285:
2039:
1991:
212:
205:
194:
1802:
1310:
2499:
1428:
2468:
1578:
187:
1521:. The hated Landvogt of King Matthias, Georg von Stein, was immediately expelled from Bautzens Ortenburg. At the end of the 15th century the political system of the margraviate was largely stabilized. Deputy of the absent sovereign remained the Landogt, who traditionally descended from the nobility of the Bohemian crown lands. However, before 1620, only one Upper Lusatian noble was able to assume the office. In Bautzen and Görlitz moreover two
2058:
406:
260:
401:
270:
2082:
1420:, who supported the League with numerous privileges. The six municipalities in the subsequent period were able to prevail successfully against the nobility. With their increased economic prosperity they gained political influence. They were able to purchase numerous villages in the following 200 years and a significant proportion of the country fell under the direct rule of the city councils. In addition, within the so-called
1728:
1189:
655:
1306:, as the conquered Milceni Land as a whole belonged to the king. In 1241 the boundary between the possessions of the Meissen bishops and the Bohemian Crown in Upper Lusatia were agreed by contract. For centuries, from as early as the Middle Ages, trade flourished, and several important trade routes ran through Lusatia, connecting German states in the west, Poland in the east and Bohemia in the south.
1905:
954:
3327:
2605:
2366:
1014:
873:
672:
36:
309:
321:
3188:
396:
1004:
was located. Their center was a fortified town at the site of today's
Ortenburg in Bautzen. Another early Slavic settlement was situated in the valley of the Neisse river. The rural Sorbian population erected numerous hill forts, which were tribal centers as well as the residences of Slavic nobility.
1656:
as
Landvogt in Bautzen, who was not able to reach a settlement between the League and the local nobility. King Ferdinand himself took contradictory decisions, that did not resolve the continuous struggle over the hegemony in the Upper Lusatian lands. The stance of the nobility was strengthened with
2521:
In the German part of Upper
Lusatia, the population has been declining since the 1990s. Young people leave the region because the unemployment in Eastern Saxony is particularly high. This and the low birth rate have led to severe aging of the population. In the absence of available jobs, minimal
1609:
tried to prevent its spread. In Görlitz and
Bautzen the municipal authorities however soon conceded the pressure of the population and officially adopted the Protestant Reformation in 1523 and 1524, though only in small cautious steps. In particular, the chapter of St. Peter in Bautzen resisted
1360:
between 1377 and 1396), it permanently divided the Upper
Lusatian nobility and the municipal administration. In Görlitz Land henceforth own meetings nobility took place, which also remained the case after the reunification of the two countries. The town of Görlitz, centre of the eastern phalf,
2522:
influx of foreigners is noticeable. The Polish part of Upper
Lusatia is, apart from Zgorzelec, Lubań and Bogatynia, only sparsely populated and the area belongs to an economically weak region of Poland: only the coal-fired power plant in Turów offers a larger number of industrial jobs.
2514:. However, the German population is not culturally homogeneous, and the cultural borders can be quite well identified by the different dialect groups. While in the region around Bautzen a good deal of High German is spoken, in the south the Upper Lusatian dialect of German (
1344:
and judges from
Bohemians time were united in one hand and even expanded. The Landvogt was the country's highest official, he decided in feudal matters, presided in the supreme court and was military commander-in-chief. The Landvogts remained in power until after the
2509:
Today approximately 780,000 people live in Upper
Lusatia, nearly 157,000 of them in the Polish part to the east of the Neisse river. A part of the country belongs to the settlement area of the Sorbs. Between Kamenz, Bautzen and Hoyerswerda, about 20,000 people speak
859:
in the Polish part are still active. Many of the old coal mines have been restored since the 1970s, especially after 1990, when particular attention was paid to revitalize the landscape. The newly formed lakes are already named and advertised as the
1219:
In the first century of Přemyslid rule all major towns of Upper
Lusatia, and all major religious institutions of the country – apart from the older Bautzen – were established. The Meissen bishop Bruno II from 1213 to 1218 established the
2518:), is common. In the east, Silesian is still spoken by some. The greatest density of population can be found in the German-Polish twin city of Görlitz/Zgorzelec. Currently 91,000 inhabitants, 33,000 in the Polish part, live there.
1567:
The cities had extensive judicial powers over the subjects of many knights and over the nobles themselves. The supreme court was the court of the land and the cities, which was formed together by both estates. According to the
1470:
eased the links of Upper
Lusatia to the Bohemian Crown, and because of the weakness of the kingdom the internal affairs of the margraviate were regulated largely without royal interference. During this time the Upper Lusatian
992:
played a special role. Another significant settlement was on the cliff above the Spree river, where in the course of history Bautzens Ortenburg was built, dominant and administrative center of what would become Upper Lusatia.
284:
1704:, where he sentenced the cities to pay an enormous fine and seized their properties. Moreover, he revoked all the League's privileges, a measure that later could be rescinded in a long and arduous process of negotiations.
458:
1896:
In the interbellum, the German government carried out a massive campaign of changing of place names in Lusatia in order to erase traces of Slavic origin, and while most of the historic names were restored after
1263:, which was almost carried out as a competition with the Meissen bishops. German peasants, who cleared the large forest areas and created many new villages, were brought into the country in the course of the
433:
1271:. Often Slavic (Sorbian) hamlets were also extended by German settlers. The new German farmers were legally better off than the old-established population. The majority of the Sorbians peasants were
1864:
1336:
attained Budissin Land. Neither the exact date of the acquisition nor the legal form of ownership – feud, marriage or pledge rule – can be established with certainty. With the establishment of a
3143:
Privilegien und Statuten der Oberlausitzer Sechsstädte – Ein Streifzug durch die Organisation des städtischen Lebens in Zittau, Bautzen, Görlitz, Löbau, Kamenz und Lauban in der frühen Neuzeit
1978:
1976:, on 26 April 1945, the Germans carried out a massacre of a field hospital column of the 9th Polish Armored Division, killing some 300 POWs, mostly wounded soldiers and medical personnel (see
843:
was especially well suited for agriculture and is still very profitable. In the 19th century, in the northern part of Upper Lusatia, in the east on both sides of the Neisse river and around
3220:
1768:
1508:, the Lusatian League took part in Matthias' war for the Bohemian Crown. Matthias tried to manage his country more efficient. In Silesia, he therefore installed the office of an
1160:, ruled it independently from 1084 to 1108 residing at Ortenburg Castle. In 1091, a further donation to the church was made, when Henry IV transferred five other villages in the
1939:
968:(until about 8000 BC) only crossed through the area. Even the oldest agricultural cultures (4500 BC to 3300 BC) left behind only little evidence of settlement. In the early
3416:
812:(water), often in combination with the name of a village which the stream flows through. The eastern border of Upper Lusatia with Lower Silesia is marked by the River
1062:
All the major wall ring castles in the border areas were strengthened and prepared as starting points for further conquests. In place of the Milceni castles, German
1961:
During the war, the Poles postulated that after the defeat of Germany, the Sorbs should be allowed free national development either within the borders of Poland or
1618:
doctrine finally prevailed in most parishes, as in Upper Lusatia not the Bohemian sovereign introduced the Reformation but the local city councils and noble lords.
