861:
1056:
935:
973:
1242:
1158:
55:
1185:
805:
731:
42:
246:, though the two families are sometimes elevated to a separate order Galbuliformes. Lacking the iridescent colours of the jacamars, puffbirds are mainly brown, rufous or grey, with large heads, large eyes, and flattened bills with a hooked tip. Their loose, abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English name of the family. The species range in size from the
1083:
657:
Generally dull-plumaged birds, puffbirds may have brightly colored bills, eyebrows and irises. They have large heads, short wings and strong bills, with short legs and diminutive feet. There is some sexual dimorphism; the female is slightly larger and slightly duller-plumaged than the male. Juvenile
706:
The breeding behaviour of puffbirds is not well known. Nests are burrows in dirt, rotten wood or termite mounds. Puffbirds are known to lay clutches of two or three eggs. The eggs are round, small, and white. The incubation period is around 15 days, and performed by both parents. Born blind and
670:. When calling they mostly do so at dawn and dusk. The main vocalizations consist of repeated and high-pitched whistles. The nunbirds are the most vocal of the family; they have a wide repertoire of calls and often give very loud shouts.
305:
relationship between the puffbirds and the eight other families that make up the order
Piciformes is shown in the cladogram below. The number of species in each family is taken from the list maintained by
298:, confirmed that puffbirds and jacamars were sister groups and their place in Piciformes. The lineage is sometimes elevated to order level as Galbuliformes, first proposed by Sibley and Ahlquist in 1990.
278:(1930, revised in 1951 and 1960). The placement of the combined puffbird and jacamar lineage was in question, with some bone and muscle features suggesting they may be more closely related to the
615:
the next to branch off around 19.1 million years ago. A fossil right wing recovered from Lower Eocene beds in
Lincoln County Wyoming was initially classified as a puffbird and given the name
707:
naked, the young can crawl to the entrance of the nest burrow at one or two days of age. There, their mother feeds them partly chewed insects. They fledge at around 20 to 21 days.
2108:
2134:
1431:
Ericson, P. G. P.; Anderson, C. L.; Britton, T.; Elzanowski, A.; Johansson, U. S.; Källersjö, M.; Ohlson, J. I.; Parsons, T. J.; Zuccon, D.; Mayr, G. (2006).
1654:
1394:
666:
Puffbirds are one of the most silent birds in the
Neotropics and vocalize very rarely. The most vocal species are the nunbirds and those in the genus
2082:
2203:
2121:
315:
1870:
649:
also lives in more open country. No species of puffbirds have been recorded of moving any significant distance beyond its home territory.
2193:
1831:
1809:
1784:
1521:
1491:
1346:
1316:
1669:
1708:(Aves: Coracii) from the Eocene Green River Formation: New Anatomical Data from the Earliest Constrained Record of Stem Rollers"
2198:
1537:
Kuhl, H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S.T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2021).
2126:
860:
678:
Puffbirds are by nature arboreal. Mostly secretive, they are found singly or in small family groups. Species of the genus
934:
2043:
1055:
902:
893:
1481:
54:
2139:
1623:
690:
Puffbirds are sit-and-wait hunters, perching unmoving for long periods, while watching for insect prey. As well as
307:
1005:
1863:
1032:
949:
819:
1254:
1014:
972:
763:
695:
646:
1996:
1143:
1098:
1023:
987:
694:, they may eat small lizards and plant material. Arthropod exoskeletons are regurgitated as pellets. The
609:) diverged from the common ancestor of other puffbirds an estimated 25 million years ago, with the genus
2160:
2048:
1241:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1107:
996:
837:
790:
772:
754:
251:
637:
Puffbirds are found from Mexico to southern Brazil, with the greatest variety of species found in the
2069:
1719:
1134:
884:
247:
2188:
1856:
1627:
1170:
1125:
1068:
1041:
958:
642:
311:
1157:
294:(two toes facing forward and two aft) before separating. Per Ericson and colleagues, in analysing
641:. They live in forested or wooded habitats, including lowland, foothills, and open woodland. The
49:
262:
Puffbirds get their common name from their fluffy plumage. In
Spanish, they have been nicknamed
2165:
2147:
2056:
1827:
1805:
1780:
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1511:
1487:
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1342:
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1312:
1306:
1184:
911:
846:
271:
2113:
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1900:
1727:
1603:
1593:
1560:
1550:
1452:
1444:
1413:
1375:
828:
745:
267:
131:
2034:
1539:"An unbiased molecular approach using 3′-UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life"
1892:
1879:
875:
804:
1395:"Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes
1723:
1681:
1608:
1581:
266:("dummy") from their propensity to sit motionless waiting for prey. American naturalist
1960:
1457:
1432:
920:
517:
270:
defined the
Bucconidae in 1821. The family was classified as part of the Piciformes by
730:
2182:
1843:
1565:
1417:
1200:
781:
698:
is the only member in the family that is known to capture insects from open perches.
