966:
1533:Законодательное Собрание Ростовской области. Закон №237-ЗС от 27 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границы и наделении статусом городского округа муниципального образования "Город Новочеркасск"», в ред. Закона №272-ЗС от 27 ноября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в областные Законы "Об установлении границы и наделении статусом городского округа муниципального образования "Город Новочеркасск" и "Об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования "Октябрьский район" и муниципальных образований в его составе"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Наше время", №339, 29 декабря 2004 г.
756:, and to have streets beginning radially around each square. On December 31, 1804, after reviewing the plan and the report of Platov and De Wollant, Tsar Alexander personally inscribed: "To be according to this. Alexander". The construction of the city was slow, primarily because of the reluctance of most Don Cossacks to leave their homes in Cherkassk, and the new capital being 20 kilometres (12 miles) from the River Don, with which the Cossacks were closely connected throughout its history. To compensate, there were even plans to deepen the Aksay River (a
104:
65:
137:
373:
75:
1517:Законодательное Собрание Ростовской области. Закон №340-ЗС от 25 июля 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ростовской области», в ред. Закона №270-ЗС от 27 ноября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в областной Закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ростовской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Наше время", №187–190, 28 июля 2005 г.
1095:
53:
1108:
1082:
1121:
144:
111:
965:
1542:
On
Amending the Oblast Laws "On Establishing the Border and Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the "City of Novocherkassk" and "On Establishing the Borders and Granting an Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formation of "Oktyabrsky District" and to the Municipal Formations It
913:
of the Don
Military Region took place, where the status of the historical and modern center of the Don Cossacks was established in the city, officially making Novocherkassk the capital of the Don Cossacks. On July 17–18, 1993, a meeting of the United Supreme Circle of Cossack troops of Russia and
702:
to protect the town were found to be too costly and ineffective. Additionally, Cherkassk was prone to destructive fires due to its chaotic layout and wooden buildings, and was located far away from any major roads. Despite the fact that ten of the eleven representatives of the villages that were
735:
of the Tuzlov River and Aksay River. On
November 7, 1804, De Wollant and Platov presented to Tsar Alexander a plan for the future of the city and an extensive report, in which the clearly embellished merits of the area chosen for construction were described. The city was designed in the popular
760:
of the Don) where the new city was located to eventually alter the course of the Don through the city. This plan was abandoned due to lack of funds, and for more than three decades the question of the place of the capital of the Don
Cossack remained unresolved, while growth of Novocherkassk
1313:Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек
772:
ordered the Don
Cossacks to keep the capital in Cherkassk because of the difficulties and uselessness of the transfer. In the first half of the 19th century, Novocherkassk was built only as an army center, administrative buildings, guest yards,
897:, with 56 convicted murders, was arrested in Novocherkassk. On 14 February 1994, he was taken from his death row cell to a soundproofed room in Novocherkassk prison and executed with a single gunshot behind the right ear. He was buried in an
1340:[All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].
1337:Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров
1316:[Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000]
694:, being deemed unsuitable as the capital for the Don Cossacks for several reasons. Cherkassk was repeatedly flooded for long periods of time due to its low-lying location on the banks of the
1021:, 1904). During the bicentenary celebrations in September 2005 another monument, dedicated to the reconciliation of White and Red Cossacks, was opened in the presence of the members of the
859:
occupied
Novocherkassk between July 24, 1942 and February 13, 1943. The city was chosen as the headquarters of the Don Army Group, headed by Erich v. Manstein in November of 42’.
1411:
279:
1883:
1065:
805:, Novocherkassk had a population of about sixty thousand people, about twenty-five thousand of whom were serving Cossacks and their families, three thousand were
2034:
1971:
994:
2029:
1966:
1598:
1579:
1307:
1229:
938:
764:
By 1837, an alternative to transfer the capital to the village of
Aksayskoy, which was also on a hill and near the Don, gained popularity. However,
1662:
1570:
954:
879:
450:
103:
43:
172:
136:
793:
reached
Novocherkassk and industrial enterprises were formed, however only one-thousand of the city's twenty-thousand residents worked in them.