1574:, a decision was final and couldn't be changed at the royal courts in Prague. The cities' supremacy remained a thorn in the side of the Upper Lusatian nobility.
1466:, as well as Zittau and Lubań were conquered by the Hussites and devastated. Only the two largest cities, Bautzen and Görlitz, could stand up to the sieges. The
1927:
1554:(barons), the collegiate chapters of St. Marienstern, St. Marienthal, the Magdalene convent in Lubań and the cathedral foundation in Bautzen, as well as the
1037:. In 932 the Milceni were forced to pay tribute. After Henry's death in 936 the Milceni once again became independent, but were subdued again in 939 by King
3213:
3342:
1400:
into the Bohemian Crown, which tied Upper Lusatia closely and permanently with the Kingdom of Bohemia, without affecting Upper Lusatias internal order.
3047:
Kubasiewicz, Izabela (2013). "Emigranci z Grecji w Polsce Ludowej. Wybrane aspekty z życia mniejszości". In Dworaczek, Kamil; Kamiński, Łukasz (eds.).
1121:
on 30 January 1018, which assigned the Milceni lands of Upper Lusatia and Lusatia proper (today Lower Lusatia) to Poland. After the victory of Emperor
2339:
1083:
1353:
1931:
628:
1279:. The new (mostly German) villages could manage their affairs also relatively autonomously. However, when Sorbian peasants were involved in the
1255:
The forest clearance from about the year 1100, mainly by Sorbian peasants, expanded the cultivated land. New places in the northern area around
3411:
3391:
3206:
2849:
2329:
927:
2763:
1540:
was, next to the king, the legislative body of Upper Lusatia. The power of the cities had the effect that there were only two voting estates:
3396:
3150:
3102:
1489:
3066:
1176:), was a part of Budissin Land. Also in this region, the Diocese of Meissen was equipped with possessions. Upper Lusatia reached the Kwisa (
851:
were found. Especially the digging in open pits has destroyed large parts of the old cultural landscape. Currently the Nochten pit south of
3421:
3281:
2161:
1505:
1245:
1408:
In 1346 the five royal cities of Upper Lusatia and Zittau, which had fallen to Bohemia upon the death of Duke Henry of Jawor, founded the
211:
2932:
2650:
1352:
During the reign of the House of Ascania the division of Upper Lusatia into the countries of Bautzen (Budissin) and Görlitz by Margrave
204:
2283:
1514:(Upper State Governor), to whom both Lusatias were subjected. This was considered a threat to autonomy by the Upper Lusatian estates.
600:
was first recorded in a 1474 deed, derived from the adjacent Lower Lusatian lands in the north, which originally were just called the
193:
1102:
3174:
3135:
3120:
3052:
2740:
2449:
2293:
2273:
2199:
1708:
119:
2906:
1424:
enlarged municipal area, they were able to enforce their jurisdiction over large parts of the local nobility and its possessions.
1025:
The independent development of the West Slavic tribes was interrupted in the 10th century by the expansion of the German state of
2263:
2245:
1212:
but also the investiture with Ortenburg Castle and Land Budissin, which both became reality two years later. Therewith the first
934:
899:
2038:
3401:
3229:
2614:
The region is rich in architecture from various reigns, including Czech, Polish, German and Hungarian, whose styles range from
2188:
2018:
1958:, the prisoners of which were mostly Jews, Poles and Russians, but also Frenchmen, Italians, Yugoslavs, Czechs, Belgians, etc.
1951:
1635:
1497:
1372:, claimed Upper Lusatia for themselves. The Bohemian king again received the western lands around Bautzen in 1319 from Emperor
1197:
636:
2887:
Lewaszkiewicz, Tadeusz (2015). "Zarys dziejów sorabistyki i zainteresowań Łużycami w Wielkopolsce". In Kurowska, Hanna (ed.).
2387:
2383:
2064:
1955:
1417:
1225:
1205:
57:
53:
2430:
1290:
River, over time a separate Upper Lusatian nobility emerged. This nobility controlled the land on behalf of the king or the
1153:
100:
3386:
3256:
2402:
2233:
2210:
1759:
often traveled the routes. Numerous Polish dignitaries also traveled through Upper Lusatia on several occasions, and some
1689:
1570:
1451:
1122:
1079:
1078:. Until the second half of the 10th century the fights continued, and in 990 the Milceni were finally subdued by Margrave
72:
1340:
as deputy of the Ascanian ruler they created the most important office in Upper Lusatia. In principle, the powers of the
2892:
2221:
1969:
1791:
1373:
1141:
1110:
383:
269:
3008:"Recenzja: Zbigniew Kopociński, Krzysztof Kopociński, Horka – łużycka Golgota służby zdrowia 2. Armii Wojska Polskiego"
3276:
1715:
in 1564. Nevertheless, the Upper Lusatian lands did not remain untouched by the rising conflicts in the course of the
1639:
1518:
1356:
in 1268 was the most important event. Although the autonomy of Görlitz Land ended in 1329 (shortly revived under Duke
3306:
2409:
79:
3246:
1990:
3406:
3078:
Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 14 kwietnia 2004 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii
2992:
2014:
1935:
1396:
had to cede Görlitz to the Bohemian king, but retained the remaining towns. In the same year John incorporated the
1333:
1038:
566:
2376:
1673:
1446:
revolution erupted in the beginning of the 15th century in Bohemia, the League took up an adverse stance over the
1216:
period in the history of Upper Lusatia, with far-reaching consequences for the development of the country, began.
