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346:. Several sporadic spellings, which are attested once each, were considered by Bogaers as non-standard or rejected as misread, due to the poor state of some of the inscriptions. Gysseling holds that some spellings are a transliteration, an attempt to approximate the pronunciation of her name in Latin script, suggesting that the "h" may have been pronounced as some German
138:
409:. In sculptures and reliefs, she is depicted as a young woman, generally seated. Typically she wears a short cloak over her shoulders and chest. This garment is unique to her and therefore might have belonged to the costumes usual at that period in this region. Often she is accompanied by a dog; she has as attributes a basket of apples or bread
532:
Religious practices surrounding
Nehalennia were at their peak in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, at which time there were at least two or three temples located in the area of what is now Zeeland. At the time, this region on the sea coast was an important link for the trade between the
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of the harvest customarily being used to bake a loaf in the shape of a little girl; this is subsequently shared by the whole household. Davidson provides further examples of elaborate harvest loaves in the shape of sheaves, and displayed in churches for the fertility of fields in
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coast, when a storm eroded dunes. The remains of a temple were revealed that was devoted to the previously unattested goddess
Nehalennia. Beginning in 1970, numerous altars, remains of female sculptures and related artifacts were found near in the town of
425:, sometimes with a prow of a ship beside her, but also frequently with an attendant dog which sits looking up at her (Plate 5). This dog is on thirteen of the twenty-one altars recorded by Ada Hondius-Crone (1955:103), who describes it as a kind of
83:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
601:
and its anime adaptations as the name of an enemy, though the character only bears a superficial resemblance to her namesake. Queen Nehel(l)enia is the leader of the enemy group called the
609:
is a dark counterpart to Queen
Serenity and an embodiment of Chaos. In the 90s anime, she is obsessed with eternal youth and beauty and devouring dreams, especially those of children.
421:
Nehalennia, a
Germanic goddess worshipped at the point where travellers crossed the North Sea from the Netherlands, is shown on many carved stones holding loaves and apples like a
1264:
196:. Worship of Nehalennia dates back at least to the 2nd century BC and veneration of the goddess continued to flourish in northwestern Europe in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.
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713:
Bogaers, Julianus
Egidius Alphonsus Theresia; Gysseling, Maurits (1972). "Over de naam van de godin Nehalennia" [On the name of the goddess Nehalennia].
303:, including roof tiles and remains of the temple devoted to Nehalennia that was in a former town, now lost. Two other temple remains have been found in the
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504:. The design of temple and its sculpture is based on the finds from the nearby area, as well as archaeological study of the type of sanctuaries in the
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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377:. With the linguistic tools then available, Van Boxhorn attempted to bridge the already-known connections between European languages and modern
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Spickermann, Wolfgang (2010). "Religion an der
NordseekĂŒste: Dea Nehalennia". In Ruffing, Kai; Becker, Armin; Rasbach, Gabriele (eds.).
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326:("On the name of the goddess Nehalennia"), listed several different forms of the name that appear in inscriptions. While
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Dutch
Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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1212:. Philippika. Marburger altertumskundliche Abhandlungen (in German). Vol. 38. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
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Online. Edited by
Sebastian Brather, Wilhelm Heizmann and Steffen Patzold. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, 2010 .
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Illustration of the discovery of a
Nehalennia temple in 1645 in Domburg, Netherlands, by A.C. Bonn, 1805
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Souvenirs de Babel. La reconstruction de l'histoire des langues de la
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Des mots perses enregistrées par Quinte Curce et de leur parenté avec des termes germaniques
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Davidson further links the motif of the ship associated with Nehalennia with the Germanic
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at her feet. She must have been a Celtic or Germanic deity who was attributed power over
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https://www-degruyter-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/database/GAO/entry/RGA_3925/html
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231:(1960) believed that the name was neither Celtic nor Germanic, rather stemming from the
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Nehalennia is almost always depicted with marine symbols and a large, benign-looking
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Kontaktzone Lahn. Studien zum Kulturkontakt zwischen Römern und germanischen StÀmmen
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It appears that spellings with đ are intentional and not due to damaged artifacts.
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The loaves that Nehalennia is depicted with on her altars have been identified as
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Nehalennia: Römische SteindenkmÀler aus der Oosterschelde bei Colijnsplaat
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In August 2005, a replica of the Nehalennia temple near the lost town of
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forming a feminine noun. The meaning would be "she who is at the sea".