2024:
1991:
1981:
1672:
933:
303:
1732:
64:
1717:
1444:
1257:
1762:
1722:
1652:
1642:
74:
1742:
1029:
970:
20:
1344:(in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики . 1989 – via
720:
1682:
1563:
393:
707:
asking him to allow the capital of the Don
Cossacks to be moved to another location, and was granted permission in a
1538:
On
Establishing the Border and Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the "City of Novocherkassk"
1401:
214:
1903:
2019:
1627:
1053:
1219:
1792:
1752:
1727:
1667:
990:
986:
1363:
Historical summary on Russia's relations with Persia, Georgia and with the mountain peoples of the Caucasus
1162:(born 1955), hammer thrower; a World and Olympic Champion holding the world record with a throw of 86.74 m.
2014:
1858:
1822:
1556:
1174:, Cossack general who fought for the Tsarist Army during the First World War died by his own hand in 1918.
942:
927:
863:
381:
325:
288:
1958:
1817:
1802:
1787:
1757:
1737:
1702:
1588:
677:
346:
312:
1536:(Legislative Assembly of Rostov Oblast. Law #237-ZS of December 27, 2004
1145:
768:
personally inspected Novocherkassk and the village of Aksayskoy that same year, and after returning to
1838:
1807:
1797:
1782:
1707:
1692:
1687:
1677:
1647:
1637:
1149:
1868:
1812:
1767:
1697:
1622:
1520:(Legislative Assembly of Rostov Oblast. Law #340-ZS of July 28, 2005
1099:
802:
661:
492:
484:
444:
1777:
1772:
1657:
829:
737:
695:
500:
372:
1360:
1712:
1632:
1612:
1447:
1406:
1153:
1125:
910:
822:
790:
753:
691:
1617:
1548:
1022:
1018:
890:
769:
704:
435:
1747:
1139:
1041:
1014:
765:
681:
1526:
On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Rostov Oblast"
1898:
1873:
1853:
1171:
1165:
898:
871:
841:
833:
782:
2008:
1918:
1908:
1593:
1112:
1010:
982:
894:
665:
454:
219:
1986:
1878:
1311:
1168:(1902–1986), Soviet diplomat and ambassador, and Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
1159:
875:
856:
848:
778:
757:
749:
724:
703:
part of Cherkassk refused to move the capital, Platov still made a presentation to
673:
478:
466:
1460:
52:
1287:
813:. Novocherkassk, unlike many Russian cities at the time, had almost no permanent
1976:
1071:
883:
470:
367:
1486:
1335:
1938:
1933:
867:
736:
traditions of European models of urban development, with spacious areas, wide
732:
462:
187:
174:
1943:
1888:
1445:Андрей Чикатило: ″Я молю Бога, чтобы таких, как я, больше не было на земле!"
852:
814:
810:
741:
684:. It was established in reaction to the original administrative center, the
358:
1410:. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: The New Straits Times Press. February 16, 1994.
1928:
1540:, as amended by the Law #272-ZS of November 27, 2014
1524:, as amended by the Law #270-ZS of November 27, 2014
1094:
1086:
1006:
1002:
974:
837:
826:
818:
806:
786:
686:
474:
918:, where Novocherkassk was proclaimed the world capital of the Cossacks.
727:, deciding to build it on a location at the top of a hill known as the "
1948:
1923:
1848:
1081:
774:
744:
full of greenery. De Wollant, calling the future Novocherkassk "little
664:, the city of Novocherkassk was founded in 1805 by Lieutenant-general
1863:
1120:
1107:
998:
915:
708:
699:
669:
458:
363:
207:
1913:
964:
745:
403:
1843:
886:, resulting in 26 protesters being killed and 87 being wounded.
728:
522:
1552:
844:-aligned Don Army from Novocherkassk on January 7, 1920.
937:—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
882:, in the city. The protests were suppressed by troops of the
473:. Novocherkassk is best known as the cultural capital of the
1522:
On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Rostov Oblast
1282:Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (
1224:[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].
517:
1148:(1917–1990), Polish fighter ace renowned for flying in the
909:
On October 5–6, 1991, a meeting of the Grand Circle of the
660:
Although the first settlement in the region was founded by
418:
945:, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.
1528:. Effective as of the official publication date.).
825:
from 1917 to 1922, Novocherkassk was the center of the
1221:Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1
19:
This article is about the city. For other uses, see
1957:
1831:
1605:
413:
402:
392:
380:
357:
343:
332:
323:
309:
295:
286:
275:
267:
262:
254:
246:
238:
233:
225:
213:
203:
31:
1218:Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).
