KNIL
1109:king
1104:, a
1069:The
930:Kris
667:Naga
585:Siwa
470:Leak
330:Agni
287:Siwa
162:Agni
104:Iban
59:Adat
34:and
2787:doi
2596:doi
2496:doi
2465:doi
2239:doi
1867:).
1616:).
1600:or
1485:),
1377:):
1365:),
1166:of
1125:by
1100:to
1087:or
1075:or
445:Jin
2910::
2843:.
2820:17
2818:.
2793:.
2602:.
2586:.
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2490:.
2471:.
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2459:.
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1836:.
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