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the natives' language, 'The Ladies' Pool,' since a lady was the first sovereign of this district. When they had got safe through the rocks, they met great waves, and the sea running strong; and moreover it seemed very hazardous to sail seaward of the cliffs. For the next day, however, they sailed with an island on their port beam, so as to break the sea, so close indeed to the beach that one would have conjectured that it was a channel cut between the island and the coast. The entire passage was of some seventy stades. On the beach were many thick trees, and the island was wholly covered with shady forest. About dawn, they sailed outside the island, by a narrow and turbulent passage; for the tide was still falling. And when they had sailed some hundred and twenty stades they anchored in the mouth of the river Arabis. There was a fine large harbour by its mouth; but there was no drinking water; for the mouths of the Arabis were mixed with sea-water. However, after penetrating forty stades inland they found a water-hole, and after drawing water thence they returned back again. By the harbour was a high island, desert, and round it one could get oysters and all kinds of fish. Up to this the country of the
Arabians extends; they are the last Indians settled in this direction; from here on the territory, of the
38:
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by the Greeks. His visit marked the start of
Bahrain's inclusion within the Hellenic world, which culminated in the worship of Zeus (as the Arab sun god, Shams) and Greek being spoken as the language of the upper classes. Bahrain even hosted Greek athletic contests. Nearchus recorded that Bahrain was
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Then making their way through two rocks, so close together that the oar-blades of the ships touched the rocks to port and starboard, they moored at
Morontobara, after sailing some three hundred stades. The harbour is spacious, circular, deep, and calm, but its entrance is narrow. They called it, in
251:
Some of the ships were damaged, and
Nearchus was instructed to remain behind to oversee repairs, before continuing down the river. This perhaps indicates some knowledge of shipbuilding, but he could hardly have been the only one qualified. The voyage down the Indus River lasted from 326 to 325 BCE
578:
The hellenic navy named in 1980 a
Fletcher class destroyer under the name of the navarch (D-65). Later on in 1992 the Hellenic navy named the second C.F Adams destroyer Nearchus ( D-219). In 27 September 2022 the hellenic navy announced that the second FDI frigate will be named Nearchus as well.
228:, providing ample supplies of fir, pine and cedar timber. Initially, the fleet progressed down the Hydaspes much like a triumphal military parade, accompanied by a land-based entourage of the main armed forces of Alexander including cavalry, elephants and loot trains. At the confluence of the
524:
Nearchus had a place in
Alexander's final plans, as he was to be the admiral of the fleet to conquer Arabia, a land Alexander wished to conquer to fortify trade and transportation in the Persian Gulf between Babylon and India. These plans were cut short by the king's
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This work likely consisted of two parts: one detailing India's frontiers, size, population, castes, fauna, flora, cultures and militaries, and the other describing his home-bound voyage toward
Babylon. Nearchus described, according to Arrian, how commodities like
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and resulted in the capture of native Indian towns. By the time the
Macedonians had reached Pattala (modern Bahmanabad in Sindh, Pakistan), Nearchus prepared to lead 17â20,000 men for an expedition into the Persian Gulf, while Alexander continue through the
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Nearchus began by setting out from Patala, although monsoon rains and heavy winds delayed his reaching the
Arabian Sea. To wait out the adverse weather, the Macedonian fleet camped near the mouth of the Indus and
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in 313/2 BC (D 19.69.1); what happened after that is not known, although he probably retired to write his history. Nearchus wrote a history of his voyages together with a description of India entitled
485:), the Bandar-e Shßû promontory, Nùy Band, Kangan, the Mand River, Bûsher, the Dasht-e Palang River, Jazireh-ye Shßf and the Marun River. They finally reached the mouth of the Tigris River in 324 BCE.
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desert. Here they noted that the area was well-cultivated with corn (grain), vines and trees (apart from the olive tree cherished by Greeks). At the
Straits of Hormuz, Nearchus and Onesicritus saw the
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The Voyage of Nearchus from the Indus to the Euphrates: Collected from the Original Journal Preserved by Arrian, and Illustrated by Authorities Ancient and Modern ...