1322:Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года
1226:Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года
1402:"Russia Executes 'Rostov Ripper' Serial Killer"
1262:Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации
1545:. Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
1465:Новочеркасский городской информационный портал
1066:List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia
1564:
1531:
1515:
1342:Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года
731:'s Lair" to the north of Cherkassk, near the
465:of the Tuzlov and Aksay Rivers, the latter a
8:
1213:
1211:
957:ElektroVagon Plant, trains and locomotives.
508:
1571:
1557:
1549:
893:, one of the Soviet Union's most prolific
752:, each of which was supposed to feature a
507:
371:
28:
1580:Administrative divisions of Rostov Oblast
1243:
1241:
1239:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1032:was built, but later it was destroyed.
880:Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant
862:On June 1–2, 1962, events known as the
715:Plan as new capital of the Don Cossacks
412:
379:
356:
322:
285:
261:
253:
232:
224:
202:
167:
95:
58:
49:
832:and came under the command of General
928:framework of administrative divisions
477:, and as the official capital of the
391:
342:
331:
308:
294:
274:
266:
245:
237:
212:
143:
110:
86:
7:
2035:Populated places established in 1805
1414:from the original on March 13, 2016
922:Administrative and municipal status
247: • Head of Administration
711:from the Tsar on August 23, 1804.
14:
2030:Cities and towns in Rostov Oblast
1390:Circassian Prince Temroqwa Idar.
1308:Federal State Statistics Service
1230:Federal State Statistics Service
1119:
1106:
1093:
1080:
971:Lutheran Church in Novocherkassk
142:
135:
109:
102:
73:
63:
51:
878:at the locomotive factory, the
874:protests broke out following a
840:eventually defeated ousted the
698:, and attempts at constructing
1142:(born 2002), chess grandmaster
809:, and about five hundred were
449:'New Cherkassk') is a
21:Novocherkassk (disambiguation)
1:
1467:(in Russian). August 23, 2016
1288:Поиск объектов почтовой связи
995:Church of Our Lady of the Don
723:developed Novocherkassk as a
156:Novocherkassk (Rostov Oblast)
26:City in Rostov Oblast, Russia
16:City in Rostov Oblast, Russia
991:huge neo-Byzantine cathedral
2025:History of the Don Cossacks
1493:(in Russian). Novocherkassk
748:" on the basis of numerous
2051:
1264:(in Russian). June 3, 2011
1063:
1060:Twin towns – sister cities
997:(2013), the palace of the
981:Novocherkassk was once an
721:François Sainte de Wollant
18:
1586:
1532:
1516:
789:'s houses. In the 1850s,
638:
535:—
439:
353:Novocherkassk Urban Okrug
339:Novocherkassk Urban Okrug
319:Novocherkassk Urban Okrug
168:
159:Show map of Rostov Oblast
123:Location of Novocherkassk
96:
90:Location of Novocherkassk
87:
59:
50:
41:
1433:Born to Kill in the USSR
1341:
1336:
1321:
1312:
1225:
1220:
1054:Horse Monument to Platov
930:, it is incorporated as
901:at the prison cemetery.
719:Platov and the engineer
1258:"Об исчислении времени"
993:(1904), as well as the
973:is currently used by a
258:80 m (260 ft)
1959:Urban-type settlements
978:
889:On November 20, 1990,
864:Novocherkassk massacre
1743:Rodionovo-Nesvetaysky
1589:Administrative center
1292:Postal Objects Search
987:Greek Orthodox Church
968:
678:administrative center
509:Historical population
289:Administrative status
188:47.42222°N 40.09389°E
1487:"Побратимские связи"
961:Culture and religion
1869:Kamensk-Shakhtinsky
1683:Matveyevo-Kurgansky
1461:"ПАМЯТНИКИ ПЛАТОВУ"
1015:Yermak Timofeyevich
914:abroad was held in
803:February Revolution
639:Source: Census data
510:
461:, located near the
242:Council of Deputies
184: /
1146:Witold Łokuciewski
983:archiepiscopal see
979:
943:municipal division
830:counter-revolution
801:On the eve of the
501:1989 Soviet census
268: • Total
193:47.42222; 40.09389
126:Show map of Russia
2000:
1999:
1407:New Straits Times
1154:Battle of Britain
1126:La Valette-du-Var
1070:Novocherkassk is
911:Union of Cossacks
823:Russian Civil War
791:industrialization
643:
642:
448:
429:
428:
276: • Rank
239: • Body
2042:
1832:Cities and towns
1599:Rural localities
1573:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1535:
1534:
1519:
1518:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1457:
1451:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1359:Bronevsky, S.N.