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Van der Velde, Koert (August 13, 2005). "Zeeuwse godin weer thuis",
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both appear a few times. Gysseling characterizes these two forms as
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Nehalennia is attested on 28 inscriptions discovered in 1645 in the
2009:
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wrote a song about Nehalennia that is included on their 2010 album
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Relief of a seated Nehalennia between a dog and a basket of loaves
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This article is about the goddess Nehalennia. For other uses, see
1099:(1). Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu MikoĆaja Kopernika: 45â68.
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1089:"Nehalennia. Bogini z jabĆkami 84 lata pĂłĆșniej. Zarys problemu"
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call upon Nehalennia in one of the songs on their 2019 album
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1091:[Nehalennie. A goddess with Apples 84 years later].
789:, Leiden 1647, and further texts, noted by Cornelis Dekker,
851:"Nehalenniatempel - Romeins verleden herleeft in Zeeland"
208:
remains disputed, linguists agree that its origin is not
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Klio. Czasopismo poĆwiÄcone dziejom Polski i powszechnym
791:
The Origins of Old Germanic Studies in the Low Countries
692:
The Origins of Old Germanic Studies in the Low Countries
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The name of the goddess was used in the Japanese manga
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sound. One of the numerous altars dredged up from the
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Dutch archaeologist J.E. Bogaers and Belgian linguist
227:"close", but could not explain the rest of the name.
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altars discovered around what is now the province of
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Neumann, GĂŒnter and Stuart, Piet. "Nehalennia". In:
239:"to lead". He could not trace the rest of the name.
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282:Drawings of 2 more altars dedicated to Nehalennia
354:near Colijnsplaat in 1970 features the spelling
176:. She is attested on and depicted upon numerous
650:, North Germanic goddess associated with apples
1235:Official site of the Nehalennia temple replica
500:In 2005, a replica of the temple was built in
369:to produce a hasty etymology linking the name
101:accompanying your translation by providing an
67:Click for important translation instructions.
54:expand this article with text translated from
2025:
1258:
826:
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8:
1120:Amsterdamer BeitrÀge zur Àlteren Germanistik
220:language. Gutenbrunner (1936) related it to
2056:origin primarily identified as speakers of
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2018:
2010:
1265:
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592:or 6578 P-L, was named after the goddess.
1152:Raepsaet-Charlier, Marie-ThérÚse (2003).
1131:
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1018:Symbol and Image in Celtic Religious Art
277:
136:
3097:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
1187:Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire
664:
760:and its description as well as object
672:Het raadsel van Nehalennia ontrafeld (
7:
493:, with parallels in Scandinavia and
330:is by far the most common spelling,
324:Over de naam van de godin Nehalennia
113:{{Translated|nl|Nehalennia (godin)}}
897:"Nehalenniatempel - Ontwerp tempel"
867:Davidson (1998:112 & Plate 5).
745:Die RĂŒckkehr der Göttin Nehalennia
25:
972:Gods and Myths of Northern Europe
756:Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, object
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1050:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
445:as well as the Germanic goddess
41:
3102:Christianization of Scandinavia
1038:Animals in Celtic Life and Myth
3092:Christianization of the Franks
2165:Continental Germanic mythology
1052:. Translated by Hall, Angela.
993:Davidson, Hilda Ellis (1998).
772:P. Stuart & J.E. Bogaers,
654:Mythology of the Low Countries
472:or animal victim, such as the
417:describes the votive objects:
204:While the meaning of the name
111:You may also add the template
1:
995:Roles of the Northern Goddess
322:, in their joint publication
153:and in her hands a basket of
1183:"Une légende de Nehalennia?"
1116:"Nehalennia and the Marsaci"
876:Davidson (1998:112 and 134).
787:Bediedinge van... Nehalennia
361:The Domburg inscriptions to
3107:Christianization of Iceland
1087:Bartnik, Agnieszka (2012).
723:Radboud University Nijmegen
243:(2004) links her name with
168:of unclear origin, perhaps
141:An altar for Nehalennia in
124:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
32:Nehalennia (disambiguation)
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1142:Germanische Altertumskunde
367:Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn
75:Machine translation, like
29:
3115:
2047:
1536:
1281:
1133:10.1163/18756719-12340279
913:Van der Velde (2005:8â9).
164:(spelled variously) is a
56:the corresponding article
2345:North Germanic languages
2330:Germanic parent language
855:www.nehalennia-tempel.nl
2350:West Germanic languages
2340:East Germanic languages
2335:Proto-Germanic language
2155:Proto-Germanic folklore
2092:Romano-Germanic culture
1174:10.3406/antiq.2003.2529
1036:Green, Miranda (1998).