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reign (we must assume after Philip took the city in 357 BC), at which point Nearchus was probably a young boy. He was almost certainly older than Alexander, as were
402:-- 'Fish-Eaters' -- who inhabited the barren coastal region of Makran, between the Arabian Sea and the Gedrosian Desert and found the harbor of Bagisara (modern
386:(one of Alexander's Generals) had defeated the local Oreitans and deposited a food supply from which Nearchus' fleet subsisted. Resupplied, Nearchus reached the
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130:, and the others of the âboyhood friendsâ; so depending on when Androtimus came to Macedonia Nearchus was quite possibly born in Crete. Nearchus, along with
783:
Bucciantini, V. 2017. 'From the Indus to the Pasitigris: Some Remarks on the Periplus of Nearchus in Arrian's Indike.' In C. Antonetti and P. Biagi (eds.),
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was a financial responsibility â that is, Nearchus put up the money for the boats (Heckel, p.229); and there were plenty of other trierarchs in the
473:, a very different degrees of value, some being costly, others less expensive. The use of these is not confined to India, but extends to Arabia."
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was successful in aiding Alexander's conquest of Phoenicia, Egypt and Babylonia. In 328 BC he was relieved of his post and rejoined Alexander in
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469:"That in the island of Tylos, situated in the Persian Gulf, are large plantations of cotton tree, from which are manufactured clothes called
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affair (A 3.6.5; P 10.3). It is not known where the exiles went, but they were recalled only after Philip's death, on Alexander's accession.
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fleet who were not natural-born sailors. Strabo recounts that the Himalayan range of Emodus was close to the construction of the fleet near
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in 334/3 BC (A 3.3.6), one of the earliest of Alexander's satrapal appointments. Nearchus' naval blockade of Persian fleets threatening the
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178:(northern Afghanistan), bringing with him reinforcements (A 4.7.2; C 7.10.4, but does not mention Nearchus himself). After the siege of
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and anchored the fleet at a promontory dedicated to the Sun God, called Bageia. Nearchus continued on to the Persian Gulf at the
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Biagi, P. 2017. 'Uneasy Riders: With Alexander and Nearchus from Pattala to Rhambakia.' In C. Antonetti and P. Biagi (eds.),
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Map showing voyages of Nearchus and the campaigns of Alexander until shortly after acquiring the Persian Empire â from
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in Arabia, but did not venture there. Oman was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire before Alexander's conquest.
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Who's who in the Age of Alexander the Great: Prosopography of Alexander's Empire By Waldemar Heckel Page 171
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Rivers, building stone walls as fortification against hostile natives and subsisting off of briny water,
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508:(A 7.4.6), and received a crown as recognition of his exertions (A 7.5.6). He then took the fleet up to
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https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/09/hellenic-navy-reveals-the-names-of-its-fdi-hn-frigates/
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In the next stage of the expedition, Nearchus and his fleet sheltered first at Colta, then Calima (
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After their recall, these men were held in the highest honour. Nearchus was appointed as
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In 326 BC, Nearchus was made admiral of the fleet that Alexander had constructed at the
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James, D. 2020. 'Nearchus, Guides, and Place Names on Alexanderâs Expedition: Arrianâs
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fabrics and textiles were cultivated, manufactured and traded in the Indus Valley.
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398:) and destroyed the native population. Nearchus had arrived at the country of the
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in Southern Iran, meeting up with Alexander after the latter's crossing of the
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Nearchus remained in command of the fleet for the voyage from the Indus to the
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Cf.Davaras, Costis. (1989). ÎÎαÏÏÎżÏ áœ ÎÎŹÏÎčÎżÏ, Amaltheia 20, pp. 233â240.
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During the voyage, Nearchus was reputedly the first Greek commander to visit
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In the initial arguments over the rule of the empire Nearchus supported
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4th-century BCE Greek military commander, admiral of Alexander the Great
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With Alexander in India and Central Asia: Moving East and Back to West
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With Alexander in India and Central Asia: Moving East and Back to West
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Sofman, A. S., and D. I. Tsibukidi. 1987. 'Nearchus and Alexander',
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wrote that Nearchus founded the town of Arbis during his voyage.