1356:
1350:
1349:
1346:Demoscope Weekly
1332:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1310:(May 21, 2004).
1304:
1298:
1297:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1234:
1233:
1215:
1206:
1203:
1124:
1123:
1111:
1110:
1098:
1097:
1085:
1084:
1019:Mikhail Mikeshin
891:Andrei Chikatilo
770:Saint Petersburg
705:Tsar Alexander I
524:
519:
511:
504:
496:
488:
443:
441:
425:
422:
420:
375:
350:
336:
326:Municipal status
316:
299:
199:
198:
196:
195:
194:
189:
185:
182:
181:
180:
177:
160:
146:
145:
139:
127:
113:
112:
106:
77:
67:
55:
29:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2020:Don Host Oblast
2005:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1953:
1827:
1663:Konstantinovsky
1628:Belokalitvinsky
1601:
1582:
1577:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1496:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1237:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1204:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1140:Andrey Esipenko
1136:
1131:
1118:
1105:
1092:
1079:
1068:
1062:
1050:
1038:
963:
951:
924:
907:
799:
766:Tsar Nicholas I
717:
682:Don Host Oblast
658:
653:
648:
499:187,973 (
498:
491:170,822 (
490:
483:168,746 (
482:
481:. Population:
417:
394:Dialing code(s)
388:
345:
334:
328:
311:
298:Subordinated to
297:
291:
215:Federal subject
192:
190:
186:
183:
178:
175:
173:
171:
170:
164:
163:
162:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
152:
151:
147:
130:
129:
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:
119:
118:
114:
92:
91:
83:
82:
81:
80:
71:
70:
46:
37:
34:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2048:
2046:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2007:
2006:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1899:Novoshakhtinsk
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1874:Konstantinovsk
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1854:Belaya Kalitva
1851:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1793:Verkhnedonskoy
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1753:Semikarakorsky
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1728:Peschanokopsky
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1668:Krasnosulinsky
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1529:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1478:
1452:
1437:
1425:
1393:
1381:
1351:
1327:
1299:
1275:
1249:
1235:
1228:(in Russian).
1207:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1172:Alexey Kaledin
1169:
1166:Valerian Zorin
1163:
1157:
1150:303rd Squadron
1143:
1135:
1134:Notable people
1132:
1130:
1129:
1116:
1103:
1090:
1076:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1034:
1030:Trinity Church
962:
959:
953:Novocherkassk
950:
947:
932:Novocherkassk
923:
920:
906:
905:Recent history
903:
899:unmarked grave
895:serial killers
872:workers rights
866:occurred when
834:Alexey Kaledin
798:
795:
781:, hotels, and
716:
713:
657:
654:
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169:Coordinates:
150:Novocherkassk
138:
117:Novocherkassk
105:
76:
66:
54:
45:
40:
33:Novocherkassk
30:
22:
2002:
1992:Ust-Donetsky
1987:Uglerodovsky
1982:Sholokhovsky
1893:
1879:Krasny Sulin
1818:Zernogradsky
1803:Volgodonskoy
1788:Ust-Donetsky
1758:Sholokhovsky
1738:Remontnensky
1703:Myasnikovsky
1673:Kuybyshevsky
1592:
1541:
1537:
1525:
1521:
1495:. Retrieved
1490:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1464:
1455:
1450:(in Russian)
1440:
1432:
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1405:
1396:
1389:
1384:
1374:September 9,
1372:. Retrieved
1368:
1362:
1354:
1345:
1330:
1302:
1296:(in Russian)
1291:
1284:Russian Post
1283:
1278:
1266:. Retrieved
1261:
1252:
1160:Yuriy Sedykh
1069:
1027:
980:
952:
931:
925:
908:
888:
876:labor strike
861:
857:Nazi Germany
849:World War II
846:
800:
779:wine cellars
763:
758:distributary
750:town squares
725:planned city
718:
685:
674:Don Cossacks
659:
651:Imperial era
479:Don Cossacks
467:distributary
431:
430:
398:+7 8635
79:Coat of arms
36:Новочеркасск
1977:Kamenolomni
1808:Yegorlyksky
1798:Vesyolovsky
1783:Tsimlyansky
1733:Proletarsky
1708:Neklinovsky
1693:Milyutinsky
1688:Millerovsky
1678:Martynovsky
1648:Kagalnitsky
1638:Chertkovsky
1497:February 5,
1268:January 19,
1247:Law #237-ZS
1205:Law #340-ZS
1152:during the
934:Urban Okrug
926:Within the
884:Soviet Army
761:stagnated.