972:(11th century BC to 9th century BC) people of the Lusatian culture entered the previously uninhabited region from
913:
186:
46:
3095:
Geschichte der Oberlausitz. Herrschaft, Gesellschaft und Kultur vom Mittelalter bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts
1459:
1233:
1209:
1972:
reached Lusatia in early 1945, with Soviet and Polish troops defeating the Germans and capturing the region. In
1942:
subcamps in the region. There were also several Nazi prisons with multiple forced labour subcamps, including in
1364:
After the extinction of the Ascanian dynasty in 1319, the rulers of the neighboring territories, including King
259:
3192:
2619:
2416:
2009:. This new border split the historic region of Upper Lusatia between the two countries. From 1949, up to 7,000
1909:
1413:
1145:
627:
Upper Lusatia is shaped by the uniform Lusatian granite massif, only the north and northeast, the plain of the
426:
86:
2958:
2665:
2307:
1837:
1787:
1325:
1137:
708:
2703:
3381:
2398:
2318:
2303:
2121:
1756:
1752:
1736:
1677:
1598:
1590:
1481:
1056:
920:
861:
773:
735:(Tabulový Kámen) in the Polish part, located at 1,123 m (3,684 ft) on the eastern slopes of the
464:
439:
395:
68:
3067:
https://www.radiolausitz.de/beitrag/zahl-der-arbeitslosen-in-der-oberlausitz-unter-17000-gesunken-722060/
3108:
2547:
1871:
1696:. In contrast, the hesitant Lusatian League was not able to prolong military support up to the decisive
1157:
1075:
550:
362:
2006:
1697:
1488:
confession, which the Pope had condemned as heretical. Upper Lusatia rendered homage to his rival, the
1436:
1106:
958:
538:
3326:
3077:
3007:
2623:
2153:
1795:
1772:
1740:
1536:, nobles and cities could, without the consent of the king's, assemble and take decisions. Thus, the
1432:
1346:
1241:
1229:
1201:
1071:
793:
777:
372:
2983:
Orzechowski, Marian (1976). "Kwestia serbołużycka w polskiej myśli politycznej w latach 1939–1947".
2814:
2758:
2646:
2615:
2171:
2113:
1875:
1849:
1801:
1771:
located in various towns in the region. Polish-Sorbian contacts increased in that period. With the
1716:
1712:
1693:
1648:
1627:
1606:
1369:
1295:
1248:
in 1244, and Bishop Bernhard in 1248 founded the second Cistercian monastery of St. Marienstern in
1221:
1130:
877:
700:
546:
2498:
1525:
existed. These three officials, with several secretaries, formed the entire royal administration.
1427:
3241:
2711:
1821:
1813:
1763:
owned estates in Lusatia. A distinct remnant of the region's ties to Poland are the 18th-century
1260:
1129:
in 1031, Upper Lusatia again came under the rule of the Meissen margraves, confirmed by the 1033
1126:
1041:. As a result, the Milceni lands, despite persistent militant struggles, became part of the vast
906:
785:
704:
684:
644:
574:
534:
2699:
1782:, in 1813, Polish troops stayed in the region and two Polish military units were established in
1357:
1309:
3296:
3266:
3261:
3170:
3146:
3131:
3116:
3098:
3029:
2736:
2511:
2343:
2141:
2045:
1817:
1631:
1577:
1493:
1447:
1249:
763:
659:
492:
405:
294:
171:
1180:), the border to Silesia and its largest expansion to the east, already in the 12th century.
3019:
1685:
1653:
1501:
1393:
1329:
1213:
1118:
1066:
appeared (first mentioned 1006), such as the Ortenburg Castle in Bautzen, or the castles of
1030:
965:
892:
797:
759:
744:
680:
601:
451:
400:
290:
2423:
93:
2767:
2057:
1779:
1643:
1611:
1605:
sermons were preached in 1520 and 1521, although the nobility, the city councils and King
1510:
1409:
1365:
1048:
977:
789:
558:
472:
418:
1806:
712:
2481:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
996:
Slavs settled in the region from the 7th century. In the area between today's cities of
2502:
2133:
1962:
1700:. Furious King Ferdinand ordered the League's representatives to his Bohemian court at
1385:
1361:
rapidly gained importance and became economically the strongest city of Upper Lusatia.
1303:
1259:
arose. The country's expansion intensified in the middle of the 12th century under the
1149:
1086:
in 968. In 1007, the diocese received the first donation in Milceni lands, the castles
1034:
692:
519:
512:
484:
2081:
1727:
1517:
Upon the death of Matthias Corvinus in 1490, Upper Lusatia again became a constituent
3375:
2577:
2537:
2068:
1973:
1920:
1658:
1602:
1586:
1389:
1043:
852:
781:
752:
736:
624:
578:
504:
2780:
Pieradzka, Krystyna (1949). "Związki handlowe Łużyc ze Śląskiem w dawnych wiekach".
2642:
1995:
1412:. The united forces of the cities should secure the public peace and override local
1188:
570:
3291:
2840:
Matyniak, Alojzy S. (1968). "Kontakty kulturalne polsko-serbołużyckie w XVIII w.".
2002:
1898:
1880:
1467:
1026:
941:
654:
2671:
Main museums dedicated to the history of the region include the Sorbian museum in
1904:
1832:
in the southeast. The Upper Lusatian territory north of it, i.e. the districts of
1283:
development of the country, they enjoyed the same rights as the German colonists.
953:
758:
All major rivers in the Upper Lusatia flow from south to north. In the west, the
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3162:
2630:
2608:
2604:
2557:
2365:
1916:
1833:
1615:
1454:
and Lower Lusatian nobles, the cities waged war against the insurgents. In turn
1266:
1256:
1237:
1013:
872:
844:
671:
554:
35:
1601:
ideas spread all over Upper Lusatia. In Görlitz, Bautzen and Zittau, the first
1500:, Silesia and both Lusatias, but never ruled in Bohemia itself. Until the 1479
3316:
2707:
2634:
2552:
1943:
1924:
1841:
1829:
1775:, the Sorbian national revival began and resistance to Germanization emerged.