400:
302:
279:
231:
1655:
Rates of
Molecular Evolution and their Application to Neotropical Avian Biogeography
1363:
603:
Molecular investigation of the
Bucconidae in 2004 indicated that the nunlets (genus
41:
2061:
1948:
1934:
1116:
638:
533:
448:
287:
197:
176:
621:. The discovery of more complete specimens, including twelve in 2010, shows that
2095:
2028:
1966:
1433:"Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils"
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611:
494:
295:
283:
204:
190:
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1978:
1972:
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243:
155:
106:
2019:
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66:
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to the rest of the
Piciformes, also showing that the groups had developed
2013:
1942:
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471:
169:
162:
86:
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1909:
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116:
17:
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211:
76:
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1990:
1848:
1483:
645:
is the only member of this species known to live in highlands. The
250:, at 13 cm (5.1 in) and 14 g (0.49 oz), to the
230:
are tropical tree-dwelling insectivorous birds that are found from
1082:
811:
148:
254:, at up to 29 cm (11 in) and 106 g (3.7 oz).
1582:"Complexity of avian evolution revealed by family-level genomes"
96:
1994:
1852:
1745:
1743:
682:, known as nunbirds, are more gregarious and found in flocks.
2074:
1308:
Biology, Medicine, and
Surgery of South American Wild Animals
1480:
Hans Winkler, David A. Christie & David Nurney (2010).
1844:
Internet Bird Collection.com: Puffbird−Bucconidae videos
1364:"A Systematic Classification for the Birds of the World"
276:
A Systematic Classification for the Birds of the World
2003:
1933:
1908:
1890:
1393:Johansson, Ulf S. & Ericson, Per G.P. (2003).
242:, they form a divergent lineage within the order
1658:, Ph.D. dissertation, Louisiana State University
1368:Proceedings of the United States National Museum
1864:
238:. Together with their closest relatives, the
8:
1702:Ksepka, Daniel T.; Clarke, Julia A. (2010).
1305:Fowler, Murray E.; Cubas, Zalmir S. (2008).
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1804:. Princeton University Press. p. 404.
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1341:. Princeton University Press. p. 448.
1991:
1871:
1857:
1849:
1505:
1503:
40:
31:
1731:
1607:
1597:
1564:
1554:
1456:
714:
1773:Bruce Campbell; Elizabeth Lack (2010).
1330:
1328:
1274:
1779:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 488.
1516:. Yale University Press. p. 341.
1311:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 181.
316:International Ornithological Committee
1634:. International Ornithologists' Union
7:
1975:(woodpeckers, piculets and wrynecks)
1802:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Birds
1753:. National Geographic. p. 188.
1285:. National Geographic. p. 187.
510:
487:
464:
441:
393:
386:
338:
331:
321:
314:and David Donsker on behalf of the
1825:A guide to the birds of Costa Rica
1712:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1632:"IOC World Bird List Version 14.1"
226:and their relatives in the family
25:
1926:(puffbirds, nunbirds and nunlets)
1670:"An Eocene Puffbird from Wyoming"
1580:Stiller, J.; et al. (2024).
1513:The Origin and Evolution of Birds
497:– New World barbets (15 species)
1418:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x
1240:
1183:
1156:
1081:
1054:
971:
933:
859:
803:
729:
53:
1800:Christopher M. Perrins (2009).
1543:Molecular Biology and Evolution
474:– African barbets (42 species)
286:in a 2003 study placed them as
2204:Taxa named by Thomas Horsfield
1:
625:was instead an early type of
520:– toucan barbets (2 species)
451:– Asian barbets (35 species)
419:– woodpeckers (240 species)
1751:Complete Birds of the World
1362:Wetmore, Alexander (1930).