493:2002 Census
485:2010 Census
421:.novochgrad
409:60727000001
335:Urban okrug
304:Urban Okrug
191: /
2009:Categories
1939:Volgodonsk
1934:Tsimlyansk
1904:Proletarsk
1813:Zavetinsky
1768:Tarasovsky
1718:Oktyabrsky
1698:Morozovsky
1623:Bagayevsky
1543:Comprises"
1179:References
1113:Novi Bečej
1102:, Bulgaria
1064:See also:
989:and has a
868:food riots
797:Soviet era
742:boulevards
733:confluence
656:Foundation
463:confluence
263:Population
234:Government
179:40°05′38″E
176:47°25′20″N
1944:Zernograd
1889:Morozovsk
1884:Millerovo
1778:Tselinsky
1773:Tatsinsky
1658:Kasharsky
1606:Districts
1089:, Germany
1048:Monuments
1007:monuments
939:districts
853:Wehrmacht
815:merchants
811:clergymen
696:Don River
692:Cherkassk
676:, as the
471:Don River
359:Time zone
255:Elevation
1929:Taganrog
1763:Sovetsky
1723:Orlovsky
1713:Oblivsky
1653:Kamensky
1643:Dubovsky
1633:Bokovsky
1613:Aksaysky
1448:Fakty.ua
1418:July 25,
1412:Archived
1128:, France
1115:, Serbia
1087:Iserlohn
1025:family.
1003:Cossacks
838:Red Army
827:Don Army
819:peasants
807:noblemen
787:noblemen
783:generals
687:stanitsa
475:Cossacks
1967:Gluboky
1949:Zverevo
1924:Shakhty
1859:Donetsk
1849:Bataysk
1618:Azovsky
1510:Sources
1471:May 20,
1369:Vostlit
1072:twinned
1036:Cinemas
1023:Romanov
1001:of the
985:of the
975:Baptist
949:Economy
941:. As a
847:During
775:taverns
738:avenues
680:of the
672:of the
646:History
631:163,674
620:168,746
609:170,822
598:187,973
587:183,055
576:162,365
469:of the
447:
436:Russian
414:Website
347:Capital
313:Capital
282:in 2010
271:168,746
226:Founded
204:Country
1864:Gukovo
1748:Salsky
1435:p. 197
1100:Levski
1074:with:
1042:Tanais
1005:, and
999:ataman
916:Moscow
851:, the
836:. The
754:church
709:decree
700:levees
670:Ataman
668:, the
590:+12.7%
579:+70.1%
568:+17.8%
565:95,453
557:+30.6%
554:81,000
546:+19.2%
543:62,000
532:52,000
459:Russia
387:3464xx
370:
208:Russia
1972:Gorny
1914:Salsk
1839:Aksay
1318:(XLS)
1184:Notes
969:This
842:White
746:Paris
634:−3.0%
623:−1.2%
612:−9.1%
601:+2.7%
404:OKTMO
364:UTC+3
280:108th
1844:Azov
1499:2020
1473:2018
1420:2016
1376:2021
1270:2019
1013:and
955:NEVZ
870:and
785:and
740:and
729:Wolf
628:2021
617:2010
606:2002
595:1989
584:1979
573:1970
562:1959
551:1939
540:1926
529:1897
518:Pop.
514:Year
451:city
445:lit.
229:1805
69:Flag
44:City
1320:.
1286:).
1009:to
855:of
817:or
690:of
453:in
423:.ru
419:www
368:MSK
2011::
1597:•
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1367:.
1294:)
1260:.
1238:^
1210:^
1192:^
777:,
523:±%
497:;
489:;
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315:of
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1348:.
1290:(
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1156:.
1017:(
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503:)
495:)
487:)
434:(
376:)
366:(
23:.
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