1688:
of 1546/47 and even arranged troops in support of Ferdinand's brother Emperor
1662:
1594:
1169:
980:. Archeological evidence documents a path between the settlement areas around
969:
805:
728:
589:
346:
3357:
3344:
3033:
1074:. In the year 1002 the city of Bautzen was first mentioned by the chronicler
3286:
2684:
2582:
2542:
1681:
1676:
and neither could afford to estrange the nobles nor to force back spreading
1485:
1341:
1276:
902:
region (on the Neisse from Görlitz to Zittau, north of the Zittau Mountains)
856:
768:
720:
593:
353:
238:
17:
3187:
887:
Today, Upper Lusatia is grouped into eight natural regions or landscapes:
3271:
3251:
2572:
2567:
2022:
1890:
1845:
1764:
1760:
1550:
1463:
1443:
1381:
1291:
989:
944:
in the northeast (around Bad Muskau and Weisswasser, Poland, in the east)
881:
840:
817:
748:
724:
232:
3097:. 2. durchgesehene Auflage, Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2004,
2874:
Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831
2733:
Słowianie zachodni : z dziejów tworzenia się średniowiecznej Europy
1934:, Belgian, British, Australian, New Zealander, Canadian, South African,
2672:
2532:
2049:
1856:
1825:
1748:
1533:
1480:
In 1469 the Upper Lusatian estates even seceded from the Bohemian king
1473:
1299:
1272:
1091:
1067:
1001:
981:
973:
848:
821:
716:
696:
688:
648:
609:
585:
542:
529:
The major part of Upper Lusatia is part of the German federal state of
508:
496:
336:
314:
226:
1101:
Soon, however, the German feudal rule was threatened by the ascending
679:
The highest elevations of the German part of Upper Lusatia are in the
2587:
2562:
2010:
1947:
1783:
1744:
1701:
1556:
1455:
1377:
997:
985:
836:
801:
731:(587 m). However, the highest point of historic Upper Lusatia is the
632:
530:
500:
379:
358:
326:
243:
3024:
2876:(in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. pp. 65–66.
1477:(diet) developed into the main instrument of the estates' autonomy.
643:. The middle part is hilly, while the south is characterized by the
2603:
2497:
1989:
1903:
1800:
1726:
1576:
1426:
1308:
1187:
1117:. After several volatile and bitter feuds both parties signed the
1012:
871:
813:
670:
653:
640:
523:
3065:
Zahl der Arbeitslosen in der Oberlausitz unter 17.000 gesunken -
1164:, four of them south of Göda. For 1144 it is documented that the
988:. A fortified hill from the 10th century BC, the Schafsberg near
3311:
2735:. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. pp. 234, 235.
1630:, his crown lands including Upper Lusatia were inherited by his
1337:
1287:
1052:
3202:
2801:
Der Bund der Sechsstädte in der Ober-Lausitz: Eine Jubelschrift
1646:
by the estates; however the rule was entrusted to the Bohemian
788:
in the far south of the country and flows through Bautzen. The
2657:
2461:
2359:
2076:
1965:, or as an independent Sorbian state in alliance with Poland.
1669:
1109:
conquered both Upper and Lower Lusatia and forced German king
608:
in contemporary chronicles, named after the local West Slavic
557:. The eastern part of Upper Lusatia is in Poland, east of the
29:
2690:
Zgorzelec is home to one of Poland's largest war cemeteries.
1859:
before, it is still referred to as "Silesian Upper Lusatia" (
604:. The Upper Lusatian territory was previously referred to as
3325:
2991:(2). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, Wydawnictwo
804:, flows through Görlitz/Zgorzelec and leaves the country at
1979:
German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war
1349:, although the administrative practice changed frequently.
1313:
Upper Lusatia (blue) held by the Margraves of Brandenburg,
937:
in the northwest (northwest of Kamenz, west of Hoyerswerda)
2025:, however, many soon relocated to other places in Poland.
2001:
After the end of World War II in 1945, the border between
1938:, Serbian, Soviet, Slovak and American POWs with multiple
1855:
Though this area had never been affiliated with historic
1816:, the northeastern part of Upper Lusatia passed from the
808:
for Lower Lusatia. Most of the smaller rivers are called
596:, halved between Germany and Poland since 1945. The name
518:
tribe. Both parts of Lusatia are home to the West Slavic
1735:
The Margraviate of Upper Lusatia was transferred by the
923:
region (around Bautzen and Löbau north of the Highlands)
820:
and continues north towards the Silesian lands into the
2803:(in German). Görlitz: G. Heinze & Comp. p. 11.
2093:
3145:. Spitzkunnersdorf : Oberlausitzer Verlag, 2008.
2656:
Poland's oldest tree, the over-1200-year-old Henryków
1751:
ran through the region in the 18th century and Kings
1532:
assembly of the estates. Ever since the 15th century
1416:. This was also in the sense of the sovereign, King
695:. The highest peaks of the Zittau Mountains are the
2390:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1908:Memorial to Soviet and Polish troops fallen in the
390:
369:
352:
342:
332:
302:
139:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1769:coat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1719:in the neighbouring lands of Bohemia and Moravia.
1082:. The church of Upper Lusatia was assigned to the
1033:initiated a period of military subjugation of the
1786:, that is the 1st Horse Artillery Company of the
1642:. During his only visit in 1537, he received the
772:trade route) formerly marked the border with the
3049:Letnia Szkoła Historii Najnowszej 2012. Referaty
1790:Division and 2nd Horse Artillery Company of the
3130:. Oberlausitzer Verlag, Spitzkunnersdorf 2004,
2770:at www.silvaportal.info. Accessed 11 July 2011.
751:of Upper Lusatia with the historical region of
691:region in the south, which today belong to the
1915:During World War II, the Germans operated the
1168:province, an area southeast of Görlitz around
3214:
3169:(The Wendish Voyage)", Domowina-Verlag 2004,
1029:. With the raids of 921/922 and 928/929 King
639:in 1996, in particular for the protection of
8:
1668:King Ferdinand was dependent on support and
1665:, Seidenberg, Hoyerswerda, and Königsbrück.