1283:Complete Birds of the World
903:Western striolated puffbird
894:Eastern striolated puffbird
403:– honeyguides (16 species)
2220:
1680:(1): 13–15. Archived from
1599:10.1038/s41586-024-07323-1
658:birds have shorter beaks.
1733:10.1080/02724630903412414
1668:Brodkorb, Pierce (1970).
1566:21.11116/0000-0007-B72A-C
1335:Hilty, Steven L. (2002).
1006:Crescent-chested puffbird
531:
515:
508:
492:
485:
469:
462:
446:
439:
414:
398:
391:
384:
364:– puffbirds (38 species)
359:
343:
336:
329:
144:
139:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
34:
2194:Birds of Central America
1630:, eds. (December 2023).
1406:Journal of Avian Biology
1380:10.5479/si.00963801.2821
1033:White-whiskered puffbird
1019:Malacoptila fulvogularis
950:Russet-throated puffbird
820:Chestnut-capped puffbird
750:Notharchus macrorhynchos
633:Distribution and habitat
348:– jacamars (18 species)
1510:Feduccia, Alan (1999).
1255:Swallow-winged puffbird
1073:Micromonacha lanceolata
1015:Black-streaked puffbird
764:Black-breasted puffbird
759:Notharchus hyperrynchus
696:swallow-winged puffbird
647:swallow-winged puffbird
536:– toucans (43 species)
2199:Birds of South America
1674:Rocky Mountain Geology
1556:10.1093/molbev/msaa191
1449:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523
1259:Chelidoptera tenebrosa
1144:Chestnut-headed nunlet
1099:Fulvous-chinned nunlet
1046:Malacoptila mystacalis
1037:Malacoptila panamensis
1024:Rufous-necked puffbird
1001:Malacoptila semicincta
988:White-chested puffbird
925:Nystalus striatipectus
2161:Paleobiology Database
1776:A Dictionary of Birds
1228:Yellow-billed nunbird
1219:White-fronted nunbird
1210:Black-fronted nunbird
1148:Nonnula amaurocephala
1108:Rusty-breasted nunlet
997:Semicollared puffbird
838:Sooty-capped puffbird
791:Buff-bellied puffbird
773:Brown-banded puffbird
768:Notharchus pectoralis
755:White-necked puffbird
252:white-necked puffbird
35:Puffbirds and allies
1175:Hapaloptila castanea
1135:Rufous-capped nunlet
885:White-eared puffbird
795:Notharchus swainsoni
248:rufous-capped nunlet
1823:Stiles and Skutch,
1724:2010JVPal..30..215K
1652:Witt, C.C. (2004),
1232:Monasa flavirostris
1171:White-faced nunbird
1139:Nonnula ruficapilla
1126:Grey-cheeked nunlet
1069:Lanceolated monklet
1042:Moustached puffbird
1010:Malacoptila striata
959:Two-banded puffbird
954:Hypnelus ruficollis
898:Nystalus striolatus
824:Bucco macrodactylus
643:white-faced nunbird
312:Pamela C. Rasmussen
1969:(American barbets)
1706:Primobucco mcgrewi
1626:; Donsker, David;
1338:Birds of Venezuela
963:Hypnelus bicinctus
916:Nystalus maculatus
618:Primobucco mcgrewi
2176:
2175:
2148:Open Tree of Life
1997:Taxon identifiers
1988:
1987:
1945:(African barbets)
1628:Rasmussen, Pamela
1486:. A&C Black.