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The Macedonians visited many ports in the Persian Gulf such as
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and other later authors. An account of his voyage is given in
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Son of Parmenion, d. 330 BC; to be distinguished from
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Son of Parmenion, d. 330 BC; to be distinguished from
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Nearchus the Cretan and the Foundation of Cretopolis
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Coast of the Makran region in Balochistan, Pakistan.
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232:and Indus Rivers, Alexander founded a city called
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30:"Nearchos" redirects here. For other uses, see
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433:. After many adventures, Nearchus arrived in
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857:https://hellasarmy.gr/hn_unit.php?id=D219
716:Pliny the Elder, Natural History, §6.26.1
465:a prosperous commercial island, stating:
762:Badian, E. 1975. 'Nearchus the Cretan',
425:and gardens. They ransacked the city of
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652:T. Cadell, jun. and W. Davies. p.
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92:Indian campaign of Alexander the Great
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1827:Geographers of Alexander the Great
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154:Conquests of Alexander the Great
1832:Admirals of Alexander the Great
86:and ending at the mouth of the
1805:Satrap at Partition of Babylon
816:translated by E. Iliff Robson.
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452:Hellenistic stele from Bahrain
195:A History of the Ancient World
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780:(Oxbow: Oxford), 255-278.
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66:â 300 BC) was one of the
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700:. Retrieved
696:the original
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621:. Retrieved
617:the original
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490:Tigris River
487:
476:
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413:), Carnine (
408:
400:Icthyophagoi
388:Hingol River
381:
331:
297:
290:
286:
276:
269:Persian Gulf
266:
250:
211:
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194:
157:
102:A native of
101:
88:Tigris River
84:Persian Gulf
70:officers, a
48:
44:
43:
1701:Amphimachus
1664:Polyperchon
1616:Neoptolemus
1571:Hephaestion
1455:Mesopotamia
1418:Paphlagonia
1300:Scythaeus (
1204:Mesopotamia
1202:Arcesilas (
1183:Neoptolemus
1157:Paphlagonia
1030:(to 323 BC)
1024:(to 323 BC)
1018:(to 323 BC)
1006:(to 330 BC)
1000:(to 324 BC)
998:Hephaestion
994:(to 323 BC)
988:(to 333 BC)
982:(to 323 BC)
976:(to 331 BC)
970:(to 333 BC)
964:(to 332 BC)
958:(to 323 BC)
753:, xiii. 4.
396:Balochistan
351:Morontobara
299:Geographica
283:Onesicritus
240:(father of
120:Philip II's
80:Indus River
1821:Categories
1787:Tlepolemus
1766:Philoxenus
1596:Lysimachus
1471:Tlepolemus
1414:Cappadocia
1400:Philoxenus
1352:Arrhidaeus
1342:Lysimachus
1252:(Pelasgia)
1220:Tlepolemus
1153:Cappadocia
1075:Lysimachus