1264:
703:at 749 m (2,457 ft). The adjacent
569:. A small strip of land in the north around
2698:One of the most successful sports teams is
1828:in the northwest to the Bohemian border at
1680:. In turn the estates, unlike the Bohemian
1388:, the southwesternmost duchy of fragmented
957:Coat of arms of Upper Lusatia, as drawn by
900:East Lusatian Hill Country and River Neisse
3221:
3207:
3199:
2889:Kapitał społeczno-polityczny Serbołużyczan
1626:When King Louis II was killed at the 1526
588:, while the largest city in the region is
136:
3023:
2450:Learn how and when to remove this message
2065:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony and Warsaw
796:since 1945. The river rises in the Czech
584:The historic capital of Upper Lusatia is
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3417:Former duchies of the Kingdom of Bohemia
2256:
2181:
2151:
2131:
2111:
1692:—against the fierce protest of reformer
1657:the establishment of the Upper Lusatian
1294:and in return received the country as a
1286:Due to immigration from the west of the
952:
916:(northwest from Bischofswerda to Kamenz)
507:to the north, it makes up the region of
3113:Beiträge zur Geschichte der Oberlausitz
2754:
2752:
2723:
1812:According to the Final Act of the 1815
1055:and after 965 of the newly established
629:Upper Lusatian Heath and Pond Landscape
389:
351:
331:
301:
281:
253:
177:
27:Historical region in Germany and Poland
2258:Wettin Electors of Saxony (1635–1815)
2183:Habsburg Kings of Bohemia (1526–1635)
1563:the six cities of the Lusatian League.
1528:The country's centre of power was the
1156:. The son-in-law of Vratislaus, Count
928:Upper Lusatian Heath and Lake District
755:to the east and Bohemia to the south.
450:
2985:Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
2842:Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
1614:. Overall, it took decades until the
687:forming the border with the adjacent
541:. The northwestern extremity, around
425:
368:
341:
7:
2388:adding citations to reliable sources
2346:from 1806, Duke of Warsaw from 1807
1824:. The new demarcation line ran from
1711:officially implemented the Lutheran
1638:, husband of the late king's sister
766:(the "Gate to Upper Lusatia" on the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3080:, Dz. U., 2004, vol. 102, No. 1059
2704:2013–14 Polish Basketball Champions
1930:for Polish POWs and civilians, and
1228:, which was richly endowed by King
1105:and its western expansion. In 1002
909:(southern Upper Lusatia to Bohemia)
895:(southeastern tip of Upper Lusatia)
699:at 792.6 m (2,600 ft)and
2505:in Mehltheuer/Lubjenc near Bautzen
25:
1863:), e.g. by the local body of the
1376:. The eastern part with Görlitz,
3186:
2872:Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925).
2850:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
2466:
2364:
2080:
2056:
2037:
1893:and co-operated with the Sorbs.
1017:March of Lusatia (outlined) and
577:, along with the Polish part of
404:
399:
394:
319:
307:
283:
268:
258:
210:
203:
192:
185:
34:
3307:Vesser Valley Thuringian Forest
3006:Woszczerowicz, Zuzanna (2022).
2963:Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica
2668:, is located in Upper Lusatia.
2375:needs additional citations for
2248:, Holy Roman Emperor from 1619
2224:, Holy Roman Emperor from 1512
2202:, Holy Roman Emperor from 1564
2191:, Holy Roman Emperor from 1558
2019:refugees of the Greek Civil War
1848:, was attached to the Prussian
1208:. He not only promised him the
1152:in turn for his support in the
647:, the westernmost range of the
289:Upper Lusatia as a part of the
45:needs additional citations for
2706:and former participant of the
1956:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
1707:Ferdinand's successor Emperor
1144:granted Budissin Land to Duke
683:(Lusatian Ridge), part of the
1:
3412:Biosphere reserves of Germany
3392:Historical regions in Germany
2959:"Subcamps of KL Gross- Rosen"
2156:Kings of Bohemia (1490–1526)
1743:. Two main routes connecting
1581:St. Peter's Church in Bautzen
1571:privilegium de non-appellando
1314:
1244:, which was subjected to the
675:Historic map of Upper Lusatia
3397:Historical regions in Poland
2136:King of Hungary (1469–1490)
2116:King of Bohemia (1458–1469)
2005:and Poland was fixed at the
1885:issued the Polish newspaper
1392:-ruled Poland. In 1329 Duke
1200:signed an alliance with the
914:Northwest Lusatian Highlands
800:, enters Upper Lusatia near
784:river has its source in the
3422:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
2891:(in Polish). Zielona Góra:
2651:Historic Monument of Poland
2234:Frederick of the Palatinate
2021:, settled in Zgorzelec and
1450:. In alliance with Emperor
1000:and Löbau the tribe of the
631:is Pleistocene formed. The
549:, is incorporated into the
3438:
3128:Oberlausitz. Schöne Heimat
2933:"Gerichtsgefängnis Zittau"
2731:Leciejewicz, Lech (1989).
1684:, remained neutral in the
1610:successfully and remained
1519:Land of the Bohemian Crown
1324:Between the death of King
1232:and his successors; Queen
935:Königsbrück-Ruhland Heaths
930:(east of Kamenz to Niesky)
567:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
3323:
3237:
2893:Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
2475:This article needs to be
1994:Polish boundary stone in
1805:Inner-Lusatian border at
1731:1645 map of Upper Lusatia
1298:. Unlike in neighbouring
1192:Ortenburg Castle, Bautzen
635:has declared this area a
612:tribe, later also called
553:district of the state of
452:[ˈhɔʁnʲaˈwuʒitsa]
427:[ˈoːbɐˌlaʊ̯zɪt͡s]
282:
254:
225:From top, left to right:
178:
169:
3167:Die wendische Schiffahrt
3126:Frank Nürnberger (ed.):
3115:. Oettel, Görlitz 2000,
2815:"Informacja historyczna"
2626:to modern architecture.
1910:Battle of Bautzen (1945)
1634:brother-in-law Archduke
1398:terra et civitas goerlic
1206:Vladislaus II of Bohemia
1146:Vratislaus II of Bohemia
1113:to enfeoff him with the
3093:Joachim Bahlcke (ed.):
3051:(in Polish). Warszawa:
2799:Köhler, Gustav (1846).
2683:("Lusatian Museum") in
1861:Schlesische Oberlausitz
1585:Only a few years after
1326:Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
1138:Investiture Controversy
468:
443:
3402:Regions of Brandenburg
3331:
2993:Polskiej Akademii Nauk
2611:
2506:
2340:Frederick Augustus III
1998:
1912:
1901:, some were retained.