901:www.nehalenniatempel.nl
541:. It is known that the
122:For more guidance, see
1552:
1544:
1199:10.3406/rbph.1982.3367
1181:Rantz, Berthe (1982).
1154:"Nouveaux cultores de
1114:Mees, Bernard (2023).
1106:10.12775/KLIO.2012.002
588:In 1960, an asteroid,
529:
476:-shaped loaf baked at
461:
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283:
158:
2160:Anglo-Saxon mythology
2050:Ethnolinguistic group
1550:
1542:
1162:L'Antiquité classique
968:Davidson, H. R. Ellis
830:Green (1998:200-201).
703:Simek (2007:228-229).
605:and in the manga and
527:
459:
419:
281:
140:
95:copyright attribution
885:Davidson (1998:134).
565:on the shore of the
415:Hilda Ellis Davidson
342:of the more archaic
307:area of what is now
149:. On her right is a
3087:Gothic Christianity
1284:Ancient deities of
491:Anglo-Saxon England
262:"on, at". Finally,
233:Proto-Indo-European
3161:Germanic goddesses
3151:Commerce goddesses
2470:Germani cisrhenani
2178:Funerary practices
2082:Pre-Roman Iron Age
2058:Germanic languages
1900:Gallia Narbonensis
1553:
1545:
1074:(Dutch newspaper).
584:In popular culture
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462:
284:
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103:interlanguage link
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2305:Gothic and Vandal
2097:Germanic Iron Age
2072:Nordic Bronze Age
2054:Northern European
2007:
2006:
1956:Matronae Aufaniae
1948:Germania Inferior
1425:Ialonus Contrebis
1219:978-3-447-06249-7
1063:978-0-85991-513-7
743:Gunivortus Goos,
643:Germanic paganism
627:Twigs & Twine
561:, and another at
557:on the island of
413:and ship parts.
320:Maurits Gysseling
135:
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16:(Redirected from
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3146:Celtic goddesses
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3079:Christianization
2669:Ripuarian Franks
2041:Germanic peoples
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1882:Gallia Cisalpina
1678:Gallia Aquitania
1274:Celtic mythology
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470:animal sacrifice
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81:Google Translate
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1303:Supra-regional
1300:
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1229:External links
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1193:(1): 145â149.
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1047:
1046:Simek, Rudolf
1043:
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1034:
1030:
1028:9780415080767
1024:
1021:. Routledge.
1020:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1004:0-415-13611-3
1000:
997:. Routledge.
996:
991:
987:
985:0-14-013627-4
981:
977:
976:Penguin Books
973:
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895:Pree, Ko de.
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849:Pree, Ko de.
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590:Asteroid 2462
583:
581:
579:
575:
570:
568:
567:Oosterschelde
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:, France and
548:
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353:
352:Oosterschelde
349:
345:
341:
340:Latinisations
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
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306:
305:Cologne-Deutz
302:
297:
293:
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242:
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191:
190:Schelde River
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85:
82:
78:
74:
72:
71:
65:
59:
57:
52:You can help
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2405:Anglo-Saxons
2395:Adrabaecampi
2378:Bucinobantes
2120:Architecture
1965:
1754:Iovantucarus
1593:Belatucadros
1543:Celtic wheel
1325:Anextiomarus
1283:
1208:
1190:
1186:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1141:
1123:
1119:
1096:
1092:
1071:
1049:
1040:. Routledge.
1037:
1017:
994:
971:
947:
944:"Nehalennia"
938:
927:
924:"Nehalennia"
918:
909:
900:
890:
881:
872:
863:
854:
844:
835:
809:
803:
798:
790:
786:
781:
776:, p. 104â106
773:
768:
762:i 1970/12.33
761:
757:
752:
744:
739:
718:
717:(in Dutch).
714:
708:
699:
691:
686:
679:
673:
667:
630:
624:
617:
611:
606:
596:
594:
587:
578:Colijnsplaat
571:
563:Colijnsplaat
531:
502:Colijnsplaat
499:
465:
463:
432:
420:
403:horticulture
388:
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317:
301:Colijnsplaat
285:
274:Inscriptions
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
236:
224:
205:
203:
188:, where the
161:
160:
99:edit summary
90:
61:
53:
2845:Nahanarvali
2768:Hilleviones
2681:Frisiavones
2549:Cananefates
2539:Burgundians
2450:Banochaemae
2300:Anglo-Saxon
2251:Anglo-Saxon
2217:Anglo-Saxon
2200:Anglo-Saxon
2183:Anglo-Saxon
1989:Endovelicus
1739:Icovellauna
1638:Ricagambeda
1515:Telesphorus
1470:Nantosuelta
1168:: 291â302.