1266:
1265:
1214:Monasa nigrifrons
1130:Nonnula frontalis
992:Malacoptila fusca
912:Caatinga puffbird
880:Nystalus radiatus
847:Collared puffbird
786:Notharchus tectus
599:
598:
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589:
581:
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571:
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272:Alexander Wetmore
220:
219:
135:
16:(Redirected from
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1963:(toucan-barbets)
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1332:
1323:
1322:
1302:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1244:
1223:Monasa morphoeus
1187:
1160:
1112:Nonnula rubecula
1103:Nonnula sclateri
1085:
1058:
1028:Malacoptila rufa
975:
937:
889:Nystalus chacuru
863:
829:Spotted puffbird
807:
777:Notharchus ordii
746:Guianan puffbird
733:
715:
511:
488:
465:
442:
394:
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339:
332:
322:
268:Thomas Horsfield
130:
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2055:
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2033:
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2012:
1999:
1989:
1984:
1951:(Asian barbets)
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1437:Biology Letters
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1303:
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1271:
1121:Nonnula brunnea
907:Nystalus obamai
876:Barred puffbird
724:Living Species
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1838:External links
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1195:– the nunbirds
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851:Bucco capensis
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842:Bucco noanamae
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1981:(honeyguides)
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1979:Indicatoridae
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2004:
1955:Ramphastidae
1949:Megalaimidae
1923:
1899:
1891:
1824:
1801:
1795:
1775:
1750:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1697:
1686:. Retrieved
1682:the original
1677:
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1636:. Retrieved
1618:
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1248:Chelidoptera
1247:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1190:
1174:
1163:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1117:Brown nunlet
1111:
1102:
1088:
1072:
1062:Micromonacha
1061:
1045:
1036:
1027:
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978:
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639:Amazon Basin
636:
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534:Ramphastidae
532:
516:
493:
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449:Megalaimidae
447:
415:
399:
361:
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344:
303:phylogenetic
300:
288:sister group
275:
274:in his work
263:
261:
227:
223:
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210:
203:
198:Chelidoptera
196:
189:
182:
177:Micromonacha
175:
168:
161:
154:
147:
126:
29:
2096:iNaturalist
2029:Wikispecies
1967:Capitonidae
1624:Gill, Frank
1592:: 851–860.
1374:(2821): 6.
1205:Monasa atra
1164:Hapaloptila
980:Malacoptila
653:Description
612:Malacoptila
495:Capitonidae
296:genomic DNA
284:nuclear DNA
205:Malacoptila
191:Hapaloptila
2189:Bucconidae
2183:Categories
2035:Bucconidae
2005:Bucconidae
1924:Bucconidae
1920:(jacamars)
1918:Galbulidae
1884:Piciformes
1688:2014-12-09
1412:(2): 185.
1269:References
738:Notharchus
692:arthropods
623:Primobucco
362:Bucconidae
346:Galbulidae
326:Piciformes
308:Frank Gill
244:Piciformes
228:Bucconidae
156:Notharchus
127:Bucconidae
113:Suborder:
107:Piciformes
1957:(toucans)
224:puffbirds
132:Horsfield
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
2014:Wikidata
1943:Lybiidae
1893:Suborder
1609:11111414
1467:17148284
942:Hypnelus
868:Nystalus
702:Breeding
674:Behavior
668:Nystalus
472:Lybiidae
258:Taxonomy
240:jacamars
170:Hypnelus
163:Nystalus
123:Family:
87:Chordata
83:Phylum:
77:Animalia
63:Domain:
2020:Q621861
1973:Picidae
1910:Galbuli
1720:Bibcode
1638:17 June
1458:1834003
1090:Nonnula
711:Species
686:Feeding
606:Nonnula
417:Picidae
318:(IOC).
184:Nonnula
140:Genera
117:Galbuli
103:Order:
93:Class:
18:Nunbird
2153:483802
2140:135166
2127:178143
2114:105711
1901:Family
1830:
1808:
1783:
1606:
1586:Nature
1520:
1490:
1465:
1455:
1345:
1315:
1192:Monasa
680:Monasa
627:roller
236:Mexico
234:up to
212:Monasa
134:, 1821
2166:39375
2109:IRMNG
2062:622HW
2049:89086
1880:Order
1402:(PDF)
1397:sensu
812:Bucco
721:Genus
718:Image
662:Voice
149:Bucco
2135:NCBI
2122:ITIS
2101:1505
2088:5703
2083:GBIF
2075:7595
2044:BOLD
1935:Pici
1828:ISBN
1806:ISBN
1781:ISBN
1640:2024
1518:ISBN
1488:ISBN
1463:PMID
1343:ISBN
1313:ISBN
301:The
264:bobo
222:The
97:Aves
2070:EoL
2057:CoL
1728:doi
1604:PMC
1594:doi
1590:629
1561:hdl
1551:doi
1453:PMC
1445:doi
1414:doi
1376:doi
2185::
2163::
2150::
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2016::
1882::
1759:^
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