1809:
1757:Augustus III of Poland
1753:Augustus II the Strong
1737:Peace of Prague (1635)
1732:
1636:Ferdinand I of Austria
1591:The Ninety-Five Theses
1582:
1439:
1354:Otto IV of Brandenburg
1328:in 1253 and 1262, the
1321:
1265:
1193:
1057:Margraviate of Meissen
1022:
961:
921:Upper Lusatian Gefilde
884:
862:Lusatian Lake District
676:
663:
488:
476:
422:
3329:
2766:26 March 2012 at the
2677:Serbski muzej Budyšin
2607:
2548:Ebersbach-Neugersdorf
2501:
2319:Frederick Augustus II
2213:, Holy Roman Emperor
1993:
1928:prisoner-of-war camps
1907:
1804:
1730:
1674:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
1580:
1430:
1312:
1302:, the nobles held no
1191:
1158:Wiprecht of Groitzsch
1125:over the Polish king
1076:Thietmar of Merseburg
1016:
956:
875:
674:
658:Hilly landscape near
657:
573:is incorporated into
551:Oberspreewald-Lausitz
533:, roughly comprising
371: • Summer (
3387:Geography of Lusatia
3195:at Wikimedia Commons
2788:(4). Wrocław: 89–91.
2384:improve this article
2304:Frederick Augustus I
2237:(the "Winter King")
1830:Seidenberg (Zawidów)
1788:Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
1773:Age of Enlightenment
1741:Electorate of Saxony
1548:, consisting of the
1496:, who had conquered
1433:Upper Lusatian house
1257:Hoyerswerda/Wojerecy
1236:in 1234 donated the
1230:Ottokar I of Bohemia
1226:St. Peter in Bautzen
1198:Frederick Barbarossa
847:large quantities of
835:) landscape between
794:German-Polish border
667:Mountains and rivers
620:Geography and nature
54:improve this article
3354: /
2907:"Gefängnis Görlitz"
2647:World Heritage Site
2330:Frederick Christian
2259:
2184:
2157:
2137:
2122:George of Poděbrady
2117:
1850:Province of Silesia
1767:decorated with the
1717:Counter-Reformation
1713:Confessio Augustana
1694:Johannes Bugenhagen
1607:Louis II of Bohemia
1511:Oberlandeshauptmann
1482:George of Poděbrady
1370:House of Luxembourg
1275:and had to perform
1142:Henry IV of Germany
1131:Treaty of Merseburg
1080:Eckard I of Meissen
964:The hunters of the
3332:
3282:Schorfheide-Chorin
3242:Berchtesgaden Alps
3230:Biosphere reserves
3109:Karlheinz Blaschke
2712:EuroCup Basketball
2612:
2507:
2257:
2182:
2152:
2132:
2112:
2092:. You can help by
1999:
1913:
1865:Evangelical Church
1822:Kingdom of Prussia
1814:Congress of Vienna
1810:
1733:
1698:Battle of Mühlberg
1583:
1440:
1374:Louis the Bavarian
1322:
1194:
1127:Mieszko II Lambert
1107:Bolesław I Chrobry
1084:Diocese of Meissen
1072:Doberschau/Dobruša
1023:
1009:Meissen and Poland
962:
959:Hugo Gerard Ströhl
907:Lusatian Highlands
885:
827:The central hilly
786:Lusatian Highlands
705:Lusatian Highlands
685:Lusatian Mountains
677:
664:
645:Lusatian Mountains
575:Lubusz Voivodeship
511:, named after the
237:Culture Center in
3407:Regions of Saxony
3358:51.167°N 14.333°E
3337:
3336:
3297:Thuringian Forest
3262:Palatinate Forest
3191:Media related to
3151:978-3-933827-88-3
3103:978-3-935693-46-2
2895:. pp. 88–89.
2666:Henryków Lubański
2496:
2495:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2434:
2353:
2352:
2321:, King of Poland
2255:
2254:
2180:
2179:
2150:
2149:
2142:Matthias Corvinus
2130:
2129:
2110:
2109:
2046:Matthias Corvinus
1818:Kingdom of Saxony
1796:Józef Poniatowski
1622:Habsburg Monarchy
1494:Matthias Corvinus
1484:, because of his
1448:Czech Reformation
1347:Thirty Years' War
1246:Diocese of Prague
1103:Kingdom of Poland
1039:Otto I of Germany
816:, who flows past
660:Steinigtwolmsdorf
637:Biosphere Reserve
493:historical region
412:
411:
295:Holy Roman Empire
231:Market Square in
172:Historical region
164:
134:Historical region
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
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3012:Zeszyty Łużyckie
3003:
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2862:Matyniak, p. 241
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2819:Dresden-Warszawa
2811:
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2368:
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2306:, "the Strong",
2260:
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2138:
2118:
2105:
2102:
2084:
2077:
2060:
2041:
2007:Oder–Neisse line
1884:
1686:Schmalkaldic War
1628:Battle of Mohács
1502:Peace of Olomouc
1394:Henry I of Jawor
1368:from the mighty
1319:
1316:
1270:
1196:In 1156 Emperor
1119:Peace of Bautzen
1031:Henry the Fowler
966:Middle Stone Age
893:Zittau Mountains
798:Jizera Mountains
778:Saxon Electorate
745:Jizera Mountains
681:Zittau Mountains
625:Geomorphological
602:March of Lusatia
598:Lusatia superior
539:Görlitz district
535:Bautzen district
462:
461:
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454:
449:
437:
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3330:Flag of Germany
3321:
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3183:
3159:
3157:Further reading
3090:
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3025:10.32798/zl.954
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2937:Bundesarchiv.de
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2911:Bundesarchiv.de
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2778:
2774:
2768:Wayback Machine
2757:
2750:
2743:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2700:Turów Zgorzelec
2696:
2681:Muzeum Łużyckie
2662:Cis henrykowski
2602:
2597:
2592:
2528:
2516:Oberlausitzisch
2492:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2471:
2467:
2456:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2399:"Upper Lusatia"
2393:
2391:
2381:
2369:
2358:
2284:John George III
2106:
2100:
2097:
2090:needs expansion
2075:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2061:
2053:
2052:
2044:Relief of King
2042:
2031:
1988:
1878:
1872:Polish Romantic
1780:Napoleonic Wars
1725:
1672:in the ongoing
1659:state countries
1640:Anne of Bohemia
1624:
1523:Amtshauptmänner
1410:Lusatian League
1406:
1404:Lusatian League
1366:John of Bohemia
1358:John of Görlitz
1317:
1304:allodial titles
1186:
1154:Saxon Rebellion
1011:
982:Bautzen/Budyšin
978:Lusatian Neisse
951:
870:
868:Natural regions
855:and Turów near
792:has formed the
790:Lusatian Neisse
669:
662:, Upper Lusatia
622:
586:Bautzen/Budyšin
457:
456:
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69:"Upper Lusatia"
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3363:51.167; 14.333
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3299:
3294:
3289:
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3267:Rhön Mountains
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3235:
3234:
3228:
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3225:
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3196:
3182:
3181:External links
3179:
3178:
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3154:
3153:
3139:
3124:
3106:
3089:
3086:
3083:
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3070:
3058:
3055:. p. 117.