1148:(in German)
1126:(1): 1â25.
1054:D.S. Brewer
806:, noted in
725:: 221â230.
625:Dutch band
612:Dutch band
598:Sailor Moon
356:Nechalenia.
336:Nehalaennia
250:"salt" and
186:Netherlands
147:Netherlands
3140:Categories
3064:Vinoviloth
2852:Marcomanni
2835:Helveconae
2813:HeaĂ°obards
2783:Istvaeones
2773:Ingaevones
2758:Hermunduri
2726:Ostrogoths
2716:Greuthungi
2594:Chattuarii
2420:Angrivarii
2415:Ampsivarii
2383:Lentienses
2212:Literature
2102:Viking Age
1966:Nehalennia
1923:Cathubodua
1890:Ambisagrus
1837:Moritasgus
1802:Atepomarus
1759:Veraudunus
1701:Sexarbores
1573:Alaisiagae
1238:(in Dutch)
1156:Nehalennia
960:References
758:i 2017/7.2
731:2066/26329
466:duivekater
385:Depictions
371:Nehalennia
363:Nehalennia
344:Nehalennia
328:Nehalennia
258:"sea" and
241:De Stempel
206:Nehalennia
162:Nehalennia
18:Nehellenia
3059:Vidivarii
3054:Victohali
3044:Vangiones
2977:Thuringii
2882:Nuithones
2778:Irminones
2741:Visigoths
2731:Thervingi
2691:Gambrivii
2644:Dulgubnii
2639:Dauciones
2589:Chasuarii
2529:Brondings
2455:Bastarnae
2445:Baiuvarii
2425:Armalausi
2388:Raetovari
2322:Languages
2290:Symbology
2150:Folklore
2145:Festivals
1976:Gallaecia
1961:Gebrinius
1867:Smertrios
1774:Xulsigiae
1764:Vindonnus
1749:Intarabus
1658:Vinotonus
1613:Coventina
1598:Britannia
1588:Arnemetia
1568:Abandinus
1560:Britannia
1525:Virotutis
1440:Loucetios
1390:Dis Pater
1375:Cissonius
1370:Cicolluis
1365:Cernunnos
1355:Brigantia
1296:by region
1294:Gallaecia
802:Boxhorn,
793:2007:209.
785:Boxhorn,
715:Naamkunde
614:Heidevolk
559:Walcheren
537:area and
427:greyhound
407:fertility
365:inspired
332:Nehalenia
229:Gysseling
194:North Sea
117:talk page
3125:Category
3032:Hasdingi
3017:Usipetes
2997:Tubantes
2982:Toxandri
2962:Tencteri
2937:Suarines
2922:Sicambri
2917:Semnones
2897:Reudigni
2867:Mattiaci
2857:Marsacii
2808:Lombards
2798:Lacringi
2793:Juthungi
2624:Corconti
2609:Cherusci
2584:Charudes
2564:Chaedini
2534:Bructeri
2519:Bateinoi
2490:Eburones
2485:Condrusi
2480:Caeroesi
2475:Atuatuci
2410:Ambrones
2373:Brisgavi
2368:Alemanni
2246:Paganism
2135:Clothing
2130:Calendar
2077:Germania
1938:Rudianos
1933:Nemausus
1908:Albiorix
1862:Souconna
1827:Nemetona
1822:Luxovius
1812:Gobannus
1797:Anvallus
1734:Arvernus
1729:Arduinna
1608:Cocidius
1583:Andraste
1530:Visucius
1520:Toutatis
1505:Suleviae
1500:Sucellus
1485:Rosmerta
1380:Condatis
1345:Belisama
1315:Alisanos
1048:(2007).
1015:(1992).
970:(1990).
747:, p. 137
694:, :209.