980:Lysimachus
956:Aristonous
847:livius.org
814:The Indica
702:2020-03-26
677:2020-04-26
623:2020-03-26
583:References
542:Antigonus'
520:Later life
427:Chah-Bahar
423:date-palms
347:razor-fish
218:trierarchy
210:(A 6.2.3;
172:Aegean Sea
112:Amphipolis
98:Early life
64: 360
1783:Stasander
1774:Sibyrtius
1770:Scythaeus
1748:Peucestas
1709:Arcesilas
1669:Antigenes
1606:Leonnatus
1591:Antigonus
1566:Perdiccas
1543:Arachosia
1539:Sibyrtius
1533:Drangiana
1525:Stasander
1505:Babylonia
1491:Antigenes
1444:Peucestas
1380:Cassander
1374:Pamphylia
1362:Antigonus
1328:Antipater
1293:Amyntas (
1284:Arachosia
1280:Sibyrtius
1274:Drangiana
1240:Antigenes
1197:Babylonia
1193:Peucestas
1123:Pamphylia
1095:Antigonus
1085:Leonnatus
1054:Antipater
1028:Peucestas
1016:Perdiccas
1010:Leonnatus
974:Demetrius
928:Antipater
923:Parmenion
800:Mnemosyne
546:Demetrius
514:Chaldeans
494:Euphrates
479:Harmozeia
439:Gedrosian
384:Leonnatus
310:sugarcane
168:Pamphylia
148:Pixodarus
116:Macedonia
1837:Hetairoi
1779:Stasanor
1761:Philotas
1728:Nearchus
1659:Seleucus
1654:Craterus
1649:Meleager
1621:Erigyius
1601:Menander
1576:Philotas
1547:Gedrosia
1519:Sogdiana
1511:Stasanor
1501:Seleucus
1475:Carmania
1321:(321 BC)
1302:Sogdiana
1288:Gedrosia
1266:Stasanor
1260:Hyrcania
1139:Philotas
1129:Menander
1115:Nearchus
1047:(323 BC)
968:Balacrus
901:Generals
839:Archived
830:Nearchus
812:Arrian,
735:Plutarch
534:Heracles
471:sindones
435:Carmania
368:Oreitans
295:Strabo's
248:troops.
246:Thracian
238:Oxyartes
230:Acesines
208:Hydaspes
144:Harpalus
140:Laomedon
136:Erigyius
128:Erigyius
49:Nearchos
45:Nearchus
18:Nearchos
1743:Peithon
1738:Nicanor
1733:Nicanor
1718:Asander
1705:Amyntas
1697:Alcetas
1690:command
1581:Ptolemy
1515:Bactria
1495:Susiana
1485:Parthia
1461:Peithon
1424:Ptolemy
1410:Nicanor
1404:Cilicia
1366:Phrygia
1332:Macedon
1315:at the
1313:Satraps
1295:Bactria
1244:Susiana
1234:Parthia
1230:Nicanor
1210:Peithon
1187:Armenia
1163:Ptolemy
1149:Eumenes
1143:Cilicia
1105:Asander
1099:Phrygia
1069:Illyria
1067:Philo (
1058:Macedon
1039:Satraps
1022:Ptolemy
992:Peithon
962:Arybbas
933:Eumenes
918:Attalus
560:'s own
538:Barsine
510:Babylon
502:Barsine
458:Bahrain
406:Port).
370:begins.
359:Karachi
343:oysters
339:mussels
335:Arabius
176:Bactria
132:Ptolemy
124:Ptolemy
72:navarch
57:ÎÎαÏÏÎżÏ
1753:Philip
1713:Archon
1674:Coenus
1626:Aretes
1481:Philip
1448:Persia
1346:Thrace
1336:Greece
1256:Philip
1250:Archon
1224:Persia
1079:Thrace
1062:Greece
1041:at the
826:Livius
794:27.1 (
792:Indica
751:Justin
743:Strabo
599:
574:Legacy
563:Indica
558:Arrian
554:Strabo
550:Indica
506:Mentor
419:Gwadar
404:Ormara
392:Makran
314:cotton
291:Indica
287:Indike
278:Indica
273:Arrian
242:Roxana
226:Taxila
213:Indica
180:Aornos
160:satrap
142:, and
1757:Philo
1465:Media
1438:Syria
1428:Egypt
1394:Lydia
1384:Caria
1370:Lycia
1214:Media
1177:Syria
1167:Egypt
1133:Lydia
1119:Lycia
1109:Caria
1004:Menes
527:death
462:Tylos
411:Kalat
222:Indus
164:Lycia
108:Crete
68:Greek
53:Greek
1545:and
1531:and
1529:Aria
1517:and
1416:and
1372:and
1334:and
1286:and
1272:and
1270:Aria
1155:and
1121:and
1060:and
943:The
796:FGrH
771:AncW
764:YCIS
597:ISBN
504:and
498:Susa
390:(in
345:and
312:and
306:rice
293:and
166:and
138:and
104:Lato
275:âs
162:of
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106:in
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