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2898:
2879:
2864:
2855:
2848:(2). Wrocław:
2832:
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2344:King of Saxony
2336:
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2325:
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2315:
2314:
2311:
2308:King of Poland
2300:
2299:
2296:
2294:John George IV
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2289:
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2274:John George II
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2085:
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2054:
2048:of Hungary in
2043:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2027:
1987:
1984:
1963:Czechoslovakia
1870:In the 1840s,
1846:Lauban (Lubań)
1724:
1721:
1623:
1620:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1405:
1402:
1386:Duchy of Jawor
1384:passed to the
1261:Bohemian kings
1242:St. Marienthal
1185:
1182:
1140:in 1076, King
1035:Polabian Slavs
1021:Land, 1886 map
1010:
1007:
998:Kamenz/Kamjenc
950:
947:
946:
945:
938:
931:
924:
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910:
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693:Czech Republic
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520:minority group
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349:
344:
340:
339:
334:
330:
329:
304:
300:
299:
288:
280:
279:
273:
267:
263:
257:
256:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
241:
235:
229:
222:
221:
209:
202:
201:
200:
191:
184:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
176:
175:
170:
167:
166:
143:
140:
133:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3434:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3382:Upper Lusatia
3380:
3379:
3377:
3370:
3367:
3328:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3302:Upper Lusatia
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3231:
3224:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3194:
3193:Upper Lusatia
3189:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3175:3-7420-1988-0
3172:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3136:3-933827-42-6
3133:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3121:3-932693-59-0
3118:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3079:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3014:(in Polish).
3013:
3009:
3002:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2987:(in Polish).
2986:
2979:
2976:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2844:(in Polish).
2843:
2836:
2833:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2802:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2784:(in Polish).
2783:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2760:Upper Lusatia
2755:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2742:83-04-02690-2
2738:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2538:Bischofswerda
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2526:Largest towns
2525:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2478:
2473:
2464:
2463:
2454:
2451:
2443:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401: –
2400:
2396:
2395:Find sources:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2373:This article
2371:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:John George I
2262:
2261:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2200:Maximilian II
2198:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:Vladislaus II
2160:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2104:
2095:
2091:
2088:This section
2086:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2070:
2069:Bischofswerda
2066:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1970:Eastern Front
1966:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1950:and multiple
1949:
1945:
1941:
1940:forced labour
1937:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1921:Stalag VIII-A
1918:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1877:
1876:Roman Zmorski
1873:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:Polish nobles
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1729:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1709:Maximilian II
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1678:Protestantism
1675:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1654:Berka of Dubá
1651:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1587:Martin Luther
1579:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1506:Vladislaus II
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:robber barons
1411:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1332:margraves of
1331:
1327:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1240:monastery of
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1150:Imperial fief
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1044:Marca Geronis
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1003:
999:
994:
991:
987:
986:Zittau/Žitawa
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
960:
955:
948:
943:
939:
936:
932:
929:
925:
922:
918:
915:
911:
908:
904:
901:
897:
894:
890:
889:
888:
883:
879:
874:
867:
865:
863:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
776:lands of the
775:
771:
770:
765:
761:
756:
754:
753:Lower Silesia
750:
747:, the border
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
727:(499 m), and
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
707:comprise the
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
673:
666:
661:
656:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
619:
617:
615:
614:Land Budissin
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
582:
580:
579:Lower Lusatia
576:
572:
568:
564:
562:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
514:
510:
506:
505:Lower Lusatia
503:. Along with
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:Lower Sorbian
459:
453:
445:
444:Hornja Łužica
441:
440:Upper Sorbian
434:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:Upper Lusatia
407:
402:
397:
393:
385:
381:
378:
374:
364:
360:
357:
355:
348:
345:
338:
335:
328:
316:
305:
296:
292:
286:
271:
261:
245:
242:
240:
236:
234:
230:
228:
224:
223:
213:
206:
195:
188:
173:
168:
163:
159:
155:
154:Hornja Łužica
151:
147:
141:Upper Lusatia
138:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3339:
3301:
3292:Swabian Jura
3247:Black Forest
3166:
3142:
3141:Tino Fröde:
3127:
3112:
3094:
3073:
3061:
3048:
3042:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2962:
2953:
2941:. Retrieved
2936:
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2910:
2901:
2888:
2882:
2873:
2867:
2858:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2823:. Retrieved
2818:
2809:
2800:
2794:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2759:
2732:
2726:
2697:
2689:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2661:
2655:
2638:
2628:
2613:
2520:
2515:
2508:
2487:January 2024
2484:
2476:
2446:
2437:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2394:
2382:Please help
2377:verification
2374:
2246:Ferdinand II
2232:
2154:Jagiellonian
2098:
2094:adding to it
2089:
2003:East Germany
2000:
1977:
1967:
1960:
1914:
1899:World War II
1895:
1886:
1869:
1860:
1854:
1811:
1807:Königswartha
1777:
1734:
1706:
1667:
1647:
1625:
1584:
1569:
1566:
1555:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1529:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1479:
1472:
1468:Hussite Wars
1441:
1421:
1407:
1397:
1363:
1351:
1323:
1285:
1281:Landesausbau
1280:
1254:
1250:Kuckau/Kukow
1218:
1195:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1162:Milzenerland
1161:
1135:
1114:
1100:
1095:
1087:
1063:
1061:
1042:
1027:East Francia
1024:
1018:
995:
963:
942:Muskau Heath
886:
832:
828:
826:
809:
767:
757:
740:
732:
713:Löbauer Berg
678:
623:
613:
605:
597:
583:
560:
528:
515:
489:Horní Lužice
480:
477:Łużyce Górne
469:Górna Łužyca
414:
413:
343:Largest town
274:Coat of arms
162:Horní Lužice
161:
158:Górna Łužyca
157:
153:
150:Łużyce Górne
149:
145:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3361: /
3257:Middle Elbe
3163:Kito Lorenc
2939:(in German)
2913:(in German)
2821:(in Polish)
2631:Muskau Park
2620:Renaissance
2609:Muskau Park
2558:Hoyerswerda
2440:August 2022
2356:Inhabitants
2189:Ferdinand I
2101:August 2010
2015:Macedonians
1917:Stalag IV-A
1879: [
1834:Hoyerswerda
1778:During the
1599:Reformative
1460:Reichenbach
1334:Brandenburg
1318: 1253
1267:Ostsiedlung
1210:royal crown
1136:During the
1068:Göda/Hodźij
990:Löbau/Lubij
845:Hoyerswerda
764:Königsbrück
709:Landeskrone
555:Brandenburg
423:Oberlausitz
293:within the
146:Oberlausitz
18:Oberlausitz
3376:Categories
3349:14°19′59″E
3346:51°10′01″N
3317:Wadden Sea
3232:in Germany
2995:: 380–381.