674:in Dutch
637:See also
574:Ganuenta
547:Besançon
514:Germania
482:VĂ€rmland
437:pair of
399:shipping
375:Scythian
290:town of
214:Germanic
170:Germanic
93:provide
58:in Dutch
3049:Varisci
3037:Silingi
3027:Vandals
3002:Tulingi
2992:Triboci
2987:Treveri
2967:Teutons
2957:Taifals
2932:Sitones
2872:Nemetes
2830:Helisii
2803:Lemovii
2721:Gutones
2654:Firaesi
2649:Favonae
2629:Cugerni
2619:Cobandi
2574:Chamavi
2569:Chaemae
2559:Casuari
2554:Caritni
2524:Betasii
2495:Paemani
2430:Auiones
2295:Warfare
2273:Scripts
2241:Numbers
2065:History
1918:Buxenus
1913:Artaius
1857:Sequana
1817:Icaunis
1792:Acionna
1769:Vosegus
1744:Inciona
1724:Ancamna
1686:Abellio
1668:Veteris
1663:Verbeia
1643:Satiada
1578:Ancasta
1551:Taranis
1510:Taranis
1460:Matrona
1450:Maponos
1435:Litavis
1420:Grannus
1405:Erecura
1360:Camulus
1340:Belenus
1320:Andarta
1310:Alaunus
1290:Britain
949:Spotify
929:Spotify
721:(3â4).
607:Crystal
555:Domburg
539:Britain
520:Temples
495:Ireland
447:Nerthus
395:trading
379:Persian
313:Germany
309:Cologne
296:Zeeland
294:on the
292:Domburg
256:*halenâ
182:Zeeland
166:goddess
143:Domburg
115:to the
97:in the
60:.
27:Goddess
3069:Warini
3022:Vagoth
3007:Tungri
2972:Thelir
2952:Swedes
2947:Sunici
2912:Saxons
2907:Rugini
2840:Manimi
2825:Diduni
2763:Heruli
2701:Gepids
2686:Frisii
2664:Franks
2614:Cimbri
2604:Chauci
2599:Chatti
2512:Nervii
2507:Morini
2465:Belgae
2460:Batavi
2435:Avarpi
2400:Angles
2360:Groups
2310:Viking
2256:Gothic
2234:Gothic
2140:Family
1984:Bandua
1832:Moccus
1807:Bricta
1719:Abnoba
1648:Senuna
1633:Ocelus
1628:Nodens
1495:Sirona
1490:Segomo
1480:Ritona
1475:Ogmios
1465:Mogons
1455:Matres
1395:Divona
1385:Damona
1276:series
1216:
1060:
1025:
1001:
982:
543:Morini
451:Matres
443:Freyja
411:loaves
268:suffix
248:halein
237:*neiH-
225:*nehwa
218:Celtic
184:, the
178:votive
174:Celtic
155:apples
2942:Suebi
2927:Sciri
2902:Rugii
2892:Quadi
2877:Njars
2862:Marsi
2820:Lugii
2788:Jutes
2753:Harii
2748:Gutes
2706:Goths
2696:Geats
2634:Danes
2579:Chali
2500:Segni
2440:Baemi
2283:Runes
2268:Rings
2261:Norse
2229:Names
2222:Norse
2205:Norse
2188:Norse
1994:Nabia
1852:Robor
1847:Naria
1842:Mullo
1696:Fagus
1653:Sulis
1623:Latis
1618:Iouga
1603:Clota
1445:Lugus
1430:Lenus
1400:Epona
1350:Borvo
1335:Aveta
1330:Artio
1072:Trouw
660:Notes
648:IĂ°unn
551:Trier
535:Rhine
486:sheaf
439:Freyr
435:Vanir
288:Dutch
266:is a
245:Welsh
235:root
210:Latin
77:DeepL
3012:Ubii
2659:Fosi
2544:Buri
1999:Reue
1872:Telo
1691:Baco
1410:Esus
1292:and
1286:Gaul
1214:ISBN
1058:ISBN
1023:ISBN
999:ISBN
980:ISBN
512:and
510:Gaul
478:Yule
474:boar
441:and
405:and
334:and
264:*-ja
260:*ne-
252:heli
200:Name
91:must
89:You
2887:Osi
2195:Law
2125:Art
2052:of
1195:doi
1170:doi
1128:doi
1101:doi
727:hdl
633:.
508:of
391:dog
216:or
172:or
151:dog
79:or
3142::
1288:,
1191:60
1185:.
1166:72
1160:.
1124:83
1122:.
1118:.
1097:20
1056:.
978:.
974:.
946:.
926:.
899:.
853:.
819:^
678:,
622:.
580:.
569:.
497:.
453:.
429:.
397:,
381:.
348:ch
315:.
311:,
145:,
2172:)
2033:e
2026:t
2019:v
1266:e
1259:t
1252:v
1222:.
1201:.
1197::
1176:.
1172::
1158:"
1136:.
1130::
1109:.
1103::
1066:.
1031:.
1007:.
988:.
952:.
932:.
903:.
857:.
814:.
733:.
729::
719:4
676:)
157:.
126:.
119:.
34:.
20:)
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