207:
86:
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and supplied the eastern suburbs of
Baghdad with water, while another, the Nahr Bin, connected Jisr al-Nahrawan with Kalwadha south of Baghdad. Just south of Jisr al-Nahrawan there was another canal, the Diyala canal—the present course of the namesake river—which joined the Tigris some 5 km
286:
crossed the canal. Surviving descriptions record that it was extended on both sides of the canal, each with its own mosques, markets and hostels for travellers and pilgrims. It was abandoned by the 14th century, as the road to
Khurasan was diverted north, through Ba'quba.
198:, infighting among the Seljuks once again meant the neglect of the canal, and its use as a road by their troops compounded the destruction of the network. By Yaqut's time, the canal network had largely silted up and the countryside along them was abandoned.
105:
times. Indeed, it may be that the lower part of the
Nahrawan Canal was originally the lower course of the Diyala. The large-scale canal system of early medieval times however was created in the reign of the Sassanid ruler
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their capital, the canal network was repaired and expanded, reaching its peak in the 9th and early 10th centuries. In
Abbasid times, the region was divided into three tax districts, Upper, Middle and Lower Nahrawan.
546:
170:
writes, "the breach of the
Nahrawan canal was simply the most dramatic example of a widespread phenomenon of the time; and it was symbolic of the end of ‘Abbasid power just as the breach of the
267:, the capital of the Upper Nahrawan district, some 50 km north-northeast of Baghdad. From there, the main canal, now known as the Tamarra, turned south to the towns of Bajisra (originally
77:, while the regions irrigated by it served as the city's main breadbasket. Its destruction and progressive abandonment from the mid-10th century onwards mirror the Abbasid Caliphate's decline.
166:
to
Baghdad by flooding the region in between. The move barely obstructed Bajkam, but succeeded in destroying the agriculture of the region, hitherto the breadbasket of the Abbasid capital. As
304:, divided by the canal in upper and lower towns. From Iskaf, the canal went on for another 100 km amidst a heavily cultivated landscape to rejoin the Tigris at Madharaya, near modern
273:, 'bridge-house') and finally Jisr al-Nahrawan, from where it was known as the Nahrawan proper. From Bajisra a canal, the Nahr al-Khalis, connected the main canal with the Tigris at
556:
238:('the Cut of Khosrau'). During its course, it was joined by three smaller canals taken from the Tigris, the Yahudi ('of the Jews'), the al-Ma'muni, named after Caliph
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Some 20 km south of the inflow of the Abu al-Jund stood the town of Salwa or Bab Salwa (Basalwa), and a little further on the town of
300:), followed by the towns of Jisr Buran/Puran (named after al-Ma'mun's wife), Yarzatiya, 'Abarta, another weir, and the city of
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471:
The Lands of the
Eastern Caliphate: Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia, from the Moslem Conquest to the Time of Timur
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In medieval times, the main canal was divided into three sections, described in detail by al-Hamawi, in his
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restored the canal. Nevertheless, the canal network continued to decline thereafter. As late as 1140, the
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The
Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
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178:". The lower and middle Nahrawan were entirely abandoned for almost 14 years, until the
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In early
Islamic times, the town of Jisr al-Nahrawan in the middle of the canal was the
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249:), and the largest of the three, the Abu al-Jund ('father of the army'), built under
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south of
Baghdad. Jisr al-Nahrawan itself was a wealthy place, as there the
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117:), who also established it as a separate administrative district (
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73:, when it served the main water supply for the Abbasid capital of
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The dry bed of the Nahrawan Canal near Samarra, photographed by
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tried to restore it, but according to the 13th-century scholar
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27:"Nahrawan" redirects here. For the battle fought in 658, see
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69:. Created in the 6th century, it reached its peak under the
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Map of Abbasid-era Iraq, with the Nahrawan Canal marked out
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123:). A treasury and mint were possibly established there.
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The canal was breached in 937/8, during the revolt of
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Buildings and structures completed in the 6th century
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268:
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162:; the latter tried to impede Bajkam's advance from
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220:. The initial feeder canal drawing water from the
290:Below Jisr al-Nahrawan came a large Sasanian-era
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557:Buildings and structures in Diyala Province
512:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
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413:
401:
389:
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138:under Abd Allah ibn Wahb. Under the early
520:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 912–913.
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353:
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130:on 17 July 658 between Rashidun caliph
53:) was a major irrigation system of the
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474:. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc.
97:The first irrigation works along the
57:and early Islamic periods in central
7:
450:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
174:was of the end of the prosperity of
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25:
228:and carrying it to the Diyala at
61:, along the eastern banks of the
567:Iraq under the Abbasid Caliphate
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244:
112:
31:. For the village in Iran, see
128:site of the Battle of Nahrawan
1:
582:History of Diyala Governorate
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65:and the lower course of the
487:Morony, Michael G. (1993).
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142:, and especially under the
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26:
282:connecting Baghdad with
176:pre-Islamic south Arabia
224:at Dur al-Arabaya near
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341:, pp. 912–913.
235:al-katul al-kisrawi
101:were undertaken in
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29:Battle of Nahrawan
552:Irrigation canals
527:978-90-04-09419-2
457:978-0-582-40525-7
380:, pp. 57–58.
368:, pp. 59–60.
302:Iskaf Bani Junayd
71:Abbasid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
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516:Volume VII:
507:Pellat, Ch.
339:Morony 1993
232:was called
541:Categories
312:References
297:Shadhurwan
140:Caliphates
136:Kharijites
577:Khosrow I
240:al-Ma'mun
190:governor
172:Marib Dam
160:Ibn Ra'iq
108:Khosrow I
509:(eds.).
468:(1905).
444:(2004).
158:against
144:Abbasids
134:and the
103:Parthian
55:Sasanian
40:Nahrawan
33:Nahrevan
18:Nahrawan
518:Mif–Naz
480:1044046
435:Sources
275:Baradan
265:Ba'quba
230:Ba'quba
226:Samarra
202:Outline
148:Baghdad
93:in 1909
81:History
75:Baghdad
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505:&
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454:
222:Tigris
192:Bihruz
188:Seljuk
182:under
180:Buyids
156:Bajkam
63:Tigris
47:Arabic
493:. In
164:Wasit
43:Canal
522:ISBN
476:OCLC
452:ISBN
292:weir
59:Iraq
38:The
306:Kut
260:).
132:Ali
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346:^
319:^
308:.
256:r.
245:r.
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