2968:6 November
2943:6 November
2917:6 November
2825:22 October
2718:References
2708:EuroLeague
2635:Bad Muskau
2578:Weißwasser
2410:newspapers
2349:1763–1815
2324:1733–1763
2313:1694–1733
2310:from 1697
2298:1691–1694
2288:1680–1691
2278:1656–1680
2268:1635–1656
2251:1617–1635
2227:1611–1617
2216:1576–1611
2205:1562–1576
2194:1526–1562
2176:1516–1526
2166:1490–1516
2146:1469–1490
2126:1458–1469
1925:Oflag IV-D
1838:Rothenburg
1794:of Prince
1792:VIII Corps
1682:utraquists
1649:Hofmeister
1603:Protestant
1595:Wittenberg
1551:Freiherren
1546:Landstände
1544:the rural
1504:with King
1418:Charles IV
1342:burggraves
1238:Cistercian
1174:Seidenberg
1115:Gau Milsca
1090:(probably
1047:under the
970:Bronze Age
876:View from
853:Weißwasser
849:brown coal
806:Bad Muskau
733:Tafelstein
729:Valtenberg
448:pronounced
80:newspapers
3287:Spreewald
3277:Schaalsee
3034:0867-6364
2685:Zgorzelec
2583:Zgorzelec
2543:Bogatynia
2211:Rudolf II
2114:Poděbrady
1765:mileposts
1690:Charles V
1593:in Saxon
1560:chivalry,
1490:Hungarian
1486:utraquist
1452:Sigismund
1442:When the
1437:Ebersbach
1422:Weichbild
1292:margraves
1277:serjeanty
1234:Kunigunde
1202:Přemyslid
1123:Conrad II
1064:Burgwards
1051:margrave
857:Bogatynia
833:Pahórčina
769:Via Regia
743:) in the
723:(561 m),
721:Czorneboh
719:(583 m),
715:(448 m),
711:(420 m),
594:Zgorzelec
354:Time zone
303:Countries
239:Zgorzelec
110:July 2010
3252:Bliesgau
2764:Archived
2618:through
2240:1619/20
2222:Matthias
2063:Bust of
1986:Post-war
1952:subcamps
1891:Budissin
1652:Zdislav
1632:Habsburg
1616:Lutheran
1612:Catholic
1534:prelates
1431:Typical
1338:Landvogt
1330:Ascanian
1214:Bohemian
1111:Henry II
1098:(Göda).
1088:Ostrusna
1019:Milsieni
976:and the
882:Rotstein
760:Pulsnitz
749:tripoint
725:Bieleboh
701:Hochwald
689:Bohemian
559:Neisse (
391:Highways
246:Old Town
3088:Sources
3018:: 257.
2782:Sobótka
2673:Bautzen
2643:Łęknica
2639:Mužakow
2624:Baroque
2595:Culture
2553:Görlitz
2533:Bautzen
2512:Sorbian
2477:updated
2424:scholar
2134:Hunyadi
2050:Bautzen
1996:Łęknica
1954:of the
1944:Görlitz
1936:Italian
1857:Silesia
1842:Görlitz
1826:Ruhland
1820:to the
1749:Dresden
1739:to the
1589:put up
1538:Landtag
1530:Landtag
1498:Moravia
1474:Landtag
1444:Hussite
1300:Bohemia
1222:college
1184:Bohemia
1170:Zawidów
1092:Ostritz
1002:Milceni
974:Bohemia
949:History
878:Sohland
829:Gefilde
824:river.
810:-wasser
774:Meissen
717:Kottmar
697:Lausche
649:Sudetes
610:Milceni
590:Görlitz
571:Łęknica
563:) river
543:Ruhland
522:of the
509:Lusatia
497:Germany
491:) is a
347:Görlitz
337:Bautzen
333:Capital
315:Germany
227:Bautzen
94:scholar
3173:
3149:
3134:
3119:
3101:
3032:
2852:: 243.
2739:
2694:Sports
2679:) and
2641:) and
2616:Gothic
2600:Sights
2588:Zittau
2563:Kamenz
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2029:Rulers
2011:Greeks
1948:Zittau
1932:French
1887:Stadło
1784:Zittau
1745:Warsaw
1723:Saxony
1702:Prague
1663:Muskau
1644:homage
1597:, his
1557:Ritter
1456:Kamenz
1378:Zittau
1166:Zagost
1148:as an
1096:Godobi
1094:) and
880:to Mt
837:Kamenz
802:Zittau
780:. The
641:otters
633:UNESCO
606:Milsko
547:Tettau
531:Saxony
516:Lusici
513:Slavic
501:Poland
481:Milsko
473:Polish
419:German
327:Poland
324:
312:
297:(1618)
244:Kamenz
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3272:Rügen
2846:XXIII
2664:) in
2645:is a
2573:Lubań
2568:Löbau
2431:JSTOR
2417:books
2334:1763
2172:Louis
2023:Lubań
1974:Horka
1883:]
1874:poet
1670:taxes
1492:king
1464:Löbau
1390:Piast
1382:Lubań
1320:-1319
1273:serfs
1204:duke
1178:Queis
1049:Saxon
841:Löbau
818:Lubań
814:Kwisa
782:Spree
741:Smrek
565:, in
524:Sorbs
485:Czech
380:UTC+2
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